Have you ever been targeted by a film seller? Where did the movie seller go after Weibo commented on the restrictions?

Behind the flood of "Little Yellow Man" in the comment area is a hidden illegal drainage industry chain.

People who regularly brush Weibo may have this worry: in social software such as Weibo, WeChat and QQ, many "movie sellers" drain illegal websites by commenting, paying attention and sending private messages, and the indecent content they send has become "psoriasis" in the online world.

Nowadays, the behavior of "selling movies" has been restricted.

After the rectification in Weibo, the crackdown on internet piracy was even more severe. On June 12th, Weibo set a rule of paying attention to seven days before commenting, and said that this measure was aimed at cracking down on illegal websites and conducting illegal content related to pornographic video transactions. This has limited some users’ experience, and also made some publishers of illegal advertisements selling films and medicines by inducing words in popular Weibo comments lose an important drainage place.

With the attack of various platforms on this kind of advertising behavior, the means of "selling film brothers" are constantly being refurbished, and the victims of these malicious drainage behaviors are often ordinary users who want to clean up the network environment and curious minors who are ignorant of the world.

A survey by the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter found that behind the flood of "Little Yellow Man" in the comment area, there is a hidden illegal drainage industry chain. After the review in the comment area is becoming stricter, such malicious drainage behavior may also appear behind the private letters, concerns and even praises of ordinary users.

"The drainage industry is actually a marketing black product, which is characterized by making extensive use of the identity information of normal citizens, bypassing the platform restriction rules, sending a large number of drainage contents such as pornography, politics and vulgar advertisements, and finally realizing them in the form of fraud." Li You (a pseudonym), an expert in anti-fraud lab, told the reporter.

After the "selling films" in the comment area was severely punished, the censorship was evaded by means of "building in the middle of the building"

"Think about it, why are you being targeted by film sellers?" This sentence used to be a sentence that netizens often teased in Weibo’s comments, but once the comment area was really flooded with all kinds of pornographic comments, most netizens would feel uncomfortable.

Netizen "Ginger Ginger Ginger" sent a complaint to Weibo in May, saying that his Weibo was "targeted by pornography" and posted many malicious comments in his comment area. Many netizens said that these movie sellers were "everywhere". As long as Weibo has traffic on the hot search, the comment area will often attract such drainage comments.

The reporter found that many porn reviews use keywords such as "father-in-law’s daughter-in-law" and "long-legged green tea biao" to attract users to click. After clicking, they often jump to pornographic websites and ask users to pay.

At present, although Weibo strictly controls comments in the comment area, many "film sellers" can still take advantage of the loopholes.

On June 27th, Shell Finance reporter of the Beijing News found the trace of "selling films" in a popular Weibo comment area, but its method of "selling films" became quite complicated: firstly, it did not comment directly under the popular Weibo, but replied in the top comments in the popular Weibo comment area, which belonged to "comments in comments", and the comment content was a picture of a semi-naked beauty with the words: the original picture was at @XXX. The reporter clicked on the Weibo user of this comment @, and found that there were large-scale pornographic pictures on his homepage, with a website link attached. Clicking on the website link found that he jumped to a "movie selling" website, indicating that 28 yuan could buy pornographic movies, and provided the payment method of Alipay. At this point, the process of draining to pornographic websites through Weibo comment area is completed.

The reporter of Shell Finance found that, influenced by Weibo’s "strike hard" pornographic comments, the "movie seller" could only comment on the published comments, and the drainage was realized in the form of "building in the building". The process was more tortuous than the previous direct reply to indecent comments in hot search, which increased the cost of malicious drainage, but it also showed that no matter how the platform was banned, violators could always find ways to counter the ban rules of the platform.

"The platform and malicious drainage of black products are in the process of dynamic confrontation." Li You told the reporter, "If the rules are too strict, it will be deleted by mistake, which will affect the user’s experience. It is unrealistic to completely ban the drainage of gray and black products, unless everyone can’t comment. However, if the rules are relaxed, they will be invaded by gray-black products, and they can only gradually increase the drainage cost of gray-black products, so that they can retreat. "

Comments and private messages frequently show toner drainage "robots", and the price ranges from 1 yuan to 388 yuan

Weibo is not the only battlefield for film sellers. Many social apps, such as QQ, WeChat, Momo, Tik Tok, etc., are active places for these movie sellers.

Some netizens reported that there are always comments from strange users in their comments posted on QQ, and the comments are usually random words, but if you click on the portrait of the strange user, it is usually "a hole in the sky".

On June 23rd, Shell Finance reporter clicked on the comment of a QQ user who "looked at my head first", and found that if he entered the user’s space, he would jump to the document analysis page of Tencent weiyun, but the document content only had a picture with a QR code. If he scanned it, he would jump to another picture with a QR code and explicit content, and then he would jump to a pornographic website. If he wanted to watch the website video, he would have to pay a fee of 6 to 25 yuan.

A black production studio, which claims to provide "toner drainage on all platforms", said that it can provide drainage service at the price of one person in 2 yuan, but only on the micro signal provided by reporters. "If the direct website address is easy to be blocked, we will first drain the fans to your micro-signal or QQ number through words, and then drain them by sending private messages."

Shell Finance reporter found that almost all of these drainage studios use machine scripts to send private messages in batches. On June 26th, the reporter found a number of "studios" engaged in drainage services by searching for related keywords, and some studios also sold scripts of "drainage robots" part-time. These scripts involved many platforms such as WeChat, Weibo, QQ, Toutiao, Tik Tok, Momo, 58 Tongcheng, Jiji.com, Meipai and Soul, and the prices ranged from 1 yuan (single platform) to 388 yuan (multi-platform package price).

For investigation, the reporter bought a set of "customized drainage scripts" from a merchant at a price of 35.2 yuan, including 22 platforms including Himalayan, WeChat, Tik Tok, Meipai, Weibo and Tantan. After opening the script, the reporter found that its "function settings" include seven functions: video comment, fan private message, fan attention, comment private message, comment concern, comment praise and friend private message. On this page, users can manually input comment speech and private message speech, in addition, they can also make routine settings such as sending pictures, repeating sending, adding attention, and double-talk speech, and can also screen men and women.

In this regard, Fang Chaoqiang, a lawyer of Beijing Yingke (Hangzhou) Law Firm, told the Beijing News reporter that the behavior of diverting users from different platforms to micro-signals through speech induction involves at least false advertisements. "If this behavior is ultimately sold as legitimate goods, it is suspected that marketing methods are illegal. After all, this is a false advertisement. If you sell obscene articles or commit fraud, then those who provide drainage services should also be arrested as accomplices, because even if it is only a commercial entrustment relationship, it also provides business cooperation, which plays a role or even a major role in the spread of obscene articles. "

How to manage the malicious external chain after jumping against the platform ban for many times?

Shell Finance reporter noticed that whether it is comments, private letters or concerns, the inevitable process of draining from a formal social platform to an illegal website is to jump to the outside chain, which often becomes the key place for the platform to attack, so many black and gray products do not hesitate to fight against the ban by jumping many times. As mentioned above, the whole process of draining to an illegal website through QQ avatar jumped three times before "getting into the business".

"There is no way to do this." In an exchange forum of black and gray products on the external network, a practitioner of black and gray products said, "In the early days, H5 links can be directly sent for drainage, and (pornographic) APPs also encourage users to recommend downloads through WeChat QQ, so as to pull new drainage, but later we found that the supervision of the platform is getting stricter and stricter. If you directly send external links to download the app or website address, it will be directly banned by WeChat, so it is increasingly difficult to do drainage on the regular platform."

Zhong Guangjun, director and security expert of WeChat Security Risk Control Center, told the reporter that the external chain includes card links and picture QR codes in the form of presentation. "According to the" WeChat External Link Management Specification ",we divide the standards of violations into 19 categories, including common induced sharing, vulgar spam advertisements, praise collection, fraud and so on. Since January this year, we have dealt with more than one million illegal external chains that have been confirmed by evidence. The overall number of illegal external chains has decreased by 35%, the links of induced sharing classes have decreased by 40%, and the red envelope fraud category has continued to decline by 60%. "

"Our vision is to hope that WeChat friends circle and WeChat chat are places to share life bits and pieces, but some black and gray places just make a fuss about using external links to induce users to share and spread. These illegal external links often contain some malicious content such as junk marketing, vulgarity and fraud, which seriously undermines the normal experience of our normal users and even affects the healthy ecology of the platform. In addition, such a large number of illegal external chains have extended a series of black and gray industries. For example, in order to avoid the security strategy and crackdown needs of WeChat, illegal external chains need to reserve a large number of URLs and a large number of network domain names, which not only seriously harms the WeChat platform, but even affects the development order and norms of the entire Internet. " Zhong Guangjun said.

Shell Finance reporter noted that in order to crack down on illegal website drainage, Weibo has also upgraded its technology. A few days ago, Weibo announced that there were many illegal contents in Weibo’s comments recently that drained illegal websites outside the station and traded pornographic videos. The station centralized and quickly dealt with this kind of Internet illegal activities, and at the same time triggered a fierce confrontation between illegal organizations and Weibo’s security measures. In order to effectively curb the harassment of Internet piracy on platforms and users, Weibo will further upgrade its technology identification system. At the same time, Weibo has launched a special rectification campaign for malicious marketing accounts for two months. Only from June 12th to 18th, Weibo disposed of more than 80 marketing tubas and 210,000 pornographic and vulgar trumpet.

"It can be seen that malicious traffic actually contains a lot of problems. I feel that it is not enough to rely solely on the work of an Internet company or network platform or rely on the crackdown of the competent authorities. Building a clear network environment requires not only our large network system, but also the participation of Internet platforms, ordinary users, and multiple regulatory authorities and competent authorities in social co-governance." Zhong Guangjun said.

Beijing News Shell Finance Reporter Luo Yidan Editor Li Weijia Proofread Junyan Zhang

(Editor: Li Xianjie)

Galloping with Bond: Appreciation of Classic Cars in 007 Movies

  [Car Life] lasted for 50 years, and 22 films were born, with 6 starring roles changed, but there was always only one hero. This is the well-known "007" film, a timeless and always exciting classic series. In addition to James Bond, the engaging spy, and many enchanting Bond girls, the classic of 007 is indispensable for many classic cars that accompany Bond in the battle. Today, the first thing I present to you is the unforgettable British feelings in the car of "007", which is synonymous with courage and super ability. It is James Bond’s favorite partner, and it is Aston Martin.

> > > > Click to enterBmw special of 007 car;Ford special of 007 car

Home of the car

Aston Martin DB5(1963)
Films: Goldfinger, Thunderbolt, golden eye and casino royale.
Special equipment: machine guns, changeable license plates, ejection seats, chariot wheels, lubricating oil launchers and smoke screens, etc.

Home of the car

  The DB5 is definitely a model worthy of a special book in Aston Martin’s history. It was with its stunning appearance in the Golden Finger of 007 in 1964 that Aston Martin became famous and really attracted the attention of the world.

Home of the car

  In fact, when Ian Fleming wrote Goldfinger, the book chose the DB4 model that was still being produced at that time. A few years later, when the best-selling novel was adapted into a movie, this silver-gray DB5 specially made for the movie made its coolest new car appearance so far. Subsequently, in thunderball in 1965, DB5 became 007′ s car again. Since then, Aston Martin has formed an indissoluble bond with 007.

Home of the car

Home of the car

  The super-power DB5 prototype tailored for Bond in the film was officially launched in 1963. It follows DB4′ s Superleggera frame structure in shape design, with elegant lines and a sense of strength, and simple and elegant interior design.

 Home of the car

  In terms of power equipment, DB5 is equipped with 4.0L inline 6-cylinder aluminum alloy, with a maximum of 284 horsepower and a maximum of 390N.m With a 5-speed gearbox from ZF, the maximum speed can reach 233 km/h. It was with the enthusiastic response of 007, elegance, luxury and strong power that DB5 sold 1,200 vehicles within two years, even though the price was as high as 4,000 pounds at that time, and this sales figure was much higher than that of previous generations, making it one of the most popular luxury at that time.

 Home of the car

  However, when Bond, played by Sean Connery, saw his new car for the first time in Goldfinger, it was not love at first sight, but when Dr. Q, the chief scientist of MI6, directly announced: "According to M’s order, 007, you will drive this specially modified Aston Martin." At that time, a special DB5 and an unusual 007 chase journey have begun to be staged in a thrilling way.

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

  Dr. Q provided this DB5 with all the devices that a secret agent dreamed of: two 7.6 mm machine guns hidden behind the headlights, a bulletproof baffle placed in the trunk of the car, and an ejection seat for unfriendly passengers. The number plate in front of the car can also be replaced, and even the navigation system was conceived and added in advance by the creator of Bond in 1964.

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

  What deserves special thanks to Aston Martin DB5 is bond girl Mania’s wonderful performance while driving in Goldfinger. Bond’s means to get rid of the tracker are legendary. In the film, an oil blanket with spraying function is hung on the front of the DB5 car, which leads to the Mercedes skidding accident of Orikkin’s minions. In the fourth film "thunderball", DB5 has been modified again, and it can spray water swords from the rear of the car, which hinders two hooligans who are following.

Home of the car

Home of the car

  In addition, a telephone installed inside the car door, several retractable bumpers, a nail spreader, or a hidden weapon compartment under the seat, are all specially made for the agent car DB5. The DB5 model that was once used in Goldfinger was finally taken away by American businessmen for 2.6 million pounds (about 28 million yuan) in 2010.

Home of the car

Home of the car

  Besides being famous on the screen, DB5 was once one of the elements of popular culture. In 1966, Britain personally visited Aston Martin, and the Queen visited the Bond car on display in the factory workshop. The Queen also received an electric car model from the DB5 design room, and this DB5 car model was equipped with all the extra equipment, including an automatic card changer and a cigarette lighter, which eventually became a gift for Prince Andrew.

Home of the car

  It is reported that DB5 will return to the big screen in the 23rd installment of the 007 series "Sky Falling" which will be released in October this year, and what new performances the classic legend in this 007 car will have is expected.

Fill the domestic gap! China’s first group standard for skin micro-ecological cosmetics was released

       Cctv news Recently, the group standard of Microbiology (amplicon Sequencing) (standard number: T/CHCIA0012-2023), which was jointly drafted by Shandong Freda Biological Co., Ltd., Shanghai Universities of Applied Sciences, Air Force Characteristic Medical Center and Ou Shiman Holding Group Co., Ltd., was officially released and implemented after the national group standard information platform was publicized without objection.

  This standard is the first group standard issued and implemented in the field of skin micro-ecological cosmetics evaluation in China, which provides an important standard basis and theoretical support for guiding and standardizing the efficacy evaluation of skin micro-ecological cosmetics.

  As the main drafting unit of the group standard, under the guidance of China Daily Chemical Industry Association, Freda Bio-Co., Ltd. carried the banner of group standard research in the field of skin microecology and took the lead in organizing the whole process from proposal, project establishment, investigation, drafting, soliciting opinions, meeting review to final promulgation and implementation. After several rounds of discussion, review, revision and improvement by the expert group, the standard was officially released on March 13, 2023 and implemented on April 15, 2023. Twenty-nine members of the Standardization Technical Committee of China Daily Chemical Industry Association and experts in the industry participated in the standard audit, and a total of 22 review comments were collected, all of which have been adopted and jointly promoted the standard landing.

  In the field of skin microecology research, Freda Bio-Co., Ltd. has established the first skin care platform of skin microecology science in China and obtained many research results on skin microecology. In the future, based on the research results, the company will continue to introduce guidelines for skin microecological evaluation of cosmetics in different dimensions, which will provide scientific basis and guidance for the development and evaluation of skin microecological cosmetics in the industry and quickly promote the development of skin microecological scientific skin care in China.

  In recent years, the popularity of micro-ecological skin care has continued to rise, and more and more studies have confirmed that skin micro-ecology is closely related to skin health. International and domestic cosmetics have introduced "microecological skin care" products by adding prebiotics, metazoans and other ingredients, and the research on the correlation between skin microecology and skin efficacy continues. Aiming at the claims of improving microecological balance, it is widely recognized to evaluate the efficacy of microecological products by testing the changes of microbial flora before and after using the products, but this testing method lacks clear and unified standards in crowd selection, testing methods and statistical analysis of data.

  The implementation of the group standard "Guidelines for the Evaluation of Cosmetic Skin Microecology (amplicon Sequencing)" will provide an important standard basis and support for the efficacy evaluation and standardization of cosmetic skin microecology. The establishment of this group standard will fill the blank of the lack of guiding principles in the evaluation of skin microecology cosmetics in China, guide cosmetics researchers to adopt reasonable evaluation methods to evaluate the efficacy of skin microecology cosmetics, and make the skin microecology evaluation and corresponding efficacy publicity well-founded.

Eight-character numerology, the great hypothesis of China ancients?

        Early spring of 1967, the second year of the "Cultural Revolution". The 19-year-old Lu Zhi was only in high school for one year, and the school closed and made a revolution. In that crazy era, everything related to traditional culture was dismissed as the "four olds". Depressed but eager to find out the future fate, Lu Zhiji was introduced by a good friend’s mother and came to the home of a fortune teller who lived in an alley at the intersection of Chongqing Road in Huaihai Middle Road, Shanghai. In the depressed years, Lu Zhiji hoped to see a little bit of the future.

        "In the dim light, the old man with silver hair calculated the horoscope for me. At that time, I talked for more than half an hour, and I can’t remember the specific content. But there are two sentences that are deeply imprinted in my mind. He said with a strong Ningbo accent,’ Brother, study hard. Just be 30 years old, and you will go abroad to study in the future. " Lu Zhiji recalled the past 40 years ago to The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) reporter, "Traveling abroad was almost impossible for me at that time. At that time, whether the high school courses could be completed became a problem, not to mention going abroad for further study, and my family had no overseas relations at all. "

        In 1977, the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" ended, and the country resumed the college entrance examination system. In 1978, the enrollment system of the institute was reopened. In this year, Lu Zhiji obtained a master’s degree in Chinese Department of Fudan University with "equivalent academic ability". In 1978, I was just 30 years old, which was an important turning point in my life. Five years later, Lu Zhiji went to the University of Illinois in the United States to study for a doctorate in language.

        "When I was sitting on a plane to the United States and saw the vast ocean from the window, I remembered the words of the old fortune teller. His prediction more than ten years ago was actually realized, which was incredible. How did he calculate it? From this time on, my curiosity about China’s traditional numerology rose in my heart. "After Lu Zhiji went to the United States, he began to study numerology. In 2008, Lu Zhiji completed and was published by Shanghai People’s Publishing House, which completely reviewed the development history of China’s numerology.

Book Seal of Lu Zhiji’s History of China’s Numerology

What is eight-character numerology?

        In ancient China, there were two main schools to study personal destiny through birth time: eight-character numerology and "Ziwei Doushu" fortune-telling technique. The origin of the divination is often related to ancient astronomy, or to ancient astrology. In ancient times, whether in China or in the West, astrology and astronomy were often difficult to distinguish. However, eight-character numerology is not astrology, and Lu Zhiji defined it as a calculation system based on the natural ecological model with Yin-Yang and Five Elements as the core formed in ancient China.

        The ancients used heavenly stems and earthly branches to mark time. Tiangan and Dizhi are referred to as "Ganzhi" for short. According to legend, it was founded by Da Nao’s family in the Yellow Emperor’s era. In Xiao Ji’s "The Five Elements of Righteousness: On the Name of Ganzhi" in the Sui Dynasty, it was recorded that "those who support Ganzhi are established because of the five elements. At the time of Xuanyuan in the past, it was created by Da Nao. " The ancients first used the ten days of "A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui" to mark the day; Use the twelve branches of "Zi, Ugliness, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai" to record the moon. The ancients used the method of matching a heavenly stem and a earthly branch in order to record the date, which is the "dry branch discipline method". Since the least common multiple of the ten-day stem and the twelve-day branch is 60, according to the combination cycle, there are 60 stem-branch combinations from Jiazi to Guihai, which is commonly known as "Sixty-one Jiazi".

        The year, month, day and hour of a person’s birth can be arranged into eight characters according to the discipline of cadres and branches, and the eight characters are also called "four pillars". The so-called "four pillars" take heavenly stems and earthly branches, the year of a person’s birth, as the first pillar, heavenly stems and earthly branches in the month as the second pillar, heavenly stems and earthly branches in the day as the third pillar and heavenly stems and earthly branches in the hour as the fourth pillar. Therefore, China’s traditional numerology calls the method of calculating a person’s life’s fate "Pai birthdates" or "Pai Si Zhu".

        The eight characters are arranged at 7: 00 pm on February 18 this year. This specific time period is: B Wei, E Yin, B Ugly, and C Xu. "If at this time, a newborn was born. When he heard his first cry, his birthdates was: B Wei, E Yin, B Ugly, C Xu. These eight words are the marks of the baby’s birth time. Any time in China tradition (called’ time’ in ancient times) can be expressed by such a combination of heaven and earth, and there is no mysterious color here. " Lu Zhiji said.

        In the field of traditional numerology in China, the "eight characters" in a person’s birth period marked the changing state of the universe at that time, while the ancients believed that everything had natural laws such as "punishment, rushing, merging, transforming" and "five elements interacting with each other". The so-called good or bad fate refers to the interaction between these eight characters, and from this, people’s life can be calculated.

Wuxing shengketu

Where is the basis for the eight-character deduction of fate?

        "It is necessary to talk about the concepts of Qi, Yin and Yang, and Five Elements, which is a unique way of thinking for ancient people in China to understand the world. In the eyes of the ancients in China,’ Qi’ is a subtle substance, which fills the boundless space. It has two states: being and being. The so-called "gas accumulation leads to formation, and gas dispersion leads to death" means that the concrete objects we can see and touch are the relatively stable condensed state of "gas"; The physical object is destroyed and can’t be seen, that is, its’ tangible’ quality has returned to the’ intangible’ gas. In modern terms,’ Qi’ is a kind of hidden energy and the material source of everything in the world. Although we don’t know its specific structure yet, didn’t the atomic theory of ancient Greek philosophers be confirmed after two thousand years? " Lu Zhiji said.

        The root of the change of qi in heaven and earth comes from the power of yin and yang. Lu Zhiji said that the original meaning of "yin and yang" is very simple: "Yang" facing the sun and "Yin" facing away from the sun. "In fact, here has implied the relative relationship between the sun and the earth. Without sun movement, there would be no yin and yang. Without the movement of the sun, there is no way to talk about yin and yang. "

Taiji diagram representing yin and yang

        The interaction of yin and yang produces "five elements"-gold, wood, water, fire and earth. At first, the five elements refer to five indispensable material resources in people’s lives, and later they evolved into the internal attributes and motion states of the five materials. "With the concept of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, the movement of" Qi "is concrete, showing a periodic change movement, which was described by heavenly stems and earthly branches in ancient times. For example: A is a male wood and B is a female wood; C is yang fire, D is yin fire, and so on. The state of Yin and Yang and five elements in each time period can be described by a group of stem and branch structures (eight characters). For example, the New Year’s Eve in this time period: B Wei, E Yin, B Ugly, C Xu, roughly speaking, is composed of two yin trees (B), one yang fire (C) and two yang earth. Therefore,’ fortune telling’ actually begins with calculating the gas field when an individual is born. "

Eight-character numerology forms a vein

        "The traditional numerology, which calculates one’s destiny by the time of birth, began to take shape in the Three Kingdoms period," Lu Zhiji introduced.

        At present, Guan Lu, a warlock of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, is the earliest record about the theory of fate that can be seen from ancient books and documents. "The History of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu" recorded his comments on his own destiny: "I have life’s core monuments in Yin, and I will be born at night with an eclipse of the moon. God bless the constant, you can’t violate it, but people don’t know it. Before and after my death, there were more than 100 people, and there was nothing wrong with it … I died in February next year, at the age of 48. "

        Guan Lu wrote "life’s core monuments is in Yin", which means that he was born in the 15th year of Jian ‘an (209). He calculated his own time limit and predicted the death of more than 100 people, which is basically right. Guan Lu died in 256 at the age of 48.

        The ancient people’s exploration of numerology was not slow. According to the biography of Dai Yang in the Book of Jin, Dai Yang saw Liu Yin, who was guarding Xunyang at that time, and told him not to see guests on Gengyin Day on December 22nd. He also told Liu Yin to take precautions, but Liu Yin didn’t take it seriously and was really killed by Guo Mo on that day. "We can already see the traces of inferring by using the animal year, the fleeting time and the relationship between the cadres and the branches of the days. Cha Liuyin was killed in the fifth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (220 years), and it was only more than 70 years since Guan Lu decided his life," Lu Zhiji said.

        Lu Zhiji believes that in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people have reached a consensus on the concept of destiny. "A large number of historical materials have been recorded, such as the’ Change of River and Yin’ in the Northern Dynasties." "Northern History Sun Shaochuan" records that Sun Shaoshan, who lives in a high position, pushes Lu’s life. One day I went to the early dynasty, but the east gate was not open, and the ministers waited in front of the door. Among many officials, Sun Shao pulled Xin Xiong, a doctor in the official department, aside and secretly told him: "All the people here are looking for death, but I and Qing still enjoy wealth" (everyone here will die, and only you and I can survive and enjoy wealth). Not long after, Hu Taihou of the Northern Wei Dynasty killed Emperor Xiaoming and gave birth to his youngest son, Yuan Zhao. Erzhurong, chieftain of Chihu tribe, used this as a reason to advance eastward, and Luoyang Shoujiang surrendered without fighting. Er Zhurong drowned Hu Taihou and his young emperor in Heyin (present-day Henan) and strangled more than 2,000 officials in the palace of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which is called "the change of Heyin" in history.

        During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were also some numerology works. In Song Lian’s Debate on Lu Ming in the Ming Dynasty, it was pointed out: "Lin Xiaogong has Lu Ming Shu and Tao Hongjing has A Copy of Three Lives". "Tao Hongjing was a man between Qi and Liang in the Southern Dynasties, and Lin Xiaogong was circulated in the History of the North and Sui Shu. Both of them were proficient in Yin and Yang and the Five Elements, but it’s a pity that these two books have long been lost. Due to the lack of literature, although we can be sure that in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were activities of discussing fate in the sense of obedience, it is difficult to investigate what specific methods were used, "Lu Zhiji said.

        During the Sui Dynasty, an important figure appeared in the history of numerology, that is, Xiao Ji, the founder of the Sui Dynasty, was born in the imperial clan of Qi and Liang Dynasties. After four dynasties and fifteen emperors, Xiao Ji was knowledgeable and knowledgeable, especially in yin and yang arithmetic. Xiao Ji’s main contribution lies in his book "Five Elements of Justice", which brings together the classics from pre-Qin to Sui Dynasty, Wei Shu and the ancient books of various schools of thought about the five elements theory and becomes an important document for future generations to understand and study the ancient five elements theory.

        It was in the middle Tang Dynasty that numerology really formed a "model" and entered a new stage. Li Xuzhong is regarded as the first master in the field of numerology. In the first year of Li Xuzhong Tang Dezong, he was a scholar, and later an official went to the temple to advise the history. The epitaph written by Han Yu, a literary giant in the Tang Dynasty, for Li Xuzhong records that "(Virtual Middle School) is young and long, likes learning, and learning is all-pervasive. Deepest than the five-line book. Based on the year, month and day of a person’s life ….. pushing people to be premature, expensive and unfavorable, and never losing one or two. " It can be seen that Li Xuzhong is good at numerology deduction, and his name is heavy for a while.

        "Li Xuzhong’s important contribution is that he created the first theoretical model of numerology. Because of this contribution, later generations regarded him as the originator of traditional numerology. Li Xuzhong’s Book of Destiny defines a basic framework for determining fate, and determines that the starting point for determining fate is based on years, and introduces the concepts of the fifth column’ fetal element’, Nayin Wuxing, Shensha, etc., in addition, it includes’ luck’, which can be divided into Universiade, Small Luck, Starting Luck, and Tai-sui fleeting time. I call this model’ the ancient method model’, which is different from the present one.

        "At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the new numerology model began to show its outstanding head. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was the time when the ancient law model alternated with the new theory of life model in the later period. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the present law model had been formed and occupied the leading position in numerology, "Lu Zhiji introduced.

        Eight-character numerology is also commonly known as "Zi Ping Shu" or "Zi Ping Numerology", which is named after another extremely important figure in the history of numerology-Xu Ziping. When and where Xu Ziping came from is still controversial. It is said that Xu Ziping once lived in seclusion in Huashan with Chen Tuan, a famous Taoist figure. "Through the textual research of historical materials, this kind of rumor may not necessarily conform to the facts. At present, it may be judged that he is a person of the Five Dynasties and the Early Song Dynasty. Xu Ziping’s contribution lies in the creation of a new model framework for numerology analysis, which I called’ Modern Law Model’ in China’s History of Numerology, and the basic framework of this model has been applied to today.

        Li Xuzhong’s ancient law model, including the column of "fetal element", is actually a five-column theory of fate. Xu Ziping canceled this column and began to focus on the daily stem. The point of analysis was moved from the original annual column to the word "the daily stem", and a set of analysis programs was established based on this.

        Lu Zhiji believes that this change from Nianzhu to Rizhu is also a projection of the realistic situation of historical evolution: "Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the China regime has been almost controlled by the aristocratic family, and the aristocratic family has a superior position in all aspects. The so-called’ top-grade cold family, inferior aristocratic family’ is such a portrayal, and personal background is of decisive significance. In numerology,’ Nianzhu’ stands for family origin. This reality is reflected in early numerology, and it is naturally based on’ Nianzhu’. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the gate valve was gradually destroyed, and the imperial examination system made it possible for civilians to enter the official career. Xu Ziping’s modern law model shifted the core of life to the’ Japanese column’ representing personal situation. "

Is the trajectory of life established?

        "Eight-character numerology, in the final analysis, is to find and reveal the corresponding relationship between birth time, life potential and life trajectory of the birth person", Lu Zhiji emphasized: "We should pay attention to an important basic understanding: this corresponding relationship is not decisive, but only a probabilistic correlation, which is the result of a lot of observation, experience and statistics. There are many factors that affect a person’s growth and development, both innate and acquired. A person’s life course is closely related to his acquired environment: family, education, social politics and economic system. "

        Lu Zhiji made an analogy with a moving car: Life seems to be a new car, and its specific performance and structure have been determined when it leaves the factory. For the individual’s "life", there is also "luck". "Yun" is the road the car will travel. The car running on the road is the interaction between fate and luck. In the eyes of the ancients, it is the interaction between fate and luck, showing a colorful trajectory of life ups and downs.

        "Eight-character numerology is developed into a system to describe this correspondence under the thinking mode of the ancient theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, and there is no mystery. If this correspondence is exaggerated as a decisive relationship, it will lead to a fatalistic view, but it will lead numerology astray. Therefore, it is expected that the prediction of numerology will be accurate, which is either a commercial banner to set up a fortune teller to attract business, or an idiot’s dream. "Lu Zhiji said that the ancients in China were not so superstitious.

        Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote in "On the Balance of Life and Righteousness": "Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng suffered disasters on the same day, and the people of the four countries will have people who have prospered but have not declined. However, all disasters will bring disaster to the country. The life of the country is better than life, and life expectancy is better than life. " That is to say, the four countries of Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng suffered disasters on the same day. Are all the people of the four countries in bad luck? Obviously impossible, when the national destiny that dominates the big environment comes into play, the rise and fall of personal destiny is completely meaningless.

        There are many people born at the same time in the same year, the same month and the same day in the world. Are their fates exactly the same? This is the most common question people have about horoscope fortune telling. Lu Zhiji said that Wan Mingying, the author of the Ming Dynasty numerology masterpiece "Three Fates Meeting", answered this question. "There are indeed differences. Wan Mingying collected a large number of life cases born at the same time for comparison. For example, officials born at the same time not only have different official positions, but also have different time and way of death."

        "So Liang Xiangrun, a modern numerologist, wrote in A Brief History of Life that numerology only has a probability of 60% to 70%." Lu Zhiji said: "The space-time structure of human birth is related to life information, which is a great hypothesis of Chinese ancestors. The rational exploration of numerology in the past two thousand years is essentially an empirical study of this hypothesis. Traditional numerology has existed in folk culture for a long time, and it lacks systematic arrangement. In the process of development, it is inevitable to mix with some mysterious veil of superstition and deception methods of charlatans. Because of this, it is very important to reorganize the spiritual blood of our own ancient culture. "       

Do you need to be explicit when using prefabricated dishes? The reporter visited a number of catering enterprises, and the General Administration of Market Supervision responded in this way.

  For the first time at the national level, the scope of prefabricated dishes was defined, but the controversy about prefabricated dishes continued.

  Recently, green tea restaurants, old aunts, old ducks and other stores have been exposed by the media to use prefabricated dishes, but they have not made it clear to consumers. The reporter from Nandu Bay Finance Society contacted a number of involved stores in Hangzhou. The green tea restaurant said that it had removed the prefabricated dishes from the store. The old aunt responded that only some dishes used prefabricated dishes, but the old duck set did not respond.

  Do catering enterprises use prefabricated dishes, and if they use prefabricated dishes, will they make it clear to consumers? () The relevant person in charge responded that the dishes in Guangzhou restaurant are all fresh and fried, and no prefabricated dishes are used; The person in charge of Guangzhou Lianxianglou Co., Ltd. said that the store did not use prefabricated dishes, so it did not make a corresponding express statement; A number of green tea stores in Guangzhou said that the company’s headquarters has carried out research work on the regulations related to prefabricated dishes recently introduced. If prefabricated dishes are used in the future, it will be made clear to customers and indicated on the menu.

  Green tea restaurant, old uncle, old duck collection

  I used prepared dishes, but said the menu would not be clear.

  With the introduction of the new regulations, will catering enterprises clearly indicate the use of prefabricated dishes to consumers? According to Zhejiang Satellite TV, on March 21, the reporter followed the market supervision department to investigate the kitchen of the "old uncle" restaurant in Hangzhou. The staff of the three West Lake Plaza stores, namely, the old uncle, the green tea restaurant and the old duck restaurant, all said that the menu would not indicate the prepared dishes, and the restaurant would not take the initiative to tell customers whether the prepared dishes were used.

  The above-mentioned names are all well-known catering enterprises.

  Old uncle is a Chinese fast food brand, which was listed on the New Third Board on February 22 this year. By the first half of 2023, old uncle had 402 stores. In the first half of 2023, his revenue was 800 million yuan and his net profit was 45.0366 million yuan.

  Green tea restaurant focuses on Chinese fusion dishes. From 2021 to 2022, it went public in Hong Kong for three times, but it ended in failure. By 2021, there were 236 green tea stores. In 2021, green tea revenue was 2.293 billion yuan and net profit was 114 million yuan.

  The old duck collection is a new brand launched by grandma’s family in 2020, focusing on Hangzhou old duck pot. As of March 2 this year, there are 24 stores in the old duck collection, which are concentrated in Zhejiang Province.

  On March 22nd, the staff of West Lake Plaza, a green tea restaurant, responded to the reporter from Nandu Bay Finance Agency that the prefabricated dishes had been removed from the shelves, and the staff said that they would give feedback to the company on how to make the prefabricated dishes clear to consumers, and the follow-up would be improved; On March 23, the staff of the old aunt’s West Lake Plaza store told the reporter of Nandu Bay Finance Society that only some dishes in the store were prefabricated dishes; On the same day, the reporter of Nandu Bay Finance Society called the old duck set West Lake Plaza store several times, but the phone could not be dialed.

  Many catering enterprises in Guangzhou deny the use of prefabricated dishes.

  Green tea Guangzhou store said that if prefabricated dishes are used, they will be marked.

  How about the use of prepared dishes in catering enterprises in Guangzhou? If the dishes are prepared, will they be marked on the menu? The reporter from Nandu Bay Finance Society visited many stores of green tea catering in Guangzhou.

  The manager of Lefeng Square Store of Green Tea said that there are no dishes served directly by heating in the store, but the sauces or ingredients needed for some dishes will be prepared in advance. The person in charge of the store in Mayflower Square, a green tea restaurant, said that the store did not use prefabricated dishes. For the media exposure of the dish of green tea in Zhejiang store, the kitchen used prefabricated dishes. The person in charge said that his store did not have this dish. "There may be different dishes in different regions."

  If pre-cooked dishes are used, will it be made clear to customers? The person in charge of several stores of green tea catering said that the company headquarters has carried out research work on the regulations related to prefabricated dishes recently introduced. If prefabricated dishes are used in the future, it will be clearly indicated to customers and indicated on the menu, and it will be improved according to the store’s own situation.

  In addition, the relevant person in charge of Guangzhou Restaurant said in an interview with Nandu Bay Finance Agency that the dishes in Guangzhou Restaurant are all fresh and fried, and no prefabricated dishes are used; The person in charge of Guangzhou Lianxianglou Co., Ltd. said that the store did not use prefabricated dishes, so it did not make a corresponding express statement. As of press time, Cai Lan Hong Kong-style Dim Sum and Guangzhou Time-honored Investment Holding Co., Ltd. did not reply.

  General administration of market supervision

  Expect catering businesses to publicize the use of prefabricated dishes.

  If catering enterprises use prefabricated dishes, do they have to make it clear to consumers?

  On the evening of March 21st, the State Administration of Market Supervision, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, and the National Health and Wellness Commission jointly issued the Notice on Strengthening the Safety Supervision of Prepared Vegetables to Promote the High-quality Development of the Industry (hereinafter referred to as the Notice).

  According to WeChat official account, the official of "City Talk", the person in charge of the relevant departments of the General Administration of Market Supervision said that promoting the use of prepared dishes in catering is an important measure to protect consumers’ right to know and choose, and to respond to social concerns. At present, consumers are generally concerned about the use of prefabricated dishes in catering, and expect catering businesses to publicize the use of prefabricated dishes.

  After the release of the Notice of the six departments,

  Pre-cooked dish concept stocks opened actively.

  In the secondary market, the concept stocks of prefabricated vegetables were active at the opening, but they opened higher and went lower. According to the data, as of the close of March 22nd, the concept board of A-share pre-cooked dishes fell by 1.57% as a whole, of which () rose by 2.84%, and (), () and () followed, while (), (), Guangzhou Restaurant, () and New Hope fell, and () closed down by 4.66%.

  It is worth noting that the pork concept stocks closed down by 2.5%, but () was the daily limit at the opening, and rose by 5.81% at the close of the day. (), () and other stocks fell.

  observe

  The development challenges of the prefabricated vegetable industry include

  People are worried about adding preservatives to prefabricated vegetables.

  Looking back on 2023, the development of the prefabricated vegetable industry was accompanied by controversy. In February 2023, "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Doing a Good Job in Promoting Rural Revitalization in 2023" was released, which clearly stated that "cultivating and developing prefabricated dishes."

  Under the background of the country’s strong support for the prefabricated vegetable industry, some consumers are worried about the safety of prefabricated vegetables. In September last year, Nandu reported that on social platforms, many parents explicitly opposed the introduction of prepared dishes into the campus. Some parents would send meals to their children at noon, saying that "a prepared dish doesn’t want children to eat", and some parents wondered, what is a prepared dish?

  In November of the same year, Ma Yun was introduced into the field of prefabricated vegetables after the storm of prefabricated vegetables entering the campus. Although Chen Wei, a former assistant of Ma Yun, denied the rumor, on the day of the news, the concept plate of A-share prefabricated vegetables ushered in a sharp rise, which proved that the prefabricated vegetable industry had attracted much attention in the capital market.

  For this reason, on March 21, six departments issued the Notice. Among them, the person in charge of the relevant departments of the General Administration of Market Supervision pointed out that the challenges faced by the prefabricated vegetable industry include people’s worries about adding preservatives to prefabricated vegetables and inconsistent standards.

  How to make consumers eat healthily and feel at ease? The person in charge said that it is more in line with consumers’ expectations to stipulate that no preservatives are added to prefabricated dishes. At the same time, it is necessary to promote the use of prefabricated dishes in catering to protect consumers’ right to know and choose.

  Merchants need to answer truthfully.

  Consumer inquiries about goods

  Li Xiaoyi, head of the e-commerce legal department of Shanghai Landy (Guangzhou) Law Firm, told Nandu Bay Finance Society that whether restaurants should voluntarily disclose whether they use pre-cooked dishes is related to consumers’ right to know and choose.

  Li Xiaoyi said that the provisions of the existing laws on consumers’ right to know and choose are mainly in the Consumer Protection Law and the Implementation Regulations. The provisions on the right to know in the Consumer Protection Law generally stipulate that consumers have the right to know the real situation of the goods they buy and use, and may require operators to provide information related to the service content. According to this article, it can be seen that the law is not detailed enough to stipulate whether merchants must disclose whether they use prepared dishes, but it requires merchants to truthfully answer consumers’ inquiries about the contents of goods or services. In other words, if the consumer explicitly asks whether the dishes made by the merchant are pre-cooked, the merchant needs to give a true and clear reply, otherwise it will be suspected of infringing on the consumer’s right to know, choice and even false propaganda.

  Li Xiaoyi said that Article 9 of the Regulations on the Implementation of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, which was recently promulgated but implemented on July 1, 2024, also made it clear that operators should provide consumers with real and comprehensive information about goods or services in an easy-to-understand way. More about whether the catering industry needs to disclose specific services, we should look back at the current industry standards or norms. "In this case, if consumers care about this issue, they can ask the merchants in advance before consumption, take the initiative to understand the dishes and make a choice."

  Cheng Gang, Secretary-General of Guangdong Catering Service Industry Association, told Nandu Wancaishe that at present, this is not a mandatory requirement, and some catering enterprises are also confused about how to inform them. Next, the relevant state departments should also make specific explanations on this piece. "I think the Notice has its progress, but I think it is far from being mandatory now. Now we are in a transitional period and exploratory period, and we need to reach a consensus before we can have further requirements for enterprises at the legal level. "

  The definition of prefabricated dishes still needs further popular science education.

  The standard system of prefabricated vegetables should be further improved.

  The Notice mentioned that "prepared dishes are also called prepared dishes". Cheng Gang said that this definition was first put forward by Guangdong, focusing on the word "dish". Prepared dishes are both a dish and a delicacy. The reporter of Nandu Bay Finance Society noticed that in addition to the clear definition of prefabricated dishes, the Notice also excluded staple foods and dishes made by the central kitchen from the scope of prefabricated dishes by way of examples, such as quick-frozen noodle rice food, convenience food, box lunch, and mixed rice.

  Cheng Gang said that the "Notice" puts more emphasis on the content of "what is not a prepared dish". According to the standard, what businesses are encouraged to express is actually the packaged prefabricated vegetables produced by SC factory, while the central kitchen processing of catering enterprises is actually called pre-processing. "SC factory and central kitchen are two different types of production units. The former can be simply understood as a food processing enterprise, which can be oriented to C-end, with retail channels and circulation, but the latter belongs to internal circulation without external channels, that is to say, the central kitchen can only be circulated to subordinate stores of catering enterprises. The central kitchen has two large branches, social catering and group catering. "

  However, if the central kitchen uses prefabricated dishes, how should this be defined? If catering enterprises use prefabricated dishes and carry out secondary processing, is it still a prefabricated dish? Or maybe the prefabricated dishes just play the role of an auxiliary material. How should the corresponding dishes be classified? Regarding the above-mentioned problems, Cheng Gang said that the promulgation of the Notice is very timely, but it is also necessary to continue to optimize the definition of the prepared dish system, and then it should be further clarified.

  "In the industry, the distribution of chain restaurants is actually in the form of internal circulation. In fact, this has existed for a long time and is the normal operation mode for catering enterprises to ensure food safety and the stability of production technology standards." Cheng Gang said that in his view, in fact, many catering enterprises do not use prefabricated dishes, but the popular science about the definition of prefabricated dishes is not well popularized, and merchants have no clear concept about it.

  Cheng Gang said that the promulgation of the "Notice" is definitely beneficial to the long-term development of the pre-cooked dish industry, because it will exclude some enterprises that are not in the category of pre-cooked dishes. He believes that it is necessary to further carry out special research, formulate a more scientific and accurate standard system, and draw a reasonable line between prefabricated dishes and on-site cooking when such packaged foods at the C end are applied in catering.

  Cheng Gang emphasized that the initial intention of developing the pre-cooked vegetable industry is to solve the problem of extending the space-time radius of agricultural products, extend their life cycle, expand their sales radius, and even help rural revitalization. "Before, parents were worried about the insecurity of prefabricated dishes, but we stressed that prefabricated dishes were produced in accordance with the food safety standards of the food industry for production enterprises, and the standards were higher than those of the catering industry, so I think prefabricated dishes are safer. For example, the incident of withholding meat from plum vegetables at the 3.15 party was actually the fault of some manufacturers, so we cannot deny the prefabricated vegetable industry. "

Countdown Love You: A two-way fantasy romance, and Chen Feiyu Week also fights against fate.

 Countdown Love You doesn’t have the complicated setting of "crossing through" and "parallel time and space" and the narrative structure of "Mobius ring" like I want to see you, and it doesn’t have the sad tears like The Story More Sad than Sadness, but it arouses the emotional resonance of the audience through the fantasy love story of a couple crossing in two directions.

The reason why these three films are compared is that they have a common name behind the scenes: Lin Xiaoqian. As a post-80s director of Taiwan, China who is good at directing romantic films, The Story More Sad than Sadness directed by Lin Xiaoqian and I Want to See You, both of which have achieved good box office results in China in recent years.

Countdown Love You, as a heavy romantic film in May 1st this year, also attracts people’s attention. In the film, Chen Feiyu and Zhou also played the roles of hero and heroine who made unremitting efforts and sacrifices to fight against fate and save their lovers, which was touching. This pair of first-time screen couples CP also won the audience’s affirmation.

In Chinese and foreign film and television works, the characters’ identity dislocation is caused by the hero and heroine traveling back to the past, which leads to strong drama conflict and emotional memory, and it is not uncommon to create jokes, tears or suspense colors.

For the time being, only in recent years, there are representative works such as Riding the Wind and Waves, goodbye mr. loser, Hi, Mom, Hello, Brother, I Want to See You, all of which are high-grossing films, which shows the audience’s love for this kind of films.

Countdown Love You tells the story that Gu Yuxuan, the hero played by Chen Feiyu, and Han Shuyan, the heroine played by Zhou Ye, are childhood friends. After many years of reunion, they fell in love with each other and fell in love with each other. Unexpectedly, in the face of fate, they traveled back to the past in an attempt to save each other’s lives.

The biggest difference between this film and most previous time-travel movies is the setting of two-way travel. It is no longer a unilateral crossing of the hero or heroine, but a two-way crossing. The time to travel back to the past is not long from the present, and it is impossible to cause the dislocation of the identity of the characters, but the sense of powerlessness that is difficult to change the fate of the lover is even stronger.

Time-travel films usually have an event or prop that triggers back time. Hi, Mom and Braving the Wind and Waves were both triggered by car accidents. goodbye mr. loser is a dream that Charlotte had on the toilet after drinking, and the crossing prop of Hello, Brother is a special ring. Countdown Love You is a birthday candle left by my mother to the hero Gu Yuxuan.

This kind of crossing props is unique and meaningful. Candle is not only the love left by Gu Yuxuan by his dead mother, but also represents Gu Yuxuan’s desperate love to save his girlfriend, which means love and dedication. It is called "and the silk-worms of spring will weave until they die, and every night the candles will weep their wicks away".

Not only that, the careful audience will also find that all the scenes about time passing through the cycle in the film have the image of candles. Whether it is the candle on the dining table or the candle pattern on the carpet, it is naturally integrated into the narrative picture.

The fantasy setting of the hero and heroine’s two-way crossing enhances the appreciation of Countdown Love You, but the most touching and emotional resonance of the film lies in the unremitting efforts and sacrifices of the hero Gu Yuxuan and the heroine Han Shuyan to fight their fate and save their lovers, and the double cherish of their love after crossing back to the past.

In the film, the mysterious grandfather who lives in a strange hut in a maze of concrete columns tells Gu Yuxuan that some things are predestined and hard to change. Sure enough, shortly afterwards, Han Shuyan had an accident on her way back after quarreling with Gu Yuxuan.

In order to save his girlfriend and fight his fate, Gu Yuxuan crossed back to the morning of the accident with the help of birthday candles left by his mother, so that everything could start all over again. But after several attempts, no matter how hard he tried, tragedy was inevitable. In the end, he spared no effort to protect his girlfriend with his life, and finally changed his girlfriend’s fate.

After being rescued, Han Shuyan learned from Gu Yuxuan’s friends that her boyfriend had traveled back to the past several times to save her. After she calmed down, she began to think of ways to travel back to before they met. She risked her life in the home where Gu Yuxuan lived as a child and found a birthday candle that could trigger crossing …

Can Han Shuyan finally save Gu Yuxuan? If it can be saved, what kind of huge price will she pay for it? You will know after watching the film.

In the process of crossing back to the past to save each other, the strong love that the couple showed for each other at all costs was the most touching love. Among them, after several efforts to understand that it is difficult to save his girlfriend, the scene of Gu Yuxuan proposing to her romantically in advance can arouse emotional resonance.

In real life, many people will not only try their best to treat their loved ones, lovers or friends who are terminally ill and have little time, but also cherish the present time. The experience of Gu Yuxuan in the film is empathetic.

Although the main stars of Countdown Love You are all young actors, both their image temperament and acting skills are in line with the role. Chen Feiyu and Zhou, the two leading stars, are also the first screen lovers to play together, but they have no sense of disobedience.

Chen Feiyu’s tall and handsome appearance and clear and firm eyes will make people feel good, and he also believes that Gu Yuxuan, who he plays, can protect his beloved girlfriend to the death. In the film, he said, "You like blind box dolls, so I became a designer. I like sweets, so you became a cake maker. It’s impressive.

In Better Days, Zhou also played the villain Wei Lai, a bad girl who bullied her classmates. With her excellent performance, she was not only deeply remembered by many audiences, but also won the Golden Rooster Award and the Hundred Flowers Award nomination for best supporting actress.

This time, she plays the heroine Han Shuyan in Countdown Love You. She is a pure and kind-hearted beautiful girl. At first, she was worried about whether she could get out of the preconceived impression left by Wei Lai. After reading it, I found that Zhou was also fully qualified for the role, especially the crying scene in the film, which showed her good acting skills.

In addition, Xiaotang Zhao’s female No.2 online celebrity Li Yu and Sun Tianyu’s male No.2 Jiang Taiqi also left a deep impression. They experienced the emotional drama of marriage, breakup and reconciliation, which just complemented Gu Yuxuan’s love with Han Shuyan.

Countdown Love You, with fantasy as the shell, love as the core and fate as the connotation, is romantic and grounded, but dreamy and real, and it is a good fantasy love commercial film.

China’s national defense in the new era.

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 24th, the State Council Press Office published a white paper entitled "China’s National Defense in the New Era" on July 24th. The full text is as follows:

  China’s national defense in the new era.

  People’s Republic of China (PRC)

  the State Council Information Office

  (July 2019)

  catalogue

  foreword

  I. International security situation

  Second, China’s defensive national defense policy in the new era

  Third, fulfill the mission of the army in the new era

  Fourth, China’s national defense and army in reform.

  V. Reasonable and moderate defense expenditure

  Sixth, actively serve and build a community of human destiny

  Concluding remarks

  foreword

  In today’s world, mankind has increasingly become a community of destiny with mixed interests, safety and common prosperity. Today, China is in the critical stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way and starting a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.

  In order to declare China’s defensive national defense policy in the new era, introduce China’s practice, purpose and significance of building a consolidated national defense and a strong army, and enhance the international community’s understanding of China’s national defense, the China government published a white paper entitled "China’s National Defense in the New Era".

  I. International security situation

  Today, the world is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. World multipolarization, economic globalization, social informationization and cultural diversity are developing in depth. The trend of the times of peace, development, cooperation and win-win is irreversible, but the instability and uncertainty facing international security are more prominent, and the world is not peaceful.

  The international strategic pattern has undergone profound evolution.

  The international forces have accelerated the division and combination, the strength of emerging market countries and developing countries has continued to rise, and the strategic forces have become more balanced. Promoting peace, stability and development have become the universal demands of the international community, and the rise of peace forces far exceeds the growth of war factors. However, hegemonism, power politics and unilateralism have risen from time to time, regional conflicts and local wars have continued, and the international security system and order have been impacted.

  International strategic competition is on the rise. The United States has adjusted its national security strategy and national defense strategy, pursued a unilateralist policy, provoked and intensified competition among major powers, substantially increased military spending, accelerated the upgrading of its capabilities in the fields of nuclear, space, network and missile defense, and undermined global strategic stability. NATO continued to expand its membership, strengthened its military deployment in Central and Eastern Europe and held frequent military exercises. Russia strengthens its nuclear and non-nuclear strategic containment capabilities and strives to safeguard its strategic security space and its own interests. The tendency of the EU to independently safeguard its own security has increased, and the integration of security and defense has been accelerated.

  Global and regional security issues continue to increase. International arms control and disarmament have suffered setbacks, and the trend of arms race has emerged. The situation of preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction is complicated, and the international non-proliferation mechanism is endangered by pragmatism and double standards and faces new challenges. Extremism and terrorism continue to spread, and non-traditional security threats such as cyber security, bio-security and piracy are increasingly prominent. There have been twists and turns in the settlement of the Iranian nuclear issue, and the political settlement of the Syrian issue still faces difficulties. The integration, relevance and interactivity of national security are constantly increasing, and no country can deal with it independently or be immune to it.

  The security situation in the Asia-Pacific region is generally stable.

  The awareness of the community of destiny of Asia-Pacific countries has increased, and handling differences and disputes through dialogue and consultation has become the main policy orientation, promoting the region to become a stable plate in the global pattern. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization builds a constructive partnership of non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting at third parties, expands cooperation in the field of defense and security, and creates a new model of regional security cooperation. The China-ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Informal Meeting and the ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Expansion Meeting have played an active role in promoting mutual trust by strengthening military exchanges and cooperation. The situation in the South China Sea has stabilized and improved, and countries in the region have properly managed risk differences. Cooperation in regional and national anti-terrorism coordination mechanisms has been deepened. A balanced, stable, open and inclusive security architecture with Asian characteristics is constantly developing.

  The focus of the world economy and strategy continues to shift to the Asia-Pacific region, which has become the focus of the big country game, bringing uncertainty to regional security. The United States has strengthened its military alliance in the Asia-Pacific region, increased its military deployment and intervention, and added complicated factors to Asia-Pacific security. The deployment of the "Sade" anti-missile system by the United States in South Korea has seriously undermined the regional strategic balance and seriously damaged the strategic security interests of regional countries. Japan adjusted its military security policy, increased investment, sought to break through the "post-war system", and its military extroversion was enhanced. Australia continues to consolidate its military alliance with the United States and strengthen its military participation in the Asia-Pacific region in an attempt to play a greater role in security affairs.

  Regional hot spots and controversial issues still exist. The situation on the Korean peninsula has eased, but there are still uncertainties. The situation in South Asia is generally stable, but conflicts between India and Pakistan occur from time to time, and political reconciliation and reconstruction in Afghanistan are difficult to advance. Disputes over territorial and maritime rights and interests among some countries, ethnic and religious contradictions and other issues still exist, and hot issues of regional security arise from time to time.

  The risks and challenges facing national security cannot be ignored.

  China continues to maintain a good situation of political stability, national unity and social stability, and its comprehensive national strength, international influence and ability to resist risks have been significantly enhanced. It is still in an important period of strategic opportunities for development, and at the same time, it faces multiple and complex security threats and challenges.

  The situation of the anti-secession struggle is even more severe. The Democratic Progressive Party authorities stubbornly adhere to the "Taiwan independence" separatist stance, refuse to recognize the "1992 Consensus" which embodies the one-China principle, step up the implementation of "de-China" and "gradual Taiwan independence", and attempt to promote "legal Taiwan independence", strengthen hostile confrontation, and rely on foreign self-respect to go further and further on the road of secession. The "Taiwan independence" separatist forces and their activities have always been the biggest real threat to peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the biggest obstacle to the peaceful reunification of the motherland. Foreign separatist forces such as "Tibet independence" and "East Turkistan" have frequent activities, which pose a threat to national security and social stability.

  Homeland security is still threatened, land boundary disputes have not been completely resolved, island territorial issues and maritime delimitation disputes still exist, and ships and aircraft from some foreign countries frequently carry out close reconnaissance on China, and illegally invade China’s territorial waters and the sea and airspace adjacent to relevant islands and reefs for many times, endangering China’s national security.

  China’s overseas interests are threatened by international and regional turmoil, terrorism, piracy and other real threats, and its overseas institutions, overseas enterprises and personnel have been attacked many times. The threat of space and network security is increasingly apparent, and the harm of non-traditional security issues such as natural disasters and major epidemics is rising.

  International military competition is becoming increasingly fierce.

  Major countries in the world have adjusted their security and military strategies, adjusted their military organizational forms, developed new combat forces, and seized the commanding heights of military competition strategy. The United States carries out military technology and system innovation to seek absolute military superiority. Russia has further promoted the "new look" military reform, and Britain, France, Germany, Japan, India and other countries are adjusting and optimizing their military power systems.

  Driven by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, big data, cloud computing and Internet of Things have been applied to the military field at an accelerated pace, and the international military competition pattern is undergoing historic changes. With the rapid development of military high-tech with information technology as the core, the trend of remote precision, intelligence, stealth and unmanned weapons and equipment is more obvious, and the war form is accelerating to evolve into information war, and intelligent war is beginning to emerge.

  Significant progress has been made in the military reform with China characteristics, but the task of mechanization construction has not been completed yet, and the level of informatization needs to be improved urgently. Military security is at risk of technical surprise and the gap between military modernization and national security needs is still far behind, and there is still a big gap between the level of military modernization and the advanced military level in the world.

  Second, China’s defensive national defense policy in the new era

  China’s nature as a socialist country, its strategic choice of taking the road of peaceful development, its independent foreign policy of peace and the Chinese cultural tradition of "harmony is the most important thing" determine that China will always pursue a defensive national defense policy.

  Resolutely defend national sovereignty, security and development interests.

  This is the fundamental goal of China’s national defense in the new era.

  Deter and resist aggression, safeguard national political security, people’s safety and social stability, oppose and contain "Taiwan independence", crack down on separatist forces such as "Tibet independence" and "East Turkistan", and safeguard national sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity and security. Safeguard national maritime rights and interests, safeguard national security interests in space, electromagnetism and cyberspace, safeguard national overseas interests and support national sustainable development.

  China firmly upholds national sovereignty and territorial integrity. The South China Sea Islands, Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands are China’s inherent territory. China’s infrastructure construction in the South Island Reef, deployment of necessary defensive forces and cruising in the Diaoyu Islands waters in the East China Sea are the exercise of national sovereignty according to law. China is committed to resolving relevant disputes through negotiation and consultation with the countries directly concerned on the basis of respecting historical facts and international law. China insists on maintaining peace and stability together with countries in the region, firmly safeguarding the freedom of navigation and overflight enjoyed by all countries in accordance with international law, and safeguarding the safety of sea lanes.

  Solving the Taiwan Province question and realizing the complete reunification of the country are the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation and the inevitable requirement for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. China adheres to the principle of "peaceful reunification and one country, two systems", promotes the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and the process of China’s peaceful reunification, and resolutely opposes all attempts and acts to split China and any foreign interference. China must and must be unified. China has firm determination and strong ability to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and will never allow anyone, any organization or any political party to split any piece of China territory from China at any time and in any form. We don’t promise to give up the use of force, but reserve the option of taking all necessary measures. We are targeting at the interference of external forces and a handful of "Taiwan independence" separatists and their separatist activities, and we are definitely not targeting Taiwan Province compatriots. If someone wants to split Taiwan Province from China, China’s army will resolutely defeat it at all costs and defend national unity.

  Insist on never seeking hegemony, never expanding and never seeking sphere of influence.

  This is a distinctive feature of China’s national defense in the new era.

  Although the country is big, belligerence will die. The Chinese nation has always loved peace. In modern times, the people of China have suffered from aggression and war. They deeply feel the preciousness of peace and the urgency of development, and they will never impose their tragic experiences on others. In the 70 years since the founding of New China, China has never initiated any war or conflict. Since the reform and opening-up, China has devoted itself to promoting world peace and has taken the initiative to reduce the number of military personnel by more than 4 million. China’s development from poverty to weakness into the second largest economy in the world is not due to charity from others, let alone military expansion and colonial plunder, but to the hard work of the people and the maintenance of peace. China not only creates favorable conditions for its own development by safeguarding world peace, but also promotes world peace through its own development. It sincerely hopes that all countries will choose the path of peaceful development and jointly prevent conflicts and wars.

  China insists on developing friendly cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, respects the right of people of all countries to choose their own development path, advocates solving international disputes through equal dialogue, negotiation and consultation, and opposes interference in other countries’ internal affairs, bullying and imposing their will on others. China insists on partnership and non-alignment, does not join any military group, opposes aggression and expansion, and opposes the frequent use or threat of force. China’s national defense construction and development has always focused on meeting the legitimate needs of its own security and has always been the growth of world peace forces. History has proved, and will continue to prove, that China will never follow the old road of pursuing hegemony and "national power will dominate". No matter where it develops in the future, China will not threaten anyone and will not seek to establish a sphere of influence.

  Implement the military strategic policy in the new era

  This is the strategic guidance for China’s national defense in the new era.

  The military strategic policy in the new era adheres to the principles of defense, self-defense and taking the initiative after the enemy strikes, implements active defense, adheres to the principle that "people will not attack me, and if they attack me, I will attack", and emphasizes the unity of containing wars and winning wars, and emphasizes the unity of strategic defense and offensive in campaigns and battles.

  Implement the military strategic policy in the new era, obey the overall strategic situation of serving the party and the country, implement the overall national security concept, strengthen the sense of hardship, crisis and war, actively adapt to the new pattern of strategic competition, the new demand of national security and the new form of modern warfare, and effectively fulfill the military mission and tasks in the new era. According to the security threats facing the country, we should make solid preparations for military struggle, comprehensively improve the ability to prepare for war in the new era, and build a balanced and stable military strategic layout in the new era based on defense, multi-domain planning. Adhere to the national defense of the whole people, innovate the strategy, tactics and content of the people’s war, and give full play to the overall power of the people’s war.

  China has always pursued a nuclear policy of not being the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances, and unconditionally not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States and nuclear-weapon-free zones. It advocates the ultimate complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons, will not engage in a nuclear arms race with any country, and will always maintain its nuclear power at the lowest level required by national security. China adheres to the strategy of self-defense and nuclear defense, with the aim of deterring other countries from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against China and ensuring national strategic security.

  Adhere to the road of strengthening the army with China characteristics

  This is the development path of China’s national defense in the new era.

  Building a strong national defense and a strong army commensurate with international status and national security and development interests is the strategic task of China’s socialist modernization, the security guarantee for adhering to the road of peaceful development and the inevitable choice for summing up historical experience.

  In the new era, China’s national defense and army building will thoroughly implement the supreme leader’s military strategic thought, adhere to the political army building, reform and strengthen the army, strengthen the army through science and technology, and govern the army according to law, focus on fighting and winning battles, promote the integration and development of mechanization and informationization, accelerate the development of military intelligence, build a modern military force system with China characteristics, improve and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s military system, and constantly improve its ability to fulfill its mission in the new era.

  In the new era, the strategic goal of China’s national defense and army building is to basically realize mechanization by 2020, make significant progress in information construction, and greatly enhance its strategic capabilities. In line with the process of national modernization, we will comprehensively promote the modernization of military theory, military organization, military personnel and weapons and equipment, strive to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and build the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way by the middle of this century.

  Serve and build a community of human destiny

  This is the world significance of China’s national defense in the new era.

  The dreams of the people of China are closely linked with those of the people of the world. A peaceful, stable and prosperous China is an opportunity and a blessing for the world. A strong China army is a staunch force for maintaining world peace and stability and serving to build a community of human destiny.

  China’s armed forces adhere to the common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security concept, uphold the correct concept of justice and interests, actively participate in the reform of the global security governance system, deepen bilateral and multilateral security cooperation, promote coordination, tolerance and complementary cooperation among different security mechanisms, and create a security pattern of equality, mutual trust, fairness and justice, and joint construction and sharing.

  China’s military adheres to its international responsibilities and obligations, always holds high the banner of win-win cooperation, provides more public safety products to the international community within its capacity, actively participates in international peacekeeping, maritime escort, humanitarian relief and other actions, strengthens international arms control and non-proliferation cooperation, constructively participates in the political settlement of hot issues, jointly safeguards the safety of international passages, works together to meet global challenges such as terrorism, cyber security and major natural disasters, and actively contributes to building a community of human destiny.

  Third, fulfill the mission of the army in the new era

  In the new era, China’s army has resolutely fulfilled the mission entrusted by the Party and the people according to the strategic requirements of national security and development, and provided strategic support for consolidating the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and socialist system, defending national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, safeguarding national overseas interests and promoting world peace and development.

  Safeguard the country’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests

  With a land border of more than 22,000 kilometers and a coastline of more than 18,000 kilometers, China is one of the countries with the largest number of neighboring countries, the longest land border and a very complicated maritime security environment. The task of safeguarding territorial sovereignty, maritime rights and interests and national unity is arduous and arduous.

  China’s armed forces strictly guard against all kinds of encroachment, infiltration, destruction and harassment activities, and safeguard the security and stability of border defense. China has signed border defense cooperation agreements with nine neighboring countries, established a meeting mechanism for border defense talks with 12 countries, established a three-level foreign exchange mechanism for the Ministry of National Defense, war zones and border defense forces, and regularly carried out friendly exchange visits, working talks, joint patrol duty and joint drills to combat cross-border crimes. Carry out border disarmament compliance with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan. Strengthen the border defense in the direction of China and India, and take effective measures to create favorable conditions for the peaceful settlement of the confrontation between Dong Lang and Lang. Strengthen border control between China and Afghanistan to prevent the infiltration of terrorists. Strengthen security control in the direction of China and Myanmar, and maintain peace and people’s safety in border areas. Since 2012, China’s border guards have conducted more than 3,300 joint patrols and held more than 8,100 border defense meetings with neighboring countries. About 58 square kilometers of border mines have been cleared in the direction of China, Vietnam and Myanmar, and about 25 square kilometers of minefields have been enclosed, and about 170,000 explosives such as mines have been removed.

  Organize the vigilance and defense of important sea areas and islands and reefs such as the East China Sea, the South China Sea and the Yellow Sea, grasp the surrounding maritime situation, organize joint maritime rights enforcement, properly handle the sea and air situation, and resolutely respond to maritime security threats and infringement and provocation. Since 2012, it has organized more than 4,600 patrols of ships and more than 72,000 law enforcement activities to safeguard peace and good order in the ocean.

  Organize air defense and air reconnaissance and early warning, monitor the air dynamics in national airspace and surrounding areas, organize air police patrol and combat take-off, effectively deal with all kinds of air safety threats and emergencies, maintain air order and air defense safety.

  With a view to safeguarding national unity, we should strengthen preparations for military struggle focusing on the maritime direction, organize ships and planes to "cruise around the island" and issue a solemn warning to the "Taiwan independence" separatist forces.

  Maintain a constant state of readiness.

  Keeping the army in combat readiness is an important guarantee for effectively responding to security threats and fulfilling its mission. The Central Military Commission and the theater joint operations command organization strictly implement the combat readiness duty system, regularly organize combat readiness inspection and combat readiness pull, maintain a state of readiness to fight, continuously improve the joint operations command capability, command and handle all kinds of emergencies safely and efficiently, and effectively carry out all kinds of urgent and dangerous tasks. In 2018, the Central Military Commission organized a surprise inspection of the whole army’s combat readiness and the promotion of the whole army, covering 21 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and parts of the East China Sea and South China Sea.

  The People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force strengthened the concept of combat readiness, strictly enforced the combat readiness system, strengthened combat readiness duty, carried out combat readiness drills in a down-to-earth manner, established a regular combat readiness order, maintained a good combat readiness state, and effectively carried out combat readiness (combat) duty, patrol duty and other tasks.

  Carry out actual combat military training

  Military training is the basic practical activity of the army in peacetime. China Army insists on putting military training in an important position, firmly establishing the only fundamental standard of combat effectiveness, perfecting the system of military training laws and standards, establishing and perfecting the training supervision system, organizing the military training supervision of the whole army for emergency response, implementing the responsibility system for training and preparing for war, carrying out mass training and competition activities, and constantly improving the level of actual combat training.

  The whole army has risen to grasp the upsurge of actual combat military training. Since 2012, the whole army has extensively carried out targeted training on mission topics in various strategic directions and exercises of various arms and services, and more than 80 joint military exercises above the scale of divisions and brigades.

  Each theater has strengthened the main responsibility of joint training, carried out joint training in a down-to-earth manner, and organized a series of joint military exercises in the East, the South, the West, the North and the Central in combination with the missions in various strategic directions, in an effort to improve the joint operational capability.

  The army has conducted extensive military training contests and carried out live-fire exercises such as "crossing" and "firepower". The navy expanded its offshore training. For the first time, the aircraft carrier formation carried out offshore combat drills in the western Pacific Ocean, held maritime military parades in the South China Sea and the sea and airspace near Qingdao, and organized a series of "mobile" combat drills and systematic all-factor exercises. The Air Force has strengthened systematic and practical territory-wide training, organized war patrols in the South China Sea, police patrols in the East China Sea, and went out to the West Pacific before, and regularly carried out a series of system confrontation exercises such as "Red Sword". The Rocket Army organized confrontational inspection training, practical training for the whole brigade and regiment, strengthened joint fire strike training, and carried out a series of "Tianjian" exercises in a normal way. The strategic support forces actively integrated into the joint operational system and solidly carried out confrontation drills and emergency response training in new fields. The joint logistics support force promoted its integration into the joint combat system and organized a series of exercises such as "Joint Logistics Mission-2018". According to the requirements of covering the whole country, efficient linkage, global response and multi-function, the Armed Police Force has carried out a series of exercises such as "Guardian".

  Safeguard the interests in major security fields

  Nuclear power is the strategic cornerstone for safeguarding national sovereignty and security. China’s army strictly manages the safety of nuclear weapons and related facilities, maintains a moderate state of alert, improves its strategic deterrent capability, ensures national strategic security and maintains international strategic stability.

  Space is the commanding height of international strategic competition, and space security is the strategic guarantee for national construction and social development. Focusing on the peaceful use of space, China actively participates in international space cooperation, speeds up the development of corresponding technologies and forces, manages space-based information resources as a whole, keeps track of the space situation, safeguards the safety of space assets, and improves its ability to enter and leave space safely and use space openly.

  Cyberspace is a key area of national security and economic and social development. Network security is a global challenge and a severe security threat facing China. China’s army speeds up the construction of cyberspace forces, vigorously develops cyber security defense means, builds cyberspace defense forces commensurate with China’s international status and network power, builds up national cyber border defense, promptly discovers and resists network intrusion, ensures information network security, and resolutely defends national cyber sovereignty, information security and social stability.

  Carry out anti-terrorism and stability

  China resolutely opposes all forms of terrorism and extremism. Chinese armed forces take part in actions to maintain social order in accordance with the law, prevent and crack down on violent terrorist activities, safeguard national political security and overall social stability, and ensure the people live and work in peace and contentment.

  The Armed Police Force carries out tasks such as guarding important targets, on-site guarding, setting up checkpoints on main roads and urban armed patrols, cooperates with state organs to participate in law enforcement actions according to law, cracks down on illegal criminal gangs and terrorist activities, actively participates in social prevention and control, and makes efforts to prevent and deal with all kinds of hidden dangers endangering national political security and social order, thus making important contributions to the construction of "Safe China". Since 2012, every year, a large number of troops have been deployed to undertake tasks such as duty security, counter-terrorism and maritime rights enforcement, and participated in nearly 10,000 security tasks such as the G20 Leaders’ Summit, the APEC Leaders’ Informal Meeting, the "Belt and Road" International Cooperation Summit Forum, the BRICS Leaders’ Meeting and the Qingdao Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and participated in the handling of 671 hostage-taking incidents and serious violent terrorist incidents. Since 2014, it has assisted the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region government in destroying 1,588 violent terrorist groups and arresting 12,995 violent terrorists.

  The People’s Liberation Army assists local governments in maintaining social stability, participates in major security operations and handles other emergencies according to law, and mainly undertakes tasks such as preventing terrorist activities, nuclear and biochemical tests, medical rescue, transportation security, eliminating hidden dangers in water areas, and safeguarding air safety in places where major events are held and surrounding areas.

  Safeguard overseas interests

  Overseas interests are an important part of China’s national interests. Effectively safeguarding the security and legitimate rights and interests of overseas citizens, organizations and institutions in China is the task of the China Army.

  China’s armed forces actively promote international security and military cooperation, and improve the mechanism for protecting overseas interests. Focus on bridging the gap between overseas operations and support capabilities, develop ocean-going forces, build overseas supply points, and enhance the ability to carry out diversified military missions. Carry out maritime escort, maintain the safety of strategic maritime passage, and then carry out overseas evacuation and maritime rights protection.

  In August 2017, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Support Base in Djibouti was officially put into use. Since the opening of the camp, it has provided maintenance equipment for four batches of escort formations, provided medical support services for more than 100 escort officers and soldiers, conducted joint medical rescue drills with foreign troops, and donated more than 600 pieces of teaching equipment to local schools.

  In March, 2015, the security situation in Yemen deteriorated seriously. The China naval escort formation went to the Gulf of Aden, Yemen, and for the first time directly berthed at the ports in the war zone, and safely evacuated 621 citizens from China and 279 citizens from 15 countries including Pakistan, Ethiopia, Singapore, Italy, Poland, Germany, Canada, Britain, India and Japan.

  Participate in emergency rescue and disaster relief

  Participating in national construction and defending the people’s peaceful labor is the mission entrusted to the Chinese armed forces by the Constitution. According to the Regulations on Military Participation in Emergency Rescue and Disaster Relief, the Chinese armed forces are mainly responsible for rescuing, transferring or evacuating people trapped, protecting the safety of important targets, rescuing and transporting important materials, participating in professional emergency rescue such as road (bridge and tunnel) emergency repair, maritime search and rescue, nuclear and biochemical rescue, epidemic control and medical rescue, eliminating or controlling other critical dangers and disasters, and assisting local people’s governments in post-disaster reconstruction.

  Since 2012, the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force have dispatched 950,000 person-times, organized 1.41 million militiamen, used 190,000 vehicles and construction machinery, 26,000 boats and 820 aircraft (helicopters) to participate in rescue and disaster relief. He has participated in disaster relief operations such as the earthquake relief in Ludian, Yunnan, the flood fighting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the rescue of the Yarlung Zangbo River dammed lake, assisting local governments to rescue, transfer and resettle more than 5 million people, making rounds to treat more than 210,000 patients, rushing to transport more than 360,000 tons of materials, and strengthening more than 3,600 kilometers of dams. In 2017, the troops stationed in Macao dispatched 2,631 troops and more than 160 vehicles to assist the government of the Special Administrative Region to carry out rescue after the typhoon "Tiange".

  Fourth, China’s national defense and army in reform.

  The development history of the people’s army is a history of reform and innovation. Entering a new era, adapting to the development trend of the new military revolution in the world and the demand of national security, China has comprehensively promoted the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, comprehensively deepened the reform of national defense and the armed forces, made great efforts to solve institutional obstacles, structural contradictions and policy issues, and made a historic step of strengthening and rejuvenating the armed forces.

  Rebuild the leadership and command system

  The reform of leadership and command system is an important measure to adapt to the requirements of modern military specialization and information age to fight and win battles, and to improve the operational efficiency and construction efficiency of the army. In accordance with the principle of "the military commission is in charge of the general affairs, the main battle of the theater and the main construction of the service", we will strengthen the functions of centralized and unified leadership, strategic command and strategic management of the military commission, break the long-standing headquarters system, the military region system and the continental army system, and build a new military leadership management and operational command system.

  Adjust and form new organs and departments of the Central Military Commission. Optimize the functional allocation and institutional setup of the organs of the Military Commission, and adjust them from the past four headquarters of the General Staff Department, the General Political Department, the General Logistics Department and the General Armament Department to 15 functional departments of the organs of the Military Commission, serving as the staff organs, executive organs and service organs under the centralized leadership of the Military Commission. The path of command, construction, management and supervision is clearer, and the allocation of functions such as decision-making, planning, implementation and evaluation is more reasonable.

  Improve the leadership and management system of services and arms. Integrate the army building functions of the original four headquarters and set up the army leading body; Integrate the strategic support forces of various services and military commissions and establish strategic support forces; The Second Artillery Corps was renamed Rocket Corps; Integrate the strategic campaign forces that mainly undertake general support tasks, set up joint logistics support forces, and build a leadership and management system of "Central Military Commission-services-troops".

  Establish and improve the joint operational command system. We will improve the joint operational command organization of the Central Military Commission and set up a joint operational command organization in a theater to form a joint operational command system that integrates peacetime and wartime, operates normally, specializes in the main business, and is lean and efficient. Seven major military regions in Shenyang, Beijing, Lanzhou, Jinan, Nanjing, Guangzhou and Chengdu were abolished, and five war zones in the east, south, west, north and central regions were established. Through reform, the operational command system of "Central Military Commission-Theater-Army" has been established.

  Establish and improve the supervision system of rule of law. Set up a new Military Commission Discipline Inspection Committee (Military Commission Supervision Committee), under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission, and send discipline inspection teams to the organs and departments of the Military Commission and various war zones; Establish a new Political and Legal Committee of the Military Commission, and set up military courts and military procuratorates according to regions; Set up the Audit Office of the Central Military Commission, reform the audit supervision system, and all of them will be stationed for auditing, thus forming a power operation system in which decision-making power, execution power and supervision power are mutually restricted and coordinated.

  Optimize the scale structure and strength compilation

  The reform of scale structure and strength organization is a key step to promote the modernization of military organization and build a modern military strength system with China characteristics. In accordance with the requirements of adjusting and optimizing the structure, developing new forces, rationalizing major proportional relations, and reducing quantity and scale, we will promote the transformation of the army from quantity-scale to quality-efficiency, manpower-intensive to technology-intensive

  Adjust the proportion of military scale and reshape the layout of power structure. 300,000 military posts will be reduced, and the total number of active posts will be reduced to 2 million. Expand the allocation scope of non-commissioned officers and civilian personnel, reduce the establishment of organs at all levels, reduce the internal institutions, leadership levels and personnel of organs at all levels, streamline the press and publication of literature, art and sports, service guarantee, institutions and personnel such as colleges, medical institutions, warehouses and scientific research institutes, reduce the staff of organs at or above the regimental level by about a quarter, and reduce the staff of non-combat units by nearly half. Significantly reduce the number of active posts in the army, keep the number of active posts in the air force stable, moderately increase the number of active posts in the navy and rocket army, and optimize the internal strength structure of various services and arms. Optimize the structure of reserve forces. Adjust the deployment of combat forces and form a strategic layout that is compatible with the need to safeguard national security in the new era.

  Adjust the formation of combat troops and reconstruct new combat forces. The original 18 army groups of the Army were integrated and reorganized into 13 army groups. The "Army-Brigade-Battalion" system is implemented in the main combat troops of the whole army, which enriches the combat strength of arms, reduces the command level and lowers the synthetic center of gravity. Increase new combat forces such as special operations, three-dimensional attack and defense, amphibious operations, offshore defense, strategic delivery, etc., and promote the development of troops in the direction of enrichment, synthesis, versatility and flexibility.

  Optimize the strength distribution of colleges and universities and reconstruct the military scientific research system. The original 77 colleges and universities of the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force were integrated into 44, reshaping the National Defense University and the National University of Defense Technology. Establish the Military Scientific Research Steering Committee of the CMC, adjust and set up new Academy of Military Sciences and Service Research Institute, and form the layout of military scientific research forces with Academy of Military Sciences as the leader, scientific research institutions of services and arms as the backbone, and scientific research forces of colleges and troops as the auxiliary.

  Promote the reform of the military policy system

  Adhere to the standard of combat effectiveness, focus on mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of military personnel, design and promote the reform of military policy system as a whole, and establish and improve Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s military policy system.

  Deepen the reform of the party building system in the army, safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralize and unify leadership, and ensure the party’s absolute leadership over the army. Formulate the "Decision on Strengthening Party Building in the Army in the New Era" and other laws and regulations, and promote the improvement of the political, ideological, organizational, work style and discipline construction systems of the military party.

  Innovate the policy system for the use of military forces to effectively guarantee the full implementation of military missions and tasks in the new era. Formulate the Regulations on Maritime Escort Action (Trial) and other laws and regulations, and promote the improvement of the military strategic guidance system, combat readiness regulations, and joint operations regulations.

  Rebuild the policy system of military strength construction and better liberate and develop combat effectiveness. Formulate and revise the National Defense Traffic Law, the Military Facilities Protection Law, the Civilian Personnel Regulations and other laws and regulations, and promulgate and implement new military training regulations and military training programs. We will promote the establishment of a professional system for military officers, optimize the protection of military treatment, improve the honor system for military personnel, improve policy systems in military training, equipment development, logistics construction, military scientific research, and national defense mobilization, and accelerate the legislative process of the military officer law and military service law.

  Reform the military management policy system, improve the operational efficiency of the military system, and promote the high-quality development of the military. Formulate and revise the internal affairs regulations (for Trial Implementation), discipline regulations (for Trial Implementation), queue regulations (for Trial Implementation), and regulations on military legislation, and promote institutional innovations such as strategic management, military expenditure management, and military justice.

  Completely stop the paid service of the army. By June 2018, paid service activities in 15 industries, such as real estate leasing, agricultural and sideline production, recruitment and reception, which were engaged in by military organs, troops at all levels and their affiliated institutions, had basically stopped, and more than 100,000 paid service projects had been stopped on schedule, and the cumulative proportion of paid projects had reached 94%, and the goal of the military not engaging in business activities had basically been achieved.

  Adjust the reformed services and armed police forces.

  The army plays an irreplaceable role in safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests. Including mobile combat troops, border and coastal defense forces, security forces, etc., it has jurisdiction over five war zones, the Army, the Xinjiang Military Region and the Tibet Military Region. The Army of the Eastern Theater has the 71st, 72nd and 73rd Army, the Army of the Southern Theater has the 74th and 75th Army, the Army of the Western Theater has the 76th and 77th Army, the Army of the Northern Theater has the 78th, 79th and 80th Army, and the Army of the Central Theater has the 81st, 82nd and 83rd Army. In accordance with the strategic requirements of mobile operations and three-dimensional attack and defense, we will accelerate the transformation from regional defense to global operations, improve the capabilities of precision operations, three-dimensional operations, global operations, multi-energy operations and sustained operations, and strive to build a powerful modern new army.

  The navy plays a very important role in national security and overall development. Including submarine forces, surface warships, aviation, marine corps, coastal defense forces, etc., it has jurisdiction over the Eastern Theater Navy (East China Sea Fleet), the Southern Theater Navy (South China Sea Fleet), the Northern Theater Navy (North Sea Fleet), and the Marine Corps. Battlefield naval bases, submarine detachments, surface ship detachments, aviation brigades and other units. In accordance with the strategic requirements of offshore defense and offshore defense, we will accelerate the transformation from offshore defense to offshore defense, improve strategic deterrence and counterattack, maritime mobile operations, maritime joint operations, comprehensive defense operations and comprehensive support capabilities, and strive to build a powerful modern navy.

  The air force plays an important role in national security and overall military strategy. Including aviation, airborne troops, ground air defense troops, radar troops, electronic countermeasures troops, information and communication troops, etc., it has five theater air forces and one airborne army. Theater Air Force has bases, aviation brigades (divisions), ground-to-air missile troops brigades (divisions), radar brigades and other units. In accordance with the strategic requirements of air and space integration and both attack and defense, we will accelerate the transformation from national air defense to both attack and defense, improve the capabilities of strategic early warning, air strike, air defense and anti-missile, information countermeasure, airborne combat, strategic delivery and comprehensive support, and strive to build a powerful modern air force.

  The rocket army plays a vital role in safeguarding national sovereignty and security. Including nuclear missile forces, conventional missile forces, support forces, and missile bases under its jurisdiction. In accordance with the strategic requirements of both nuclear and conventional capabilities and global deterrence, we will enhance credible and reliable nuclear deterrence and nuclear counterattack capabilities, strengthen the construction of medium-and long-range precision strike forces, enhance strategic checks and balances, and strive to build a powerful modern rocket army.

  The strategic support force is a new type of combat force to safeguard national security and an important growth point of new combat capability. Including battlefield environment guarantee, information communication guarantee, information security protection, new technology test and other support forces. In accordance with the system integration and the strategic requirements of integration of defense and civilian technologies, we will promote the leap-forward development of key areas, accelerate the development of new combat forces, and strive to build a powerful modern strategic support force.

  Joint logistics support force is the main force to implement joint logistics support and strategic campaign support, and it is an important part of modern military force system with China characteristics. Including warehousing, medical service, transportation and delivery, oil pipelines, engineering construction management, reserve assets management, procurement and other forces, it has five joint logistics support centers in Wuxi, Guilin, Xining, Shenyang and Zhengzhou, as well as the PLA General Hospital and the PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention. In accordance with the requirements of joint operations, joint training and joint support, we should speed up our integration into the joint operation system, improve the integrated joint support capability, and strive to build a powerful modern joint logistics support force.

  The Armed Police Force shoulders great responsibilities in safeguarding national security and social stability and safeguarding people’s better life, and implements the leadership and command system of "Central Military Commission-Armed Police Force-Army". The fundamental functional attributes of the Armed Police Force have not changed and are not included in the PLA sequence. Public security frontier forces, public security fire fighting forces and public security guards were retired from active service, the marine police team led and managed by the State Oceanic Administration was transferred to the Armed Police Force, and the gold, forest and hydropower units of the Armed Police Force as a whole were transferred to relevant state functional departments and reorganized into non-active professional teams, and the customs duty forces of the Armed Police Force were withdrawn, completely rationalizing the relationship between leadership, management and command and use of the Armed Police Force. After the adjustment, the armed police force includes internal security forces, mobile forces and marine police forces. In accordance with the strategic requirements of multi-functional integration and effective stability, we will strengthen the capacity building of duty, handling emergencies, counter-terrorism, maritime rights protection and administrative law enforcement, emergency rescue, and strive to build a powerful modern armed police force.

  Promote the all-round construction of national defense and the army

  Always put ideological and political construction in the first place in all aspects of military construction. Firmly establish the guiding position of the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army, resolutely safeguard the core position of the CPC Central Committee and the whole party, resolutely safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralize and unify leadership, implement the responsibility system for the chairman of the Central Military Commission, and further enhance political awareness, overall situation awareness, core awareness and conformity awareness. In December 2014, the "Decision on Several Issues in Military Political Work under the New Situation" was issued to promote political consolidation and training, and the army reorganized its luggage and set out again. In August 2018, a party building meeting of the Central Military Commission was held to comprehensively strengthen the leadership and party building of the military in the new era. Efforts will be made to cultivate revolutionary soldiers with soul, ability, blood and morality in the new era, and forge excellent troops with iron general beliefs, iron general beliefs, iron general discipline and iron general responsibility.

  Promote the innovation and development of national defense science and technology and military theory. We will speed up the implementation of the strategy of developing the army through science and technology, consolidate and strengthen advantageous fields, and intensify innovation in emerging fields. Some strategic, cutting-edge and subversive technologies have made important progress in independent innovation, and a number of high-tech achievements such as Tianhe-2 supercomputer have been successfully developed. Focus on war and combat issues to promote military theoretical innovation, and launch a series of theoretical achievements such as strategy, joint operations, and information construction to provide theoretical support for national defense and army building.

  Build a modern weapon and equipment system. Improve and optimize the system structure of weapons and equipment, promote the development of weapons and equipment of all services and arms as a whole, coordinate the development of main battle equipment, information systems and support equipment, and comprehensively improve the level of standardization, serialization and generalization. Intensify the elimination of old equipment and gradually form a weapon and equipment system with high-tech equipment as the backbone. Type 15 tanks, 052D destroyers, J-20 fighters, Dongfeng-26 medium-and long-range ballistic missiles and other equipment are installed.

  Build all modern logistics for war. We will establish a support system with the joint logistics department as the mainstay, the services as the supplement, the combination of unification and separation, and the integration of expertise. We will build a joint, lean and efficient logistics force system with strategic campaign forces as the mainstay, team-owned forces as the supplement, and social security as the support. We will promote the integration of logistics forces into joint training in war zones, cross-regional training of services and arms, and joint training of Chinese and foreign outreach, and promote the integration of front and rear training, initially forming the ability of rapid response, all-round participation in war and accurate support.

  Strengthen strategic management. Adhere to demand-driven planning, planning leading resource allocation, and establish and improve the strategic management link of "demand-planning-budget-implementation-evaluation". Formulate military development strategies and development strategies for important areas, services and arms, and armed police forces, and form a strategic planning and planning system. Standardize the strategic planning of the armed forces, promulgate and implement the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Construction and Development of the Armed Forces, and improve the system and mechanism of evaluation, supervision and regulation.

  坚持依法治军从严治军。构建完善中国特色军事法治体系,推动治军方式根本性转变。强化练兵备战监督监察,深入纠治和平积弊。广泛开展法治宣传教育,建立健全法律咨询服务保障机制,推进法治军营建设。全面从严加强部队管理,贯彻落实条令条例,恢复和完善军队司号制度,组织全军安全大检查,加强重大安全隐患排查整治,加大警备纠察工作力度,开展军车管理专项整顿,建立警备工作定期通报机制,维护军队良好形象。

  深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。严明政治纪律政治规矩,严肃查处郭伯雄、徐才厚、房峰辉、张阳等严重违纪违法案件。严格依纪依法惩治腐败,开展重大工程建设、装备物资采购等行业领域专项整治。建立基层风气监察联系点制度,查纠官兵身边“微腐败”和不正之风。深化政治巡视,完成对军委机关部门、大单位巡视和回访巡视全覆盖。着力推进审计全覆盖,加大重点领域、重大项目、重要资金审计力度,严格领导干部经济责任审计,积极推行经费绩效审计、全程跟踪审计、军地联合审计。2012年以来,共审计3.9万个(次)单位(部门)、1.3万名团以上领导干部。反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利,风清气正的良好政治生态基本形成。

  Promote the modernization of national defense mobilization. Straighten out the leadership system of national defense mobilization organizations, strengthen the construction of reserve forces, streamline the scale of the national backbone militia, deepen the reform of the scale structure and strength of the militia reserve forces, promote the integrated construction and application of reserve forces and active forces, and accelerate the transformation from ensuring the army as the mainstay to ensuring multiple services and arms.

  In combination with deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, the Department of Veterans Affairs was established to promote the construction of the service guarantee system for veterans in provinces, cities, counties, towns (streets) and villages (communities), and a series of preferential treatment measures were introduced. Solidly do a good job in supporting the army and its dependents, supporting the government and loving the people, actively participate in poverty alleviation, continuously consolidate the unity between the military, the government and the people, and form a social atmosphere of respecting and giving preferential treatment to soldiers.

  V. Reasonable and moderate defense expenditure

  China adheres to the balance between development and security, the unification of enriching the country and strengthening the army, the coordinated development of national defense construction and economic construction, the policy of building the army through diligence and thrift, reasonably determining the scale structure of defense expenditure according to the country’s economic development level and national defense demand, and managing and using defense expenditure according to law.

  Since the reform and opening-up, China’s national defense expenditure has experienced a development process from maintenance investment to moderate growth, and generally maintained a moderate and coordinated growth in step with the national economic and financial expenditure. The proportion of defense expenditure in gross domestic product (GDP) dropped from the highest 5.43% in 1979 to 1.26% in 2017, and remained within 2% for nearly 30 years. In 1979, defense expenditure accounted for 17.37% of the national fiscal expenditure, and in 2017 it was 5.14%, a decrease of more than 12 percentage points, and the overall downward trend was obvious.

  In the new era, in line with the process of national modernization, with the focus on building a consolidated national defense and a strong army commensurate with China’s international status and national security and development interests, further narrowing the gap with the world’s advanced military level, and solving the problem of the army’s insufficient ability to fight modern wars, China’s defense expenditure scale has maintained a steady growth, and its expenditure structure has been continuously optimized.

  China’s defense expenditure is divided by purpose, mainly consisting of personnel’s living expenses, training maintenance expenses and equipment expenses. Personnel living expenses are used for salaries, allowances, meals, clothing, insurance, welfare and pensions of officers, civilian cadres, soldiers and employed non-active personnel, as well as retired cadres supported by the army. Training maintenance expenses are used for military training, college education, construction and maintenance of engineering facilities and other daily consumption expenses. Equipment costs are spent on research, testing, procurement, maintenance, transportation and storage of weapons and equipment. The scope of defense expenditure includes active troops, reserve troops and militia.

  The increase in defense expenditure since 2012 is mainly used for: (1) adapting to the country’s economic and social development, improving the living and welfare benefits of officers and men, implementing the mechanism of regular wage increase for military personnel, and continuously improving the working, training and living security conditions of grass-roots units. (2) Increase investment in weapons and equipment construction, eliminate and update some backward equipment, upgrade some old equipment, research and purchase new weapons and equipment such as aircraft carriers, combat aircraft, missiles and main battle tanks, and steadily improve the modernization level of weapons and equipment. (3) Deepen the reform of national defense and the army, and ensure major reforms such as the leadership and command system of the army, the size structure and strength of the army, and the military policy system. (4) Ensure actual combat training, strategic training, joint training in war zones, and training in services and arms, and strengthen the construction of simulated, networked and confrontational training conditions. (5) Ensuring diversified military tasks and ensuring international peacekeeping, escort, humanitarian rescue, emergency rescue and disaster relief.

  From 2012 to 2017, China’s defense expenditure increased from 669.192 billion yuan to 1,043.237 billion yuan. China’s gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 9.04% at the current price, the national fiscal expenditure increased by 10.43%, the defense expenditure increased by 9.42%, and the defense expenditure accounted for 1.28% of the GDP and 5.26% of the national fiscal expenditure. The proportion of defense expenditure in GDP is stable, and it keeps pace with the national financial expenditure.

  China implements strict financial allocation and budget management system for defense expenditure. The use of defense expenditure should be guided by demand and planning; we should live within our means; we should strengthen centralized and unified management; we should make overall plans for the incremental stock; we should gradually implement performance management of defense expenditure; and we should promote the reform of military expenditure management with efficiency as the core. Improve and strengthen budget management, deepen the reform of centralized payment and receipt system of military funds, speed up the pace of standardization of funds, and improve the management methods of military assets and funds.

  International comparison of defense expenditure

  Among the countries with the highest defense expenditure in the world in 2017, China’s defense expenditure is at a low level in terms of the proportion of GDP and national fiscal expenditure, as well as the per capita national and military figures.

  China has become the second largest economy in the world. The scale of national defense expenditure ranks second in the world, which is determined by China’s national defense demand, economic volume and defensive national defense policy. In terms of total expenditure, China’s defense expenditure in 2017 was less than a quarter of that of the United States.

  In terms of the proportion of defense expenditure in GDP, from 2012 to 2017, the average proportion of defense expenditure in GDP in China was about 1.3%, that in the United States was about 3.5%, that in Russia was about 4.4%, that in India was about 2.5%, that in Britain was about 2.0%, that in France was about 2.3%, that in Japan was about 1.0% and that in Germany was about 1.2%. The average proportion of China’s defense expenditure in GDP ranks sixth among the countries with the highest defense expenditure in the world and the lowest among the permanent members of the UN Security Council.

  In terms of the proportion of defense expenditure in fiscal expenditure, from 2012 to 2017, the average proportion of defense expenditure in fiscal expenditure in China was about 5.3%, that in the United States was about 9.8%, that in Russia was about 12.4%, that in India was about 9.1%, that in Britain was about 4.8%, that in France was about 4.0%, that in Japan was about 2.5% and that in Germany was about 2.8%. China’s defense expenditure ranks fourth in the average proportion of fiscal expenditure.

  From the level of per capita defense expenditure, in 2017, the per capita defense expenditure of China citizens was 750 yuan RMB, which was about 5% of that of the United States, 25% of that of Russia, 231% of that of India, 13% of that of Britain, 16% of that of France, 29% of that of Japan and 20% of that of Germany. China’s per capita defense expenditure is 521,600 yuan, which is about 15% of that of the United States, 119% of Russia, 166% of India, 27% of Britain, 38% of France, 35% of Japan and 30% of Germany. China ranks seventh in national defense expenditure per capita and sixth in military defense expenditure per capita.

  China adheres to the system of reporting and publishing defense expenditure. Since 1978, the China Municipal Government has submitted a budget report to the National People’s Congress every year, and announced the total annual defense budget. In 1995, the Government of China issued a white paper entitled "Arms Control and Disarmament in China", which announced the defense expenditure to the world. Since 2007, China has participated in the United Nations military transparency system, and submitted the basic data of defense expenditure in the last fiscal year to the United Nations every year. According to the categories of active troops, reserve troops and militia, it submitted the amount of personnel’s living expenses, training maintenance expenses and equipment expenses, and the total defense expenditure, and explained the main purpose and proportion of China’s defense expenditure to GDP.

  On the whole, China’s defense expenditure is open and transparent, and its expenditure level is reasonable and moderate. Compared with major countries in the world, the proportion of defense expenditure in GDP and fiscal expenditure and the per capita defense expenditure are low. China is the only big country in the world that has not yet achieved complete reunification, and it is one of the countries with the most complicated security situation around the world. It faces severe challenges in safeguarding national sovereignty, territorial integrity and maritime rights and interests. China is approaching the center of the world stage, and the international community’s expectations for China’s military to provide international public safety products are increasing. China’s army is in the stage of information transformation, and the task of adapting to the development trend of the new military revolution in the world and promoting military transformation with China characteristics is arduous and arduous. There is still a big gap between China’s national defense expenditure and the demand for safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and the demand for fulfilling the international responsibilities and obligations of big countries, and the demand for its own construction and development. China’s defense expenditure will be coordinated with the national economic development level and will continue to maintain moderate and steady growth.

  Sixth, actively serve and build a community of human destiny

  Building a community of human destiny conforms to the trend of peaceful development and reflects the common expectations of people of all countries. China’s armed forces faithfully practice the concept of a community of human destiny, actively fulfill the international responsibilities of big-country armed forces, comprehensively promote international military cooperation in the new era, and strive to contribute to building a beautiful world of lasting peace and universal security.

  Firmly uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.

  As a founding member of the United Nations and a permanent member of the Security Council, China firmly upholds the central role of the United Nations in international affairs, international law and basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, multilateralism, democratization of international relations, extensive participation in global security governance, active participation in arms control and disarmament, and contribution to China’s plan for solving major problems and formulating important rules.

  China constructively participates in the political settlement of hot issues in the region, such as the Korean Peninsula issue, the Iranian nuclear issue and the Syrian issue, opposes hegemonism, unilateralism and double standards, promotes dialogue and consultation, and fully and conscientiously implements UN Security Council resolutions. China actively participates in multilateral dialogues and negotiations in the fields of internet and outer space, and promotes the formulation of universally accepted, fair and reasonable international rules.

  China has always actively participated in international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation efforts, opposed the arms race and maintained global strategic balance and stability. It has signed or acceded to dozens of multilateral arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation treaties, including the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. In 2015, China announced the establishment of the China-United Nations Peace and Development Fund with a total amount of US$ 1 billion for 10 years, which was officially put into operation in 2016.

  Promote the construction of a new security partnership featuring equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation.

  China actively develops constructive military relations with foreign countries and forms a new pattern of all-round, wide-ranging and multi-level military diplomacy. So far, China has carried out military exchanges with more than 150 countries, set up 130 military attaché s abroad in embassies (missions), set up military attaché s offices in China in 116 countries, and established 54 defense consultation and dialogue mechanisms with 41 countries and international organizations. Since 2012, high-level military delegations of the China Army have visited more than 60 countries, and more than 100 national defense ministers and army commanders have visited.

  The relationship between the Chinese and Russian armed forces continues to maintain a high level of operation, constantly enriching new connotations for the comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership between the two countries in the new era, and is of great significance to maintaining global strategic stability. The exchange mechanism between the Chinese and Russian armed forces at all levels has been continuously and healthily promoted, with in-depth cooperation in the fields of high-level exchanges, military training, equipment technology and counter-terrorism, and good interaction and cooperation in international multilateral occasions. Since 2012, the Chinese and Russian armed forces have held seven rounds of strategic consultations. From August to September, 2018, at the invitation of China, the Russian army participated in the Russian "Oriental" strategic exercise for the first time.

  In accordance with the principles of non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation, China actively and steadily handles its military relations with the United States, strives to make the relations between the two militaries a stabilizer for the relations between the two countries, and contributes to the promotion of Sino-US relations based on coordination, cooperation and stability. In 2014, the defense ministries of the two countries signed two memorandums of understanding, namely, the mechanism of mutual notification of trust measures for major military operations and the code of conduct for maritime and air encounters. In 2015, the two sides reached a consensus on adding the annexes of "military crisis notification" and "air encounters". In 2017, the two countries established diplomatic security dialogue and joint staff dialogue mechanisms to actively strengthen strategic communication and control risk differences. The two sides have carried out institutional exchanges in defense departments, army, navy and air force, and carried out pragmatic cooperation in the fields of humanitarian relief and disaster reduction, anti-piracy and exchanges between colleges and universities. China resolutely opposes the wrong practices and provocative actions of the United States, such as arms sales to Taiwan, sanctions against the Equipment Development Department of China’s Central Military Commission and the head of the department, trespassing into China’s territorial waters and the sea and airspace adjacent to relevant islands and reefs, and conducting large-scale high-intensity approach reconnaissance. In Sino-US relations, the relations between the two armies have remained generally stable.

  China aims to build a community of peripheral destiny and deepen its military partnership with neighboring countries. Maintain close contacts with the top military officials of neighboring countries. Every year, there are more than 40 batches of delegations above the commander level, basically achieving full coverage of high-level exchanges around the country and continuously strengthening strategic mutual trust. Establish defense security consultation and working meeting mechanisms with 17 neighboring countries, and keep communication channels open. In recent years, China has regularly organized a series of joint exercises and trainings with neighboring countries on counter-terrorism, peacekeeping, rescue, services and tactics, and extensively carried out exchanges on border defense and coastal defense, think tanks in colleges and universities, education and training, medical treatment, equipment and technology, and deepened pragmatic cooperation. The level of defense cooperation with ASEAN has been continuously improved, and military relations with neighboring countries have been generally stable.

  China has actively developed military relations with European countries, and maintained a positive development momentum in exchanges and cooperation in various fields. Focusing on building the four partnerships of peace, growth, reform and civilization between China and Europe, China held security policy dialogues, joint anti-piracy drills and personnel training with the EU. In 2016, China and the United Kingdom held a joint indoor deduction for evacuating overseas Chinese, and held a joint medical service exercise with Germany. In 2018, China and the EU held the third China-EU high-level security policy seminar.

  China has strengthened military exchanges with developing countries in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, the South Pacific and other regions, conducted personnel training and exchanges between young and middle-aged officers, and helped the countries concerned to strengthen their army building and improve their defense capabilities. In 2018, China-Africa Defense Security Forum, China-Latin America Advanced Defense Forum and China-Canada (Lebi) South (Pacific) Advanced Defense Seminar were held in Beijing.

  China’s armed forces adhere to the principle of mutual trust and mutual benefit, win-win cooperation and carry out pragmatic exchanges and cooperation with the armed forces of other countries. Since 2012, China has held more than 100 joint exercises and trainings with more than 30 countries. The content of the exercises has developed from the non-traditional security field to the traditional security field, the exercise area has extended from the periphery of China to the distant sea, and the participation strength has expanded from the army to the multi-arms of the army, navy and air force. China’s military actively organizes personnel training exchanges and cooperation. Since 2012, it has sent more than 1,700 military students to more than 50 countries, and more than 20 military academies have established and maintained inter-school exchange relations with universities in more than 40 countries, accepting tens of thousands of military personnel from more than 130 countries to study in China military academies.

  Improve the military news release mechanism, and comprehensively and objectively introduce and explain China’s national defense and army building at home and abroad. In April 2011, the Ministry of National Defense established a monthly routine press conference system to regularly release important information on national defense and army building. Since 2012, a number of special press conferences have been held around major issues such as deepening national defense and military reform and reducing military posts. Organized nearly 100 Chinese and foreign media to visit and interview troops and military academies for many times. In May 2015, the official Weibo WeChat released by the Ministry of National Defense was officially launched, with more than 6 million followers.

  Promote the construction of regional security cooperation framework

  In June 2001, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan jointly initiated the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has become a comprehensive new regional cooperation organization with the widest territory and the largest population in the world. It has formed the "Shanghai Spirit" of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations and seeking common development, promoted the building of a community of destiny of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, promoted the building of new international relations, and made new contributions to regional peace and development. In June 2017, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization expanded its membership for the first time, and India and Pakistan became members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In April 2018, the first meeting of defense ministers after the expansion of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was held. The member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization continue to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of defense and security, hold a series of "Peace Mission" exercises, hold a "Horn of Peace" military music festival, deepen good-neighborly friendship and strategic mutual trust, strengthen military cultural exchanges, and enhance the unity and friendship of member States.

  China actively supports the mechanism construction of the Conference on Mutual Cooperation and Confidence Measures in Asia, and advocates the establishment of a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable Asian security concept, which has played an important role in building the security cooperation framework in Asia.

  Based on the principle of openness, inclusiveness and pragmatic cooperation, China actively participated in multilateral dialogue and cooperation mechanisms such as the ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Enlargement Meeting, the ASEAN Regional Forum, the shangri-la dialogue Conference, the Jakarta International Defense Dialogue, and the Western Pacific Naval Forum, held informal China-ASEAN Defense Ministers’ meetings regularly, and constructively put forward initiatives to strengthen regional defense and security cooperation. In October 2018, the China-ASEAN "Joint Performance at Sea-2018" exercise was held, which was the first time that the armies of China and ASEAN countries held a maritime exercise, demonstrating the confidence and determination of China and ASEAN countries to maintain regional peace and stability.

  China adheres to the spirit of equality, openness, tolerance and mutual learning, and builds the exchange platform of Beijing Xiangshan Forum. In 2014, Xiangshan Forum was upgraded to a "one track and a half" international security and defense dialogue platform. In October 2018, Xiangshan Forum was renamed Beijing Xiangshan Forum. More than 500 representatives from 67 countries and 7 international organizations attended the forum to discuss new ideas and new ways to deal with regional security threats and challenges, which played a positive role in promoting security dialogue and mutual trust and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.

  Properly handle territorial issues and maritime delimitation disputes.

  China adheres to the neighboring diplomatic concept of sincerity and tolerance, and persists in being a good neighbor and partner, and peacefully resolves territorial issues and maritime delimitation disputes through negotiation and consultation. China has settled land border issues with 12 of the 14 land neighbors, and signed treaties of good-neighborliness, friendship and cooperation with 8 neighboring countries.

  China regards managing differences and enhancing mutual trust as an important part of maintaining stability in the surrounding areas, and proposes to set up a China-ASEAN defense chiefs hotline, establish direct telephone lines with Vietnam and South Korea respectively, and conduct regular or irregular telephone and fax contacts, border talks and meetings, joint patrols, etc. with the armies of countries bordering the land. Since 2014, China and Viet Nam have held five high-level border meetings. The Chinese and Indian armed forces have implemented the important consensus reached by the leaders of the two countries, conducted high-level visits and communication, and promoted the establishment of border hotline and border control and border exchange mechanisms. Since the second half of 2016, China and the Philippines have strengthened maritime security dialogue, and the two sides have returned to the correct track of handling the South China Sea issue through friendly consultations. In May 2018, the defense departments of China and Japan signed a memorandum on the air-sea liaison mechanism and started the operation of the mechanism in June.

  China and ASEAN countries have fully and effectively implemented the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, actively promoted consultations on the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea, strengthened practical cooperation on maritime security, promoted the construction of regional security mechanisms, and strived to make the South China Sea a sea of peace, friendship and cooperation.

  Actively provide international public safety products.

  China actively supports UN peacekeeping operations, is one of the major contributors to UN peacekeeping operations, and is the largest troop contributor among the permanent members of the Security Council. By December 2018, China’s army had participated in 24 UN peacekeeping operations, dispatched more than 39,000 peacekeeping military personnel, and 13 China soldiers died in the front line of peacekeeping. China’s army built and repaired more than 13,000 kilometers of roads in the peacekeeping mission area, and cleared 10,342 mines and various unexploded ordnance; Delivered more than 1.35 million tons of materials, with a total transportation mileage of more than 13 million kilometers; More than 170,000 patients were admitted; Completed more than 300 tasks such as armed guards and long-distance and short-distance patrols.

  In September 2015, China joined the new standby mechanism of United Nations peacekeeping capacity, and built an 8,000-person peacekeeping standby force. In September 2017, China completed the first-level standby registration of peacekeeping standby forces in the United Nations. In October 2018, all the 13 first-level standby units passed the assessment and evaluation organized by the United Nations and were promoted to the second-level standby state. In February 2019, the United Nations upgraded five of the above-mentioned 13 second-level standby units to the third-level standby state. China actively trains peacekeepers for various countries, and has trained more than 1,500 peacekeepers for dozens of countries. In December 2018, 2,506 officers and men from China performed their duties in seven United Nations mission areas and the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations.

  According to the relevant resolutions of the UN Security Council, the government of China sent naval vessels to the Gulf of Aden and Somali waters to carry out regular escort operations in December 2008, and cooperated with multinational escort forces to jointly safeguard the safety of international sea lanes. In the past 10 years, China Navy has normally deployed three or four ships to carry out escort missions, sending 31 batches of more than 100 sub-ships and more than 26,000 officers and men, providing safety protection for more than 6,600 Chinese and foreign ships, and rescuing, taking care of and rescuing more than 70 ships in distress.

  China’s armed forces actively participated in international disaster relief and humanitarian assistance, sent professional rescue forces to disaster-stricken countries to rescue and reduce disasters, provided relief materials and medical assistance, and strengthened international exchanges in rescue and reduction. Since 2012, we have organized or participated in the search and rescue of Malaysia Airlines flight MH370, typhoon Haiyan rescue in the Philippines, fighting against Ebola epidemic in West Africa, water shortage rescue in Maldives, earthquake relief in Nepal, and dam-break rescue in Laos. China Navy’s hospital ship "Square Boat" has been in service for 10 years, and has carried out seven "harmonious missions", visiting 43 countries in total, providing medical services and organizing medical exchanges for people in visiting countries, benefiting more than 230,000 people.

  China has actively carried out international and regional anti-terrorism cooperation. Strengthen international anti-terrorism cooperation within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, organize joint anti-terrorism exercises, crack down on illegal trafficking in weapons, ammunition and explosives, cooperate to identify and cut off personnel infiltration channels, and promote international anti-terrorism information exchange and sharing. Hosting the Great Wall International Forum with the theme of counter-terrorism, and actively participating in multilateral counter-terrorism mechanisms such as the APEC Counter-Terrorism Working Group and the Global Counter-Terrorism Forum. Hold bilateral anti-terrorism consultations with relevant countries. We will promote the establishment of a coordination mechanism for anti-terrorism cooperation among the armed forces of Afghanistan, China, Pakistan and Tajikistan, hold two meetings of senior military leaders, carry out anti-terrorism exchanges and cooperation, and actively safeguard regional security.

  Concluding remarks

  Peace is the common aspiration of people of all countries, and development is the eternal theme of human society. In the face of increasingly complex global security challenges and the choice of where human development should go at the crossroads, China firmly believes that hegemony and expansion will eventually fail, and security and prosperity should be shared. China will stick to the path of peaceful development and work with people of other countries to safeguard world peace and promote common development.

  China’s national defense in the new era, under the guidance of the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army, will March forward courageously towards the grand goal of building a world-class army in an all-round way along the road of strengthening the army with China characteristics. China’s army has the determination, confidence and ability to overcome all threats and challenges, provide strong strategic support for realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and make new and greater contributions to serving and building a community of human destiny.

Central environmental protection inspector’s "looking back" personal history: there are many false rectification chaos

  In order to temporarily meet the water quality standards, the water department diluted the sewage, and even said in the report that the river was "crystal clear and fish swarmed"; The industrial park illegally occupies thousands of acres of land in national nature reserves, but it ignores the central rectification requirements within two years and has not been relocated or managed; According to the report materials, the environmental protection "three noes" chicken farm has been cleared by itself, but the inspection team found that the chicken farm has not been demolished, and tens of thousands of chickens have been raised … …

  Recently, the central environmental protection inspector’s "looking back" work has ended, and some localities and enterprises have exposed formalism and bureaucratic problems in the field of ecological and environmental protection, such as "superficial rectification", "pretend rectification" and "perfunctory rectification". In the process, the reporter also followed the inspector group to experience all kinds of false rectification chaos.

  False "three tricks" to deal with environmental protection inspectors

  The reporter followed the on-site inspectors of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group in Guangdong and Ningxia and found that some departments or enterprises ignored the rectification requirements and frequently resorted to various tricks to cope with the inspection.

  — — Deal with it superficially and cram for it temporarily. Lanshui River, Haizai Dapaikeng, Longli Dapaikeng and Huangkeng River are rivers that have been incorporated into the remediation of black and odorous water bodies in Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province. The materials submitted by the local government show that the water quality monitoring of the four rivers has reached the requirements, and the public comment on the satisfaction rate is 96%. It also vividly describes these rivers as "crystal clear and fish swarms".

  However, when the inspector team came to Haipai Dapaikeng to "look back", they found that residents in nearby communities complained that the river was far from reaching the standard of "neither black nor smelly". It turns out that in order to finish the task on time and meet the standards temporarily, the local authorities have neither intercepted nor dredged, but adopted emergency measures — — The water system is connected, that is, water diversion and dilution.

  Recently, the reporter visited Dapaikeng in Haizi on the spot. Many residents in the nearby Wuzhou Century City complained that they could smell the bad smell when they lived above the tenth floor. "An inspector, the renovation project immediately started. How good it would be to work hard in peacetime. "

  The monitoring data show that the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water quality in this section reaches 23 mg/L, far exceeding the standard of severe black odor. After the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group reported the relevant situation to Guangdong, six responsible persons were put on file for review and investigation.

  — — Take chances and stay put. The reporter followed the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group into the demonstration zone of recycling economy of renewable resources in lingwu city, Ningxia, and found that the clothes of the staff were covered with oil stains and the colors were not clear, and patches of oil stains penetrated into the soil. More importantly, in 2016, the park was found by the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group to occupy 1,293 mu of the experimental area of Baijitan National Nature Reserve, but within two years, the park did not see any signs of land clearance and pollution remediation.

  During the on-site inspection, the inspector group asked the responsible persons in lingwu city what they had done in the past two years, and they said that they had "hoped that the nature reserve would be demarcated again and the industrial park would be transferred out of the reserve".

  — — The rectification is constant and the pollution is constant. Within a few hours of "looking back" when the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group was stationed in Ningxia, it received a number of report calls about the malodorous gas emitted by Tairui Pharmaceutical in Yongning County, Yinchuan City. In the afternoon, the inspector group came to the enterprise to inspect and found that although the enterprise had done some work in odor control, there was no substantial deodorization measure at the slag outlet of the mushroom residue.

  Problems behind false rectification

  Behind the false rectification of departments and enterprises, it reflects the lack of environmental awareness of enterprises, the lack of pressure transmission from local governments, and the historical debts of local environmental protection infrastructure.

  — — Some enterprises lack awareness of environmental protection, and the illegal cost of environmental protection is low. When inspecting a "three noes" chicken farm in Taimei Town, Boluo County, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, the inspector team found that the chicken farm, which covers an area of 11 mu and has a construction area of about 3,000 square meters, had its wastewater discharged directly into the ground through a soil seepage pit. When the inspector asked why the bottom of the seepage pit was not hardened and how to solve the problem of direct infiltration of wastewater into the ground, the person in charge of the chicken farm replied confidently, "If it is hardened, how can my wastewater penetrate into the ground?" The inspector group was shocked by the lack of environmental awareness of business leaders.

  Jin Hui, an associate professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, said that some enterprises are willing to sacrifice the environment in order to maximize profits. Sometimes, although the environmental protection department fines the enterprise, compared with the environmental protection funds that the enterprise should have invested for many years, the fine can be described as "nine Niu Yi cents" and cannot play a deterrent role.

  — — The transmission of local responsibility pressure is not in place, and the attitude of "hitting hard" is not firm. A cadre in a city in Guangdong Province admitted that the accountability mechanism for eco-environmental dereliction of duty in the city was not perfect enough. Although a series of plans for water pollution prevention and air pollution prevention and control have been issued at the city level, the pressure of environmental responsibility has not been effectively transmitted to various environmental protection departments and town offices at the county level, and the ecological environmental protection work has been "hot on the top and cold on the bottom".

  The staff of Taimei Town Government said that they once wanted to dismantle this chicken farm, but it has been difficult to dismantle it because of the threat and obstruction of evil forces. According to the report of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group, lingwu city also showed an attitude of "no responsibility, no hard work" in the process of rectification of the renewable resources circular economy demonstration zone. In the case that the substantive rectification work was basically not carried out, the rectification task was cancelled in December 2017 without authorization.

  — — There are many local environmental protection debts, imperfect environmental infrastructure and slow progress. The reporter learned that the construction of sewage pipe network in Guangdong is seriously in arrears, and even the pipe network projects planned in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" have not been completed in some cities.

  Jin Hui said that the central environmental protection inspector’s "looking back" revealed that some cities did not pay enough attention to environmental protection in the past planning, especially the supporting planning of environmental protection facilities, which led to the difficulty in site selection of some environmental protection facilities and the progress was slower than the target. Some localities and enterprises achieved "data standards" through false rectification and superficial rectification.

  We should strengthen accountability and improve urban planning.

  The experts interviewed said that the central environmental protection inspector is a means, not an end. Whether the ecological environment protection can be implemented depends on leading cadres. Leading cadres who are found to have outstanding problems and are responsible for causing damage to the ecological environment must be seriously held accountable.

  "We should effectively transmit the pressure of environmental protection through inspectors, enhance the sense of responsibility, and constantly promote the construction of a long-term mechanism for ecological environmental protection while solving outstanding environmental problems, so that environmental protection can truly become the norm in the work of local governments." Li Lusheng, a researcher at Ningxia Academy of Social Sciences, said.

  Jin Hui believes that local governments and environmental protection departments, under the framework of striving to achieve the national and provincial ecological environment quality objectives, should combine the regional master plan with the environmental planning, use the concept of sustainable development as a guide in the ecological environment planning, reasonably evaluate the local economic and social development level and the phased goals to be achieved in environmental quality, and truly solve the ecological environment problems, avoiding the practice of cramming and treating both the symptoms and the root causes.

  In addition, Jin Hui also suggested that the urban planning scheme should be further improved, and the urban planning layout should be considered more from the perspective of ecological environment. He said that although there was a special chapter on environmental protection in the previous urban master plan, it was mainly discussed from the aspects of setting standards, and the space was short. However, in fact, the construction and management of many environmental protection facilities need to be considered and laid out in advance in the planning stage, so as to ensure the construction land of environmental protection facilities and accelerate the progress of environmental protection facilities.

Building a Beautiful China "Shaanxi Drum Plan" and Building a Green Cycle, Energy Saving and Environmental Protection.

  Cctv news Shaanxi Blower (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Shaanxi Drum") adheres to the concept of green and low-carbon development, gives full play to the advantages of energy genes for 54 years, and creates smart and green energy for human civilization with smart and green distributed energy system solutions.

  Shaanxi Drum is not only an enterprise that won the "China Industrial Award" twice, but also a "national green factory" with hundreds of honors such as "Top Ten International Energy Saving Technologies and Top Ten Energy Saving Practice Awards", as well as high-end technical equipment for energy saving and environmental protection and smart green system solutions. Over the years, the total installed power of Shaanxi Drum for energy recovery and output through distributed energy system solutions is 22.9GW, which is equivalent to the annual reduction of 149 million tons of carbon dioxide, and has played its due role in the construction of regional ecological civilization and the solid implementation of the goal of "double carbon".

Shangu Park at the foot of Lishan Mountain

Shangu Park at the foot of Lishan Mountain

  Practicing the concept of "two mountains" and harmonious coexistence of cities

  Beihai, Guangxi is a livable city with subtropical coastal customs, and it is also the only coastal area in China’s western development. In recent years, Beihai Tieshan Port (Lingang) Industrial Zone has shown new vitality of green development. In the modern petrochemical industrial park, new energy materials projects are in full swing. Among them, nitric acid pressure leaching process will effectively solve the bottleneck problem of new materials in new energy power battery and high-end stainless steel industry, and this process is the core technology of Shaanxi Drum for non-ferrous smelting innovation. On February 28th, 2021, Shaanxi Drum signed a general contract with Beihai Shunying New Energy Materials Co., Ltd. for the green demonstration project of the new technology of nitric acid pressure leaching of brown iron laterite nickel ore.

  "The application of this innovative technology has subverted the problems of low utilization rate of traditional process resources and environmental pollution, truly realized the green, environmental protection, low carbon and high efficiency of the new material industry, and effectively practiced ‘ Two mountains ’ Concept. " Liu Bin, an expert in Shaanxi drum marketing, said that the estimated production capacity of the project is 30,000 tons of nickel and 3,000 tons of cobalt. The project will be built in two phases, which will help the green and high-quality development of new energy power batteries and high-end stainless steel industries, and also realize the harmonious symbiosis between new energy materials enterprises and cities.

Zhejiang Lishui Economic Development Zone Synthetic Leather Industrial Base

Zhejiang Lishui Economic Development Zone Synthetic Leather Industrial Base

  Lishui is an important ecological barrier in Zhejiang and even East China, where Lishui Economic Development Zone is the second largest synthetic leather industrial base in China.

  Synthetic leather industry belongs to high pollution and high energy consumption industry. In the production of synthetic leather, organic solvent dimethylformamide (DMF) is indispensable. The traditional DMF production and recovery process has high energy consumption, high pollution, low recovery rate and toxicity. The comprehensive treatment of DMF wastewater has become a pain point and chronic disease for the survival and development of enterprises in the region, which seriously affects the green development of synthetic leather industry.

  "In order to protect the green mountains and green hills, Shaanxi Drum is tailored for Lishui Development Zone ‘ Synthetic leather distributed energy interconnection island scheme ’ , and invested to build ‘ The first centralized recovery and disposal project of DMF-containing wastewater from synthetic leather in the world ’ The DMF wastewater in Lishui synthetic leather park ‘ Centralized recycling, multi-energy complementation and zero discharge of three wastes ’ " . Zhang Jianfeng, deputy general manager of Shaanxi Drum Comprehensive Energy Division and general manager of Zhejiang Shaanxi Drum Energy, said.

  Since the project was officially put into operation, it has been running stably, and the treatment capacity, emission index, product quality, safety and reliability have all met the design requirements. COD, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen have been reduced to less than 200mg/L, 35mg/L and 10mg/L respectively. At the same time, the recovery rate of DMF in the second phase reconstruction project increased by 2%, the purity increased by 1%, the comprehensive energy consumption decreased by 52.54%, and the average GDP of regional synthetic leather increased by nearly 10 times, which has remarkable economic, environmental and social benefits.

  Liu Zhiwei, secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the Management Committee of Lishui Economic and Technological Development Zone, believes that Shaanxi Drum practices the concept of green development and provides users with emotional system solutions and services, which effectively improves the wastewater treatment and recycling and environmental protection of synthetic leather industry, promotes the transformation and upgrading of synthetic leather industry, improves the ecological environment quality of Lishui City, and leads the development of synthetic leather industry in China with "low carbon, green, high yield, high efficiency and high quality".

  Green recycling and low carbon to create green ecology in industrial parks

  At the foot of Lishan Mountain, Shaanxi Drum Industrial Park is like a forest park with perfect combination of equipment manufacturing and natural ecology, and it is full of vitality of green circulation and low carbon.

  Industrial waste gas, waste water and waste heat are the number one environmental killers. How can Shaanxi Drum turn the equipment manufacturing plant into a forest park? This is inseparable from the "Energy Interconnected Island" technology and smart green scheme of the comprehensive and efficient utilization of energy created by Shaanxi Drum for several years.

Shangu energy interconnection Dao global operation center

Shangu energy interconnection Dao global operation center

  Outside the global operation center of the Energy Interconnected Island invested and built by Shaanxi Drum, a big chimney marked "Creating Smart Green Energy for Human Civilization" is particularly eye-catching. As a matter of fact, this is just a symbol with the imprint of the times. The "Nine-continuous Supply of Shaanxi Drum Comprehensive Energy" system of the digital energy management and control platform here has long replaced the coal-fired boiler, which uses energy in a cascade way, eats it dry and squeezes it clean, and then realizes energy saving, environmental protection and green development.

  By introducing the concept of "sponge city", the global operation center of Shaanxi-Drum Energy Interconnected Island not only further reduces the water pollution in the region, reduces the peak flow of rainwater in the region, but also conserves water resources, promotes the water circulation in the region and realizes the rational utilization of rainwater. At present, the utilization rate of reclaimed water in Shaanxi-drum energy interconnection island is 100%; It can save 88,500 m3 of tap water every year, and the water saving rate of new water is 52.75%. At the same time, the nine rainwater filtration, purification and collection and reuse systems can be used for flushing toilets, car washing and greening in the park, and the resources are maximized here.

  This is also an innovative weapon for Shaanxi Drum to build an intelligent manufacturing base with the lowest energy consumption and the least emissions in the global turbine industry in the practice of smart green transformation.

  In recent years, Shaanxi Drum has actively implemented the new development concept, focused on the theme of green and low-carbon development, strategically focused on distributed energy, and built seven value-added services such as equipment, engineering, service, operation, supply chain, intelligence and finance centered on distributed energy system solutions. In particular, Shaanxi Drum aims at the demand of low-carbon environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction, and energy efficiency improvement in the industrial field. On the basis of innovative "energy interconnection island" technology and smart and green system solutions, it uses "5+3" energy efficiency index analysis method and Shaanxi Drum "1+7" energy interconnection island system solution to help customers in the industrial field optimize and improve the comprehensive energy efficiency index of the system, thus realizing low-carbon energy saving and emission reduction.

  Among them, Jinding Iron and Steel Water Treatment Center project of Shaanxi Drum General Contractor provides users with energy interconnection island system solutions and system services for zero-discharge recycling of wastewater in the whole plant, realizing "zero" discharge of production wastewater.

  In China’s first automobile industry energy interconnection island project, Shaanxi Drum has planned and built an integrated energy supply system, including gas boiler station, sewage treatment station, intelligent air compressor station, ground source heat pump station, power distribution rooms at all levels, and power pipes of workshops, which has achieved good results in energy saving, emission reduction, cost reduction and efficiency improvement, and will also reduce the energy consumption of bicycles in the park by 5%.

  In Yushen Industrial Park, the multi-energy integration and comprehensive energy utilization system solution of "photothermal+air source heat pump+energy storage+breeze power generation+intelligent management and control" tailored for users by Shaanxi Drum helps to build Yulin national energy demonstration zone, realize green energy transformation and build a green ecology of the industrial park … …

  Damei Shaanxi Drum Co-builds a good regional ecology.

  Strengthening the construction of ecological civilization under the new situation is an inevitable requirement to meet the people’s yearning for a better life. A good ecological environment is the fairest public product and the most inclusive people’s livelihood.

  As an enterprise of the times, Shaanxi Drum resolutely shoulders the political responsibility of ecological civilization construction, carries out the concept of "ecological priority and green development" throughout its development, thoroughly implements the "Shaanxi Drum Convention on Harmony between Man and Environment", deeply integrates into the whole process of enterprise development planning, business decision-making and production activities, and is a practitioner of promoting green ecological development, a promoter of practicing Shaanxi Drum’s green growth and a guardian of building a harmonious ecological home.

  "The ecological park and landscape lake invested by Shaanxi Drum have benefited the surrounding areas, giving local people and residents a good place to relax and watch, which has enhanced our happiness in living here." Villagers around Shaanxi Drum Lintong Industrial Park told reporters.

Shangu Ecological Garden Landscape Lake

Shangu Ecological Garden Landscape Lake

  In fact, this is another project of centralized treatment and reuse of reclaimed water treated by Shaanxi-Drum Energy Interconnection Island and sewage plant. Through the implementation of this project, it not only improves the utilization rate of wastewater, but also changes the surrounding ecological environment, makes full use of water resources, realizes zero discharge of sewage and recycling of water resources, and saves about 150,000 yuan of water resources every year. The project was also rated as "Excellent Environmental Protection Project in Shaanxi Province".

  The lotus flowers reflect the sun and the white cranes stop. Around the Shaanxi Drum Ecological Park and Landscape Lake, Shaanxi Drum invested in planting more than 2,600 trees, 232,000 shrubs and 45,000 square meters of grass, and arranged fitness and leisure equipment and children’s play equipment to enhance the local people’s sense of ecological environment acquisition, happiness and security.

  At the same time, in the spiritual process of ecological civilization, Shaanxi Drum has continuously increased its investment and installed smoke and dust removal equipment and noise elimination devices such as heat treatment, forging and grinding in the production and processing links, with remarkable results.

  In the new journey of struggling to write a new chapter in the construction of ecological civilization in the new era, Shaanxi Drum will continue to deepen the green sustainable development strategy of enterprises, create a green cycle of industries and regions, save energy and protect the environment, and work together to build a beautiful and harmonious ecological home.

Be alert! These items around you may be the culprit of cancer.

When it comes to cancer, everyone is familiar with it, even afraid! But do you know that in our life, there are also many culprits who cause cancer? Now let’s look at a case first:

Ms. Xu, who lives in Shanghai, was diagnosed with cancer last year, but what is even more frightening is that her husband, son and father all died of cancer.

What is the reason why a family has cancer and can’t escape the entanglement of cancer? The doctor conducted a lot of data analysis and found that the cause of cancer in Ms. Xu’s family turned out to be aflatoxin.

It turns out that there is a pepper tree in Aunt Xu’s home, which produces a lot of pepper every year, and Aunt Xu especially likes to eat pepper, which is indispensable for making pies, buns or cooking.

In fact, it is very difficult to store pepper. Aunt Xu will directly put away the pepper that has not been dried, so some pepper appears damp and moldy. Moreover, Aunt Xu is particularly frugal, and will continue to use moldy pepper. The doctor said that this is because the body ingested too much aflatoxin after eating moldy pepper for a long time, which induced cancer.

As early as October 2017, the World Health Organization compiled and published a list of four types of carcinogens according to their relevance to cancer. They are:

Class 1: it is a definite carcinogen for humans;

Class 2: limited evidence of carcinogenicity to humans;

Category 3: Suspicious carcinogenicity to human beings;

Class 4: substances that may not be carcinogenic to human body.

You know, there are 120 kinds of class 1 carcinogens! Today, Xiaobian has sorted out the categories that are closely related to our daily life:

01, wine and alcoholic beverages

The intermediate product of ethanol metabolism in the body is acetaldehyde, which can cause DNA damage or double-stranded breakage in cells, thus causing cancer. Ethanol is also a good solvent, and many carcinogens will be dissolved in ethanol. Some alcoholic beverages contain carcinogenic substances such as asbestos fiber, arsenic and nickel; Carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzopyrene) may also be produced during the fermentation and distillation of wine and alcoholic beverages. Therefore, alcohol is an important risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer’s disease, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer.

02. Smoking

Cigarettes contain a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, formaldehyde and other carcinogens, which are important risk factors for lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, lip cancer, tongue cancer, oral cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer and cervical cancer.

03, second-hand smoke

In the cold smoke exhaled by smokers, the tar content is twice as much as that in the hot smoke inhaled by smokers, and the benzopyrene content is twice as much.

04, processed meat (intake)

Pickled meat contains more nitrite and phosphate, while smoked meat contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzopyrene). It may induce a variety of cancers and is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer.

05. Chinese salted fish

A large amount of nitrite is produced in the pickling process, which is an important risk factor for inducing nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

06. Areca nut

Areca catechu has a lot of crude fiber, which will cause continuous damage to oral mucosa and lead to cancer. The alkaline substances and alkaloids contained in betel nut will destroy the cell membrane of mucosal cells and DNA of cells. It is an important risk factor for oral cancer.

07, outdoor air pollution

It is easy to cause lung cancer, and the risk of bladder cancer will also increase.

08, diesel engine exhaust

The tail gas contains hundreds of different compounds, which have been proved to be related to lung cancer and bladder cancer.

09, benzopyrene

A chemical substance found in coal tar, which is commonly found in automobile exhaust gas (especially diesel engines), smoke produced by burning tobacco and wood, and grilled food. It is a high risk factor for lung cancer, digestive tract cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.

10. Benzene

Paint, wallpaper, carpets, printers, automobile exhaust, synthetic fibers, building decoration materials, wood-based panel furniture and cigarette smoke all contain benzene. The products of benzene metabolism in human body will lead to the breakage and fragmentation of DNA chain and induce leukemia.

11. Formaldehyde

Ordinary people are mainly exposed to formaldehyde through artificial boards in newly renovated homes. It can cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neonatal malformation, childhood leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myeloid leukemia and so on.

12, untreated or lightly treated mineral oil

Used for making hair cream, hair oil, hair wax, lipstick, facial oil, skin care fat, etc., and also used as food additive. It is a by-product of petroleum and contains a variety of hydrocarbons. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other impurities may induce cancer.

13. Solar radiation

Excessive exposure, ultraviolet rays in the sun can lead to skin cancer.

14. Ionizing radiation (all types)

It mainly includes α-ray, β-ray, proton stream, neutron stream, X-ray and γ-ray. Ionizing radiation can induce various types of DNA molecular damage, thus causing cancer. May produce induced leukemia.

15. Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection)

Hepatitis B virus can cause DNA rearrangement and DNA fragment loss, and reduce the degradation ability of liver cells to other carcinogens.

16. Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection)

Virus core protein is closely related to liver cancer.

17, human papillomavirus

At present, more than 130 subtypes of DNA virus have been isolated, which are divided into high-risk and low-risk types, among which high-risk types 16 and 18 are the main types that cause cervical cancer.

18. Helicobacter pylori (infection)

Long-term settlement in the stomach will gradually destroy the gastrointestinal wall, which is a high risk factor for inducing gastric cancer.

19. Aflatoxin

It mainly exists in moldy grain, nuts and oil products. Eating food containing low concentration of aflatoxin for a long time is considered to be the main cause of liver cancer, gastric cancer and intestinal cancer.

20, estrogen-progesterone oral contraceptives (share)

It can induce liver cancer and increase the risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer.

21, painter, painter, painter, etc. (occupational exposure)

Pigments contain heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, mercury and chromium, and paints and organic solvents contain benzene and formaldehyde. Long-term exposure will increase the risk of cancer.

note:

The carcinogens mentioned above can cause some cancers, which refers to a possibility after long-term, excessive intake or contact. If you only eat a little occasionally, or touch it occasionally, don’t worry.

This article examines the doctor: