In this paper, the author deeply analyzes the development status of bean and fruit food and kitchen as competing products, and gives his own suggestions and prospects in combination with the development of domestic and foreign industries. Worth reading!

Experience environment:

• Mobile phone: Android 6.0.1 MI 4
• Bean and fruit food: Android v6.2.4.2
• Going to the kitchen: Android v5.9.11

According to Analysys data, it is estimated that the number of users in cmnet will reach 830 million in 2016, an increase of 0.5% compared with 2015. It is estimated that in 2018, the number of users in cmnet will be around 890 million. The scale of users in cmnet will continue to expand.

The huge market makes many enterprises from different industries, traditional or innovative, flood into the mobile Internet market.

As the "food" in the "basic necessities of life", it can be said that it is an indispensable part of people’s daily life, that is, it belongs to high-frequency demand. The catering industry is also expanding the boundaries of the Internet according to the needs of users.

In such a mobile internet era, the distance between users and food is shortened by selling, fresh food, recipes and other forms. The way of eating is gradually changing from simplicity to quality. Whether it is take-out or cooking at home, users gradually begin to pay attention to food quality and health.

Of course, there are also some innovative ways, such as catering O2O, inviting chefs to cook at home, socializing in catering, and making like-minded friends through table sharing.

If take-out is a passive choice in work or study life without too much time, then gourmet recipes must be the best choice for people who pursue quality of life in their spare time.

"Tip Tip 2" has once again set off a storm of food in China, and catering stores all over the country have also followed the dishes recommended by "Tip Tip 2", which is a good time to cut into the gourmet cookbook APP.

The mix of fish and eyes in the take-away market and the food safety of physical catering have always been our concerns. Although the take-away market has begun to rectify illegal operators, the video security problems in the physical catering industry are also being intensified, but there is still a long way to go from the healthy goal of the industry. More and more young people entering the workplace are willing to spend some time to choose a healthy diet, and they are more willing to choose to return to the kitchen.

Judging from the 24-hour active user period in the figure below, whether on weekdays or weekends, users are more active during lunch and dinner, especially from 11: 00 to 12: 00. Generally speaking, users’ habits of selling recipe apps are concentrated about half an hour before lunch and dinner, and the per capita use time is relatively concentrated.

However, according to the data of Qian Fan in the following figure, from April to July, 2016, the number of people living in the kitchen, bean and fruit food, good beans recipes and food heroes ranked first with obvious advantages. By July, bean and fruit food and food heroes were almost equal, while good beans recipes were slightly inferior. From the trend, the overall four applications are in a decline of 1 million to 2 million.

Judging from the number of starts, the number of starts of the kitchen has increased significantly. From April to July 2016, it increased by about 40 million, far ahead of the other three gourmet menu APPs. It can be seen that the user frequency of the kitchen app is still quite high, and it is in the growth stage.

Take the United States as an example. According to the data released by the National Hotel Industry Association (NRA) in 2015, the total catering market in the United States is about 709.2 billion US dollars, accounting for about 4% of the total national economy of the United States, and the sales growth of the catering industry has never stopped in the past few decades, whether the economic situation is good or bad. Statistics also show that in the past 16 years (spanning two economic recessions), the employment growth rate of the catering industry has always outperformed the national economic growth.

Source of information:http://www.restaurant.org/Downloads/PDFs/News-Research/research/Factbook2015_LetterSize-FINAL.pdf

In a survey conducted by several companies specializing in developing mobile applications for recipes, it was found that one quarter of iPhone/iPad users in countries where English is used prefer to cook by themselves. In addition, according to the statistics of the National Hotel Association of the United States, 79% of diners say that high technology makes it more convenient to eat out, 70% of diners with smart phones will use the restaurant/menu application several times on their mobile phones, among which 34% of diners say that high technology makes them buy takeout or go to restaurants more often, while 32% of diners with smart phones prefer to use mobile applications instead of traditional ways to pay the bill.

The popularity of the application market is unprecedented. As of 2015, the total revenue of global applications is $41.1 billion, and it is estimated that the annual application revenue will be $77 billion in 2017. The following is an overview of the application market:

Source of information:http://www.startup-buzz.com/cooking-apps-revolutionizing-cooking-industry/

According to the above table, Android has the largest number of users, with 900 million. There are 220 billion APPlications in the Android application market, and the average income of each app is $1,125. Compared with the average income of the iOS version of the application, it may be related to the fact that the economic conditions of the user base of iOS are mostly better than the user base of Android phones, and the pricing of iOS applications is generally higher than that of Android applications.

Based on the application recommendation and product evaluation of foreign catering recipes, the following five applications are generally recommended:

Source of information:http://www.startup-buzz.com/cooking-apps-revolutionizing-cooking-industry/

In addition, there are some different innovations in the catering recipe market abroad, such as Blue Apron, a company in new york in 2012, which provides fresh ingredients and corresponding recipes to be delivered to your door. In the food delivery business, you can customize different services on the website: meals for two people, at $59.94 per week, delivered three times, that is, three meals can be managed; Family meal, $69.92 or $139.84 per week, with food for 4 people delivered twice or four times each time. If you only provide ingredients, the price is actually not cheap, but you will be accompanied by recipes when you deliver them, so that you can learn the cooking methods of many chefs. It is quite warm to cook with your family at home.

In addition, compared with the domestic public comment, the ChefFeed is different from the public comment. It is an application platform that only chefs can recommend food, and it deeply connects the surrounding food and catering culture.

Judging from the data of four products in the domestic market, whether it is the monthly activity or the number of start-ups, the lower kitchen and Douguo cuisine belong to the first echelon, which is higher than the gourmet and the good bean recipe, while all the data of the lower kitchen are higher than Douguo cuisine, so it is determined that the lower kitchen is the competitive product of Douguo cuisine for further analysis.

1. Bean and fruit food

(1) History of Douguo Gourmet Version (version above 0)

• 6.2.0.8：Upload recipes, upload food, upload posts together, and put them in an obvious position, which is more convenient to publish; Online menu barrage, you can participate in the discussion; You can join the circle to browse your favorite posts and record food. What is added is the fart circle, which is updated every day. Activity reminder.
• 6.1.8.2：The login system is optimized and the identity verification is convenient; The bottom of the product page can directly enter the store.
• 6.1.6.4：Recipe search supports ingredient combination search; Leave the menu editing interface without saving, and give a reminder.
• 6.1.1.2：You can add associated friends.
• 6.1.0.2：There is an entrance to view the encyclopedia of ingredients in the menu.
• 6.0.7.2：Gourmet experts and quality shops can share them with friends.
• 6.0.6.2：Menu classification adjustment.
• 6.0.5.2：Personal center supports sharing to third-party platforms.
• 6.0.4.6：Optimize the uploaded pictures and adjust the page layout.
• 6.0.3.8：Show food channel: hot topics, increase rankings, and popular users.

Judging from the iteration of the version of Douguo Cuisine, from version 5, Douguo Cuisine focuses on the function and interface iteration of e-commerce nodes. Compared with the iterative efforts of e-commerce, Douguo cuisine has also made some adjustments in social elements, all of which are public messages and concerns, without further social means such as private letters. Therefore, the development direction of bean and fruit food is more inclined to e-commerce.

In June of this year, the bean and fruit food made a sound, and proposed that the future development direction should focus on kitchen smart appliances and cooperate with hardware manufacturers to provide users with intelligent overall kitchen solutions; And rely on huge user data to provide food big data for enterprises.

Imagine the smart kitchen carefully. For those who can’t cook and don’t have time to learn how to cook, they can also enjoy the fun of cooking by themselves. This undoubtedly magnifies the target user group of the platform for many times, from food experts to lovers who are interested in cooking and have time to zero-based food lovers who are only interested in eating.

We can also imagine such a scene. Xiaobai users open the APP to find the recipe they want to make, and purchase semi-finished ingredients with one click through the link provided by the recipe, so that only kitchen utensils can be connected with the favorite recipes in the bean and fruit APP, and the kitchen utensils will remind users according to the data. For example, when refueling is added to a certain time, the control panel of kitchen utensils will remind the user that it is OK. For example, the process of putting what materials first and then putting what materials, such as big fire first and then small fire, is controlled by only kitchen utensils.

However, if you want to connect with kitchen utensils, the data requirements for recipes are relatively high. In the early stage, after encouraging users to output high-quality content, you can consider joining the audit mechanism. If the audit meets the requirements, you can mark "Support for smart kitchen utensils", so Xiaobai doesn’t have to worry that his cooking will be affected by inaccurate data.

As far as the current semi-finished market of bean and fruit food is concerned, it focuses on fast food, dry ingredients and other ingredients whose shelf life is not so short, rather than fresh processed ingredients, which does not meet our daily needs for three meals, and the one-click purchase of ingredients in the recipe is actually delivered by different merchants. Therefore, there is also a gap in the time received. Even if you buy more dishes at a time, you have to go back and spend time combining them. You can consider adding some usage scenarios, such as recommending recipes and ingredients for one week according to the data of recipes that users usually browse and collect, filtering the number of people, the meal time, what taboos are there, etc. One-click purchase of recommended recipes can be packaged according to recipes, saving users’ sorting time.

(2) The development history of bean and fruit food.

• In January 2008, Douguo Cuisine was established, which belongs to Beijing Douguo Information Technology Co., Ltd., and its CEO is Wang Yuxiang.
• In 2011, bean fruit net received a venture capital investment of RMB 10 million from Shanda, and bean fruit net began to be formally commercialized.
• In January, 2012, it became the best application of the only flat cabinet AppStore in China.
• In 2012, bean fruit net received a series B financing of $8 million from ggv capital (GGV).
• In 2012, the mobile phone client of food diary was officially launched in public beta, and now it is renamed as "Writing Food School".
• In 2013, it won the third round of financing from Gaochun Capital and Qingliu Capital, and the company was valued at 120 million US dollars, making it the largest gourmet community in China.
• In 2013, we began to test water e-commerce and cooperate with SF Express.
• In 2014, the first "Douguo 2013 China Annual Food Festival" was held.
• In 2014, Douguo became the official exclusive online communication experience community in the second season of China on the Tip of the Tongue.
• In November, 2014, we completed the $25 million Series C financing.
• In 2015, it was ranked in Baidu Mobile’s "Top Ten Popular Applications List of the Year" and won the "Life Application Award of the Year".
• In 2015, it entered the field of semi-finished food, adding a new business model for fresh e-commerce.
• In 2016, the "Bean and Fruit Food Festival" was opened, and the latest version of "2015 China Food Network Development and Trend Report" was released.
• In 2016, Douguo Cuisine joined hands with Boss Electric to build an intelligent cooking ecosystem.

2. Go to the kitchen

(1) the kitchen version history

• 5.9.8: personal homepage and homepage upgrade; New icon design to optimize visual effects; Optimize the collection of menu pages and the location of menu buttons; Market goods can be paid by points when placing an order.
• 5.8.3: You can upload works and recipes on your home page; Message revision of the menu: the ordering process is optimized, so you can buy it in buy buy better.
• 5.5.6The list of conversations in the mailbox can be deleted, and the conversations you don’t want to see are out of sight, out of mind; Share recipes to WeChat or Weibo, and you will find that sharing a copy knows your heart better; We understand that the word limit for market commodity reviews has been abolished.
• 5.5: Add instant messaging function to facilitate communication between kitchen friends. You can also communicate and consult directly with merchants when shopping in the market; Menu browsing has a big picture mode, clearer menu pictures and more friendly interaction, which will help you become a better chef; Fixed such and such bugs.
• 5.4: Now the function of creating recipes on mobile phones is more perfect, adding exclusive logos and recommending them to categories; It is found that personal profile and pictures of TA’s works have been added in the friends module; Provide relevant suggestions when searching to make your search more efficient; The market increases the choice of regional positioning.
• 5.2.2: Increase the payment method of WeChat; Optimize the home page search menu; Product recommendation is added to the product details page; Show the description of the work in the message reminder; The menu message type in the message reminder can directly jump to the menu; Optimize video playback.
• 5.2.0The merchant can explain the commodity evaluation; Commodity evaluation adds useful and user message function; Commodity evaluation can be synchronized to the personal homepage and pay attention to the dynamics; The personal homepage has added the buy buy Buy module; The shopping cart adds a drop-down refresh function; Community posting forces the binding of mobile phone numbers; Optimize the product evaluation pictures shared to the circle of friends; Optimize the logic of sharing to WeChat to prevent sharing failure.
• 5.1.0: Revision of the product details page-adding graphic details-giving priority to the evaluation of blueprints-the evaluation list is displayed according to blueprints/all categories; Increase the function of searching for goods in the store; Home page [buy buy Buy] page optimization; Topic optimization of breakfast, lunch and dinner.

From the iteration of the version of the kitchen, we can see that from the version 4, the kitchen began to add social elements, such as the sharing function in the market, the personal homepage to find friends, the positioning function in the market, and the interaction with the surrounding kitchen friends. The increase of these functions seems to pave the way for LBS-based socialization. No matter how active online, gathering fans offline and making strangers have a weak relationship with food as a clue is a good means to maintain users in products for a long time.

Including some time ago, the kitchen was doing a little field, and building a platform and introducing a farm was an attempt to realize the commercialization of the kitchen, all of which reflected the kitchen’s efforts to make ordinary users (non-deep users) participate in offline activities or social activities as much as possible, and take the kitchen as a platform to retain these users and increase their stickiness.

Based on this, I think of Xiaomi’s core marketing concept "sense of participation", which uses forums to precipitate users, and uses humanized and comprehensive customer service, online and offline activities of rice noodles, including the annual rice noodle festival, to gather users and spread word of mouth.

Then why do you want to do LBS in the kitchen? After consulting the recent news, the author thinks that the original intention of doing LBS in the kitchen should be to eat friends, but because the specific operation plan is not clear, the community of "peripheral" nodes is hidden in the "mailbox" where it is not easy to notice. Therefore, the LBS in the kitchen is in the exploratory stage. How to operate and what is the development direction is still not very clear, and users may need to explore it.

(2) The development of the kitchen.

• In March, 2011, the kitchen website was put into operation, and it was affiliated to Beijing Ruidi Interactive Technology Co., Ltd., and its founder was Wang Xusheng.
• In July 2011, the kitchen APP was released.
• In June 2012, it was invested by Angel Bay and Jiuhe Venture Capital.
• In October, 2012, it won a multi-million-dollar Series A investment from Lianchuang Ceyuan and Zhixin Capital.
• In November 2014, the "market" was launched and e-commerce operations began. It has been successfully transformed from a cookbook tool application to a family food portal that integrates the attributes of tools, community and platform e-commerce.
• In July, 2015, it was announced that it had completed the second round of financing of US$ 30 million, which was led by Huachuang Capital and JD.COM, followed by Zhixin Capital and Lianchuang Ceyuan.
• On December 1, 2015, Yiguo Fresh announced that it had reached an exclusive cooperation with the well-known domestic online family food diversion entrance "Xiachu".
• In 2016, the kitchen became the first entrance to family cuisine.

The product attributes of Douguo cuisine tend to be "community+e-commerce". Taking advantage of having accurate users of food and introducing e-commerce platform, Douguo prefers to cooperate with high-end platforms and pay attention to socialization.

The kitchen is a product that integrates tools, communities and e-commerce. Mainly meet the needs of users in four categories:

1. Inquire about food practices;
2. Share food practices and food works;
3. Communicate around food;
4. Buy ingredients, kitchen utensils and other items.

sex distribution

As can be seen from the following figure, in terms of gender, more than 75% of the users of the four products are women; Geographically, more than 50% of the users of the four products are in super-first-tier cities or first-tier cities; In terms of age, the users of the four products are concentrated in the age of 20-39. It can be inferred that the target users of the application are white-collar workers or housewives aged 25-35, who have the leading role in the kitchen economy, have certain consumption power in first-tier or super-first-tier cities, pay attention to the quality of life, and are good at using cookbook apps.

A kind of user portrait:

White collar Xiaomei

• Local, born in Beijing, from a prestigious school, working in a listed company, working in a high-end office building, working in a super-first-tier city, with a busy job.
• Just married, pay attention to the quality of life, pay attention to food quality;
• Dining habits: I usually eat in the company at noon, go home to cook with my family at night, and sometimes show off with my parents on weekends.
• Features: Pursuing quality of life, preferring high-end fresh and healthy ingredients.

Two types of user portraits:

White collar Xiaoer

• Graduated from an ordinary domestic university, born in a third-tier city, working in a small and medium-sized enterprise in a first-tier city, renting a house.
• Single, often take food to the company to eat, will pick some Aauto Quicker food to learn.
• There are many friends who usually have dinner with roommates or friends after work or on weekends, and usually choose everyone to cook to show their cooking skills.
• Characteristics: undergraduate, in the struggle period, with low annual salary and pragmatism.

For a class of users, discounts and promotions are the second, and you need to buy fresh food, or you will click on the commonly used dishes APP to cook when you see the dishes you want to learn. Offline cooking learning activities, healthy diet recipes and knowledge popularization are more important.

For the second category of users, concessions, subsidies and promotional activities are all important indicators, and more attention should be paid to such users for event reminders and pre-sale reminders.

geographical distribution

age distribution

Social elements

(1) Bean and fruit food

Bean and Fruit Gourmet APP (Android) 6.2.4.2 Version Function Module

The navigation bar at the bottom of bean and fruit food is home page, circle, release, buy good goods and my five modules respectively. The home page is the page of the menu, and the circle module belongs to the social module. You can join various circles, view posts and interact with the landlord’s comments. Buying good goods belongs to the e-commerce module, and the combination of scenes and posts makes the advertisement and the advertisement of goods feel no contradiction, while mine is the user’s personal information.

(2) Go to the kitchen

The navigation bar at the bottom of the kitchen is divided into four modules: kitchen, market, mailbox and me. The kitchen is the home menu module, the market is the e-commerce module, the mailbox is the community communication module, and I am the user personal information module.

Both of them are designed based on the framework of home page-mall-community-individual, and their logical structures are relatively clear.

On the framework, it is worth noting the following points:

• There is LBS positioning in the kitchen, so you can recommend products according to the positioning, and there is an entrance on the home page, so you don’t need to switch the bottom navigation.
• There is a kitchen question-and-answer category on the front page of the kitchen, which contains questions about cooking skills and food preservation. The questions are very practical and are encountered in life, but they may not be mentioned in the menu to make up for the vacancy of cooking details. At the same time, it can increase the interaction between users and enhance the activity of the community.
• You can go to the kitchen to @ Chuyouyou, and the Chuyouyou community can go offline.
• LBS positioning in the kitchen can see the people and distance around you and interact with the people around you.

(1) Startup page

After downloading the application, it was launched for the first time. The initial launch pages of the two apps are all in a small and fresh style of literature and art. The bean and fruit food is in a white background, and the kitchen is in a style of delicacies and masks, which are in line with the overall positioning of such applications. When the bean and fruit food and the kitchen are started again, there will be advertisements on the startup page. The advertisement for going to the kitchen is a discount advertisement for snacks of e-commerce in its own application. Douguo cuisine is a free activity advertisement promoted in cooperation with electrical appliances merchants. At the same time, Douguo cuisine also has a pop-up advertisement similar to the menu competition when it enters the theme interface.

(2) Menu Home Page

From the home page, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1) user operation process

Douguo Cuisine puts the release (recipes, posts and recorded food) in an obvious position in navigation, and others’ recipes are displayed in the form of floating windows, which is higher than the bottom display in the kitchen, so Douguo Cuisine is generally more inclined to let users publish more topics. However, it is not obvious that the kitchen puts publishing and creating recipes in the upper left corner. The kitchen pays attention to buying raw materials and then learning to do it. Seeing recipes-collecting raw materials-buying raw materials-cooking, uploading-sharing, the process is complete.

2) On the main interface classification

Today’s latest, boutique menu and video zone in bean and fruit cuisine are actually recipes. We can consider merging today’s latest and boutique menus into one entrance and then diverting them. For the kitchen, the four categories in the main interface are all drainage processes. In order to drain the e-commerce, the chef’s question and answer is to supplement the lack of recipes. The leaderboard is slightly duplicated with the following popular recipes this week. The leaderboard is a boutique menu with edited attributes, including video recipes.

3) Using the scene

The kitchen is divided into three scenes: breakfast, lunch and dinner in the middle of the home page. After opening, it is the work uploaded by the user, and there are links to the corresponding recipes. At this point, you can like to comment on the kitchen friends, and you can try the recipes. User works and recipes form a closed loop.

4) Material purchase

When going to the kitchen, it is considered that users sometimes want to cook a dish, but they don’t want to buy it for the time being. For example, they want to go home and see what ingredients and seasonings are missing before buying it. At this time, they can use the shopping basket to prevent the shopping cart from being messy. The shopping basket is classified according to the recipe. But on the other hand, this undoubtedly adds one more link to the process from reading recipes to buying, and may also lose users in this link. Users can consider adding if they need it.

(3) Classification navigation comparison

The top row is the classification of bean and fruit food, and the bottom row is the classification of the kitchen.

Judging from the practicality of the whole secondary menu, the simpler the menu, the less depth it has, and the easier it is for users to accept. For example, the kitchen belongs to the classification interface menu, which can be seen without clicking on the popular classification. You can see the menu with more views by clicking on a classification at will, and you can reach the classified menu in one step without the need for users to select it many times. But it is not very clear how the recommended menu crosses many choices and enters my field of vision. If beans and fruits can be combined to make users achieve the ultimate goal of recipes with as few operations as possible, plus the current screening of classified recipes (the best comprehensive, the most collected and the most done), it will be excellent.

From the classification icon, the classification icon of bean and fruit food is in the upper left corner, and you can’t see what this icon is for at a glance. Maybe bean and fruit food is more inclined to let users search for keywords themselves; Go to the kitchen and put the menu classification in the obvious position on the home page, giving users who have no idea a direct entrance choice.

From the use of the scene, the kitchen to join the dormitory, banquet, picnic and other scenes. Considering the poor cooking materials of the student party in the dormitory, it is also a large number of users. Bean and fruit food also has scenes such as two-person world and moon meal, but it doesn’t seem to be so intuitive.

(4) E-commerce

1) the whole

The top line of the above picture is the e-commerce interface of bean and fruit food, and the bottom line is the e-commerce interface of the kitchen.

From the layout of the interface, they are all up and down, and all the elements are classification, recommendation (store or commodity), theme or special show, and the above the fold interface has advertisements for its main products. The advertising area in the kitchen is too large.

The search function of bean and fruit food is repetitive, and the jump interface is the same after operation. I feel that it is enough to leave one in the upper right corner and the upper middle of the screen.

From the way of classification, it seems similar, but it has different emphasis. The secondary menu of bean and fruit food is a little small, so it is not easy to choose accurately. The classification of bean and fruit food includes semi-finished products, grain and oil seasoning, baked chefs, snack foods, selected fresh foods, imported foods, drinks and tea, kitchen appliances and many other categories. Among them, the semi-finished products are placed in the first place in the classification label, which is enough to show that the bean and fruit food attaches importance to the sales of semi-finished products. The market in the kitchen is divided into baking, fresh fruits and vegetables, utensils, convenience foods, imported foods, condiments and other categories, and the categories are also very complete. The kitchen also operates UGC’s gourmet products, aiming at small freshness and long tail.

From the product interface, the typesetting of the product description in the kitchen is more comfortable, the text is large, and there is a link to introduce it. The author opened the label of convenience food at will, and even saw the rice noodles of Funiutang, and the story of Funiutang was also in it, which opened Mr. Snail Powder at will and increased his knowledge of Snail Powder. Sometimes it may be important to evaluate, but the introduction information of the product before buying is also a key factor to determine whether you are interested in this product. Bean and fruit food is similar to the goods and introduction of Taobao interface, focusing on the evaluation and authority of the store (authentic guarantee, direct supply of origin, after-sales guarantee, authoritative supervision and so on).

Regarding the payment method, Douguo Cuisine supports Alipay, WeChat, Apple Pay and UnionPay card. The kitchen supports Alipay and WeChat payment, and no other entrance has been opened.

It is worth noting that in personalized recommendation, Douguo Cuisine will recommend ingredients according to a person’s collected recipes, and will also recommend your promotional products (I don’t know if the order of promotional products is personalized). At this point, the kitchen is a way to recommend good shops and give users more choices.

In addition, among the hot topics in the kitchen, early adopters need members’ points, and members’ points need to buy products on the platform. There are points thresholds and rules, which stimulate the purchase desire of users who love early adopters on the platform and stimulate the operation of the entire e-commerce platform. Bean and fruit food is to use the countdown to snap up to lure impulsive users, which seems to be less creative than other e-commerce companies.

(5) Purchase process

Douguo gourmet

Xia kitchen

Compared with the kitchen, Douguo Cuisine now supports more payment methods. Besides Alipay and WeChat payment, it also supports UnionPay card payment (including credit card and savings card) and Douguo wallet. But at present, the bean and fruit wallet comes from the appreciation gained by uploading works. There are coupons for both products, but there are no coupons for the first order of Douguo Cuisine. New users in the kitchen will get two coupons to encourage them to place orders (but the deadline is three months, which is a bit long, and users will forget it).

(6) community

Both the kitchen and the bean-and-fruit food are classified into communities. The above one is a community of bean-and-fruit food, which is called circle; The following is a community in the kitchen, called mailbox.

For bean and fruit food, you can choose to join the circle you are interested in, or read the post directly. Except for the first three circles, the names of the circles may not have such a strong purpose. Only by clicking in can you know what is written in them, usually the cooking and cooking stories written by users. You can comment or pay attention to a user, but there is no private message function, and the interaction is based on openness, so the sociality is not so strong.

For the kitchen, there is nothing in the mailbox without adding a kitchen friend, which plays the role of feedback. The surrounding area, market discussion area and offline kitchen friends’ club are hidden in the upper right corner, presumably in order to concentrate on communicating with kitchen friends instead of chatting in groups. However, the interaction between the users on the platform and the kitchen is enhanced.

Going to the kitchen guides offline interaction through positioning. Independent of the discussion group, it is speculated that it may be easier for the kitchen friends around to learn cooking offline, and encourage and facilitate the offline communication of users. Including the Kitchen Friends Society, it also guides online users to the offline. For Douguo cuisine, there are indeed some experience stores in some cities, but they have not yet become large-scale. Before they become large-scale, it is suggested to establish more offline activities to make fans from all over the world form a scale and promote the formation of offline experience stores.

(7) Login interface

1) Registration process

• Bean and fruit food: register → fill in the mobile phone number, get the verification code, fill in the verification code → fill in the nickname, set the password → enter the homepage.
• Go to the kitchen: register → fill in the mobile phone number, get the verification code → confirm the number and send a message → fill in the verification code, set the password → improve the nickname and avatar, and finish → enter the home page.

In terms of the number of overall process steps, there will be multiple steps of verification and confirmation in the kitchen, but there is no step of setting nicknames in the kitchen. After registration, they all go to the personal information interface. You can consider going to the home page to make a guide for users to use it for the first time.

2) Login process

The login process includes entering the mobile phone number/email address and password to log in. Both products support QQ, Sina Weibo third-party login, Douguo Cuisine supports WeChat login, and the kitchen supports Douban login, which is the difference between the two third-party login.

For accounts with third-party login mode, you can find the mobile phone number or email address, and there is no need to improve the mobile phone number or email address information.

For the account with wrong password, there is no hint of wrong password for Douguo Gourmet, but there is a hint of password mismatch in the kitchen.

Temporary login: the kitchen supports temporary login of SMS verification code, which is a bit cumbersome, but it does not support WeChat login for the time being, which is also a transitional way. It is suggested that temporary SMS login can be removed after supporting WeChat login.

(8) Design comparison of food search function

In terms of classification and layout, the search of bean and fruit food is classified into three categories: menu, user and commodity. The default is menu, and there are three categories under the search box, which has a friendly interface. The kitchen is divided into three categories: recipes, kitchen friends and menus. The menus are uploaded by users, which have more social attributes than bean and fruit food, and bean and fruit food has more e-commerce attributes than the kitchen.

In the related search display, the bean and fruit food search broccoli got more related searches.

1. Accurate advertising

There are generally three positions for advertising in the kitchen: one is to start the interface. Recently, electrical appliances and snacks are more common, and their own platforms are operated, which is equivalent to advertising themselves; Second, it is placed on the lower side of the homepage of the recipe. At present, it is mainly the baking college competition and the soft text of milk powder. There may be soft text advertisements of e-commerce companies such as Tmall, and some activities belong to their own platforms; The third is the advertisement of ingredients or tools in the menu.

2. E-commerce sharing

(1) E-commerce commission mode of cooperation with C-side sellers

Different from e-commerce platforms such as Taobao, the market is the beginning of long-tail categories, which are short-boards sold on Taobao. Taobao’s comments on food are different from clothes, and users often can’t give detailed, vivid and rich comments, which makes it difficult for users to directly make purchase decisions on unfamiliar foods through comments. Therefore, Taobao’s decision-making system can’t well bear the long-tail food of the minority in the kitchen and housing market, which provides opportunities for the vertical product of the food community.

Most of the businesses in the city are consumers. What is more distinctive is that many businesses sell homemade food, coupled with a strong description of "literary style" and word-of-mouth publicity from the community, forming a unique vertical e-commerce for food products.

(2) Cooperate with B-side merchants

Earn traffic commission by cooperating with electrical appliances merchants; Promote the e-commerce of other big brands through some soft-text advertisements.

3. Peripheral consumer goods

The kitchen and the platform’s gourmet experts cooperate to publish food books, and earn commissions in the form of food writers and e-commerce.

1. Accurate advertising

There are generally three positions in the advertisement of bean and fruit food: one is the start page, and the pop-up advertisement on the home page after the start page, which is the activity advertisement of most cooperative businesses; Second, the advertisements of other well-known e-commerce companies in the home menu list (JD.COM, Tmall, etc.); The third is the advertisement of ingredients in the menu.

2. E-commerce sharing

There are B-end merchants and C-end merchants in the purchased goods. Similar to the kitchen, we earn commissions by cooperating with B-end merchants and earning platform profits by certifying C-end merchants.

3. offline experience store activities

By organizing experience activities offline, periodic activities will teach you how to make delicious dishes, create an offline fan economy, create a good reputation, and realize online diversion of offline activities.

4. Data output

By analyzing users’ behaviors and excavating the shopping habits of mainstream users, it is beneficial for kitchen appliances manufacturers to design products and for technology companies to monitor the indicators of health management software.

From the initial positioning point of view, Douguo Cuisine and Kitchen are both from the category of gourmet cookbooks, and they have similar basic functions of cookbooks, which is the basic condition for gathering users, making the user attributes of the two products somewhat homogeneous.

From the main business point of view, bean and fruit food and kitchen both include recipes, vertical e-commerce and social elements.

But from the menu function, the interactive experience of bean and fruit food is better. One-click purchase, comment barrage, learn to take photos and collect in the form of floating window, so that users can purchase, comment, transmit works and collect no matter where they go to the menu. The effect of hanging window is different from the display mode of bottom navigation, which is more in line with the display mode of secondary menu. However, there are many options for hanging windows, which are not centralized and easily distract users’ attention. We can consider reducing the options in hanging windows. It is suggested that only one-click purchase, comment and collection should be left, and comments should be placed at the end of the article. Only after learning to do this dish will there be a need to upload works. Therefore, it does not belong to the demand of high frequency, and it is more appropriate to put it at the end of the article.

Comparatively speaking, the interface font of the kitchen is relatively large. At the bottom of the menu are options similar to the navigation at the bottom of the home page, including collection, (one-click purchase), adding menus, and the lack of boundaries between options in interaction is not so smooth. The food basket and the menu are a little repetitive, and the menu is a little repetitive with the collection. The menu belongs to the collection, but there is an option of classification. It is suggested to simplify the hierarchical relationship of this part and classify the recipes in your collection.

From the perspective of business model, advertising revenue and e-commerce cooperation revenue are the similarities of their profits.

From slogan’s point of view, the "opening a delicious life" of bean and fruit food and the "only food and love can’t live up to it" in the kitchen are more literary and artistic, which is in line with the writing habits of young literary and artistic groups. Later propaganda can also start from the stories of food and love of such groups; Bean and fruit food is universal, simple and easy to understand, and can be accepted by food lovers of any age, but it is also easy to forget and exclusive.

From the development direction, the lower kitchen is biased towards social elements, and the bean and fruit cuisine is biased towards the construction of smart kitchens. At present, the kitchen has been able to interact with the surrounding kitchen friends based on LBS positioning, private messages, attention, and even check the other’s friends, offline dinners and other deep social factors, while the bean and fruit cuisine is still in the process of establishing a weak relationship and has not built deep social elements. The focus of bean and fruit food is to cooperate with kitchen appliance companies to build smart kitchens. The difference in strategic direction may make the target customers of the kitchen and the bean and fruit food different.

From the business model, bean and fruit foods tend to export big data, and cooperate with kitchen and electrical enterprises to form a new economy of smart kitchen. The core is to provide consumers with intelligent interactive experience, and beans and fruits provide content to promote brand marketing. The kitchen seems to cooperate with fresh e-commerce, and wants to improve the shortcomings of its fresh e-commerce in the supply chain and logistics providers. This also makes the two different. The cultivation of bean and fruit food for food eating white can start from the smart kitchen, attract a large number of peripheral users, go to the kitchen to deepen community users and improve the fresh e-commerce market.

1. Cut into the live broadcast platform to help social elements.

Learn from the live nom made by the founder of YouTube, take food as the theme, and decentralize it, so that every user has the opportunity to share his own food story (which may be related to travel), and can broadcast the process of making a certain food, enjoy the food, how to run a restaurant, or any story related to food. You can cooperate with the big names in the food industry, or with the stars who like to bask in food, so as to increase the entertainment and authority of the live broadcast. （nom）

2. Increase the search portal of mainstream social media and recommend more friends who love food.

At present, the bean and fruit food is in the format of sharing pictures, and the pictures are shared with other social media in the form of text and QR code, thus achieving the function of drainage. However, it may be more intuitive if we share our works on Douguo in the form of articles with an attractive title, and add the entrance to download and open the Douguo gourmet APP in the article.

In addition, from the perspective of content operators, at present, Douguo cuisine supports the menu in the form of video, but does not support sharing. You can consider sharing the intuitive and beautiful things (fine articles+fine videos) in the form of articles, which will have a great influence according to seasons and hot events.

3. Add scene elements

Some scenes can be designed according to the living conditions of users of some mainstream age groups to attract the user groups in this scene. For example, keywords such as dormitory, light meals at work and weekends are added to remind users that "Hey, even if you don’t have perfect kitchen utensils and environment, you still have the right to enjoy a gourmet life ~" "Hey, friend! Let’s cook a new dish at the weekend ~ "(Sorted)

If you have a healthy diet card, you can consider diverting users and operating a universally recognized organic field. This operation may be troublesome. If you think about it in the long run, you can first lay out the layout from the perspective of finding a partner.

Considering that the development direction of bean and fruit food tends to cooperate with kitchen electrical appliances enterprises to launch the life concept of smart kitchen, there should not be only fast food and dry goods for semi-finished modules, because it does not meet the requirements of ordinary users for three meals and the pursuit of nutrition. It is suggested to add some scenes, such as the recommendation of a basket of ingredients in the autumn essential weekly recipe, packaging semi-finished products according to the ingredients in the recipe, and trying to don’t make them think.

For the ingredients that need to be reprocessed by users, we can consider indicating the commonly used dishes and how to deal with them on the packaging, so as to provide sufficient food service for Xiaobai users. In this respect, we can consider cooperating with fresh logistics enterprises such as Shunfeng to build fast delivery of semi-finished products with fresh quality.

4. Add sharing economic elements.

At present, the users of bean and fruit food are concentrated in super-first-tier cities and first-tier cities, and the economic base is middle class. We can try to use the sharing economy, such as renting picnic tools, kitchen space, and cooking local food in middle school during the trip, which is a good starting point for the lower middle class or the student party.

1. Drainage: Providing venues for domestic online food programs.

There is no doubt that the popularity of "Tip of the Tongue 2" has also ignited bean and fruit food, but because "Tip of the Tongue 2" is a TV program, the age difference of the audience involved will be relatively large. It is a good choice to invest in a well-known domestic food network program for bean and fruit cuisine whose main users are 25-35 years old.

The form of investment is not limited to simple sponsorship, but can be considered to provide a venue to make travel and food together.

2. Drainage and activation: cooperation with local folk markets.

If the number and scale of offline experience stores of Douguo are not yet mature, we can consider cooperating with private markets, such as Beijing’s organic farmers’ market, "Wood Eating Tok", etc., and we can consider gathering e-commerce companies to do offline activities to supplement the modular needs of these centralized users for semi-finished products and gourmet classes.

3. Promotion and retention: LBS positioning function is added to make social interaction high-frequency.

The surrounding modules of the kitchen are crowded with foodies who know their distance, but there may be no clear business model to cut into the social module of the gourmet APP because of lack of organization. You can consider adding labels of personal information, such as personality, food and other habit nodes, starting from personal behavior, so that others can know you better, thus generating social relations.

4. Drainage and promotion: Cooperation with WeChat official account, where domestic foodies gather.

Inviting WeChat official account Big V, a domestic foodie gathering, to cooperate, starting with the content, others provide the content, and we provide the platform and e-commerce entrance to form a mutually beneficial and win-win food ecosystem. At present, there have been some authors of the content of bean and fruit food who have drained it from their personal WeChat official account. If we can cooperate with similar large-scale food, we can make the bean and fruit food have enough traffic entry in WeChat WeChat official account and import it into the bean and fruit food, which will be considered as mutual benefit and win-win.

Specific ways can be achieved by adding "Welcome to join the Douguo Food Community to buy a basket of ingredients and know more about eating" and other graphics and links at the back of WeChat official account Da V’s article, so as to achieve the purpose of drainage.

Further, we can set up an offline activity community centered on gourmet experts, so that the whole community of bean and fruit food can be divided. Users will choose communities based on their preference for eating (the main factor) and their preference for age and education (the secondary factor), which will be conducive to online and offline activity after being divided into small communities.

　

Author: Turing, a sentimental Internet practitioner, Aspen, WeChat official account: focusing on small emotions for several years.

This article was originally published by @Turing. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

ZhangJike & Jing Tian

1905 movie network news Today, the relationship between ZhangJike and Jing Tian has made new progress, and it has attracted much attention since many real hammers of interaction between them were ripped out by netizens.First, ZhangJike was photographed visiting Jing Tian’s crew, and they stayed in the same hotel successively. In the photo, Jing Tian’s assistant and the driver greeted ZhangJike together, which shows that the staff around them are already quite familiar with each other. Later, some media broke the picture of two people kissing sweetly in the car, and some netizens speculated that the "style love" between men and women was an open rhythm!

As the saying goes, style is inseparable, and the entertainment circle and the sports circle are inextricably linked. I don’t know when it started, "style love" has become a trend, both at home and abroad. There are ZhangJike and Jing Tian who are ambiguous, Tian Liang and Ye Yixi, Zhou Shiming and Ran Yingying who are as loving as ever before, and Beckham and Bessie Victoria outside. What is the state of these combined "style love" now?

Kong Linghui & Masu

Kong Linghui & Masu

The love affair between ZhangJike and Jing Tian is not the first time that the table tennis team has had an affair with an entertainment star. In those days, Kong Linghui and his ex-girlfriend Masu, known as the prince of table tennis, also attracted much attention. The two became attached to each other in 2002 because of advertising shooting, and their relationship continued to heat up after falling in love at first sight. The two have been in love for 11 years. Although the news of breaking up has been heard many times during this period, both of them supported each other and moved forward hand in hand, but they finally got separated at the fork of the road of "gathering less and leaving more", which is embarrassing.

Liu Xuan & Wang Tao

Liu Xuan & Wang Tao

The combination of gymnastics and classical music can be thought of as elegance. Liu Xuan, who is known as the queen of gymnastics, and her husband Wang Mi are such a combination. According to friends in the circle, the two became attached to each other because of He Jiong, and their common interests in sports and music brought them together. In 2009, Wang Mao participated in a draft competition, and Liu Xuan appeared to help out, and his love affair was exposed. In 2012, they got married in Las Vegas in a low-key way, ending an 11-year long-distance love run, and now they have a son.

Gaofeng & Naying

Gaofeng & Naying

In the past, the relationship between the former international player Gao Feng, who was called the "prodigal son", and Na Ying, the Chinese queen, was once passed down as a "style love". At first, they were at a party, and they chatted very congenially because they were both Shenyang people. Later, they often played cards and gradually developed into a lover relationship. Finally, it was not easy for them to enter the marriage hall under the pressure and resistance of all parties. However, although they were happy to have a son later, they failed to stop this relationship that lasted for more than ten years. Although many people feel unworthy of Na Ying after the divorce, when love is a thing of the past, it is meaningless to investigate who has paid more.

Chou Shiming & Ran Yingying

Chou Shiming & Ran Yingying

Zou Shiming, a professional boxer, has always been a tough guy, but he has a beautiful wife, Ran Yingying, who is the anchor at home. The two met at an event in their hometown of Guiyang. At that time, they fell in love with beautiful women at first sight, and after their first date, it was seal it with a kiss. In 2011, Zou Shiming proposed to Ran Yingying with the first Olympic gold medal in the boxing history of China, which showed the tenderness and romance of this tough guy. In the same year, they got married in Zunyi, Guizhou, and now they have two sons, Zhou Mingxuan and Minghao Zou. Yesterday, Ran Yingying also sent Weibo a long article on their 7th wedding anniversary to express her husband’s confession, recalling the past, which was touching.

Liu Xiang & Ge Tian

Liu Xiang & Ge Tian

This relationship between Liu Xiang and Ge Tian used to be heated. The two fell in love in May 2014 and got married in September of the same year. However, this marriage only lasted for 10 months and broke up because of the so-called personality disagreement. This relationship can be summed up in one word, that is, "flash", and the reason why the two people changed is still doubtful. Today, Liu Xiang has entered her second marriage, and married China high jumper Wu Sha in Fiji in September 2016.

Tian Liang & Ye Yixi

Tian Liang & Ye Yixi

The relationship between Tian Liang and Ye Yixi is also very romantic. In 2005, Tian Liang, who was preparing for the National Games, informally met Ye Yixi, who was crying with pear blossoms and rain, on the live broadcast of the Super Girl draft, and they met at a friend’s party a year later. The two men, who are both competitive, got to know each other at first, but they were full of gunpowder. It was not until Tian Liang clumsily gave away 99 roses that they slowly dissolved. Then they started a secret relationship. In November 2007, they got married by giving birth to their son. Now they have a pair of children, and the husband and wife are as sweet as ever. This can also be said to be a model of "style love" for golden couple.

　　Cctv news(Reporter Wang Xiaoying) At 9: 00 am on May 22nd, the 2021 (4th) Yellow River Shilin Mountain Marathon and Rural Revitalization Healthy Run was held in the Yellow River Shilin Scenic Area. However, due to the sudden extreme weather, there were severe weather such as hail, freezing rain and strong wind, and the temperature plummeted, and some participants were unwell and lost their temperature. As of the morning of 23rd, according to the emergency rescue headquarters of the Yellow River Shilin Mountain Marathon cross-country race, the last person who lost contact in this race has been found, but there is no vital sign, which means that 21 people were killed in this incident.

　　Contestant: Before the start of the race, the dark clouds were very windy.

　　According to the information released by the organizer, the event is divided into three groups: healthy running, 21 km cross-country race and 100 km cross-country race. According to the information released by the organizer, the number of participants in the competition is close to 10 thousand. Among them, 172 people participated in the 100 km cross-country race.　

　　A runner who has participated in the marathon many times told reporters that this time she only participated in the healthy run. The wind was particularly strong before the race, and the dark clouds were very scared. Some people at the scene only wore short-sleeved shorts. After hiking for several kilometers, she felt too cold and returned.

Site map released by running friends

　　Another runner who participated in the cross-country running, "Wandering in the South", also confirmed this point: on the morning of the match day, it was sunny and sunny. At the moment of going down to car ferry, the sky turned cloudy, and then the wind started, and the somatosensory temperature dropped instantly. Taking part in the 100-kilometer cross-country race, the athlete ran two kilometers to warm up before shooting, which is something that has never happened before. What’s more troublesome is that he didn’t get hot after running these two kilometers.

　　At noon, there was sudden hail, freezing rain and strong wind. The runner was soaked to the skin, found a relatively sheltered place, took out a thermal blanket, wrapped it in his body, and was blown away by the wind in an instant. A contestant’s insulation blanket was directly shredded by the strong wind. Wearing gloves, ten fingers felt nothing, so he decided to quit the race and go down the mountain. On the way down the mountain, he judged that he had lost his temperature.

　　According to the information released by the rescue headquarters, at about 1 noon that day, the high-altitude stage of the 100-kilometer cross-country race was 20 kilometers — 31 kilometers away, affected by sudden extreme weather, severe weather such as hail, freezing rain and strong wind occurred in the local area, and the temperature plummeted. The contestants felt unwell and lost temperature, and some of them lost contact. Then the local authorities stopped the competition and organized various forces to search and rescue the lost personnel.

　　Multi-forces involved in rescue and rescue: it is difficult to search and rescue on the track.　

　　After stopping the competition, local organizations such as firefighting, armed police, public security, Blue Sky Rescue Team and Gansu Ark Rescue Team participated in the search and rescue.

　　Li Yuanhui, detachment leader of Baiyin Fire Rescue Detachment, told the reporter that the first batch of 25 rescuers arrived at the scene at 5 pm on the 22nd to start search and rescue, and he arrived with reinforcements at 8 pm.

Night search and rescue

　　"The biggest difficulty in search and rescue is that the road is not easy to walk. Some cars can’t get in, so they can only walk. Some roads have no signal, so they are contacted by satellite phone." Li Yuanhui told reporters that the search and rescue roads are mainly from CP2 to CP4, and the stage is about 14 kilometers, which belongs to the more difficult part of the whole track. The situation is more complicated.

　　Due to the complex terrain and landforms in the stage, and the temperature dropping again at night, the search and rescue is more difficult.

　　"In the end, we entered the track from CP2 and CP4 respectively, and the two search and rescue teams walked in opposite directions, looking for the victims one by one." Rescuers searched and rescued twice, and finally found 21 victims by combining the list of lost persons and the location of mobile phone signals.

Tournament roadmap

　　The reporter noted that the Yellow River Stone Forest Scenic Area is located in the transition zone between the Loess Plateau and Tengger Desert, and the terrain is generally high in the southwest and northeast and low in the middle. Mi Jiashan and Songshan in the north-central, Hunan Mountain and Songjialiang Mountain in the south belong to the residual veins of Qilian Mountain. The route of the 100-kilometer cross-country race in this competition is the entrance of the Yellow River Stone Forest Scenic Area (starting point) — Baozigou Square — Observation deck — Changsheng village — Zhujiayao — Fujiaxian — Jinping village — Qijiaquan — Baozigou Square (end point).

　　According to Li Yuanhui, the 21st victim’s sight was hidden because he fell off the cliff, so he needed to get close to see it, which led to the search and rescue at night and was not found until the daytime search and rescue on the 23rd.

　　Gansu has set up an accident investigation team.

　　For this competition, the reporter interviewed Mr. Zhu, who specializes in organizing cross-country competitions in China. He told the reporter that it is necessary to organize cross-country competitions, communication security, medical security and emergency plans. In terms of communication guarantee, especially in the case of poor mountain signal, the organizing Committee will set up a radio relay station, and the walkie-talkie is mandatory for each player to carry, so as to ensure that the players can communicate throughout the track. On the other hand, plans for extreme weather must be made.

　　On May 23rd, the rescue headquarters held a press conference to announce the latest situation of search and rescue. Zhang Xuchen, Mayor of Baiyin City, said that the incident was a public safety incident due to sudden change of local weather, and the provincial party committee and government had set up an incident investigation team to further investigate the cause of the incident. Zhang Xuchen said: "As the organizer of the event, we feel deeply guilty and self-reproach, and express our deep condolences to the victims and express our deep condolences to the families of the victims and the injured."

Inventory is an unavoidable problem for e-commerce companies, and it is also the life door for e-commerce companies. Problems in supply chain management are often reflected in inventory, either too much inventory leads to slow sales or too little inventory leads to out of stock.

Inventory management, as its name implies, is to manage the quantity of goods. In general, we can divide it into sales inventory and warehouse inventory.

Sales inventory can also be called foreground inventory, which is the inventory quantity facing the user’s latitude.

Warehouse inventory, which can also be called background inventory, is the inventory quantity oriented to warehouse latitude.

Sales inventory and warehouse inventory, the specific details of which we will introduce in later articles.

The most important behaviors that affect warehouse inventory are warehousing and warehousing.

Warehousing refers to how many commodities have been added, such as purchase warehousing, return warehousing, transfer warehousing, production warehousing, inventory warehousing and other warehousing.

Issue refers to how many commodities have been reduced. Common issues include sales issue, purchase return issue, transfer issue, inventory loss issue and other issues.

In order to better explain the contents of goods in and out of the warehouse (inventory management), according to the process, we will first introduce the basic business in the warehouse, including location introduction, allocation business and inventory business.

In order to better manage the goods, warehouses are generally divided into one cargo space. In this way, every time the goods are put into storage, they will be associated with a location, and when the goods are put out of storage, the location of the goods will be associated with the sorting list, so that the warehouse staff can find the location of the goods quickly and efficiently when distributing the goods.

Here is a way to allocate the cargo space, which also provides an idea:

The above picture is a simple plan of the distribution area, which can be divided into several rows. Each row is named A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, and each row has many shelves. Combined with the naming of each row, we name each shelf A01, A02, A03, A04, A05 and A06.

The above picture shows a simple shelf. This shelf is named A01, which can be divided into four floors. Each floor is named A01-1, A01-2, A01-3 and A01-4. For each cargo space, we name it A01-1-01, A01-1-02 and A01-1-03.

(1) List of cargo positions

The prototype is relatively simple, so I don’t need to describe it too much here. It is just a configuration page and a display list page, which contains the most basic information such as warehouse, location and status.

Transfer is mainly used to adjust the inventory quantity in the warehouse. Putting the right goods in the right warehouse/location can be divided into intra-warehouse transfer and inter-warehouse transfer.

Intra-warehouse transfer: it can also be called location inventory transfer, which is generally the adjustment of the internal inventory of the warehouse. For example, the goods are transferred from the goods with sufficient inventory to the goods with insufficient inventory, which is convenient for picking goods and managing the inventory of the goods.

Inter-warehouse transfer: it can also be called warehouse inventory transfer, which is generally the adjustment of inventory between warehouses. For example, goods are transferred from Hangzhou warehouse to Shanghai warehouse.

The flow of transfer business mainly revolves around the transfer of transfer documents, involving business personnel, transfer-out warehouse and transfer-in warehouse, from the creation of transfer documents by business personnel to the creation of transfer issue documents by transfer information transfer to transfer-out warehouse, and then to the creation of transfer receipt documents by transfer information transfer to transfer-in warehouse.

(1) business personnel, according to the actual demand to create a transfer form, and submit it for approval.

(2) Relevant personnel review the transfer form. If the review fails, they need to re-edit and submit it.

(3) Transfer out the warehouse, and create a transfer issue document according to the approved transfer document. Of course, the transfer issue document can also select one or several commodities in the transfer document according to the actual situation, and fill in the actual issue quantity.

(4) Transfer to the warehouse, create a transfer receipt document according to the transfer document and the issue document, and do the warehousing operation according to the actual situation.

(5) Expenses incurred in the process of financial settlement and allocation

(1) Transfer billing

Transfer billing is the first step of transfer business in the system. First, you need to select the most basic transfer-out warehouse and transfer-in warehouse, and then select the goods that need to be transferred, and the goods will reach sku latitude. The system will calculate the quantity of goods that can be transferred according to the rules (the specific calculation method of the quantity that can be transferred will be introduced later when we introduce the inventory details), maintain the actual quantity of goods transferred this time, and select the transfer-in location (the transfer-in location will read the location information of the corresponding warehouse according to the basic information).

(2) Transfer Sheet Management

All transfer documents are displayed here. Transfer documents need to be approved here before subsequent transfer-out and transfer-in operations can be carried out.

Status of transfer document:

• Being Edited: equivalent to the draft status, the transfer document can be modified and then submitted for approval.
• Canceled: the document is cancelled, which means the document has been voided.
• Pending approval: the transfer application has been submitted, but it has not been approved.
• Approved: the transfer application has passed, and you can issue it.
• Pending issue: the transfer issue document has been generated, but it has not been approved.
• Partial issue: some goods in the transfer document have been issued.
• Issued: all goods in the transfer document have been issued.
• Pending receipt: the transfer receipt document has been generated, but it has not been approved.
• Partial receipt: some goods in the transfer document have been received.
• Completed: all the goods in the transfer document have been received.

Inventory refers to the total or partial inventory of the physical inventory in the warehouse, so as to truly grasp the goods status during the period, and thus improve and strengthen management.

General invoicing systems provide strict warehousing management, so theoretically, the inventory quantity of the system is consistent with the actual inventory quantity of the warehouse. However, in actual operation, it is inevitable that there will be mistakes and omissions in delivery, or that the process will not be followed. At this time, there will be a mismatch between the theoretical inventory and the actual inventory in the warehouse.

After counting, if the actual inventory data is inconsistent with the theoretical inventory data, an inventory gain receipt document and an inventory loss issue document will be automatically generated to adjust the inventory quantity. Regular inventory not only ensures the accuracy of inventory data, avoids oversold and other phenomena, but also can grasp the problems in inventory operation in time.

Regular inventory not only ensures the accuracy of inventory data, but also can grasp the problems in inventory operation in time and avoid oversold. After counting, if the inventory data are inconsistent, an inventory profit and loss sheet will be generated. The seller can check the inventory changes in the inventory management interface or check the inventory ledger to check what links caused the inventory inaccuracy.

The business mainly focuses on the circulation of inventory sheets, starting from the creation of inventory sheets by business parties, entering inventory, and automatically generating inventory gain receipt documents and inventory loss issue documents to correct the inventory after the inventory is completed.

(1) business personnel, according to the actual demand to create inventory list, and submit it for review.

(2) Relevant personnel shall review the inventory list. If the review fails, it needs to be re-edited and submitted.

(3) the warehouse personnel, according to the inventory list for inventory entry of goods, enter the actual inventory quantity.

(4) According to the comparison between the counting quantity and the inventory quantity, an inventory gain receipt document and an inventory loss issue document are generated.

(5) Relevant personnel review the inventory gain receipt document and inventory loss issue document (if the inventory document personnel are the reviewers, they can be directly approved by default), so as to correct the inventory.

(1) Inventory billing

Inventory billing is the first step of inventory operation, and our inventory process starts here. Inventory billing is mainly used to select inventory warehouse, inventory goods and other information. After clicking Save/Submit for approval, inventory sheets can be generated, and the generated inventory documents can be displayed in the inventory sheet management interface.

(2) Inventory sheet management

It is mainly used to query and manage the inventory list, where we can review the inventory list, enter the inventory and other operations.

Inventory sheet status:

• Being Edited: equivalent to the draft status, the inventory list can be modified and then submitted for approval.
• Canceled: the document is cancelled, which means the document has been voided.
• Pending approval: the inventory application has been submitted, but it has not been approved.
• To be counted: the counting application has been approved, but it has not been entered yet. You can enter the counting sheet.
• Completed: the inventory entry is completed and the inventory is finished.

(3) Inventory entry

This is mainly used to enter the real quantity of goods in the inventory list. After the inventory is completed, the business personnel fill in the actual inventory quantity. After saving, the inventory entry process is completed, and the system will follow the new and original inventory data. If the input quantity is inconsistent with the inventory quantity, the system will automatically generate an inventory gain receipt document and an inventory loss issue document.

This paper mainly introduces the basic business in the warehouse, including location introduction, transfer business and inventory counting business. The following articles will introduce the warehousing management and warehousing management that directly affect inventory data. Finally, the details of sales inventory for user latitude and warehouse inventory for warehouse latitude will be introduced as a whole. Welcome all interested parties to communicate together.

E-commerce back-office system: account management in the management back-office (1)

E-commerce background system: managing the security, menu and notification management of background articles (2)

E-commerce back-office system: management of back-office procurement management (executive layer)

　

Author: Nonsense, WeChat WeChat official account: dianshanghoutai.

This article was originally published by @ nonsense. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

　　According to the Voice of China report, nuclear energy is clean energy and plays an important role in environmental protection and economic development. At present, China has 35 nuclear power units in operation with 33.65 million kilowatts, and 21 nuclear power units under construction with 23.9 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world in the scale of construction. However, the proportion of nuclear power in China’s total power generation is still low, accounting for only about 3%, far below the global average of 11%. International institutions predict that by 2050, the global nuclear power generation will double on the existing basis, and the proportion of power generation will reach 17% of the world’s total power generation. This also means that China’s nuclear energy development must be accelerated.

　　The power of nuclear energy is also frightening. There are Chernobyl far away and Fukushima in Japan recently. Can nuclear energy construction ensure safety? How will we outline a beautiful blueprint for development? Wang Yiren, deputy director of the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and deputy director of the National Atomic Energy Agency, gave a detailed answer to this question.

　　Question: Can a similar disaster like the Fukushima nuclear accident be avoided?

　　Recently, the maximum radiation value in the containment of Unit 2 of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan reached 650 Sv per hour, and people will die if exposed to this radiation for several tens of seconds, which once again caused public concern. Wang Yiren explained that, in fact, this is the sequela of the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan in 2011. The Fukushima nuclear accident is the result of the superposition of extreme natural disasters and improper human handling. If the relevant measures in Japan were put in place after the tsunami and earthquake at that time, this situation can be avoided today. "Improper handling, the power-off reactor is constantly emitting residual heat, and if it is not cooled, it will definitely be damaged. If the emergency is handled properly, the emergency diesel engine should be dispatched immediately to restore power supply. In addition, it is at the seaside and can be cooled by seawater. But he didn’t. He didn’t dare to use seawater for cooling. He thought the reactor would be used in the future. In fact, it has been running for 40 years. When it is time to retire, he is still reluctant to retire, which is’ Tokyo Electric Power’. "

　　In addition, nuclear power technology is the third generation, and its safety performance has been greatly improved. Once a nuclear accident occurs, it will be closed in the factory and in the reactor, which also puts a safety lock on the development of nuclear energy. According to the plan, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP will be reduced by 18%, and emissions of major pollutants including sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will be reduced by 10% to 15%. Wang Yiren said that nuclear energy is one of the best ways to achieve this goal. "Because nuclear power is a low-carbon energy source, it basically does not emit carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and basically does not emit harmful gases, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. At the same time, it is a base load energy, which can generate electricity stably. Solar energy and wind energy are clean energy sources, but they are available for a while, so it is difficult to get online, and they are not available for a while, so they cannot operate stably. Including hydropower, there is this problem. There is too little water in the dry season to provide electricity stably. "

　　Second question: Is it necessary to build a nuclear fuel industrial park?

　　During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, China’s nuclear power operation and installed capacity under construction will reach the goal of 88 million kilowatts. This must first make the nuclear power plant with power generation capacity more efficient. Previously, because China’s nuclear power plants were built near the southeast coast. The construction of nuclear fuel capacity is mainly distributed in the west, far from the concentration of nuclear power plants, and the layout is scattered. To put it simply, raw materials are too far away from power plants. Wang Yiren said that in order to solve these problems, it is necessary to build a nuclear fuel industrial park in coastal areas where nuclear power plants are relatively concentrated, and build a one-stop nuclear fuel component production and supply base. After the mass incident in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, the project of Jiangmen Industrial Park was once terminated. However, after the incident, China National Nuclear Corporation and China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation restarted the site selection work. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China National Nuclear Corporation will cooperate with China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation to build a nuclear fuel industrial park, so as to realize the diversification of investors. We will follow the pace of nuclear power development, grasp the rhythm, and steadily promote the construction of nuclear fuel industrial park. The site selection of nuclear fuel industrial park should comprehensively consider economic, technical and social factors to ensure the construction of a fuel industrial park with advanced technology and international competitiveness. After uranium resources are imported from overseas, they enter the fuel park after entering the dock, and begin to purify, transform, re-enrich uranium, manufacture components, and provide them to nearby nuclear power plants. "

　　Three questions: Why build inland nuclear power plants?

　　At present, inland sites that have already carried out preliminary work for nuclear power plants include taohuajiang, Hunan, Xianning, Hubei and Pengze, Jiangxi. Wang Yiren emphasized that at present, more than 400 nuclear power plants in the world, most of which are built in the mainland where the impact of tsunami and typhoon can be basically ignored, and a few are in the coastal areas, meet the safety requirements, and the same is true in the mainland. "Nuclear power plants built in the coastal areas are safe, but they are not safe in the mainland, and there is no such problem."

　　Why did China first build nuclear power plants along the coast and then consider inland? Wang Yiren analyzed that in the past, the demand for electricity in the southeast coast was stronger, so nuclear power plants took the lead in supporting the southeast coast. However, with the acceleration of inland economic development, the energy demand in inland areas is also increasing, and the impact of nuclear power on the environment is less than that of thermal power. "Inland areas like Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi are also short of energy. My hometown, Hunan, also lacks primary energy, so its electricity is now sent there at high voltage. As soon as we catch up with the freezing season, the high-voltage line can’t be delivered if something goes wrong. It also pulls coal from the outside to generate electricity. It may be a good choice if nuclear power is developed. "

　　Some people worry that the construction of nuclear power plants inland needs to be cooled by Yangtze River water. Wang Yiren said that this concept is wrong again. Although coastal nuclear power plants are cooled by circulating seawater, it is different in inland areas. Water towers are used. "When you go to the power plant, there is a big water tower. Its water is recycled internally. It is not discharged to the Yangtze River at all, and it will not pump water from the Yangtze River endlessly."

　　Wang Yiren revealed that if it goes well, construction of inland nuclear power plants will start during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period.

　　Question 4: What is a floating nuclear power plant at sea?

　　During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, China will also develop offshore floating nuclear power plants, also known as offshore nuclear power floating platforms. Wang Yiren explained: It is actually to build a nuclear power plant on a ship, and it is special because it is floating. The construction of offshore floating nuclear power plants is of great significance to promote the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources and the development of nuclear power technology of surface ships in China. "Now, the energy for offshore resource exploitation is basically with diesel engines and diesel oil to generate electricity. Because it is impossible to pull electricity from the mainland, this is very troublesome and not good for the marine environment. So if floating nuclear power plants can be used at sea, this problem can be solved. In addition, like the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands, there are people living, producing and living on the islands. What about their electricity consumption? Now take diesel power generation from the mainland. These problems can also be solved if the offshore nuclear power platform can be used. In addition, in the future, we will develop the Arctic, and it is very convenient to take many routes to the Arctic. "

　　At present, authoritative experts in the industry and relevant units have been organized to conduct several rounds of argumentation, and the scheme of using mature technology to build offshore floating nuclear power plants has been determined.

　　Question 5: China’s spent fuel treatment technology is 20 years worse than India’s? What is the progress of China’s nuclear industry going global?

　　Spent fuel, also known as irradiated nuclear fuel, is irradiated and used nuclear fuel, usually produced by nuclear reactors of nuclear power plants. The uranium content of this fuel is reduced, so it can’t continue to maintain the nuclear reaction, so it is called spent fuel. Spent fuel contains a lot of radioactive elements, so if it is not properly treated, it will seriously affect the environment and the health of people who come into contact with them. The disposal of spent fuel is the back end of nuclear energy utilization, which is also one of the last links in the nuclear industry chain. Wang Yiren introduced that China has determined the technical route that the closed cycle of nuclear fuel and the development of nuclear energy must develop post-treatment. "We are now taking post-treatment of spent fuel, cutting it into sections by chemical methods and extraction methods, and soaking it in the solution to extract it. Put something useful out, dry it into powder after it is put out, and then make it into components. "

　　Wang Yiren said that people still do not master the technology of large-scale nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Therefore, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, key technologies of post-processing will be tackled. It is understood that in terms of post-processing capacity, we will take three steps. At present, we have built 60 tons of post-processing capacity, the second step is to build 200 tons of industrial capacity, and the third step is to build a large-scale commercial post-processing capacity, which is 800 tons. "Before we fully master the post-processing technology, we will cooperate with France to build an 800-ton post-processing plant to solve our problem of spent fuel post-processing."

　　Previously, some people thought that China’s spent fuel treatment technology was worse than India’s for nearly 20 years. Wang Yiren responded that this statement is inaccurate. It will take about five years at most to catch up with India and 10 to 15 years to catch up with the international advanced level. "Because it takes more than ten years to build an 800-ton reprocessing plant. Now the highest level of post-processing is France. To catch up with France, we must first build an 800-ton factory and run it stably in order to prove that we can catch up with France. "

　　A complete industrial chain of nuclear industry has been established, and the pace of nuclear power going abroad will be further accelerated. Now, countries including Britain, South Africa and Argentina have extended an olive branch of cooperation to China’s nuclear power products. Wang Yiren introduced: "One is Hualong No.1, the other is CAP1400, and the other is high temperature gas cooled reactor. Because the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is now at the leading level in the world, if it is connected to the grid in 2018, it will be the first high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in the world to be officially put into commercial operation, just like a nuclear power plant. So now this is a few brands that are more interested abroad and steadily push the nuclear brand created by China to the world. " (Reporter Zhang Mianmian)

Okada Masaki plays Katsura Kotarou.

　 　 1905 movie network news The live-action movie "Silver Soul" recently exposed the latest role poster, and Katsura Kotarou played by "Prince of Pure Love" Okada Masaki appeared. At the same time, the film announced the final date: it will be released in Japan on July 14. July 14th is a classic summer file, which was released in 2016. It can be said that it is one of the hottest files in Japan.

New Godzilla

　 　 In the Japanese classic anime "Silver Soul", Katsura Kotarou and Yinshi have been bosom friends for many years, and they are called "crazy son", "runaway little goro" and nicknamed "wig". Is the leader of the people who are busy with foreigners. Elizabeth, with an alien pet, is loved by many fans because of her handsome appearance and occasionally off-line lines.

　 　 Previously, this live-action film has exposed three role posters, namely, Sakata Gintoki played by the popular king Oguri Shun, Shimura Shinpachi played by the new generation actor Suda Masaki, and Shen Le played by the idol singer and actor Kanna Hashimoto.

Oguri Shun plays Sakata Gintoki.

　 　 In the original comic book, Sakata Gintoki, the protagonist, is the owner of Wanshouwu, who likes the comic magazine JUMP, and the operator of the Wanshouwu is not very profitable, so he is called "Wanyouwu Ayin" by the neighbors on the street. Men who firmly believe in and carry out their "Bushido" are also "sugar control". Although they have diabetes, they love to drink strawberry milk and can’t live without sugar.

Suda Masaki plays Shimura Shinpachi.

　 　 In the original comic book, Shimura Shinpachi, who looks ordinary, is a figure with zero sense of existence when he takes off his glasses. Glasses are actually noumenon, and he likes to vomit. He was once denounced by God as "wearing human glasses". Especially when shooting posters for the live-action version, there is such a scene — —

Glasses are the real protagonist.

　 　 In the original comic book, the heroine Shenle comes from Yato, a kind and simple girl with a big stomach, a tendency to shake S, and a subtle foreign accent when she speaks.

Kanna Hashimoto plays God Music.

　 　 According to official data, the cast of this play also includes Masami Nagasawa, Okada Masaki, Muro Tsuyoshi, Yuya Yagara, Yoshizawa Ryo, Kantarou Nakamura, Tsuyoshi Domoto, Nanao, Hirofumi Noi, Jiro Sato, Yasuda Hin, and Zaojian Julie.

Jiyingshe classic comic book "Silver Soul"

　 　 There are countless classic characters in "The Silver Soul". What comic characters will be exposed next? Undoubtedly, it is expected.

On April 25th, Extreme Yue 07 appeared at the 2024 Beijing Auto Show. As the second model of Extreme Yue, Extreme Yue 07 locates the AI intelligent pure electric car, which also focuses on high intelligence and has a very amazing design, and is called "the most beautiful 7 Series". In addition, Ji Yue revealed that it has joined forces with NVIDIA again, and Thor, a high-performance computing platform with 1000TFLOPS, will be put into mass production in 2026.

Interestingly, Extreme Yue 07 and Xiaomi SU7 are both in Hall W2, and their levels and design orientations are similar. They are both high-flow new cars at the auto show. From the design point of view, the ultra-07 is even more avant-garde technology, which embodies the family gene of robotization, futurism and empathy. It cancels the complicated components such as the traditional door handle and the roof laser radar, and the shape looks simple and neat. With the slip-back design, the rear shoulder fender also adopts a large undulating curve design comparable to super-running, which has a sense of sight from the future sports car.

In addition, the design of the front face part is great, integrating intelligent interactive lighting system, and the aesthetic feeling and function are extremely integrated. The design highlight of the tail is the automatic lifting of the tail wing, and the overall visual impression is outstanding. The drag coefficient of Extreme Yue 07 is also quite excellent, reaching 0.198, which is due to the design of its hidden outside sensor, hidden water tangent, flat optimization of bottom fender, aerodynamic suite of the whole body and so on.

The design of Extreme Yue 07 has already gained international recognition, and won two top design awards, German Red Dot and iF, bringing China design to a broader stage. Xia Yiping, CEO of Extreme Yue, believes that there will be a shadow of extreme Yue in the design of smart cars in the next 10 years.

In addition to the appearance of Extreme Yue 07, Extreme Yue announced at the auto show that Extreme Yue 01 will also upgrade the latest version of V1.5.0, and PPA Zhijia will have an early adopter experience in 100 cities. Looking back on the release process of Extreme Yue 01, I bought a Extreme Yue 01 and drove a new car every month.

As an automobile robot, the intelligent level of Ji Yue 01 belongs to the first echelon in its class. Extreme Yue 01 is the first model equipped with Baidu map V20 SR intelligent driving version. In 2024, the extreme Yue PPA intelligent driving will be "all over the country", and PPA intelligent driving can be used as long as Baidu map navigation can reach.

At the Beijing Auto Show, Extreme Yue announced that it will cooperate with NVIDIA to build the next generation of smart cars. Extreme Yue plans to start from 2026, and the mass-produced models will be equipped with NVIDIA’s new generation of centralized in-vehicle computing platform, NVIDIA DRIVE? Thor, to meet the end-to-end intelligent driving needs of the whole scene in the future.

Quick review of wheels

At present, there are many new brands in the auto market, whether they cross the circle or are already in the circle, they have begun to accelerate their efforts and try to seize a place in the industry reform. The more you are in it, it is difficult to avoid participating in the fierce market competition. However, Extreme Yue has a very distinct brand personality, including future design and intelligent technology. Extremely Yue has strong strength and has also opened a differentiated distance from other new brands. From Extreme Yue 01 to Extreme Yue 07, extreme Yue lets us see more and more future cars. (Text | ｜DAN)

　　This website news　Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs announced the first batch of available crop germplasm resources in the form of announcement, and launched the information system for sharing and utilization of crop germplasm resources on the big data platform of China seed industry. The Center for Protection and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the Measures for Sharing and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources. A few days ago, the heads of the Seed Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Center for the Protection and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources answered questions from reporters on the relevant situation.　

　　Q: China is a big country with germplasm resources. The long-term strategy of the National Agricultural Germplasm Resource Bank has preserved abundant germplasm resources, but there are still shortcomings in sharing and communication. Can you tell us about the specific situation?　

　　A:The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, and the Central Seed Industry Revitalization Action Plan put forward specific and clear requirements. With the active efforts of relevant parties and units, the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources in China has achieved remarkable results, and the national agricultural germplasm resources bank (nursery) has achieved long-term strategic preservation of germplasm resources.53More than 10,000 copies have been saved, ranking second in the world, and more than half of them have been distributed and shared. According to statistics, in recent years, national libraries (nurseries) have distributed resources every year.More than 100,000 copies, serving more than 1,500 innovative breeding subjects, and exhibiting 12,000 excellent resources with utilization potential.About 10,000 copies, which provides a germplasm resource guarantee for supporting China’s scientific research and breeding, the output of major seed industry achievements and national food security. For example, local varieties of rice, Qianyang Taohuami and Shefang Gong Mi, have disappeared in their place of origin, and after years of development after being introduced from the national treasury, they have become characteristic industries for the revitalization of local villages; Using the national stock of wheat resources to cross with agropyron cristatum, a breakthrough new variety of "common ice system" was formed. But at the same time, we also see that resource utilization is still a shortcoming. The main reasons are the lack of practical management methods, the lack of effective incentive and restraint mechanisms, the unsystematic release of resource information, the incomplete registration and sharing, and the lack of data on key characteristics of some resources. In order to better solve the above problems, in the past two years, we have taken a solid step in promoting the sharing and utilization of resources by starting with the preservation of resources in national libraries (nurseries), uniting all forces and making comprehensive policies.One is research.Promulgated the "Management Standard of National Agricultural Germplasm Resources Bank (Nursery)" and "Measures for Sharing and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources (Trial)" to achieve rules-based; The second is to publish the catalogue of available agricultural germplasm resources, so as to be open and transparent; threeIt’s divisionCarry out accurate identification of germplasm resources and find out the characteristics of resources;The fourth isIncrease the display of excellent resources and introduce good resources to the public. At the beginning of this year, we supported the China Seed Trade Association to hold special promotion activities of germplasm resources, the national mid-term library of watermelon germplasm resources and other units.199A precious resource was planted and displayed on the spot, which caused positive response in the industry.　

　　Q: We are concerned that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has announced the publication of the first batch of available crop germplasm resources. What is the main significance and characteristics of these resources?　

　　A:Germplasm resources are the basis of breeding innovation, and the key is to use them. Both the Seed Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Measures for the Administration of Agricultural Germplasm Resources clearly stipulate that the catalogue of available agricultural germ plasm resources should be published regularly. The main purpose is to make it clear which germplasm resources we have, where these resources are, what characteristics they have, and who to apply for them, which is of great significance for promoting the sharing and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources and information exchange. In the past two years, based on the urgent needs of the industry, we have focused on the revitalization and development of seed industry and organized.72 countrieslevelwarehouse(garden)Experts carefully screened and repeatedly studied and determined the first batch of available resources, totaling 2.Ten thousand copies, involving crop types.48Species,Including rice, wheat, corn and other major food crops, oil crops such as soybeans, rape and peanuts, vegetable crops such as cabbage, peppers and radishes, fruit crops such as apples, pears and peaches, as well as cotton, hemp and watermelon. The main information of each resource includes germplasm name, unified number, crop type, germplasm type, main characteristics, storage unit, contact person and contact information, etc."Innocent background, clear characteristics and clear value" has achieved "availability and utilization". Seed industry practitioners can easily access these resource information through China Seed Industry Big Data Platform. Selecting available crop germplasm resources is a long-term basic work, which should be based on scientific screening and judgment of each resource. In the future, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will publish more batches of resource catalogues to meet the needs of breeding innovation.　

　　Q: Recently, the Center for Protection and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the Measures for Sharing and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources (Trial). Please introduce the relevant background and situation.　

　　A:For a long time, the sharing and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources in China has not yet formed a set of systematic and effective institutional norms tosendAfter applying for resources from national repositories (nurseries), most of the applicants not only failed to feed back the utilization information in time, but also failed to reflect the contribution of germplasm resources in related research results or acquired rights. Some units or individuals even put forward unreasonable requirements such as "moving repositories" and "backing up" in large quantities, which affected the standardized management and orderly and efficient utilization of resources. To this end,2022yearfiveIn June, we started the formulation of measures, and organized expert discussion and concentrated discussion for four times.manyListen to opinions and suggestions, the same year.In November, the public was asked for opinions from the whole society, which was generally welcomed. Many people in the industry called to express their support clearly. The current measures have been issued and will be formally implemented on April 15 this year..methodIncluding general principles, application and acquisition, benefitsUse and feedback, results labeling and rights sharing, and supplementary provisions, etc.There are 5 chapters and 24 articles., defined the responsibilities that the national-level library (nursery) must perform as the main body of resource sharing and distribution, standardized the conditions, procedures, quantity and specific requirements for resource application and acquisition, established a resource utilization feedback and benefit sharing mechanism, and encouraged relevant units and individuals to deposit the agricultural germplasm resources held by the country with the national-level library (nursery) and provide them for sharing and utilization to the society. In particular, we have made separate regulations on how farmers breeders can apply for sharing resources from national libraries (nurseries) to ensure that all legal persons and natural persons can share resources. In order to cooperate with the implementation of the measures, the information system for sharing and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources has been officially put into operation, and applicants can quickly inquire about relevant information and apply online conveniently, thus improving the efficiency of resource distribution.　

　　Q: The national agricultural germplasm resource bank (nursery) is the main body of resource distribution. What regulations or measures are there in management?　

　　A:Article 10 of the Seed Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that the competent agricultural and rural authorities in the State Council should establish a germplasm resource bank, a germplasm conservation zone or a germplasm resource protection site, and the preserved germplasm resources are public resources and open for use according to law. Article 23 of the Measures for the Administration of Agricultural Germplasm Resources stipulates that the relevant units and individuals may apply to the national medium-term germplasm bank and germplasm nursery for scientific research and breeding needs, and the national-level library (nursery) shall provide germplasm resources to the applicant if it meets the requirements. In recent years, we have actively promoted the construction of national libraries (nurseries), forming a long-term library as the core, a duplicate library, 1fiveMid-term library, 5fiveA national agricultural germplasm resources protection system based on a germplasm garden.April 2022The general office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the Management Standard of National Agricultural Germplasm Resources Repository (Nursery), emphasizing that the national agricultural germ plasm resources repository (nursery) is a strategic, basic and public welfare facility for the safe preservation and sharing of agricultural germ plasm resources in China, and undertakes the work of collection, collation, identification, registration, preservation, exchange and utilization of agricultural germ plasm resources, and explicitly requires that the national crop germ plasm repository (nursery) should be sent to agriculture and rural areas before the end of January each year.　

　　Q: What other plans does the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have in promoting the sharing and utilization of germplasm resources?　

　　A:Publishing the catalogue of available germplasm resources, introducing sharing methods and online information system are only the first steps in sharing and utilizing germplasm resources. We will strengthen the follow-up, supervision and guidance, make the service in place, implement the work and promote these.measureReally play a real role. In the next step, we should focus on three things. First, accelerate the registration of resources. Formulate incentive measures to encourage the collection of resource information kept by scientific research and teaching units, enterprises and individuals, and integrate them into a unified resource sharing and utilization information system to realize information sharing and utilization. The second is to further promote the accurate identification of resources. Relying on superior scientific research institutes, universities and enterprises, we will build a number of accurate appraisal platforms for germplasm resources, build a national overall planning, central and local cooperation, and cooperation between science and enterprises to identify and evaluate germplasm resources, clarify genetic information, and dig out excellent traits such as high yield, high quality, stress resistance and disease resistance, so as to provide more valuable data information for breeders. The third is to increase the display and promotion of resources. Carry out centralized planting and exhibition activities of excellent resources, so that breeders can have an intuitive understanding and understanding of resources on the spot. During the China Farmers Harvest Festival, International Biodiversity Day and other activities, we will carry out the Germplasm Resources Science Popularization Day. Select and publish excellent resources and typical cases of resource transformation, promote good resources and tell good resource stories.　

Poster of Taiwan Province documentary "Soaring into the Sky" (2015).

Taiwanese drama’s touch of green (2015) poster.

For a long time, there are often only heroes and devils, or heroes and villains, but no one in the war narrative in Chinese-speaking circles. In this narrative, we almost forgot that the war was fought by people. In fact, soldiers, whether friend or foe, like all ordinary people, have some emotions, some dignity, some pride, and a lot of love and concern. In 2015, two video works produced by Taiwan Province-the documentary "Soaring into the Sky" and the TV series "touch of green"-did not stick to the old pattern, which made us see many such ordinary people in the war, and thus let us see the real war, not the myth about it.

The story of "Chongtian" covers the period from the founding of the Kuomintang Air Force to the end of the Anti-Japanese War. Touch of green goes on to tell the story of the Air Force’s journey from the Civil War to its retreat to Taiwan Province. It is almost a historical necessity to "live thousands of tragedies and change a few lines of notes in history" However, these two works run in the opposite direction, re-combing the "love for flying, longing for the sky, and those who hate each other and love each other" from the thin historical notes. Watching "Going to the Sky" is both heartbreaking and exciting, while watching "touch of green" is like being hollowed out bit by bit, and finally you can’t cry or move. During the Anti-Japanese War, the air force’s heroism and tragic look like Phnom Penh embedded in the rumble of war. In the civil war, the same group of people lost their heroism and tragic look. Facing their own rivers and mountains, their own people only saw the distortion and ferocity of the war, and this kind of war is like a mirror that makes people have nowhere to escape, forcing them to look straight at their struggles and even madness.

Both "Soaring into the Sky" and "touch of green" tell the cruelty of war, but the contrast between them shows an extremely profound moral insight: even in a very cruel war, the justice of war purpose (jus ad bellumThe just war recognized in the Charter of the United Nations is only self-defense war and humanitarian intervention authorized by the United Nations) and the justice of war means (jus in belloThe main requirements include prohibiting deliberate attacks on civilians, prohibiting violence against prisoners of war or taking revenge actions, and all the wounded and sick should be cared for and protected; These provisions, mainly concentrated in the Geneva Convention, are still the bottom line of human nature and provide vital protection for people’s natural moral feelings.

I. "Death Training Camp"

After the September 18th Incident, in response to Japan’s full-scale war of aggression against China, the Republic of China established a school for training air force pilots in Jianqiao, Hangzhou (now Jianqiao Town, Jianggan District, Hangzhou) in 1932, namely "Central Aviation School" (hereinafter referred to as "Aviation School"). This is almost a "death training camp", and it’s no secret. Every student approaching the school gate will see the inscription: "Our bodies, planes and bombs should perish together with the enemy, warships and positions." The banner hanging at their graduation ceremony reads: "Strong men will fly in the storm and swear to serve the country and not survive." Yes, for them, death comes quickly. Many of them were shot and crashed while fighting the enemy in the sky.

Others regret it before it soars into the sky. Gao Zhihang, known as the "God of War of the Air Force", learned to fly a plane in France in the 1920s. After returning to China, he worked as an instructor in an aviation school and trained the first generation of China pilots. He shot down several Japanese planes in just three months after the Sino-Japanese war, and was promoted to the position of Colonel Commander of the Air Force Expeller. In November 1937, Gao Zhihang was ordered to go to Lanzhou to receive Soviet aid fighters. After receiving the fighters, according to the order, he led the fighters to fly to Zhoujiakou (now Chuanhui District, Zhoukou City, Henan Province). Stay where you are because of the bad weather. On November 21st, Zhoujiakou Airport received a report that 11 Japanese planes were flying to the airport. He immediately ordered the battle, but by this time the Japanese fighters had flown over the airport. Under the dive bombing of the Japanese plane, Gao Zhihang boarded the plane, and just entered the engine room, he was hit by the shells dropped by the Japanese fighters. When he was killed, his hands were still tightly holding the joystick of the plane, at the age of 30.

They may even die of all kinds of misfortunes. At that time, Liu Cuigang, one of the "Four donkey kong" of the Air Force (the second student of the Aviation School), shot down seven Japanese planes in three months. He is not only a famous flying general, but also an iron bird and an idiot. When pursuing Ms. Xu Xilin, she flew low on the other side’s roof, and she first touched her future mother-in-law by doing flying stunts.

On October 25th, 1937, Liu Cuigang was ordered to lead three planes to cover the Eighth Route Army’s counterattack against Niangziguan. On the 26th, he took two wingmen off from Lishui Airport in Jiangsu and arrived in Luoyang to refuel. At that time, the weather was very bad. He still insisted on taking off and flew near Niangziguan at 8 o’clock that night, but failed to get in touch with the Eighth Route Army by air and decided to fly back to Luoyang. On the way back, the three planes ran out of fuel. Liu Cuigang sent flares to help the two wingmen parachute and insisted on landing. At that time, the national army had less than 300 planes, and one was destroyed and one was less; If the pilot parachutes, the plane will almost certainly be damaged, but if it is successfully forced to land, it may be both man and machine. However, during the forced landing, he crashed into the Kuixing Building in Gaoping (now Gaoping City, Shanxi Province) and died on the spot. He is only 24 years old and has been married to Xu Xilin for one year.

Their death may have gone through many twists and turns, with hope and despair alternating. On April 29th, 1938, Japan sent 54 planes to attack Wuhan, its capital. Chen Huaimin (the fifth student of Aviation School), who had not recovered from the injury, took the place of his sick comrade-in-arms to meet the enemy. At that time, a Japanese plane piloted by Gao Qiao Kenichi, a pilot of the Second Air Force of the Japanese Navy, bit his landline. In the air fight, he was shot and the fuel tank caught fire. Instead of dying, he turned the fuselage and rushed to the enemy plane, which collided. In this fatal collision, he escaped death again: he successfully parachuted during the plane crash. However, he landed on the Yangtze River and fell into the water. After several struggles, I finally failed to get out of danger because of old injuries, new injuries and parachutes. Only 22 years old.

The death notice parcels that appear constantly in "Chongtian", the scene of burning paper and money that reappears repeatedly in "touch of green", the wailing of relatives, and the pilots’ black boxes (which contain their simple lives, such as their small items and various documents) are all reminding people that the deaths of these national pilots come so frequently and suddenly. The cause of death of many people is even unimaginable. However, it was themselves who first reconciled with this fact.

Shortly before Liu Cuigang’s death, he wrote to his wife Xu Xilin: "If I sacrificed my life for my country, it would be my bounden duty … I only hope that you will always remember to meet such a person as me in your life journey." Another pilot, Zhang Dafei (the 12th student of Aviation School), wrote in his diary: "I also went drinking and dancing on vacation now. I’m 26 years old, and I’ve never tasted these things before … Three days ago, my last friend didn’t return home at night, and I knew it was my turn next. I pray, I meditate, and I feel calm inside. "

Death is a moment for them, but their death often brings irreparable pain to the living, throwing the relatives and orphans into the tide of ruthless fate. Treating this aspect of war, there seems to be a strange paradox between Soaring into the Sky and touch of green.

On the one hand,As a TV series, touch of green guards deep realism.. After her husband’s death, his family members will either stay under the umbrella of the village as soon as possible, accept the "handover", marry another soldier under the arrangement of the army, and live a husband-and-wife life of "you don’t like me"; Either walk out of the umbrella of the family village and face the problem that women in that era could not escape alone: "What happened after Nora left?" Not surprisingly, they can’t escape the fate of women running away-selling themselves.

On the other hand,As a documentary, "Soaring into the Sky" tells the story of the idealism that women in reality have personally lived.. After receiving the news of Liu Cuigang’s death, Xu Xilin wrote: "In essence, you are really benevolent and have done your duty as a soldier. But I’m in the middle of nowhere, and I don’t know how to spend my time … You always say that I will spare no effort to run a school after retirement. Now that you have done your best, I have decided to follow your legacy and start with basic education to instill your indomitable spirit in the future youth. " At the end of 1937, Xu Xilin founded Cuigang Primary School in Kunming.

Japanese pilot Gao Qiao Kenichi died in an air fight with Chen Huaimin. A letter and photos just sent to him by his wife Mieko were found among his relics.

Kenichi:

Somehow I always feel uneasy and want to hear from you … I even sometimes think that it is better not to be a pilot’s wife. Being a pilot’s wife always leads a lonely life. So I am sometimes happy and sometimes sad, and my heart is full of tears! Sometimes I can comfort myself when I think that many people have died innocently … and you are still alive, but after three or four days, I am still disheartened! ….. Your family misses you infinitely, and I hope you take good care of yourself. It is not an honor to die alone. I pray you to perform your duties very carefully! The nanny who takes care of the children, after taking a bath for them every day, puts them into the warm bed with great concern, and the children always sleep soundly. These two children live in laughter every day. …

The day before, I watched my brother Chen Huaimin go out of the house and read a letter from Mihui Zi. The twenty-year-old woman actually wrote back to the twenty-year-old woman in the enemy country:

Mrs Gao Qiao, Ms Mieko:

….. I lost my brother’s mood, which made me put myself in your shoes (literally) thinking that you lost Mr. Gao Qiao’s mood, and that the Chinese and Japanese people were so tragically sacrificed under the wrong policies of your warlords! My mother, who only gazed sadly at the careless river and the bleak moonlight, let the painful memories beat her old and broken heartstrings. However, you are young and affectionate, and pieces of cherry blossoms will also arouse acacia. You may be able to think about the fate of mankind from the tragic experience! Brother Huai Min resolutely rammed Gao Qiao’s plane and mutually assured destruction with Gao Qiao. This is not to vent his personal vendetta against Gao Qiao. He and Gao Qiao Jun have no personal enmity. They just crushed themselves on behalf of two different forces … I often miss you. Thinking of your two children who lived in laughter all day, and your disabled and desolate life since then, I wish I could not come to your country immediately to see you in person and share a friendly life with you. I will never hate you for your domestic warlords’ aggression against us. I deeply understand your pain of being oppressed by that crazy warlord … I have to tell you that I hate war. But we in China are fighting against violence, and this kind of war is a war to safeguard justice and humanity. This meaning is different from yours. If your warlord’s brutal behavior towards China and his ambition to occupy China’s territory don’t stop for a day, every Chinese of us, regardless of sex, age and age, will take part in a more violent and intensified struggle, and even if it is shattered, no one will give in …

Chen Nan wrote on May 31, 1938.This letter was published in Wuhan Daily at that time, and it was translated into many languages and spread all over the world. After that, Chen Nan searched for Miyoko in many ways and finally found her in 1990, half a century later. —— Author’s Note)

Second, the debt of conscience in war

Pilots are likely to look down on their own death, because they know that "every take-off may be a farewell, and every landing should be thanked to God". What makes it more difficult for them to let go is the death of others that they saw with their own eyes and even caused with their own hands. In a letter to his girlfriend Qi Bangyuan, Zhang Dafei, a student of the 12th Aviation School, wrote his "victory" like this: "I took off two days ago to search for enemy planes. A plane painted with red sun suddenly appeared in the crack in the clouds directly ahead. I saw the face of the man in the cockpit gently and clearly. Look frightened. I didn’t have time to think about it. I only knew that if I didn’t shoot first, I would die. Up to now, I can’t forget the face of the pilot who fell into the plane. "

For ordinary people, "Do not kill" is the deepest moral law. Soldiers used to be ordinary people, and many soldiers still can’t overcome this heavy moral law when they go to war.. According to the research of American military historian Marshall (1900-1977), 75% of American soldiers who fought in the front line in World War II never fired a gun at the enemy, even though they were facing threats. It seems that they are more afraid of killing people than of being killed themselves. For people with a sound conscience, killing people always seems to kill their own humanity at the same time. Zhang Dafei’s haunting face of Japanese pilots is full of fear, which represents the common conscience debt of soldiers, even though they firmly believe that their actions are just. (For data on the proportion of American soldiers who never fired at the enemy in World War II, see Marshall’s book: Men Against Fire: The Problem of Battle Command, first edition, 1947; The data was later questioned, but in World War II, many American soldiers were afraid to shoot because of moral concerns, which was indeed widespread. —— Author’s Note)

If the conscience debt of killing the enemy can be alleviated by resorting to justice for the purpose of war, another debt may be more difficult to discharge:When the comrades who fought with themselves were desperate, there was nothing they could do..

In June, 1944, American soldier Bill Evan landed in Normandy with his village friend Frederick Jones. When they were marching to a French village, they were attacked by the German army, and the branches scattered by the bomb pierced Jones’ face. More than fifty years later, Bill recalled the scene in a documentary:

Jones kept screaming … All I could see was that the flesh on his face was torn open, the cheekbones were exposed, and the blood kept spraying out … I took out my bandage and wrapped it around his face three times, when I heard the chief shouting, "Ivan, leave him alone, leave him alone! Leave him to the medical team … Get out, get out … "I left him there … I didn’t know until a few years ago that Jones died that day, bleeding to death …" (See World War II: The Last Heroes, 1 Season, Episode 2. —— Author’s Note)

At this point, Bill’s wrinkled cheeks are red, his lips are trembling and his eyes are full of tears: "I feel guilty, I am not smart enough … what I did didn’t help him at all …"

Watching his comrade-in-arms die, Bill still can’t get over it after more than 50 years, and the experience of killing his comrade-in-arms personally made Guo Fan, a pilot in touch of green, almost completely collapse. The Japanese army provoked him. He took two wingmen to meet the enemy and was surrounded by the Japanese fleet. A wingman disintegrated in the air after being shot. Another wingman crashed, and the pilot Zhang Zhichu couldn’t leave the cabin. The plane caught fire and was about to be burned alive. Zhang Zhichu radioed Guo Fan for help, begging Guo Fan to kill him in the air, so that he could avoid longer and more severe pain. Guo Fan flew back in tears and used the last row of bullets on Zhang Zhichu. For a long time after that, Guo Fan was afraid to visit his dead comrades in the Air Force Mausoleum.

Jiang Weicheng (the captain of the 11th Brigade in touch of green) cherishes his superb flying skills. For his future, he lets him hide this experience of falling into enemy’s trap, losing the whole team and killing his comrades by himself. However, Guo Fan can’t help it. He must say it, even shout it out, and let everyone know that it seems that only in this way can he get the qualification to worship in Zhang Zhichu’s cemetery, and at the same time get the inner peace of flying to the sky again.

In any case, killing the enemy, witnessing the death of a comrade-in-arms, and even sending a comrade-in-arms on the road by hand are all right in a sense, or at least not wrong. So Bill would say, "I feel guilty, but not that I blame myself." Therefore, Guo Fan will feel comforted by Zhu Qing’s words, "I think it is courage for you to fly back".

Compared with all this,There is another kind of death and killing that seems never to be right: killing civilians in war..

According to the international law of war, in war, the army should openly hold weapons and clearly identify itself; The target of the attack can only be the opposing army; At any time, we should try our best to avoid hurting civilians who are not involved in the war. Touch of green tells the story that the air force swept away and killed villagers in the civil war, which is the most disturbing. The superior ordered them to go out on a task, and they were choosy and found various reasons to escape. The officer angered them: "You are not fighters or bombers. What kind of planes are you!" " Guo Fan replied, "We are dustpans, and we specialize in sweeping villages!" They were humbled in one word.

Even if there is a situation, even if there are military orders, they still can’t escape the condemnation of their conscience. Killing the innocent has become a curse that they can’t cross over. After a village sweeping operation, looking at the bodies of women and children, Jiang Weicheng choked and said, "We will pay for it." Guo Fan picked up the bamboo-woven insect that the little girl was playing with before she died, and said, "I have already called for retribution; Zhu Qing wrote that the child was gone. " ….. He took the bamboo insect back to the barracks and put it in front of his bed. He often took it out and played with it, thinking about his unborn child. It seems that only this explanation of exchanging life for life can bring him some comfort. At the end of the civil war, this hot-blooded young man who fought against Japan for seven years and tried to die with the Japanese plane died in the northeast battlefield. The banner of "People’s War Criminals" hung on the wreckage of the plane revealed the absurdity and sadness of his fate.

Third, post-war syndrome

For soldiers, compared with their common death, living is not necessarily much better. When the war comes, it is often time for soldiers and their families to separate, because the battlefield is in the front and home is best in the rear. This separation has opened two parallel worlds: people in one world have to face death and disability constantly, and people in the other world have to calculate daily necessities. The pilot is like a kite in the sky, walking through the bloody rain, and his family’s concern for him is the thread tied to the kite, which becomes their only connection with another world.

Zhang Dafei said in his diary: "In the past eight years, her (Qi Bangyuan) letter has been my greatest comfort." In the northeast battlefield, Jiang Weicheng, Shao Zhijian (in "touch of green", first served as the vice captain of the 11th Air Force Brigade, then promoted to captain) and Guo Fan gathered around to open a letter from Nanjing, which was one of the few warm scenes under the dark background of the war. But as the war unfolds for a long time, how can the thin thread tied to the kite stop these two parallel worlds from drifting away?

Guo Fan is an iron bird idiot like Liu Cuigang. He left home after his wedding. Every day, he took a photo of his wife Zhu Qing in his hand and put it in his bag, but he had to admit painfully, "I don’t even remember what my wife looks like." This alienation is not only the alienation of time and space, but also the alienation of military career and peaceful days. For those desperate people who always wander between life and death, lovers and children seem to have become some abstract values, as if you just "know" that they are important, but that kind of "importance" has no body temperature, no breath, and is more like a symbol. Because of this, Guo Fan can’t remember his married life with Zhu Qing, but only remembers her when she was a student. Soldiers are actually in a very poor living condition, because in the long-term survival condition, they simply can’t spare more psychological space for those things that could have made their lives full and rich.

At the end of the war, these two parallel universes suddenly merged into one. The air force returned to earth from the sky. Shouldn’t this be the best reunion? In fact, this is often not the case.The war and the army have shaped the unique character, ability and lifestyle of soldiers. These abilities and qualities tailored to the battlefield often have no room for display in peaceful life, and even are incompatible with ordinary citizens’ lives.. Jiang Weicheng, a former air force instructor and captain of a flight brigade, was first-class in flying skills. He was brave and decisive in fighting, but after leaving the plane and the battlefield, he became a useless man. The plane seems to have already become a part of his body, and it is the most flexible and powerful part that gives him the whole spirit. Leaving the plane, he seems to have lost his soul. This is not Jiang Weicheng’s personal problem, but a common problem faced by soldiers: what can they do when they return to civil society after leaving the army? American policy experience and statistical data in dealing with veterans’ problems show that the unemployment rate of veterans is often higher than that of the general population if there is no effective systematic support from society and government.

Not only are their professional skills useless in the civil society, but for those who are lucky enough to survive, the cruel war is often not really over. After Jiang Weicheng came back from the northeast, he was afraid to meet children because he had killed too many children. He often dreams of going back to the battlefield, hearing his comrades’ cries for help and seeing their tragic deaths. His memory is slowly fading, and sometimes he can’t even recognize his wife. The depiction of Jiang Weicheng’s post-war mental state in touch of green can be regarded as an artistic expression of what is called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in modern medicine.PTSD is common among soldiers returning from the battlefield..

American veteran Charlie Grijalva served in Afghanistan for 18 months and in Iraq for one year. He was diagnosed with PTSD in the army and suffered from depression for a long time. After retiring, he lived in California with his wife Gloria. They have a two or three-year-old boy and a baby still in Gloria’s belly. Because of various problems in the American veterans’ medical system, Charlie’s PTSD failed to get timely and effective treatment. Christmas in 2014 is coming, and he insists on giving his children a wonderful Christmas, filling the room with Christmas music, decorating the Christmas tree and drinking hot chocolate.

Gloria said: "Although he suffered from depression at that time, he still hoped that his children could have such a Christmas", and lived a carefree Christmas like he did when he was a child. However, just a few days before Christmas approached, Charlie sent his wife a short message saying, "I love you!" " A few hours later, Gloria found her husband hanging himself.

In 2014, an average of 20 veterans committed suicide every day in the United States. For soldiers who return to civil society with all kinds of physical and mental trauma, love and affection are like silk threads tied to their normal lives, thin and fragile.

Fourth, how does the country treat the soul of the patriotic army well?

The suicide of veterans is not that they are irresponsible, nor that the love of their loved ones is not warm enough. Turning an ordinary person who is flesh and blood, painful and afraid into a soldier who does not run back without thinking, but rushes forward regardless of life and death in the face of bullets is a thorough transformation. And turning a soldier who rushed forward regardless of life and death in the face of bullets into an ordinary person whose wife and children are hot and remember to pay the electricity bill every month is another transformation. If a country is only willing to spend its resources and efforts on the first transformation of its soldiers, and throw their second transformation to themselves and their families, why should such a country ask its people to join the army and sacrifice for it?

Jiang Weicheng in "touch of green" did not receive medical services for veterans, but suffered more humiliation under the white terror of the Kuomintang. This taiwanese drama is sincere, and it shows the country’s debt to the soldiers to the point where it hurts to the bone.

These two video works show not only the China Air Force of that era, but also all the soldiers involved in the war, their honor, pain and suffocating helplessness behind the seemingly unrelenting feat. Ordinary people have no right to stop the war, but if thousands of us are full of sympathy and cherish for the soldiers and refuse to use them as tools for expanding ambitions, fighting for power and venting hatred, we are more likely to have a government that uses troops prudently.

I don’t agree with absolute pacifism that we can’t fight back under any circumstances, because sometimes we have to take up arms to defend our homeland or safeguard justice. Moreover, if every country only fights a just war, there will be no war; If every country that fights a just war can fight in a just way, soldiers will not be loyal and righteous.

But,have onlyEvery country that has fought a just war in a just way can treat its soldiers well, and the world is worthy of the peace they exchanged with their lives, blood and a life that might have been very happy..

　　　　　　　　Early spring of 1967, the second year of the "Cultural Revolution". The 19-year-old Lu Zhi was only in high school for one year, and the school closed and made a revolution. In that crazy era, everything related to traditional culture was dismissed as the "four olds". Depressed but eager to find out the future fate, Lu Zhiji was introduced by a good friend’s mother and came to the home of a fortune teller who lived in an alley at the intersection of Chongqing Road in Huaihai Middle Road, Shanghai. In the depressed years, Lu Zhiji hoped to see a little bit of the future.

　　　　　　　　"In the dim light, the old man with silver hair calculated the horoscope for me. At that time, I talked for more than half an hour, and I can’t remember the specific content. But there are two sentences that are deeply imprinted in my mind. He said with a strong Ningbo accent,’ Brother, study hard. Just be 30 years old, and you will go abroad to study in the future. " Lu Zhiji recalled the past 40 years ago to The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) reporter, "Traveling abroad was almost impossible for me at that time. At that time, whether the high school courses could be completed became a problem, not to mention going abroad for further study, and my family had no overseas relations at all. "

　　　　　　　　In 1977, the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" ended, and the country resumed the college entrance examination system. In 1978, the enrollment system of the institute was reopened. In this year, Lu Zhiji obtained a master’s degree in Chinese Department of Fudan University with "equivalent academic ability". In 1978, I was just 30 years old, which was an important turning point in my life. Five years later, Lu Zhiji went to the University of Illinois in the United States to study for a doctorate in language.

　　　　　　　　"When I was sitting on a plane to the United States and saw the vast ocean from the window, I remembered the words of the old fortune teller. His prediction more than ten years ago was actually realized, which was incredible. How did he calculate it? From this time on, my curiosity about China’s traditional numerology rose in my heart. "After Lu Zhiji went to the United States, he began to study numerology. In 2008, Lu Zhiji completed and was published by Shanghai People’s Publishing House, which completely reviewed the development history of China’s numerology.

Book Seal of Lu Zhiji’s History of China’s Numerology

What is eight-character numerology?

　　　　　　　　In ancient China, there were two main schools to study personal destiny through birth time: eight-character numerology and "Ziwei Doushu" fortune-telling technique. The origin of the divination is often related to ancient astronomy, or to ancient astrology. In ancient times, whether in China or in the West, astrology and astronomy were often difficult to distinguish. However, eight-character numerology is not astrology, and Lu Zhiji defined it as a calculation system based on the natural ecological model with Yin-Yang and Five Elements as the core formed in ancient China.

　　　　　　　　The ancients used heavenly stems and earthly branches to mark time. Tiangan and Dizhi are referred to as "Ganzhi" for short. According to legend, it was founded by Da Nao’s family in the Yellow Emperor’s era. In Xiao Ji’s "The Five Elements of Righteousness: On the Name of Ganzhi" in the Sui Dynasty, it was recorded that "those who support Ganzhi are established because of the five elements. At the time of Xuanyuan in the past, it was created by Da Nao. " The ancients first used the ten days of "A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui" to mark the day; Use the twelve branches of "Zi, Ugliness, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai" to record the moon. The ancients used the method of matching a heavenly stem and a earthly branch in order to record the date, which is the "dry branch discipline method". Since the least common multiple of the ten-day stem and the twelve-day branch is 60, according to the combination cycle, there are 60 stem-branch combinations from Jiazi to Guihai, which is commonly known as "Sixty-one Jiazi".

　　　　　　　　The year, month, day and hour of a person’s birth can be arranged into eight characters according to the discipline of cadres and branches, and the eight characters are also called "four pillars". The so-called "four pillars" take heavenly stems and earthly branches, the year of a person’s birth, as the first pillar, heavenly stems and earthly branches in the month as the second pillar, heavenly stems and earthly branches in the day as the third pillar and heavenly stems and earthly branches in the hour as the fourth pillar. Therefore, China’s traditional numerology calls the method of calculating a person’s life’s fate "Pai birthdates" or "Pai Si Zhu".

　　　　　　　　The eight characters are arranged at 7: 00 pm on February 18 this year. This specific time period is: B Wei, E Yin, B Ugly, and C Xu. "If at this time, a newborn was born. When he heard his first cry, his birthdates was: B Wei, E Yin, B Ugly, C Xu. These eight words are the marks of the baby’s birth time. Any time in China tradition (called’ time’ in ancient times) can be expressed by such a combination of heaven and earth, and there is no mysterious color here. " Lu Zhiji said.

　　　　　　　　In the field of traditional numerology in China, the "eight characters" in a person’s birth period marked the changing state of the universe at that time, while the ancients believed that everything had natural laws such as "punishment, rushing, merging, transforming" and "five elements interacting with each other". The so-called good or bad fate refers to the interaction between these eight characters, and from this, people’s life can be calculated.

Wuxing shengketu

Where is the basis for the eight-character deduction of fate?

　　　　　　　　"It is necessary to talk about the concepts of Qi, Yin and Yang, and Five Elements, which is a unique way of thinking for ancient people in China to understand the world. In the eyes of the ancients in China,’ Qi’ is a subtle substance, which fills the boundless space. It has two states: being and being. The so-called "gas accumulation leads to formation, and gas dispersion leads to death" means that the concrete objects we can see and touch are the relatively stable condensed state of "gas"; The physical object is destroyed and can’t be seen, that is, its’ tangible’ quality has returned to the’ intangible’ gas. In modern terms,’ Qi’ is a kind of hidden energy and the material source of everything in the world. Although we don’t know its specific structure yet, didn’t the atomic theory of ancient Greek philosophers be confirmed after two thousand years? " Lu Zhiji said.

　　　　　　　　The root of the change of qi in heaven and earth comes from the power of yin and yang. Lu Zhiji said that the original meaning of "yin and yang" is very simple: "Yang" facing the sun and "Yin" facing away from the sun. "In fact, here has implied the relative relationship between the sun and the earth. Without sun movement, there would be no yin and yang. Without the movement of the sun, there is no way to talk about yin and yang. "

Taiji diagram representing yin and yang

　　　　　　　　The interaction of yin and yang produces "five elements"-gold, wood, water, fire and earth. At first, the five elements refer to five indispensable material resources in people’s lives, and later they evolved into the internal attributes and motion states of the five materials. "With the concept of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, the movement of" Qi "is concrete, showing a periodic change movement, which was described by heavenly stems and earthly branches in ancient times. For example: A is a male wood and B is a female wood; C is yang fire, D is yin fire, and so on. The state of Yin and Yang and five elements in each time period can be described by a group of stem and branch structures (eight characters). For example, the New Year’s Eve in this time period: B Wei, E Yin, B Ugly, C Xu, roughly speaking, is composed of two yin trees (B), one yang fire (C) and two yang earth. Therefore,’ fortune telling’ actually begins with calculating the gas field when an individual is born. "

Eight-character numerology forms a vein

　　　　　　　　"The traditional numerology, which calculates one’s destiny by the time of birth, began to take shape in the Three Kingdoms period," Lu Zhiji introduced.

　　　　　　　　At present, Guan Lu, a warlock of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, is the earliest record about the theory of fate that can be seen from ancient books and documents. "The History of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu" recorded his comments on his own destiny: "I have life’s core monuments in Yin, and I will be born at night with an eclipse of the moon. God bless the constant, you can’t violate it, but people don’t know it. Before and after my death, there were more than 100 people, and there was nothing wrong with it … I died in February next year, at the age of 48. "

　　　　　　　　Guan Lu wrote "life’s core monuments is in Yin", which means that he was born in the 15th year of Jian ‘an (209). He calculated his own time limit and predicted the death of more than 100 people, which is basically right. Guan Lu died in 256 at the age of 48.

　　　　　　　　The ancient people’s exploration of numerology was not slow. According to the biography of Dai Yang in the Book of Jin, Dai Yang saw Liu Yin, who was guarding Xunyang at that time, and told him not to see guests on Gengyin Day on December 22nd. He also told Liu Yin to take precautions, but Liu Yin didn’t take it seriously and was really killed by Guo Mo on that day. "We can already see the traces of inferring by using the animal year, the fleeting time and the relationship between the cadres and the branches of the days. Cha Liuyin was killed in the fifth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (220 years), and it was only more than 70 years since Guan Lu decided his life," Lu Zhiji said.

　　　　　　　　Lu Zhiji believes that in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people have reached a consensus on the concept of destiny. "A large number of historical materials have been recorded, such as the’ Change of River and Yin’ in the Northern Dynasties." "Northern History Sun Shaochuan" records that Sun Shaoshan, who lives in a high position, pushes Lu’s life. One day I went to the early dynasty, but the east gate was not open, and the ministers waited in front of the door. Among many officials, Sun Shao pulled Xin Xiong, a doctor in the official department, aside and secretly told him: "All the people here are looking for death, but I and Qing still enjoy wealth" (everyone here will die, and only you and I can survive and enjoy wealth). Not long after, Hu Taihou of the Northern Wei Dynasty killed Emperor Xiaoming and gave birth to his youngest son, Yuan Zhao. Erzhurong, chieftain of Chihu tribe, used this as a reason to advance eastward, and Luoyang Shoujiang surrendered without fighting. Er Zhurong drowned Hu Taihou and his young emperor in Heyin (present-day Henan) and strangled more than 2,000 officials in the palace of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which is called "the change of Heyin" in history.

　　　　　　　　During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were also some numerology works. In Song Lian’s Debate on Lu Ming in the Ming Dynasty, it was pointed out: "Lin Xiaogong has Lu Ming Shu and Tao Hongjing has A Copy of Three Lives". "Tao Hongjing was a man between Qi and Liang in the Southern Dynasties, and Lin Xiaogong was circulated in the History of the North and Sui Shu. Both of them were proficient in Yin and Yang and the Five Elements, but it’s a pity that these two books have long been lost. Due to the lack of literature, although we can be sure that in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were activities of discussing fate in the sense of obedience, it is difficult to investigate what specific methods were used, "Lu Zhiji said.

　　　　　　　　During the Sui Dynasty, an important figure appeared in the history of numerology, that is, Xiao Ji, the founder of the Sui Dynasty, was born in the imperial clan of Qi and Liang Dynasties. After four dynasties and fifteen emperors, Xiao Ji was knowledgeable and knowledgeable, especially in yin and yang arithmetic. Xiao Ji’s main contribution lies in his book "Five Elements of Justice", which brings together the classics from pre-Qin to Sui Dynasty, Wei Shu and the ancient books of various schools of thought about the five elements theory and becomes an important document for future generations to understand and study the ancient five elements theory.

　　　　　　　　It was in the middle Tang Dynasty that numerology really formed a "model" and entered a new stage. Li Xuzhong is regarded as the first master in the field of numerology. In the first year of Li Xuzhong Tang Dezong, he was a scholar, and later an official went to the temple to advise the history. The epitaph written by Han Yu, a literary giant in the Tang Dynasty, for Li Xuzhong records that "(Virtual Middle School) is young and long, likes learning, and learning is all-pervasive. Deepest than the five-line book. Based on the year, month and day of a person’s life ….. pushing people to be premature, expensive and unfavorable, and never losing one or two. " It can be seen that Li Xuzhong is good at numerology deduction, and his name is heavy for a while.

　　　　　　　　"Li Xuzhong’s important contribution is that he created the first theoretical model of numerology. Because of this contribution, later generations regarded him as the originator of traditional numerology. Li Xuzhong’s Book of Destiny defines a basic framework for determining fate, and determines that the starting point for determining fate is based on years, and introduces the concepts of the fifth column’ fetal element’, Nayin Wuxing, Shensha, etc., in addition, it includes’ luck’, which can be divided into Universiade, Small Luck, Starting Luck, and Tai-sui fleeting time. I call this model’ the ancient method model’, which is different from the present one.

　　　　　　　　"At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the new numerology model began to show its outstanding head. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was the time when the ancient law model alternated with the new theory of life model in the later period. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the present law model had been formed and occupied the leading position in numerology, "Lu Zhiji introduced.

　　　　　　　　Eight-character numerology is also commonly known as "Zi Ping Shu" or "Zi Ping Numerology", which is named after another extremely important figure in the history of numerology-Xu Ziping. When and where Xu Ziping came from is still controversial. It is said that Xu Ziping once lived in seclusion in Huashan with Chen Tuan, a famous Taoist figure. "Through the textual research of historical materials, this kind of rumor may not necessarily conform to the facts. At present, it may be judged that he is a person of the Five Dynasties and the Early Song Dynasty. Xu Ziping’s contribution lies in the creation of a new model framework for numerology analysis, which I called’ Modern Law Model’ in China’s History of Numerology, and the basic framework of this model has been applied to today.

　　　　　　　　Li Xuzhong’s ancient law model, including the column of "fetal element", is actually a five-column theory of fate. Xu Ziping canceled this column and began to focus on the daily stem. The point of analysis was moved from the original annual column to the word "the daily stem", and a set of analysis programs was established based on this.

　　　　　　　　Lu Zhiji believes that this change from Nianzhu to Rizhu is also a projection of the realistic situation of historical evolution: "Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the China regime has been almost controlled by the aristocratic family, and the aristocratic family has a superior position in all aspects. The so-called’ top-grade cold family, inferior aristocratic family’ is such a portrayal, and personal background is of decisive significance. In numerology,’ Nianzhu’ stands for family origin. This reality is reflected in early numerology, and it is naturally based on’ Nianzhu’. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the gate valve was gradually destroyed, and the imperial examination system made it possible for civilians to enter the official career. Xu Ziping’s modern law model shifted the core of life to the’ Japanese column’ representing personal situation. "

Is the trajectory of life established?

　　　　　　　　"Eight-character numerology, in the final analysis, is to find and reveal the corresponding relationship between birth time, life potential and life trajectory of the birth person", Lu Zhiji emphasized: "We should pay attention to an important basic understanding: this corresponding relationship is not decisive, but only a probabilistic correlation, which is the result of a lot of observation, experience and statistics. There are many factors that affect a person’s growth and development, both innate and acquired. A person’s life course is closely related to his acquired environment: family, education, social politics and economic system. "

　　　　　　　　Lu Zhiji made an analogy with a moving car: Life seems to be a new car, and its specific performance and structure have been determined when it leaves the factory. For the individual’s "life", there is also "luck". "Yun" is the road the car will travel. The car running on the road is the interaction between fate and luck. In the eyes of the ancients, it is the interaction between fate and luck, showing a colorful trajectory of life ups and downs.

　　　　　　　　"Eight-character numerology is developed into a system to describe this correspondence under the thinking mode of the ancient theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, and there is no mystery. If this correspondence is exaggerated as a decisive relationship, it will lead to a fatalistic view, but it will lead numerology astray. Therefore, it is expected that the prediction of numerology will be accurate, which is either a commercial banner to set up a fortune teller to attract business, or an idiot’s dream. "Lu Zhiji said that the ancients in China were not so superstitious.

　　　　　　　　Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote in "On the Balance of Life and Righteousness": "Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng suffered disasters on the same day, and the people of the four countries will have people who have prospered but have not declined. However, all disasters will bring disaster to the country. The life of the country is better than life, and life expectancy is better than life. " That is to say, the four countries of Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng suffered disasters on the same day. Are all the people of the four countries in bad luck? Obviously impossible, when the national destiny that dominates the big environment comes into play, the rise and fall of personal destiny is completely meaningless.

　　　　　　　　There are many people born at the same time in the same year, the same month and the same day in the world. Are their fates exactly the same? This is the most common question people have about horoscope fortune telling. Lu Zhiji said that Wan Mingying, the author of the Ming Dynasty numerology masterpiece "Three Fates Meeting", answered this question. "There are indeed differences. Wan Mingying collected a large number of life cases born at the same time for comparison. For example, officials born at the same time not only have different official positions, but also have different time and way of death."

　　　　　　　　"So Liang Xiangrun, a modern numerologist, wrote in A Brief History of Life that numerology only has a probability of 60% to 70%." Lu Zhiji said: "The space-time structure of human birth is related to life information, which is a great hypothesis of Chinese ancestors. The rational exploration of numerology in the past two thousand years is essentially an empirical study of this hypothesis. Traditional numerology has existed in folk culture for a long time, and it lacks systematic arrangement. In the process of development, it is inevitable to mix with some mysterious veil of superstition and deception methods of charlatans. Because of this, it is very important to reorganize the spiritual blood of our own ancient culture. "