CCTV News:At the beginning of 2024, in Zhejiang, a major foreign trade province, many enterprises have embarked on a new journey of "going out to sea" to grab orders. Not long ago, Zhejiang released the foreign trade data of the whole province in 2023. In 2023, the total import and export volume of Zhejiang reached 4.90 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.6%. Among them, the export was 3.57 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.9%; Imports reached 1.33 trillion yuan, up 6.7%.

　　Zhejiang Province proposes that it will do everything possible to stabilize foreign trade and optimize foreign investment, continue to lay a good combination of "stabilizing expansion and adjustment", further promote the action of "thousands of enterprises expand the market to increase orders", and cultivate new foreign trade formats and models such as overseas warehouses and digital trade to ensure that the share of exports in the country is basically stable. In the new year, Zhejiang government and enterprises joined forces to seize the start, laying a solid foundation for new achievements in foreign trade in the new year.

　　In the past 10 years, the company has seized the opportunity of the rapid growth of textile and garment industry in the countries that jointly built the "Belt and Road", done a good job in market segmentation according to the market characteristics of the countries that jointly built the "Belt and Road", and established extensive cooperative relations with customers in the countries that jointly built the "Belt and Road".

　　Just over 8,000 kilometers away in the China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone, the first overseas factory of Caidie’s "Belt and Road" countries has officially laid the foundation stone. Compared with Butterfly, China Jushi, located in Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, has taken the lead in setting up factories overseas in the Belt and Road Initiative.

　　In 2012, China Jushi set up a factory in Egypt. In 10 years, Jushi Egypt’s glass fiber production capacity jumped from 80,000 tons to 340,000 tons. The rich local mineral resources and human resources have been effectively utilized, which directly promoted local development and directly created more than 2,000 local jobs.

　　Enterprises are in action and the government is not idle. In 2024, Zhejiang Province will launch a new round of "thousands of enterprises" to expand the market and increase orders. In the first quarter, the province planned to organize 385 delegations, and planned to organize more than 4,000 enterprises with more than 6,000 people, including 128 delegations in January, with more than 1,500 enterprises planned. In 2024, we will strive to organize more than 1,000 delegations and more than 10,000 enterprises in the province to expand overseas and support more than 100 provincial-level key exhibitions.

　　In 2023, Zhejiang’s foreign trade withstood multiple pressures such as sluggish external demand and falling prices, and its import, export and import all achieved positive growth. The bright data also shows that the diversified expansion of Zhejiang enterprises in the trade market is effective, and emerging markets are gradually becoming mature markets.

　　According to statistics, in 2023, Zhejiang imported and exported 2.55 trillion yuan to countries that jointly built the "Belt and Road", an increase of 8.2%, accounting for 52.1% of the province’s total import and export value, and contributing 89.5% to the province’s import and export growth.

　　The "second generation of factory" has undergone drastic transformation and upgrading, and foreign trade has made new development.

　　As a big province of private economy, Zhejiang’s "private foreign trade" has distinct characteristics. The data shows that Zhejiang private enterprises continue to play the role of "ballast stone" in stabilizing foreign trade. In 2023, the number of private enterprises with import and export performance in Zhejiang exceeded 100,000 for the first time, reaching 102,000, and the total import and export accounted for more than 80% of the province’s foreign trade for the first time, driving the province’s foreign trade growth rate by 5.6 percentage points.

　　Behind the development of private foreign trade, the reporter found that from the early days of reform and opening up, private enterprises developed and expanded, and the older generation of factory directors seized the opportunity to save their family business to the period of transformation of old and new kinetic energy. A group of "post-80 s" and "post-90 s" young people took over the baton of their parents and became the "second generation of factories". Facing the current complicated foreign trade situation and the new environment of traditional manufacturing industry, how did they break through the trend?

　　Ke Qiao, Shaoxing, Zhejiang is the largest textile trade distribution center in the world. With the change of economic environment, the cost of labor and raw materials has risen sharply, but the order volume has dropped sharply.

　　Shao Lingbin, the second generation of the factory, took over the enterprise in 2016. When it first took over, the enterprise still followed the traditional way of foreign trade development, relying on the mode of "receiving orders and producing" to make profits. However, with the intensification of product homogenization competition and the dilution of profits, the factory has fallen into a dilemma of development. As a last resort, Shao Lingbin began a drastic road of transformation.

　　Shao Lingbin aims to be the top-notch in the industry, investing 10 million yuan in research and development expenses every year, setting up a special team and hiring high-end designers from all over the world with high salaries. After more than three years of research and development, the enterprise finally broke the technical monopoly of foreign enterprises on acetic acid fabrics, and became the national development base of acetic acid and polyester fashion fabrics in one fell swoop, successfully filling the gap in the domestic market.

　　Yang Wei is a "post-80s" and a "second generation factory". At the beginning of the new year, the smart factory built by the enterprise with an investment of 150 million yuan has been partially put into production. During this time, he is busy purchasing equipment and checking the production line.

　　In fact, when he first planned to do intelligent transformation, Yang Wei also encountered many voices of doubt.

　　Yang Wei told reporters that after intelligent transformation, the production capacity of enterprises has increased by 50% and the production efficiency has increased by 30%.

　　Breakthrough of 1% to 10% The number of cross-border online stores in Zhejiang has increased by 20,000 annually.

　　With the rapid development of globalization and Internet technology, cross-border e-commerce has become a new kinetic energy for foreign trade development. At present, there are 199,000 active export online stores in Zhejiang Province, with an increase of 23,000 in 2023. The proportion of cross-border e-commerce goods in foreign trade has also increased from less than 1% in 2015 to nearly 10% in 2023. From "1" to "10", cross-border e-commerce is bringing new business opportunities to thousands of enterprises in Qian Qian.

　　In a scooter manufacturer in Yongkang, Zhejiang, workers are rushing to make a batch of orders sent to Europe before the Spring Festival. In 2024, they just switched from domestic sales to cross-border e-commerce, and have already completed millions of dollars in sales.

　　A cross-border e-commerce "zero-based" enterprise like this can not achieve such results in a short time without the guidance and training of service companies. Ruan Xueqing is the team leader responsible for the operation of this enterprise’s cross-border e-commerce project. In 2024, one tenth of the projects they received were pure domestic trade enterprises transformed into cross-border e-commerce.

　　Nowadays, there are more and more domestic trade enterprises aiming at overseas "track". However, due to the different standards and needs of the domestic and foreign markets, the problem of "acclimatization" will also occur when domestic and foreign trade turn to each other. In the R&D department of this fitness equipment enterprise in Hangzhou, technicians are testing an intelligent spinning bike, which will be sold simultaneously in the international and domestic markets.

　　Since 2022, this enterprise has been "going out to sea" through cross-border e-commerce brands, and its export sales have doubled, which is almost the same as domestic sales. In a promotion activity of overseas e-commerce platform, one of their rowing machine products sold 4500 units in two days, equivalent to domestic sales for half a year.

　　According to the data of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce, in 2023, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in the province was 512.93 billion yuan, an increase of 18.9% year-on-year. Among them, the export was 393.28 billion yuan, an increase of 24%.

CCTV News:In the past ten years, China’s total trade in goods has been continuously improved, ranking first in the world for five consecutive years since 2017, and the total trade in goods and services has also jumped to the top in the world in 2020. While the high-quality development of trade has made historic achievements, the continuous improvement of China’s foreign trade has also played an important role in the development of the national economy and the recovery of the world economy.

At 3 o’clock in the morning, the stall of fruit distributor Zheng Yuqiang became lively. This evening, a new batch of imported jackfruit was welcomed.

Zheng Yuqiang, Beijing fruit distributor:We seldom sold jackfruit a few years ago. Now, if it is normal, it is no problem to sell (sell) more than ten tons a day.

In Beijing’s largest wholesale market for agricultural products — — In Xinfadi market, mid-October is not the peak season for fruit sales, and several imported fruits promoted by Zheng Yuqiang have increased his business.

Beijing fruit buyer Zheng Zhen:I bought some jackfruit and red pitaya today. I come here almost every day and sell everything. There are about 30 to 40 kinds of imported fruits.

In the wholesale market in Beijing, the varieties of imported fruits sold are increasing year by year. Xiao Yang, who just entered the business last year, opened a shop specializing in selling Malaysian Maoshanwang durian. He told reporters that this expensive imported fruit has been selling better and better since it entered the China market in 2019.

Xiao Yang, a distributor of imported fruits in Beijing:Sales are gradually increasing. At the beginning, the people still didn’t approve of it because the price was relatively high. Up to this year, the people’s recognition level is still relatively high, especially people like Beijing who buy more.

In the past ten years, more and more imported fruits such as Philippine avocado, Cambodian banana, Lao citrus and South African pear have entered the mouth of China people. In 2021, China imported more than 7 million tons of fruit, compared with less than 3.45 million tons in 2012, and the import volume doubled in ten years.

Zhang Xiao, Director of the Inspection and Quarantine Department of Animals and Plants and Food of Nanning Customs:At present, the imported fruit varieties from ASEAN have increased from 53 varieties in six countries ten years ago to 77 varieties in the whole ASEAN countries.

Not only high-quality consumer goods such as fruit, but also the import scale of advanced technology and equipment, key parts and other products has been expanding over the past decade, which has better met the needs of domestic production and people’s lives, and also allowed the world to share more dividends brought by China’s economic growth. In 2021, China’s total import value reached 17.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 51.2% compared with 2012.

Professor Cui Fan, School of International Business and Economics, University of International Business and Economics:The country’s opening up, especially (import), includes high-quality products that are beneficial to people’s living standards and meet people’s needs, so that our trading partners can share the fruits of China’s economic development.

In the past ten years, China has taken the initiative to reduce commodity tariffs, and the total tariff level has dropped from 9.8% in 2012 to 7.4% in 2021. New trade formats and new kinetic energy are constantly being stimulated, and the import and export scale of cross-border e-commerce has increased nearly tenfold in the past five years.

High-level import and export will further optimize the trade structure. In a factory in Qingdao, Shandong Province, 10 sets of high-speed EMUs for Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway have been manufactured and are waiting for delivery. Last month, the first batch of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway high-speed EMUs and comprehensive inspection trains exported to Indonesia arrived in Jakarta Port smoothly, which was the first time that China’s high-speed trains were exported abroad.

Zhang Fangtao, Chief Designer of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway High-speed EMU:The Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway high-speed EMU will be sent to Indonesia in November, and Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway will be put into operation in 2023 according to the plan. By then, the travel time from Jakarta to Bandung will be shortened from the current three hours to about 40 minutes.

Going out with high-end equipment, there are our supporting services. In the past ten years, the leading export industries have been transformed and upgraded from traditional labor-intensive products to high-tech industries, and the knowledge-intensive service trade has maintained rapid growth.

Ma Qiang, Deputy General Manager of overseas business department of CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd.:We provide maintenance technical support for Argentine national railway company. Up to now, the company’s products and services have been exported to 29 countries and regions around the world.

From 24.4 trillion yuan in 2012 to 39.1 trillion yuan in 2021, in the past ten years, China’s total trade in goods has continued to increase, and its international market share has also increased from 10.4% in 2012 to 13.5% last year, and its position as the largest country in global trade in goods has been further consolidated. Nowadays, there are more and more high-level platforms for opening to the outside world, such as China China International Import Expo(CIIE), Service Trade Fair and Consumer Expo. China has set up 21 free trade zones and one free trade port, with free trade partners spread across five continents. In the past ten years, China’s average contribution rate to world economic growth reached 38.6%, ranking first in the world.

　　At least 1,500 people were killed in the conflict, and Saakashvili said that Russia and Georgia entered a state of war.

In South Ossetia, a Georgian tank was hit and burst into flames. This edition of photos was issued by Xinhua News Agency.

On the 9th, Georgia declared a "state of war".

Georgian soldiers ran past a building that caught fire after being attacked.

　　The conflict in South Ossetia, Georgia escalated on the 9th. The Russian military announced on the same day that it had taken control of Tskhinvali, which Georgia claimed to control the day before. Georgia declared a "state of war" on the 9th. Georgian President Saakashvili said that Russia "invaded Georgia without scruple". Although the two countries did not declare war, they actually entered a state of war.

　　At least 1,500 people have died in South Ossetia as of the 9th, and more than 30,000 refugees have flooded into Russia. US President Bush called for a ceasefire between the two sides.

　　situation on the battlefield

　　Russian troops killed and injured more than 100 people.

　　The conflict in South Ossetia, Georgia, continued on the 9th. Russian peacekeepers who entered South Ossetia took control of Tskhinvali that day. The Georgian side has not confirmed this statement. Anatoly Nagovitsyn, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, said on the 9th that two Russian warplanes were shot down.

　　This is the first time that Russia has admitted that the fighter plane was shot down. Georgia claimed on the same day that it shot down 10 Russian warplanes and destroyed 30 tanks.

　　Igor Konashenkov, Assistant Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, said that the number of peacekeepers killed in Russia rose to 15 on the 9th, and 150 were injured. It is unclear how many soldiers and equipment the two sides have invested.

　　respond

　　Ge recalled troops in Iraq

　　Georgian President mikhail saakashvili said on the 9th: "I signed a decree declaring the country into a state of war". Alexander Lomaya, secretary of Georgia’s National Security Council, later said that the Georgian parliament unanimously passed the order signed by Saakashvili on the same day, announcing that the country had entered a state of martial law for 15 days.

　　On the 9th, the Georgian government evacuated the staff in the Presidential Palace and other office buildings to guard against air strikes by Russian warplanes.

　　Bondo Maisuradze, commander of Georgian troops in Iraq, said on the 9th that Georgia plans to withdraw all its troops in Iraq and transfer them all to South Ossetia.

　　Maisuradze said: "All Georgian troops (in Iraq) should leave." He said that the specific withdrawal plan has not yet been finalized, and Georgia has asked the United States for assistance. Earlier, Saakashvili said in an interview with the media that he began to withdraw troops stationed in Iraq on the 9 th. There are 2000 Georgian troops in Iraq.

　　progress

　　Russia wants to send more troops to promote peace

　　Russian President Dmitry Medvedev convened Defense Minister Anatoly serdyukov and Armed Forces Chief of Staff Nikolai makarov to discuss the situation in South Ossetia on the 9th. Medvedev said: "Russian peacekeepers and reinforcements are now taking action to force Georgia to (agree to restore) peace." Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that "the situation in South Ossetia continues to deteriorate" and has now suffered a "humanitarian disaster". He said that about 1,500 people in South Ossetia died in the conflict, and the death toll continues to rise.

　　Itar-Tass quoted sergey sobyanin, director of the Russian Prime Minister’s Office, as saying: "More than 30,000 refugees have poured into Russia in the past 36 hours."

　　■ Link

　　China calls on all parties to the conflict to cease fire.

　　China’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said on the 9th that China is seriously concerned about the escalation of tension and armed conflict in South Ossetia. China calls on relevant parties to exercise restraint and cease fire immediately. Qin Gang said: We sincerely hope that all parties to the conflict can resolve their disputes peacefully through dialogue, so as to maintain peace and stability in the region.

　　US President Bush, who is in Beijing, said on the evening of 9th that the armed conflict in South Ossetia has affected the peace of the whole region. He called on all parties to cease fire immediately and return to the position before August 6.

　　The United Nations Security Council met on the 8th to discuss the conflict in South Ossetia, but the 15 members failed to reach an agreement. This is the second meeting of the Security Council in the past two days to discuss this issue.

　　analyse

　　The United States and Russia wrestle over South Ossetia.

　　Georgian President Saakashvili has been pursuing the policy of actively integrating into the West and joining NATO since he took office. This policy is strongly supported by the United States.

　　After Kosovo declared independence in February this year, Russia began to adjust its policy toward South Ossetia in order to counter the US position of recognizing Kosovo’s independence. On March 21, the Russian State Duma adopted a statement suggesting that the Russian President and government consider recognizing the independence of South Ossetia. Subsequently, then Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered relevant Russian parties to provide material assistance to residents of South Ossetia and Russian expatriates, and to establish a local mechanism to comprehensively protect the rights and freedoms of Russian expatriates.

　　In view of this situation, Georgia resolutely opposes it on the one hand, and actively seeks international support, especially the support of the United States on the other. The Georgian army has also strengthened construction, equipped with new weapons, received training from American instructors, and conducted joint military exercises with the United States and other countries.

　　Analysts believe that the independence of South Ossetia is a major obstacle for Georgia to join NATO, and Georgia launched such a large-scale military operation to eliminate this obstacle. Russia will never allow Georgia’s central government to fully control this region.

　　Analysts believe that the United States and Russia are two key supporters of Georgia and South Ossetia respectively. The policies of the United States and Russia will affect the trend of the situation in South Ossetia.

　　Special text According to Xinhua News Agency

　　■ background

　　South Ossetia has a long history.

　　South Ossetia, located in the Caucasus, is an autonomous prefecture of Georgia, bordering Russia’s North Ossetia, with an area of 3,900 square kilometers and 70,000 residents. South Ossetia demanded independence in the early 1990s, and there were many armed conflicts with the Georgian central government.

　　Since 1992, Russia, Georgia, South Ossetia and North Ossetia have formed the Quadripartite Mixed Supervisory Committee to resolve the conflict in South Ossetia, and the former three parties have formed a mixed peacekeeping force to station in the conflict area.

　　After taking office in early 2004, Georgian President Saakashvili promised to restore Georgia’s control over the entire South Ossetia region.

　　In November 2006, the second referendum in South Ossetia passed the demand for independence, but it was not recognized by the central government.

　　On August 7, 2008, Saakashvili announced a ceasefire and called on the South Ossetian authorities to cease fire immediately and respond to the proposal of direct negotiations. South Ossetia said it agreed to a temporary ceasefire.

Editor: Zhang Renhe

You may think that you are in good health and there will be no major problems, but you know what? Some people suddenly fell down and never woke up because of temporary excitement or fatigue. This is sudden death, an unpredictable fatal event.

There seems to be nothing wrong. Why did you die suddenly?

Is there any rule of sudden death? Is there any warning? Can we avoid it? To answer these questions, let’s take a look at a recent study.

This study was published in the journal chinese journal of critical care medicine in April, 2020, entitled "Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of 5,516 Cases of Autopsy Sudden Death in China". The researchers dissected the bodies of 5516 cases of sudden death and found the following important findings:

1. Emotional excitement and fatigue are the most common causes.

The study found that among the causes of sudden death, emotional excitement accounted for 26%, fatigue accounted for 25%, and blood volume change accounted for 8.95%. Other inducements include drinking, satiety and minor injuries.

2. Heart problem is the main reason.

It was found that among the causes of sudden death, cardiogenic sudden death accounted for 57.76%, pulmonary sudden death accounted for 21.63%, and brain-derived sudden death accounted for 9.21%. Sudden cardiac death is mainly caused by coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and arrhythmia.

3. There are often some uncomfortable signals before sudden death.

It is found that people with symptoms and signs in sudden death are most often manifested as sudden attack (20.10%), rest and sleep (16.71%), followed by vomiting (7.49%), dyspnea, chest tightness and sweating, dizziness, chest pain, abdominal pain, convulsion, headache, palpitation, cough and disturbance of consciousness.

People with chronic diseases are more prone to sudden death.

It was found that hypertension (37.95%), heart disease (30.02%) and diabetes (23.79%) were the most common among those with past history. Followed by dysplasia, hyperlipidemia, tumor, infection, hyperthyroidism and so on.

5.30 ~ 63 years old is the high incidence age of sudden cardiac death.

People in this age group are at an important stage of their career and family, with high work pressure, fast pace of life, irregular diet, and addiction to cigarettes and good wine, which may easily lead to "three highs" and coronary heart disease.

How to avoid sudden death? Please do the following three points.

From these laws, we can get some enlightenment:

Middle-aged people should pay attention to controlling their emotions!

Do you often get angry and quarrel with others because of some small things? Are you sometimes so excited that you get carried away and even laugh until you cry? You may think these are normal emotional expressions, but you know what? These mood swings may bring fatal danger to your heart!

A media person once witnessed such a tragedy. Her father-in-law was taken to the hospital because of a sudden acute myocardial infarction, and survived after the rescue. However, she found that in her father-in-law’s ward, the other six patients have one thing in common: they are all quick-tempered and short-tempered, and they are emotional, angry and angry when things happen.

She learned a lesson from it: these people are all out of control because of their emotions, which leads to heart problems!

Why is emotional excitement harmful to the heart?

It turns out that when we are angry or excited, the body will secrete a lot of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which will double the blood flow of the heart, strengthen the contractility of the heart and accelerate the heartbeat. At the same time, blood vessels will contract, blood pressure will increase and blood viscosity will increase. In this way, the heart will bear a greater burden, prone to arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, chest tightness, palpitation and other symptoms. If the duration is too long or the frequency is too high, it may induce serious cardiovascular events such as angina pectoris or myocardial infarction.

Therefore, middle-aged people should learn to adjust their emotions and maintain peace. Don’t vent or suppress things that don’t go your way, but find a suitable way to release the pressure. For example, you can chat with friends, listen to music, do sports and read books. This can not only relax the body and mind, but also enhance the physical fitness, which is beneficial to the heart.

Middle-aged people should rest moderately and avoid overwork!

Are you often so busy with work and family that you even ignore your physical discomfort? You may think it’s your responsibility and responsibility, but you know what? This lifestyle may make your heart stop beating at any time!

Research shows that many sudden deaths have experienced high pressure, long-term and high-intensity working conditions. This kind of work will make your sympathetic nerves overexcited, leading to heart overload, arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. If the duration is too long or the frequency is too high, it may lead to fatal cardiovascular events such as arrhythmia or myocardial infarction. Some people die suddenly because of working overtime overnight, mood swings and nervous stress, which leads to neurological dysfunction, coronary artery spasm and sudden stop of blood supply to the heart.

Therefore, middle-aged people should arrange their work and rest reasonably, don’t be overworked, and don’t stay up late to hurt themselves. It is necessary to do some aerobic exercise properly to relax and enhance physical fitness. It is necessary to have a regular physical examination to find and treat chronic diseases in time. Keep good living habits and stay away from alcohol, tobacco and greasy food. Only in this way can you protect your heart from the threat of sudden death.

Middle-aged people should pay attention to body signals and seek medical treatment in time!

You may not know that before sudden death, your body actually gave you many warnings. If you can find and deal with it in time, it is possible to avoid the tragedy.

So, what are the signals before sudden death? According to research, the most common symptom before sudden death is chest discomfort, which mainly has the following three manifestations:

Angina pectoris. This is a feeling of pain or oppression in the chest or precordial area, which usually lasts less than 15 minutes and is often accompanied by dysphagia or chest tightness. This is caused by heart ischemia and hypoxia.

Flustered. This is a feeling of rapid or irregular heartbeat, which usually lasts less than 10 minutes and is often accompanied by discomfort such as chest tightness, fatigue and dizziness. This is due to cardiac electrophysiological dysfunction.

Low blood pressure. This is a state in which blood pressure drops below the normal value, which generally lasts less than 5 minutes, and is often accompanied by symptoms such as cold sweat and dyspnea. This is because the pumping function of the heart is weakened.

These signals mostly occur after physical activity, emotional excitement or satiety. If they can be relieved after rest, it means a mild heart problem. However, if it still doesn’t improve after rest, or there are frequent or persistent signals, it means that it is a serious heart problem and needs immediate medical attention.

In addition to these signals, there are some less obvious signals, such as left arm pain, sore throat or toothache. These signals may be nerve reflexes caused by heart problems, which also need attention.

In short, middle-aged people should pay special attention to their physical changes. If there is any chest discomfort, dull pain or fatigue, they should go to the hospital for examination in time and don’t take it lightly. Only early detection and treatment of heart problems can effectively prevent and reduce the risk of sudden death.

Paper materials: Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of 5516 Cases of Autopsy Sudden Death in China, chinese journal of critical care medicine Journal in April 2020.

Original title: "Doctors dissected more than 5,000 cases of sudden death and found that people who died suddenly had these rules! 》

Read the original text

Beijing Medical Insurance No.41 [2022].

The medical insurance bureaus of all districts, the Social Affairs Bureau of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, and the designated medical institutions:

　　In order to continuously improve people’s sense of gain, happiness and security in medical treatment settlement in different places, according to the spirit of the Notice of the National Medical Insurance Bureau and the Ministry of Finance on Further Improving the Direct Settlement of Medical Treatment in Different Provinces of Basic Medical Insurance (No.22 [2022] of Medical Insurance), this Municipality further improves the direct settlement of medical treatment in different provinces of basic medical insurance (hereinafter referred to as direct settlement) and regulates the management of direct settlement services. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, improve the direct settlement policy

　　(a) unified hospitalization, general outpatient and outpatient chronic diseases direct settlement fund payment policy. The medical expenses for inpatient, general outpatient and outpatient chronic and special diseases directly settled by the insured shall, in principle, implement the payment scope and relevant regulations (payment scope of basic medical insurance drugs, medical service items and medical consumables) stipulated by the insured place, and implement the relevant policies such as the basic medical insurance fund Qifubiaozhun, payment ratio, maximum payment limit and outpatient chronic and special diseases.

　　(two) to clarify the scope of medical records in different provinces. Insured persons in this city can apply for inter-provincial medical record when they need medical treatment in different places. After the record, the insured persons can enjoy direct settlement service in the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions where medical treatment is filed.

　　(3) Standardizing the validity period of inter-provincial medical records in different places. Insured persons in this Municipality may, when filing medical treatment in different places across provinces, choose their own effective period of filing according to actual needs, and the effective date and deadline of filing shall be subject to the date of system registration. When the insured person’s place of filing for medical treatment or unit, insurance type and other insured relationships change, it is necessary to go through the filing procedures again, and the original filing validity period will automatically expire after re-filing.

　　(4) It is allowed to re-submit medical records in different provinces and places, and the injured insured without third-party liability can enjoy direct settlement services. Before the settlement of the insured’s inter-provincial medical treatment in different places, the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions shall provide direct settlement services for the insured. If the insured person who goes to different provinces for medical treatment goes through the filing formalities according to the regulations after being discharged from hospital at his own expense, he can apply for manual reimbursement of medical insurance according to the regulations of the insured place. At the same time, the medical expenses of trauma without third-party liability that meet the management regulations of medical treatment places can be included in the direct settlement scope.

　　Two, standardize the direct settlement management services

　　(a) simplify the inter provincial medical record. Insured persons in this city need to go through the inter-provincial medical record before seeking medical treatment in different places. The filing procedures can be handled through online and offline channels, such as the national medical insurance service platform APP, the national remote medical filing applet, the the State Council client applet or the window of each district agency, by registering my information and signing a personal commitment letter.

　　(two) clear the scope of direct settlement. When the insured persons in this city apply for medical treatment in different provinces for the record, in principle, the medical treatment place only needs to be put on record in the co-ordination area where the medical treatment place is located. All the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions in the co-ordination area for the record medical treatment are designated medical institutions for the insured persons in different places, and they can enjoy hospitalization, general outpatient service or direct settlement service for drug purchase. The insured persons in this city who seek medical treatment for special diseases in different provinces need to be filed with the designated medical institutions at the place where they seek medical treatment. In principle, two designated medical institutions can be selected for a special disease, and they can seek medical treatment in the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions that have opened the direct settlement service for corresponding outpatient chronic and special diseases, and the treatment expenses related to special diseases can enjoy direct settlement service.

　　(three) standardize the insured to medical insurance electronic certificate, social security card. Insured persons who seek medical treatment in different places across provinces should take the initiative to show their insured status in the designated medical institutions networked across provinces where they seek medical treatment, and produce valid certificates such as medical insurance electronic certificate or social security cards. Inter-provincial networking designated medical institutions should do a good job in the authentication of insured persons in different places, guide those who have not filed for the record to go through the filing procedures in time, and provide reasonable and standardized diagnosis and treatment services and convenient and fast settlement services for insured persons who meet the requirements of medical places.

　　(4) Standardize the direct settlement process. When medical treatment is directly settled in different provinces, the medical treatment place should upload the cost information to the national medical security information platform according to the unified requirements of the state for direct settlement between designated medical institutions and insured persons connected across provinces. If it cannot be settled directly for some reason, the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions should also upload medical expenses details, diagnosis and other medical information, and support the pilot online processing of manual reimbursement.

　　(five) the unified management of medical treatment. Medical insurance agencies at all levels should bring medical personnel from different places into the unified management of this Municipality, and provide the same services and management as the insured in this Municipality in terms of medical information recording, performance appraisal, medical behavior monitoring, cost audit, total budget, etc., and make it clear in the medical security service agreement of designated medical institutions; Explore the application of medical insurance payment reform in medical settlement in different places, and guide designated medical institutions to make reasonable diagnosis and treatment.

　　(six) to strengthen the collaborative management of medical services across provinces. Medical insurance departments at all levels should gradually improve the working mechanism, form a coordinated management system of inter-provincial medical services in different places with clear division of labor, clear responsibilities and unified processes, and comprehensively improve the coordinated management ability of inter-provincial medical services in terms of problem coordination, online reimbursement, cost investigation and information sharing.

　　Three, strengthen the management of medical funds across provinces and different places.

　　The medical insurance fund payment part of the inter-provincial medical expenses in different places shall be paid in advance and then liquidated. Inter-provincial medical expenses in different places shall be settled in full on a monthly basis in accordance with the unified national clearing method. The municipal medical insurance agency and the municipal finance department shall, in accordance with the detailed rules for the implementation of direct settlement of medical treatment in different provinces of Beijing (Annex), coordinate in the allocation and collection of clearing funds. Bank charges and bank bill fees incurred in the process of allocating funds for medical treatment in different provinces shall not be charged in the fund. The interest generated by the advance payment in the financial special account of the medical treatment place belongs to the medical treatment place.

　　Fourth, improve the support for standardization of medical insurance informationization

　　(a) continue to deepen the national unified medical insurance information platform for the whole business process application. Medical insurance departments at all levels should solidly promote the dynamic maintenance and deepening application of coding in accordance with the unified national norms and requirements, improve the management system of medical insurance operation and maintenance of information technology, continuously improve the level of medical insurance data governance, and provide strong system support for direct settlement.

　　(2) Continue to optimize and improve the system. Medical insurance departments at all levels should constantly optimize system performance, reduce response time and effectively improve the direct settlement experience of insured persons in accordance with the unified national interface standards and specifications. When the medical insurance system stops and switches, it should be reported in advance, verified in the process and monitored afterwards to ensure that the data migration is timely, complete and accurate, to solve the influence of information changes such as personal number on the business in transit, and to ensure the smooth connection of business and the stable operation of the system.

　　(3) Strengthen system operation and maintenance management and security. Medical insurance departments at all levels should continue to build professional and reliable operation and maintenance management teams, build operation and maintenance management processes in infrastructure, network security, cloud platforms, business subsystems and other fields, and form a scientific and effective operation and maintenance management system. Implement safety management responsibilities, improve system safety operation and maintenance capabilities, strengthen information system boundary protection, prohibit cross-provincial networked designated medical institutions from connecting the information system of medical insurance system to the Internet, standardize cross-provincial medical identity verification, and ensure data security. Standardize the quality control standard of abnormal transaction error information, classify the problems, describe the reasons of errors concisely and easily, facilitate the problem location of abnormal transactions, and respond to them in time.

　　Five, strengthen the supervision of direct settlement funds

　　Medical insurance departments at all levels should earnestly implement the regulatory responsibilities of medical treatment places and insured places. As a place for medical treatment, direct settlement should be regarded as the key content of daily supervision, special inspection and flight inspection, and all kinds of fraudulent insurance fraud should be severely cracked down. At the same time, it is necessary to cooperate with medical insurance departments in different places to do relevant verification; As an insured place, it is necessary to regularly analyze the use of medical insurance funds across provinces and different places, accurately lock the clues of suspicious problems, and actively carry out problem verification to ensure the safe and rational use of medical insurance funds.

　　Medical insurance departments at all levels shall, in accordance with the spirit of this circular, take direct settlement as an important task to deepen the reform of the medical security system, strengthen organizational leadership, coordinate and promote, and do a good job in publicity and training to ensure a smooth transition of direct settlement in this Municipality.

　　This notice shall be implemented as of January 1, 2023. If the previous documents are inconsistent with this notice, this notice shall prevail.

Beijing Municipal Medical Security Bureau　　　　

December 30, 2022　　

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 23 rd, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization pointed out: "Promote the coordinated development and governance of medical care, medical insurance and medicine." Medical treatment refers to the medical and health services provided by medical and health institutions and medical personnel. It is the core content of medical treatment, health care and rehabilitation for the masses. It has the most direct relationship with the masses and the most concrete feelings of the masses. Medical insurance refers to the medical security system and its level of protection. Medical insurance fund is the "life-saving money" for people to see a doctor, and it is also an important source of financing for medical services and medical products. Medicine refers to Chinese and western medicines, medical devices, medical consumables and other related products. As an important means of medical and health services, it is directly related to the quality, safety and ability of services. The state exercises strict supervision over medical products to ensure quality, safety and effectiveness, and encourages innovation to increase the supply of high-quality medical products. There are three main considerations for the coordinated development and governance of "three medicines".

First, the "three doctors" are interrelated and inseparable. Medical care plays a major role in serving the people’s life, illness, illness, and medical treatment. By deepening the structural reform of the supply side of medical services, we will vigorously develop new quality productivity of health care, mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the majority of medical staff, promote the high-quality development of health care, and better meet the people’s yearning for a better life. Medical insurance is connected with the "demand side" of the people, which reduces the economic burden of patients by exerting the guarantee function; The other end is connected with the two "suppliers" of medical care and medicine, which can not only adjust the supply of medical services, standardize medical service behavior, promote hospital reform and promote graded diagnosis and treatment through payment methods and price policies, but also reduce the price of medical products through centralized procurement of pharmaceutical consumables and exert leverage. The production and supply of high-quality and high-efficiency pharmaceutical products provide necessary technical means and material guarantee for medical and health services, and at the same time get reasonable compensation from payers such as medical insurance to realize the healthy development of the industry. Medical care, medical insurance and medicine jointly protect people’s health. To improve the development level of health undertakings, it is necessary for relevant departments to cooperate closely and make concerted efforts to promote the coordinated development and governance of "three medicines".

Second, the coordinated development and governance of the "three medicines" can further benefit the people and the people and better solve the people’s livelihood problems. Medical and health service is an important part of public service and an important field that people expect for a better life. With the development of economy and society and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, people hope to obtain more safe, effective, convenient and cheap medical and health services, more comprehensive coverage and higher level of basic medical security, and innovative and advanced medical products. Only by vigorously promoting the coordinated development and governance of the "three medicines" and forming a joint effort can we better meet the people’s new expectations for a better life, improve the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security, and deepen the reform of the medical and health system to benefit people’s livelihood more directly.

Third, the coordinated development and governance of the "three medicines" is conducive to promoting the governance of all links in the whole chain of the medical field and correcting unhealthy trends. Influenced by many factors, there are still some phenomena and problems in the field of medicine and health that endanger the interests of the people and harm public welfare and people’s health rights and interests. Among them, there are some problems in medical service, such as big prescription, excessive examination and overuse of drugs, which damage people’s health and waste health resources; There are also fraudulent behaviors in the field of medical insurance, which seriously threaten the safety of medical insurance funds; There are also problems in the field of pharmaceutical production, circulation and sales, such as "sales with gold", price increases at different levels, and imaginary costs. These problems are often intertwined, connecting multiple stakeholders and running through many links of "three medicines". To solve these problems, we must adhere to the party’s leadership, treat both the symptoms and the root causes, strengthen supervision in the whole chain, comprehensively adopt institutional supervision, functional supervision, behavioral supervision, penetrating supervision, continuous supervision and other means, strengthen the linkage between the "three medical" departments, strengthen the connection between discipline and law and execution, and severely crack down on and punish acts that infringe on public rights and interests according to law. The coordinated development and management of the "three medicines" can achieve the above objectives, and play a positive role in controlling unhealthy trends and establishing new trends in the industry, and play a significant role.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:These days, a storm surrounding Madagascar chameleon has been fermenting. The cause of the incident should also start with a post from a Weibo netizen named @ Daiwa Exploring the World. On February 18th, the day before the Lunar New Year Lantern Festival, this Weibo netizen @ Daiwa explored the world and published an article entitled "Help my mother quickly". This article said that two China men, Wu Mou and Ma Moumou, organized and led a group of 19 parents and children to Madagascar for the New Year in February this year, and participated in outdoor activities such as parent-child popular science tours.

　　　　　　 According to the article, the so-called China men Wu Mou and Ma Moumou claimed to be "entomologists of China Academy of Sciences", but they led their children and parents to "teach children to catch wild animals with their bare hands" and even violated local laws during their travels in Madagascar, regardless of their lives. According to the article, when the group returned to China, they put a live chameleon in the bag of a child’s parents and tried to smuggle it back to China. As a result, the so-called "organizer" Ma Moumou and the parents were arrested by the Madagascar police at the airport, with a maximum of 10 years’ imprisonment and a high fine of up to 200 million Malagasy dollars (about 400,000 yuan).

　　　　　　 There are many questions to be solved about the private chameleon.

　　　　　　 At present, there are still many doubts about this incident. Are the "Wu Mou and Ma Moumou" mentioned in this net really the so-called "insect experts of China Academy of Sciences"? During the Chinese New Year this year, the 19-member scientific delegation led by them, including parents and children, traveled to Madagascar. Is it really qualified? The most controversial point is whether a China parent who was detained by the Malagasy police involved brought the chameleon back to China privately, or "Wu Mou and Ma Moumou", as mentioned in the article, secretly put the live chameleon in her backpack in an attempt to bring it back to China without the parents’ knowledge. Although these questions haven’t been clearly answered, official website, the Embassy of China in Madagascar, has released the relevant notice of this incident. At present, this incident of "China tourists being detained by Madagascar police on suspicion of taking prohibited items such as chameleons out of the country" is in the judicial review stage, and there is no specific court date.

　　　　　　 There is no specific court date under judicial review.

　　　　　　 China’s Embassy in the Republic of Madagascar, official website, reported on February 18th that tourists from China were detained by Madagascar police on suspicion of bringing chameleons and other prohibited items out of the country. At present, the matter is in the stage of judicial review, and there is no specific court date.

　　　　　　 This outdoor activity was jointly initiated by Wu and Ma, and set off from China on February 6th at the tropical rain forest on the east and west coasts of Madagascar. Most of the members who participated in the outdoor activities were children and parents who liked insects, animals and plants. According to media reports, the wild animals seized this time, including a chameleon, a lizard and fifteen centipedes, were all placed in plastic boxes covered with cotton wool. Lawyers said that those involved may face a fine of 40,000 euros.

　　　　　　 Malaysia has strict regulations on the exit of "endangered animals and plants"

　　　　　　 Let’s also briefly understand Madagascar’s strict regulations on the entry and exit of endangered animals and plants. Just now, we saw a lawyer say that if you leave the country with endangered animals and plants according to previous local laws, you may face a fine of 40,000 euros, equivalent to about 300,000 yuan. However, we also checked the entry-exit customs office at the airport in Tanana Lifu, Madagascar’s capital, and clearly posted the management requirements for carrying jewelry, herbs, endangered animals and plants, frozen meat, alcohol and other items. The maximum penalty is far more than the 40,000 euros mentioned by lawyers.

　　　　　　 According to Malaysian customs regulations, if you carry "endangered animals and plants", you need to apply for the import and export license allowed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and you need to apply for an epidemic prevention certificate if you carry "live animals"; Once violations are found, those who transport endangered animals and plants without permission will be punished with 2 to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine of up to 200 million Arial (equivalent to about 400,000 yuan). Although not all kinds of chameleons, lizards and centipedes are endangered animals, the corresponding criminal punishment of "transporting endangered animals and plants" is the heaviest compared with illegal transportation of drugs, weapons and illegal food in Malaysian customs regulations.

　　　　　　 Not by chance? The organizers involved are frequently exposed.

　　　　　　 What is the truth of this case, we have to wait for the Malaysian judicial review and court session to come to the bottom. However, some background about this "China tourists are suspected of bringing chameleons back to China privately" has also attracted great media attention. After the incident, some media found that this did not seem to be an accident. Because the so-called "organizers" Ma Moumou and Wu Mou, who went to Madagascar for a popular science parent-child tour, were previously exposed to abetting and luring children and parents to hunt protected wild animals and bring them into the country, not only "teaching children to catch bats with their bare hands", but also "teaching children to catch wild animals". At the same time, another "organizer" Wu Mou also flowed out on the Internet, and in Weibo, he exposed various "intimate photos" of Malaysian animals and plants such as chameleons during his trip to Malaysia, but the legality could not be confirmed; However, after the incident, Wu Mou, the organizer of the group, deleted a large number of Weibo words and pictures. In addition, as far as Ma’s identity is concerned, some media have revealed that he is an "expert who impersonates a member of the Science Education Alliance of the Chinese Academy of Sciences", but in fact he is an insect dealer who sells wild animals and plants, but this statement has not been verified. In this regard, on February 19, the official micro "Voice of the Chinese Academy of Sciences" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences also forwarded "Ma Moumou pretends to be Weibo, a so-called expert of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

　　　　　　 Expert Interpretation: Wild animals and plants should be "viewed from a distance"

　　　　　　 In recent years, popular science parent-child travel is very popular, but what should we pay attention to when we are in close contact with wild animals? Come and listen to the expert’s analysis.

　　　　　　 Experts said that ecotourism, as a new way of tourism, is deeply loved by parents and friends because it is close to nature and entertaining. However, wild animals often carry viruses themselves and their temperament is elusive. It is very dangerous to reach out and touch without isolation measures, not to mention catching them by hand or even bringing exotic species back to China. Experts say that in addition to violating the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, bringing exotic species back to China will also lead to species invasion, which will damage biodiversity protection and ecological environment.

　　　　　　 So how should we treat wild animals? Experts suggest that tourists should respect all life in nature and get to know them without disturbing their normal life.

　　　　　　 Zhang Na, an expert in animal and plant protection, said, "I think we should follow the principle of three noes when dealing with wild animals, that is, no trapping, no touching and no disturbing. We should know from an early age that wild animals belong to nature and are our friends, so we should respect them. We will observe them and understand them without disturbing their normal life, and then we hope that everyone can respect all life in nature. "

Huawei Pura 70 seriesIt is on sale today, starting at 5499 yuan.

On April 22nd, Huawei officially launched Pura. 70Series two models, including Pura. 70And Pura 70 Pro. In terms of selling price, the starting price of Pura 70 is 5499 yuan, and the starting price of Pura 70 Pro is 7999 yuan.

Pura 70 Pro configuration upgrade

Compared with Pura 70, Pura 70 Pro is equipped with a more durable.Xuanwu toughened Kunlun glassScreen, storage capacity is also larger. The machine offers two configurations: the 16GB+512GB version costs 7999 yuan, and the 16GB+1TB version costs 8999 yuan.

Pura 70 has a straight screen design and does not support satellite communication.

Pura 70 adoptsStraight screen and straight edge designThe front is equipped with a 6.6-inch straight screen and second-generation Kunlun glass. The rear three-camera combination includes a 50-megapixel super spotlight camera, a 13-megapixel super wide-angle camera and a 12-megapixel periscope telephoto camera. In addition, the machine is equipped with a 4900mAh battery, which supports 66W wired fast charging, 50W wireless fast charging and 7.5W wireless reverse charging.

It is worth noting that Pura 70 Standard Edition does not support satellite communication and star flashing functions.

(reporting)

　　BEIJING, Beijing, July 27 (Wu Tao) Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued "Guiding Opinions on Establishing Modern Hospital Management System" (hereinafter referred to as "Guiding Opinions"), which made a series of arrangements for establishing modern hospitals. What will the modern hospital be built into? Is it more convenient for people to see a doctor? What changes have been made to the salary of medical staff? Zhongxin. com has combed and summarized this.

　　What will a modern hospital look like?

　　— — Adhere to public welfare and control the scale of special needs services in hospitals

　　The Guiding Opinions pointed out that modern hospitals first adhere to the public welfare of public hospitals, adhere to the people’s health as the center, and put people’s health in a strategic position of giving priority to development. Modern hospitals adhere to the separation of government affairs and management, reasonably define the government’s supervisory responsibilities, and give public hospitals the right to operate and manage independently.

　　The reporter observed that the Guiding Opinions put forward some particularly detailed requirements for modern hospitals. For example, it is necessary to strictly control the bed size, construction standards and large-scale medical equipment in public hospitals, prohibit debt construction and luxury decoration, and gradually compress beds that exceed the scale standards. Control the scale of special services in public hospitals, and the proportion of special services provided shall not exceed 10%.

　　The opinions in the Guidance also suggest that an accountability mechanism should be established for acts such as arbitrary charges and bad practices that have a major social impact, acts that have caused major medical accidents and major safety accidents, serious cases of violation of laws and discipline, and serious violations of the construction of professional ethics.

　　It is worth noting that modern hospitals put forward a series of requirements for the position of dean. The dean should be fully responsible for medical treatment, teaching, scientific research and administrative management. The president’s office meeting is the administrative and business decision-making body of public hospitals, which makes decisions on discussion and research matters. At the same time, the annual and term target responsibility of the president is assessed, which is linked to the president’s salary, appointment and dismissal, rewards and punishments.

　　Wu Ming, a professor at peking university health science center College of Public Health, believes that the Guiding Opinions not only gives public hospitals the right to operate and manage independently, but also promotes the reform of medical insurance payment method, cancels drug addition, adjusts the price of medical services, reduces the price of medical consumables, and the "two-vote system", and establishes an effective competition mechanism in the medical service market to form an effective constraint on public hospitals, so as to ensure that the dean has the right not to be willful.

　　It is more convenient for patients to see a doctor.

　　— — Strengthen the emergency power and smooth the green channel

　　What impact does the establishment of modern hospitals have on patients? First of all, the doctor-patient relationship that everyone is concerned about is mentioned in the Guiding Opinions, for example, promoting the construction of the "three mediations and one insurance" mechanism that organically combines hospital mediation, people’s mediation, judicial mediation and medical risk sharing mechanism, properly resolving medical disputes and building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

　　The Guiding Opinions also pointed out that patients’ satisfaction is an aspect of the assessment of medical staff, and the assessment of medical staff is directly related to their salary level and even job appointment and dismissal. City doctors have served at the grassroots or counterpart medical institutions for not less than 1 year before being promoted to the title of attending physician or deputy chief physician.

　　In addition, the "Guiding Opinions" proposes to carry out information-based convenience services such as medical guidance, settlement between clinics, push of inspection results, and settlement of medical treatment in different places. Develop high-quality nursing services and strengthen the services of social workers and volunteers. All these provide better services for people to see a doctor.

　　In addition, tertiary public hospitals should all participate in the construction of medical complexes and play a leading role. Further improve medical services, optimize medical procedures, rationally arrange facilities in consultation areas, scientifically implement appointment diagnosis and treatment, and implement day surgery, telemedicine and multidisciplinary joint diagnosis and treatment models. Strengthen the emergency rescue force and smooth the green passage in front of the hospital.

　　The hospital informatization construction proposed in the Guiding Opinions is also closely related to the convenience of people seeking medical treatment. Zhang Wei, secretary of the Party Committee of west china hospital, analyzed that the Guiding Opinions put forward the effective docking of medical insurance, budget management, drug electronic supervision and other systems, and well designed and implemented medical services, medical quality and safety, internal audit and other systems, so as to minimize the burden of patients seeking medical treatment and the repeated work of medical staff caused by information and communication barriers and cumbersome workflow.

　　How to change the salary of medical staff?

　　— — Do not set revenue targets, and shall not be linked to the business income of the department.

　　Will the salary of medical staff change in the process of establishing modern hospitals? How to change? Presumably this is a problem that many people care about. According to the Guiding Opinions, public hospitals should make independent distribution within the approved total salary, reflecting post differences, taking into account the balance of disciplines, and achieving more work and more rewards.

　　According to the relevant regulations, hospitals can explore the implementation of target annual salary system and agreed salary. The salary of medical personnel shall not be linked to the business income of drugs, sanitary materials, inspection and testing. It is strictly forbidden to set income-generating targets for medical staff.

　　The Guiding Opinions also show that public hospitals should establish a public welfare-oriented assessment and evaluation mechanism, regularly organize public hospital performance assessment and dean’s annual and term target responsibility assessment, and the assessment results are linked to financial subsidies, medical insurance payment, total performance salary and dean’s salary, appointment and dismissal, rewards and punishments, etc. The assessment results will also be linked to the employment of medical staff, promotion of professional titles and personal salary.

　　Wang Hufeng, director of the Medical Reform Research Center of Renmin University of China, analyzed that it is an important aspect to establish a modern hospital management system to grant public hospitals autonomy in salary distribution and management under the framework of laws and regulations. "Only in this way can the enthusiasm of managers and medical staff be fully mobilized, so that medical institutions can provide quality services and efficient services." Wang Hufeng said. (End)

　　Guangming Daily, Beijing, September 17th (Reporter Li Yun and Wang Xiaofei)Recently, National Cultural Heritage Administration held a working meeting on the important progress of the major project "Archaeological China" in Beijing. The four archaeological projects of this workshop are the latest achievements in the excavation and research of early city sites in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which are all in the early development stage after the formation of Chinese civilization. These latest achievements show the historical process of China’s prehistoric civilization and the formation and development of early countries.

　　Excavation site of Xiaoyuliang stone building in Bicun site, Xing County, Shanxi Province Xinhua News Agency issued

　　　Shicheng Site in Houchengzui, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia: Prehistoric Prototype of "Tunnel War"

　　■ Project introduction:The Shicheng site of Houchengzui is located in Qingshuihe County, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with an area of about 1.38 million square meters. Archaeological findings show that this site of Longshan period, which is more than 4,000 years ago, has a triple defense system: the first defense system consists of the outer urn city wall, horse face, abutment and outer ring trench; The second defense system consists of the urn city wall, the abutment and pier arranged on the urn city wall, and the inner ring trench; The third defense system consists of the main city wall, the main city gate and two horse faces arranged on both sides of the main city gate.

　　The most amazing thing is that two underground passages were found under the outer urn. Sun Jinsong, dean of the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, said that the two tunnels have both offensive and defensive functions. The widest part of the passage is 3.4 meters, the deepest part is 6.3 meters, and the top of the passage is 2.4 meters, so that people can travel without hindrance. After deduction, it can be seen that people outside the city can enter the urn through the tunnel at that time, and then shunt into the city wall to reach the interior of the main city. Of course, the reverse is also possible. Are these two tunnels the remains of "tunnel warfare" more than 4,000 years ago?

　　■ Expert comment: Song Jianzhong (researcher of National Cultural Heritage Administration Archaeological Research Center)

　　In recent ten years, archaeology has continuously promoted fine excavation and multidisciplinary cooperation. There are three levels in the area of Shenmu Shigao site in Shaanxi, Shicheng site in Houchengzui, Inner Mongolia and Bicun site in Xingxian, Shanxi. Shigao site has the largest area and the highest level, while Bicun site has the smallest area. Moreover, the three sites are all buildings made of stone and wood, and they are similar in cultural appearance. Therefore, I think Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia should work together, adhere to the problem orientation, study the context of the three sites, and make clear whether there is synchronicity among them. These will certainly promote the study of the large regional form in the north.

　　Pottery unearthed from Bicun site in Xing County, Shanxi Province, Xinhua News Agency issued

　　　Bicun Site in Xing County, Shanxi Province: An Important Guancheng along the Yellow River around 4000 years ago.

　　■ Project introduction:Bicun Site is located in Xingxian County, Luliang City, Shanxi Province, dating from 4000 to 3700 years ago. It is the first confirmed large-scale Shicheng settlement in Longshan period along the Yellow River in Shanxi Province, and it was also an important Guancheng at that time.

　　Xiaoyuliang site is the core area of Bicun site. Archaeologists have discovered a group of stone buildings, the second house in the middle is the central house, and the houses on the other two sides are arranged progressively to the west on this axis. The walls and floors of these houses have been carefully treated, and the walls are smeared with grass and mud. There is a ground stove in the house, and the maximum diameter of the stove reaches 2.6 meters. In addition to the house in the central building, there is a house in the northwest corner, which was a large studio in the early stage and divided into small compartments in the later stage. "It is particularly noteworthy that there are steps in the northwest corner of the room near the north wall. We speculate that this may be a post." Zhang Guanghui, a researcher at Shanxi Institute of Archaeology, introduced. Bicun site is located at the key road between the west and the Central Plains, and the inner and outer city walls have a relatively strict defensive layout. The city gate is backed by the Yellow River and faces the east, and checkpoints are set up everywhere. Therefore, "we speculate that this is an important checkpoint". In addition, the gate of the site is composed of three large piers in the shape of "pin" in the east, south and north, which shows a unique gate shape of Shicheng site in Hetao area.

　　■ Expert comment: Han Jianye (Professor, School of History, Renmin University of China)

　　The gate structure of Bicun Ruins is not only practical in layout, but also very neat in symmetrical structure, with a ceremonial nature. Houchengzui site and Bicun site are similar in age, and both are in the early development stage of Chinese civilization, which may be closely related. The next step should be to explore the relationship between sites in a wider scope in the north, such as what is the relationship between Bicun site and Shimao site? What is the relationship between Bicun Site and Shimao Site and Xia Dynasty? What is the relationship between cattle and sheep unearthed from Bicun site and Eurasian grassland? These relationships still need to be sorted out.

　　Gold Covered Surface Unearthed from M2 of High-grade Noble Tomb in Zhengzhou Shangcheng Site Xinhua News Agency

　　　Erlitou Site in Yanshi, Henan Province: How many more pieces are added to the Wangdu puzzle?

　　■ Project introduction:Erlitou site is located in Yanshi District, Luoyang City, Henan Province, with an existing area of 3 million square meters, which is generally considered as the capital site in the late Xia Dynasty by academic circles.

　　Before, I only knew the "Jiugongge" layout of Erlitou site, but the details were not clear. The latest archaeological excavations show that there are rammed earth walls on both sides of roads in many cities, and the outer sides of many areas outside the palace area and workshop area are also separated and protected by fences. There are different levels of buildings and tombs in different grids, and each grid may be inhabited by different people. Zhao Haitao, an associate researcher at the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that all these indicate that Erlitou Capital probably has a layout of "living in different areas, living outside the area, and integrating residence and burial".

　　The latest excavation also found the remains of pottery making for the first time in the site, and unearthed more than 800 pieces of pottery with red paint on the surface, suggesting that there may be lacquer making workshops around; Nearly 100 square meters of bone and horn processing workshops were found in the southwest corner of Miyagi. The discovery of these new workshops is helpful to study the manufacturing process and technology of handicraft industry.

　　■ Expert comment: Lei Xingshan (Professor, School of History, Capital Normal University)

　　The discovery of Erlitou site "Jiugongge" is a major breakthrough in Xia cultural archaeology. Lifang system was once an important system in the city, but it appeared relatively late. The "Jiugongge" in Erlitou is the "Li" that can be confirmed.

　　In the past archaeological work, turquoise workshops were found. Now, workshops for making bone horns and lacquerware have been found, which has strengthened some characteristics of Erlitou as the capital. It can also be seen from archaeological discoveries that although the ages and crowds are not the same, there are similar cultural features in the ruins far and wide. The similarity and continuity of cultural characteristics and the identity and inheritance of cultural genes are vivid examples of the pluralism and continuity of Chinese civilization.

　　The remains of the bone-making workshop, which was carefully excavated for the first time at Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan Province, were issued by Xinhua News Agency.

　　　Shang Dynasty Cemetery in Shuyuan Street, Shangdu, Zhengzhou: First Discovery of Gold Covering in the Early Shang Dynasty in Central China

　　■ Project introduction:The Shang Dynasty cemetery in Shuyuan Street, Shangdu, Zhengzhou is located in the southeast of the inner city of Zhengzhou Shopping Mall site. It is a high-grade aristocratic cemetery in the early and middle period of Shang Dynasty, where a rare gold overlay was unearthed.

　　Two east-west trenches were found on the north and south sides of the cemetery, and the tombs were mainly distributed between the two trenches. Tomb No.2 is the tomb with the largest number, the richest variety and the highest level of funerary objects found at present. Besides a large number of bronzes, there are also gold coverings with a gold content of 88% and a weight of 40 grams, as well as gold ornaments such as gold bubbles and gold foils, which provide new reference materials for discussing the gold masks appearing in Sanxingdui and the cultural style of gold decorations in southwest China. Huang Fucheng, a researcher at Zhengzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that the phenomenon of dog martyrdom at the bottom of Tomb No.2 was very rare in the early and middle Shang cultures, which provided a new understanding of the source of dog martyrdom culture in later high-level tombs such as Yin Ruins in Anyang.

　　■ Expert comment: Chen Xingcan (researcher, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

　　The age of Shang Dynasty cemetery in Shuyuan Street, Shangdu, Zhengzhou is in a critical period between the early Shang Dynasty and the middle Shang Dynasty, one period earlier than the Yin Ruins and one period later than the lower culture in Erligang, Zhengzhou. In the past, tombs were rarely found in the early and early stages of the Shang culture in Zhengzhou, especially high-grade large tombs, so the discovery of this large tomb is of great significance. Gold wares began to appear in Shang Dynasty, but they were very few. Such a large number of gold ornaments, such as the gold overlay unearthed in M2 tomb, provided us with new research materials to study the relationship between the appearance of gold wares and Eurasia grassland and the West.

　　Schematic diagram of the Shicheng site in Houchengzui entering the city through the tunnel Photo courtesy of National Cultural Heritage Administration