Organizers have served their sentences in China, and participants intend to apply for "asylum"

　　"Demolition", when the red Chinese character appeared in front of China’s embassies in the United States and Canada in July this year, attracted attention from all walks of life. The so-called "Operation Sparrow" based in Washington is considered as the main planner of these events. Who are the members of this organization? What do they want to achieve by expressing their dissatisfaction? The Global Times reporter recently interviewed the organizers and participants of Operation Sparrow and many Chinese in the United States and Canada, and found that there were only a few main organizations and participants. This "anti-demolition" action overseas is a way for them to prove their existence and attract attention. Meng Xuan, an American Chinese critic, told the Global Times that the purpose of some people’s "suing foreign countries" in the United States is not to solve the problem, but to accumulate capital for "applying for political asylum" and create the illusion of persecution in China.

　　The "pro-democracy" background behind "Sparrow Action"

　　In mid-July, graffiti and slogans with the word "demolition" appeared in front of China’s embassies in the United States and Canada. Hong Kong’s South China Morning Post said that Ma Yongtian, a "visitor" from China, Jilin, admitted that she was responsible for the graffiti in front of the China Embassy in the United States. It is said that Ma Yongtian is a member of the so-called "Sparrow Action" organization, and has been protesting in front of the China Embassy in the United States since July. However, when a reporter from Global Times contacted Ma Yongtian, she said that the word "demolition" was not written by her, but she was "very glad that someone expressed their support for this group in this way". Ma Yongtian, from Jilin, said that her company’s 200-square-meter factory was demolished in 2001, but the compensation was below the standard. In protest, her son joined Operation Sparrow in 2010. When the reporter asked Ma Yongtian what her son was doing now. She said that her son works in Los Angeles and has obtained American citizenship. However, she did not say how her son obtained American citizenship.

　　According to overseas media reports, the Washington-based "Sparrow Action" organization admitted that it was the mastermind of the incident, and the main organizer was a Chinese named Yang Jianli. In an email interview with the Global Times reporter, Yang Jianli said that Operation Sparrow started in March 2010 to protest against some demolition incidents during the Shanghai World Expo. After the World Expo, the first phase of the operation was announced in 2011. In July this year, with the domestic attention to the demolition incident, he organized a second round of actions, including this one to the Chinese Embassy in the United States. Yang Jianli said that "Sparrow Action" is "to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens", but he also made no secret that "it is also an important political issue".

　　In fact, Yang Jianli, the organizer of "Sparrow Action", was one of the "pro-democracy" figures who fled from the mainland and was elected as the vice chairman of the "NLD". As these people become more and more marginalized in the United States and Europe, they are eager to "do something" and create some noise in the public opinion field to prove their existence. Meng Xuan, an American Chinese critic from Taiwan Province, has dealt with Yang Jianli many times. He told the Global Times that many "pro-democracy" people in the United States have a hard time, and many of them just live in Chinese-inhabited areas such as Flushing in new york. Yang Jianli is one of the more active people in the "pro-democracy movement" in recent years. He takes the upper line, that is, lobbying in Washington. In order to increase his political capital, he secretly returned to China in 2002 and spent several years in prison in China. According to reports, the judgment of the domestic court at that time stated that he was sentenced because "Yang Jianli and others were assigned by Taiwan Province spy organizations to collect China government documents in the United States". In the United States, there are also other "pro-democracy" people who disdain Yang Jianli, saying that "Yang Jianli is ambitious and good at speculation, and his return to prison is only for the sake of his upper position." Meng Xuan said that it is obvious that some Americans eat this set.

　　Many Chinese disapprove of the "Sparrow Action" organized by Yang Jianli, including some "visitors" who also came to the United States to protest against "forced demolition". Xie Jingyuan, who claimed to be a "visitor" from Beijing, said that he had protested at the United Nations for more than two months, and the Beijing municipal government had offered him a satisfactory amount of compensation-plus monetary compensation for his family’s seven houses. However, Xie Jingyuan still said that he did not want to return to China immediately, because he was not at ease until he got the house. He claimed that the pressure of living in the United States was very small, and the rent and living expenses were all sent from home. Xie Jingyuan also said that when they protested in the United States, people from the "pro-democracy movement" came to support them from time to time. "They tried to pull me into the" pro-democracy movement ",but I didn’t agree, because" the "pro-democracy movement" actually had no influence. "

　　"Resisting demolition" has become a new excuse for applying for political asylum.

　　In fact, in front of the United Nations headquarters in new york and China’s embassies and consulates abroad, you can always see such foreign visitors. In Little Square, opposite the United Nations building, people often gather, distribute leaflets to pedestrians, post posters, and sometimes broadcast through loudspeakers, but few pedestrians stop to watch. A Chinese in new york said that one of the people who "sued the foreign countries" earlier was Hu Yan, a Shanghai resident, calling himself an "Expo refugee", saying that during the Shanghai World Expo, the house was "illegally demolished" by the Shanghai Municipal Government. An insider told the Global Times reporter that this person is completely unreasonable. In fact, the Shanghai Municipal Government has given her generous compensation, but she is not satisfied. The insider said that if the China government really wants to crack down, such people will never leave the country.

　　Many local Chinese said that the purpose of these people "suing foreign countries" was to put pressure on the China government and strive for greater economic benefits for themselves, and also to "apply for political asylum". An official of the United Nations said that the United Nations is an international organization composed of 193 countries in the world, serving its member countries, and it is impossible to accept individual complaints. These people are making trouble here, and there must be another purpose.

　　In the United States, in addition to Operation Sparrow, there are many other organizations that visit the people, such as the China Visiting Committee registered in New York State. There are about 10 members in the United States and branches in Japan, Australia and Canada. Ai Furong, a member of the "China Visiting Committee", told the Global Times reporter that most of the "visiting people" are purely for economic demands, and some people stay in the United States in order to get green cards. He said that people who came to the United States to protest all came to the United States through tourist visas and then sought political asylum. If the application is passed, you can get a work visa, and you will have the opportunity to get a green card and become a permanent citizen of the United States.

　　"Someone came to protest that it was also three days of fishing and two days of drying the net. Some people have already solved their problems in China, but they still don’t return home. They want the whole family to live and work here, because they don’t have to worry about no medical insurance, and the pressure of life is relatively small. " Ai furong said.

　　In fact, there are many such people in the United States, Canada and Europe. In the past, some Chinese could get political asylum as soon as they said what they had practiced and what they had taught. The UNHCR reported that among those who sought political asylum in 2011, Afghanistan was the largest source country, followed by China and Iraq; The United States is the first choice for seeking political asylum. A Chinese in new york told reporters that the US Immigration Service cares so much about these people for a simple purpose: hundreds of thousands of cases of political asylum show that China’s human rights record is poor. But Americans don’t know that these people can do anything to achieve their goals. Therefore, overseas Chinese media often appear front-page advertisements-"green card asylum, no charge for failure, full training, buy two and get one free"; There is even a lawyer holding a sign at Los Angeles Airport: "Asylum seekers come with me".

　　In this regard, the US Immigration Service can’t bear it. At the end of 2012, new york dispatched hundreds of police officers, seized dozens of asylum lawyers’ offices suspected of counterfeiting, and arrested many people. Pritt, the U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York, accused these people of "carefully fabricating lies", and the indictment denounced these people as "novelists" who are good at fabricating nuanced victimization plots. Kuang Zhizhong, a professor who studies Asian Americans and urban affairs at Hunter College in new york, said that many asylum applications received by new york from Chinese were fraudulent. Recently, there have been new excuses for applying for political asylum in the United States, such as "anti-demolition" and "anti-pollution". In fact, China’s embassies in the United States and Canada, as well as consulates in Chinese-inhabited cities such as San Francisco, have always been high-incidence places for street performance art by a few people: in these places, "demonstration kiosks" and large slogans have existed for several years, and the municipal government ordered the removal of the capital "wildfire never quite consumes them". For these, local Chinese have long been accustomed to it and rarely pay attention to it.

　　Many overseas Chinese are very concerned about the social phenomenon in China, and they are also deeply in love and deeply responsible for the corruption and imperfect legal system in China. In the interactive discussion of local Chinese radio and TV stations, a large number of Chinese enthusiastically participated in each discussion, and their views were very diverse, and many criticisms were quite sharp. But even critics don’t agree with this kind of "performance art" Many Chinese believe that "criticism is not a show, and a show is not a criticism." In foreign countries, there are many ways to criticize the China government, and it is not difficult to organize legal demonstrations. This sneaky performance art of the so-called "Sparrow Action" is unnecessary, and it is also easy to remind people of "fake refugees" who "gamble on their identity".

　　Mr. Qing Liu, Deputy Secretary-General of China Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification (USA), told the Global Times reporter that the purpose of "Operation Sparrow" was simply to discredit the China government, and the organizers of the operation had a strong political purpose. After the establishment of the new government in China, it intensified its efforts to punish corruption, and investigated and dealt with a number of lawless elements, including some corrupt elements who used to hold high positions. This shows that the China affair can be completely solved in China, and the intention behind putting these matters on international occasions deserves people’s vigilance. (Reporter Yan Shuang, correspondent in the United Nations, the United States and Canada, Wu Yun, Chen Yiming, Guan Bin)

(Source: People’s Daily Online-Global Times)

Special feature of 1905 film network After ten years of grinding a sword, Marvel Comics’s The Avengers drama will finally end this year. The "Big Three" Iron Man, Captain America and Raytheon are likely to be in the same box for the last time, which also attracted fans’ sadness.

The end of the fans is the battle of the merchants. After the pre-sale was quietly opened in major cinemas, the word "freedom of premiere" became popular, and a movie ticket for IMAX zero-point field "emperor’s seat" was once fried to thousands of yuan. Financial freedom can afford the premiere.

The ticket price of iapm shop in Belle Palace soared to 463.8 yuan.

It is still hard to get a ticket to be the first wave of fans watching movies; When Marvel Pictures announced that its main creation was coming to China, and the fans’ festival activities grabbed tickets for free, it was not only a financial competition.

500 tickets for the red carpet and 8,000 tickets for the stands were robbed separately on April 7, and in less than one minute, all of them were robbed.Fans didn’t grab the tickets, but scalpers with tickets appeared again.

The scalper will be present the next day.
Infield offer 2400

After the ticket grabbing activity ended on April 7, scalpers began to sell tickets for the fan festival in the circle of friends the next day.

On April 8th, scalpers started selling tickets.

The scalper swears in the circle of friends: there must be a ticket for reservation, and the ticket will be given first. At the same time, I took a photo with the words "free tickets" and the admission instructions for the fans’ festival.

Photos taken by scalpers.

Judging from the photo, this is a grabbed ticket. In addition to the words "free tickets", there is also a sign prohibiting the sale and transfer.

In order to put an end to the phenomenon of scalpers on the spot, Disney adopted the triple verification of physical ticket, ID card and QR code for this movie fan ticket. You must combine the ID card and ticket code to enter the event site on the evening of the 18th.

The scalper on April 8 has no offer for the fan festival. On the 10th, when the reporter made an inquiry, the scalper quoted the price of 2,400 pieces of infield and 1,400 pieces of stands. And said real-name registration system was not needed. At the same time, I promise that I can confirm the receipt after attending the event.

April 10 reporter’s inquiry

On the 12th, the scalper posted photos of tickets for the grand ceremony, with the text "Reunification stands are random, and tickets are issued every second".

A golden Mickey sticker appeared on the ticket this time.

"The scalpers in Shanghai are very organized. They all get tickets in the same pool before invoicing. " R, a friend who often participates in Shanghai performances and meeting activities, told reporters.

She revealed that scalpers don’t necessarily have tickets when they start selling tickets. They just make sure to sell them first and then see how much they can get: "Unified pricing, sell them first, and whether they have tickets or not is another matter." She also said that in Shanghai’s performance market, there has always been a tradition that ticketing platforms are handed over to scalpers to issue tickets.

The Zhihu user who has held a concert, "Uncle Bao with Love", explained the distribution of tickets in a performance like this:

10% of the total ticket sales are PR, 50%-60% of the ticket companies issue tickets through formal channels, and the remaining 30%-40% are scalpers. Scalpers often get tickets in the last 1-2 days after the formal channels are basically completed, and they will bear the risk of those tickets that can’t be sold in the end, which is also a means for ticket companies to pass on risks, so ticket companies without scalpers are not profitable companies.

Until April 16th, when the reporter searched for tickets for the festival of fans on the second-hand trading platform, he found that the price had risen to 3,500 yuan. Sellers and reporters said that there were no tickets for the red carpet, and only one ticket for the 106th district was given by the organizer, but there was no guarantee that they would enter the scene.

On April 16th, the reporter made an inquiry on the second-hand trading platform.

Although there are many scalpers selling and transferring tickets, the reporter found that at least two scalpers use the same map and the seat numbers are exactly the same. In Weibo, many fans who are drying tickets have begun to watermark the photos they have received, for fear that scalpers will lurk on the platform and steal pictures to sell tickets.

The so-called organizers give tickets, that is, tickets with Mickey Mouse gold label, whether they can enter directly, the reporter asked a public relations officer of the event. The publicist said with a look of sadness that this kind of ticket "has only a very small part." However, the public relations refused to disclose more about whether you can enter directly with this ticket.

So what’s the scene like? The reporter decided to visit the Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai on April 18th.

8000 yuan red carpet is hard to get a ticket.
Recycling a movie fan ticket is only 300.

At 4 pm on April 18th, three hours before the opening of the event, the reporter came to the Oriental Sports Center. When you get off the bus, it’s all the way. Do you want tickets? Do you have a ticket? " Familiar greetings. The scalper has already been on the side of the sports center near the street, waiting for passers-by and fans.

Admission at 4 pm

The reporter casually inquired about the price with two female scalpers. They said that the tickets in their hands are complimentary tickets posted by Kim Mickey, and there is no need to check their ID cards. The price on the first floor is 2,800 yuan. When the reporter said that he wanted to see the ticket, the scalper repeatedly asked: "Do you want it?"

Compared with the infield, only 500 red carpet tickets are opened to fans, which is obviously more expensive. When the reporter suggested that she wanted to buy a red carpet ticket more, the female scalper said, "No one has it now. Just now, one was sold, and now you can’t get 8,000 yuan."

Getting rid of the entanglement of scalpers and continuing to walk in the direction of the venue, the reporter found that a huge open space had been surrounded by iron fences in advance, and only one entrance was opened for fans with tickets to enter. Many volunteers dressed in purple are holding signs that say please enter from Gate 0.

Outside this only entrance, the snake-like procession of ticket-holding fans has spread to the street, and there are fans waiting for them who haven’t grabbed the tickets by the iron fence. At this entrance, fans have to show their tickets to enter the certification area.

Security personnel should guard against the death of Gate 0.

Volunteers said that there were three links in the day’s entry.

Gate 0 here is the first step; After entering, you should identify it at the first white tent; After the identification is successful, exchange the admission sticker in the second white tent. Only in this way can we enter the venue and wait for the meeting with superheroes.

After entering Gate 0, two inspections are still needed.

In the area lined up for admission, there are almost no traces of scalpers. So the reporter went in another direction. Sure enough, there are scalpers around again. After inquiring about the current price, the reporter lied that he had a movie fan ticket in his hand, but for some reasons, he needs to transfer the ticket now.

After learning about the reporter’s image of ticket transfer, the scalper took the reporter to the grove near the venue, and together with several other scalpers, wanted to see the tickets in the hands of the reporter.

They repeatedly confirmed whether the reporter had tickets with Mickey Gold stickers or ordinary tickets. After learning that it was an ordinary ticket, the scalper said that only 300 yuan could be recycled. Because "we can’t guarantee whether we can get in after we sell it. In the end, we may have posted this 300 yuan."

The scalper who wants to buy movie tickets with 300 yuan at the scene.

Although there are many scalpers on both sides of the site. However, during the period from 4 pm to 5: 30 pm, there were quite few fans who traded with scalpers. When it was close to the official closing time of the iron fence at 6 o’clock, some scalpers said that their movie tickets might not be sold at all.

30 tickets were found to be inconsistent at the scene.
Female fans were cheated to buy scalper tickets in 800 yuan.

Although it is said that fan tickets can’t be sold, tickets on the spot are still in short supply for scalpers. A female movie fan went to the scene accompanied by her mother, but lost her ticket when she was shopping. There are other fans on the side, and it should be that the scalper saw and stole his ticket when he showed it.

However, the activities that night were very strict in checking the tickets for fans. Fans who don’t have tickets are blocked out first. This also includes a small number of fans who grabbed tickets but forgot to bring them to the scene.

Fans who had no tickets and forgot to bring them gathered outside the iron fence.

A movie fan who came from Anhui looked very anxious. He found that he had left his ticket at home after the high-speed train started. The reporter suggested that if he was stopped outside Gate 0, he should first ask the scalper about the price of the movie tickets. However, after asking many scalpers, the movie fan still had no result.

"There are 1000 security guards on the scene today. This activity, the ox can’t move. " A security official told reporters this way. Although any fans with tickets pleaded with him with photos, videos, electronic QR codes and ID cards of their tickets, he refused one by one, saying that this was the request of the activists and could only be implemented in this way. He told reporters that by 6 o’clock, more than 30 people’s tickets had been found to be inconsistent and were sent out.

So can the tickets with the golden Mickey label be unimpeded? At the scene, the reporter did not find the fans who held the ticket. However, a user who bought a Mickey Gold sticker on Weibo revealed that he spent 1,500 yuan to buy a third-floor ticket and successfully entered.

On the day of the event, someone in Weibo found a scalper on the scene.

The user said that Mickey Kim posted the ticket through a special channel and needed an ID card, but he didn’t check his identity. Mickey will be torn off after checking in. After she successfully entered the venue around 5 o’clock, another user revealed that because there were too many people holding Mickey Gold stickers, she was not allowed to enter.

Although the official admission deadline has passed 6: 00 sharp, there are still fans holding tickets at Gate 0. Just compared with the excitement in the afternoon, there are far more security personnel at the scene than fans and scalpers.

At the gate of the small garden facing the left side of Gate 0, the reporter met two girls dressed in yellow. They stood with several security guards. When asked about the situation, the girl said that she bought a scalper ticket at the scene with a deposit of 800 yuan, but when she picked up the ticket, she met the scene and began to arrest the scalper, and the scalper escaped. Up to now, she has been unable to contact the ticket seller who paid the deposit herself.

On-site arrest of scalpers was confirmed by another fan. She was emotional when she didn’t buy a scalper ticket. She told reporters that there were many police fans pretending to buy tickets at the scene to enforce the law on scalpers. At the same time, she vowed that these scalpers got 500 tickets directly from Disney and sold them to fans. But now these 500 tickets have been detained by the police, and Disney officials no longer recognize the validity of these tickets.

Marvel Comics officially claimed that "this event strictly implements the real-name registration system."

When the reporter asked a media person who had a close relationship with Disney for verification, the other party said that Disney could not directly give scalpers tickets. "Large-scale activities may give some complimentary tickets to security, fire protection and other departments. But Disney will never give it to the scalper. "

"Those scalpers, their tickets must have been obtained from other channels." The media person said.

Another reporter who works in Shanghai said: "Even if no official resells tickets, at least there are some people in the venues, especially the old venues such as the Oriental Sports Center … … Just like previous concerts and sports competitions, there are a lot of scalper tickets. "

As for the news that plainclothes arrested scalpers, a reporter who worked in Shanghai for five years said that if the police arrested scalpers, there would be news.

At 7 o’clock, it’s time for the official start of the activity. It’s already dark outside the venue. Superheroes’ badges were printed on the outer wall of the sports center.

Lights on the exterior wall of the venue after dark.

The emotional fan looked at the audience who were still entering the stadium at this time and said to himself, "It’s just this time, and they are all fake fans. We are real fans, but we can’t get in. Do they know what these badges mean? ！”

At this time, the fans who are still waiting to see are left outside the stadium. When the reporter left, there was no scalper coming up again and asked the reporter, "Do you want a ticket?" .

Third, how to implement the "two networks integration"

1. Difficulties and emphases of domestic waste

Identify the difficulties. The layout of domestic waste industrial chain, front-end source classification and back-end processing and utilization (especially low-value recyclables processing and utilization) are two major difficulties. The source classification is not in place, which makes it difficult for back-end processing and utilization; The back-end processing and utilization chain is missing, and the front-end classification is difficult to sustain. To implement the integration of the two networks, we must first study these two difficulties.

Lock the key points. Kitchen waste and recyclable waste, especially low-value recyclable waste, are the focus of reduction. By promoting the "integration of the two networks", the recovery amount of recyclable garbage and the resource utilization amount of kitchen waste will be improved, the garbage removal amount will be reduced to the greatest extent, and the terminal processing pressure will be reduced.

2. Promote the four principles of "two networks integration"

Principle of overall planning and coordination. Strengthen the coordination of various departments, establish a joint promotion mechanism, clarify the responsibilities of all parties in industry supervision, territorial management and subject implementation, and strengthen resource sharing and overall cooperation in network layout planning, facilities and equipment sharing, sorting and recycling service cooperation, incentive mechanism and publicity activities.

Principle of adapting measures to local conditions. According to the actual situation of resource recovery and garbage removal system, each region should choose the integration mode and operation mode suitable for the local area, try it first, and then gradually promote it in an all-round way after gaining mature experience, so it is forbidden to apply it across the board.

Policy support and market drive. Low-value garbage is driven by policy, while high-value garbage is driven by market. It is necessary to establish a policy support and guarantee system for low-value recyclables and kitchen waste, so as to incite market forces and form a long-term operation mechanism for low-value waste.

The principle of policy promotion, market operation and national participation. The government plays a driving and guiding role in industry planning, administrative measures, and policy mechanism guarantee. Enterprises operate industrially according to government planning. Garbage is a social public problem, and the whole people participate in garbage classification.

3, "two networks integration" to achieve three purposes.

Through the integrated operation of resource recovery network and garbage removal network in each link, we can achieve the following goals: First, reduce and recycle domestic garbage, reduce the pressure of domestic garbage terminal treatment, and promote the recycling of resources. Second, by integrating the human resources and facilities of the two major networks of sanitation, cleaning and resource recovery, collecting scavengers, improving resource recovery outlets and processing centers, a perfect and standardized recycling system for renewable resources will be formed. Third, through the integration of the two networks, promote the transformation and upgrading of renewable resources enterprises to environmental services.

4, the government, enterprises and the public rights and responsibilities.

The government is the management subject of domestic waste classification and reduction, and its responsibility is to legislate, plan, promote and supervise; Enterprises are the main operators of domestic waste, undertaking the classification, recovery, removal and treatment of domestic waste, and establishing the whole industry chain of domestic waste; Residents (including various units that produce garbage) are the producers of domestic garbage, and they are the responsible subjects of classified delivery of domestic garbage. Their duties are to classify delivery and supervise the behavior of the government and enterprises according to relevant government requirements.

5, garbage classification management responsibility subject

(1) Improve the three-level management structure. Improve the three-level organization and management structure of city, district and street (community), and pay attention to legislation, planning, overall coordination and establish a policy support system at the municipal level; At the district level, according to the planning and overall planning of the municipal government, we should do a good job in organizing, implementing and promoting, and be responsible for management; Street (township) to implement the main responsibility of management, responsible for the specific implementation of garbage sorting work to communities and households, mobilize the strength of all parties in the region, give full play to the role of neighborhood committees, communities and property enterprises, coordinate and organize the implementation, and promote the effective implementation of garbage sorting.

(2) Determine the responsible subject of garbage classification management. Garbage classification involves thousands of households, and all localities must clarify the main body of responsibility for garbage classification management: urban residential areas, where property management is implemented, streets and property service units are the main body of responsibility for classification management; Institutions, enterprises and institutions, the unit is the subject of classified management responsibility; All kinds of public places, business management units are responsible for classified management.

(3) The responsibility of the subject responsible for garbage classification management. Its responsibilities include: establishing a daily management system for domestic waste classification, and announcing the time, place and way of putting different types of domestic waste; Carry out classified publicity of domestic waste, guide and supervise units and individuals to do a good job in source reduction and classified delivery of garbage, and advise and stop acts that do not meet the requirements of classified delivery until they are mandatory; According to the relevant regulations, combined with the domestic waste output and delivery mode, the domestic waste classified collection containers are reasonably set up and kept clean and beautiful.

6, "two networks integration" operation subject

(1) cultivate the main body of operation. Through bidding or other means, select recycling enterprises with standardized management and honest operation in the renewable resources industry, or introduce enterprises from other industries as local operators to undertake the "integration of two networks", and connect the recycling and resource utilization of recyclable garbage, kitchen waste and harmful waste to build a resource recycling network and a garbage industry-wide chain.

(2) Adopt operation mode according to local conditions. After the actual investigation and summary by the expert group, what kind of operation mode is adopted by the operation subject can be adapted to local conditions according to local conditions and the conditions of the enterprise itself:

◆ Integrated mode of sanitation recovery. This model usually means that the government purchases services, and chooses an operator to undertake garbage sorting, sanitation and transportation, road cleaning, resource recycling and processing, and kitchen waste recycling, so as to provide the government with a package of domestic waste solutions, which is an all-round "two networks integration". Such as Zhuhai Xifu Company and Qidi Sander Company in Pingdu, Shandong Province.

◆ Cross-border transformation mode of renewable resource enterprises. Traditional renewable resource enterprises undertake waste sorting, network layout, recycling and processing of recyclable waste and resource utilization of kitchen waste, so as to realize the cross-border transformation of traditional renewable resource enterprises to environmental services. For example, Guiyang Gaoyuan Company, Guangzhou Supply and Marketing Cooperative, and Beijing Tiantianjie model.

◆ The extension mode of sanitation enterprises to the back end. Environmental sanitation enterprises are involved in garbage sorting, recyclable garbage recovery and resource processing and utilization. Their advantages are to give full play to the resource advantages of environmental sanitation and cleaning manpower and facilities, and improve the synergy efficiency of the two networks. Such as Beijing Jinghuan Group and Hangzhou Environmental Sanitation Group.

◆ Comprehensive government intervention mode. Government departments are fully involved in classification, station yard, network setting, main enterprise selection and layout of back-end processing and utilization, and local financial funds provide strong support. This model takes effect quickly and is suitable for initial pilot. Such as Yuexiu District in Guangzhou, Songjiang District in Shanghai and Suzhou Environmental Sanitation Department.

◆ Distributed processing mode. The front end realizes dry and wet classification, and the middle end uses the garbage compression room and transfer station of the sanitation system to carry out transformation and upgrading, and treats kitchen waste and recyclable garbage nearby and dispersedly, achieving "one field for two purposes" and changing centralized garbage treatment into distributed garbage treatment. Its advantages are short transportation distance, low logistics and site cost, and reduced leakage. Such as the practice of Shenzhen Yingchan Technology.

◆ Single-variety whole industrial chain model. Establish a single variety recycling network and a specialized processing and production base, and build a whole industrial chain of specialized recycling, processing, utilization and terminal product manufacturing. This model is suitable for low-value recyclables such as waste spinning, waste glass, and large pieces of garbage. Such as Guangdong Hengfeng Textile Co., Ltd..

　　　　　　　　Early spring of 1967, the second year of the "Cultural Revolution". The 19-year-old Lu Zhi was only in high school for one year, and the school closed and made a revolution. In that crazy era, everything related to traditional culture was dismissed as the "four olds". Depressed but eager to find out the future fate, Lu Zhiji was introduced by a good friend’s mother and came to the home of a fortune teller who lived in an alley at the intersection of Chongqing Road in Huaihai Middle Road, Shanghai. In the depressed years, Lu Zhiji hoped to see a little bit of the future.

　　　　　　　　"In the dim light, the old man with silver hair calculated the horoscope for me. At that time, I talked for more than half an hour, and I can’t remember the specific content. But there are two sentences that are deeply imprinted in my mind. He said with a strong Ningbo accent,’ Brother, study hard. Just be 30 years old, and you will go abroad to study in the future. " Lu Zhiji recalled the past 40 years ago to The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) reporter, "Traveling abroad was almost impossible for me at that time. At that time, whether the high school courses could be completed became a problem, not to mention going abroad for further study, and my family had no overseas relations at all. "

　　　　　　　　In 1977, the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" ended, and the country resumed the college entrance examination system. In 1978, the enrollment system of the institute was reopened. In this year, Lu Zhiji obtained a master’s degree in Chinese Department of Fudan University with "equivalent academic ability". In 1978, I was just 30 years old, which was an important turning point in my life. Five years later, Lu Zhiji went to the University of Illinois in the United States to study for a doctorate in language.

　　　　　　　　"When I was sitting on a plane to the United States and saw the vast ocean from the window, I remembered the words of the old fortune teller. His prediction more than ten years ago was actually realized, which was incredible. How did he calculate it? From this time on, my curiosity about China’s traditional numerology rose in my heart. "After Lu Zhiji went to the United States, he began to study numerology. In 2008, Lu Zhiji completed and was published by Shanghai People’s Publishing House, which completely reviewed the development history of China’s numerology.

Book Seal of Lu Zhiji’s History of China’s Numerology

What is eight-character numerology?

　　　　　　　　In ancient China, there were two main schools to study personal destiny through birth time: eight-character numerology and "Ziwei Doushu" fortune-telling technique. The origin of the divination is often related to ancient astronomy, or to ancient astrology. In ancient times, whether in China or in the West, astrology and astronomy were often difficult to distinguish. However, eight-character numerology is not astrology, and Lu Zhiji defined it as a calculation system based on the natural ecological model with Yin-Yang and Five Elements as the core formed in ancient China.

　　　　　　　　The ancients used heavenly stems and earthly branches to mark time. Tiangan and Dizhi are referred to as "Ganzhi" for short. According to legend, it was founded by Da Nao’s family in the Yellow Emperor’s era. In Xiao Ji’s "The Five Elements of Righteousness: On the Name of Ganzhi" in the Sui Dynasty, it was recorded that "those who support Ganzhi are established because of the five elements. At the time of Xuanyuan in the past, it was created by Da Nao. " The ancients first used the ten days of "A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui" to mark the day; Use the twelve branches of "Zi, Ugliness, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai" to record the moon. The ancients used the method of matching a heavenly stem and a earthly branch in order to record the date, which is the "dry branch discipline method". Since the least common multiple of the ten-day stem and the twelve-day branch is 60, according to the combination cycle, there are 60 stem-branch combinations from Jiazi to Guihai, which is commonly known as "Sixty-one Jiazi".

　　　　　　　　The year, month, day and hour of a person’s birth can be arranged into eight characters according to the discipline of cadres and branches, and the eight characters are also called "four pillars". The so-called "four pillars" take heavenly stems and earthly branches, the year of a person’s birth, as the first pillar, heavenly stems and earthly branches in the month as the second pillar, heavenly stems and earthly branches in the day as the third pillar and heavenly stems and earthly branches in the hour as the fourth pillar. Therefore, China’s traditional numerology calls the method of calculating a person’s life’s fate "Pai birthdates" or "Pai Si Zhu".

　　　　　　　　The eight characters are arranged at 7: 00 pm on February 18 this year. This specific time period is: B Wei, E Yin, B Ugly, and C Xu. "If at this time, a newborn was born. When he heard his first cry, his birthdates was: B Wei, E Yin, B Ugly, C Xu. These eight words are the marks of the baby’s birth time. Any time in China tradition (called’ time’ in ancient times) can be expressed by such a combination of heaven and earth, and there is no mysterious color here. " Lu Zhiji said.

　　　　　　　　In the field of traditional numerology in China, the "eight characters" in a person’s birth period marked the changing state of the universe at that time, while the ancients believed that everything had natural laws such as "punishment, rushing, merging, transforming" and "five elements interacting with each other". The so-called good or bad fate refers to the interaction between these eight characters, and from this, people’s life can be calculated.

Wuxing shengketu

Where is the basis for the eight-character deduction of fate?

　　　　　　　　"It is necessary to talk about the concepts of Qi, Yin and Yang, and Five Elements, which is a unique way of thinking for ancient people in China to understand the world. In the eyes of the ancients in China,’ Qi’ is a subtle substance, which fills the boundless space. It has two states: being and being. The so-called "gas accumulation leads to formation, and gas dispersion leads to death" means that the concrete objects we can see and touch are the relatively stable condensed state of "gas"; The physical object is destroyed and can’t be seen, that is, its’ tangible’ quality has returned to the’ intangible’ gas. In modern terms,’ Qi’ is a kind of hidden energy and the material source of everything in the world. Although we don’t know its specific structure yet, didn’t the atomic theory of ancient Greek philosophers be confirmed after two thousand years? " Lu Zhiji said.

　　　　　　　　The root of the change of qi in heaven and earth comes from the power of yin and yang. Lu Zhiji said that the original meaning of "yin and yang" is very simple: "Yang" facing the sun and "Yin" facing away from the sun. "In fact, here has implied the relative relationship between the sun and the earth. Without sun movement, there would be no yin and yang. Without the movement of the sun, there is no way to talk about yin and yang. "

Taiji diagram representing yin and yang

　　　　　　　　The interaction of yin and yang produces "five elements"-gold, wood, water, fire and earth. At first, the five elements refer to five indispensable material resources in people’s lives, and later they evolved into the internal attributes and motion states of the five materials. "With the concept of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, the movement of" Qi "is concrete, showing a periodic change movement, which was described by heavenly stems and earthly branches in ancient times. For example: A is a male wood and B is a female wood; C is yang fire, D is yin fire, and so on. The state of Yin and Yang and five elements in each time period can be described by a group of stem and branch structures (eight characters). For example, the New Year’s Eve in this time period: B Wei, E Yin, B Ugly, C Xu, roughly speaking, is composed of two yin trees (B), one yang fire (C) and two yang earth. Therefore,’ fortune telling’ actually begins with calculating the gas field when an individual is born. "

Eight-character numerology forms a vein

　　　　　　　　"The traditional numerology, which calculates one’s destiny by the time of birth, began to take shape in the Three Kingdoms period," Lu Zhiji introduced.

　　　　　　　　At present, Guan Lu, a warlock of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, is the earliest record about the theory of fate that can be seen from ancient books and documents. "The History of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu" recorded his comments on his own destiny: "I have life’s core monuments in Yin, and I will be born at night with an eclipse of the moon. God bless the constant, you can’t violate it, but people don’t know it. Before and after my death, there were more than 100 people, and there was nothing wrong with it … I died in February next year, at the age of 48. "

　　　　　　　　Guan Lu wrote "life’s core monuments is in Yin", which means that he was born in the 15th year of Jian ‘an (209). He calculated his own time limit and predicted the death of more than 100 people, which is basically right. Guan Lu died in 256 at the age of 48.

　　　　　　　　The ancient people’s exploration of numerology was not slow. According to the biography of Dai Yang in the Book of Jin, Dai Yang saw Liu Yin, who was guarding Xunyang at that time, and told him not to see guests on Gengyin Day on December 22nd. He also told Liu Yin to take precautions, but Liu Yin didn’t take it seriously and was really killed by Guo Mo on that day. "We can already see the traces of inferring by using the animal year, the fleeting time and the relationship between the cadres and the branches of the days. Cha Liuyin was killed in the fifth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (220 years), and it was only more than 70 years since Guan Lu decided his life," Lu Zhiji said.

　　　　　　　　Lu Zhiji believes that in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people have reached a consensus on the concept of destiny. "A large number of historical materials have been recorded, such as the’ Change of River and Yin’ in the Northern Dynasties." "Northern History Sun Shaochuan" records that Sun Shaoshan, who lives in a high position, pushes Lu’s life. One day I went to the early dynasty, but the east gate was not open, and the ministers waited in front of the door. Among many officials, Sun Shao pulled Xin Xiong, a doctor in the official department, aside and secretly told him: "All the people here are looking for death, but I and Qing still enjoy wealth" (everyone here will die, and only you and I can survive and enjoy wealth). Not long after, Hu Taihou of the Northern Wei Dynasty killed Emperor Xiaoming and gave birth to his youngest son, Yuan Zhao. Erzhurong, chieftain of Chihu tribe, used this as a reason to advance eastward, and Luoyang Shoujiang surrendered without fighting. Er Zhurong drowned Hu Taihou and his young emperor in Heyin (present-day Henan) and strangled more than 2,000 officials in the palace of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which is called "the change of Heyin" in history.

　　　　　　　　During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were also some numerology works. In Song Lian’s Debate on Lu Ming in the Ming Dynasty, it was pointed out: "Lin Xiaogong has Lu Ming Shu and Tao Hongjing has A Copy of Three Lives". "Tao Hongjing was a man between Qi and Liang in the Southern Dynasties, and Lin Xiaogong was circulated in the History of the North and Sui Shu. Both of them were proficient in Yin and Yang and the Five Elements, but it’s a pity that these two books have long been lost. Due to the lack of literature, although we can be sure that in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were activities of discussing fate in the sense of obedience, it is difficult to investigate what specific methods were used, "Lu Zhiji said.

　　　　　　　　During the Sui Dynasty, an important figure appeared in the history of numerology, that is, Xiao Ji, the founder of the Sui Dynasty, was born in the imperial clan of Qi and Liang Dynasties. After four dynasties and fifteen emperors, Xiao Ji was knowledgeable and knowledgeable, especially in yin and yang arithmetic. Xiao Ji’s main contribution lies in his book "Five Elements of Justice", which brings together the classics from pre-Qin to Sui Dynasty, Wei Shu and the ancient books of various schools of thought about the five elements theory and becomes an important document for future generations to understand and study the ancient five elements theory.

　　　　　　　　It was in the middle Tang Dynasty that numerology really formed a "model" and entered a new stage. Li Xuzhong is regarded as the first master in the field of numerology. In the first year of Li Xuzhong Tang Dezong, he was a scholar, and later an official went to the temple to advise the history. The epitaph written by Han Yu, a literary giant in the Tang Dynasty, for Li Xuzhong records that "(Virtual Middle School) is young and long, likes learning, and learning is all-pervasive. Deepest than the five-line book. Based on the year, month and day of a person’s life ….. pushing people to be premature, expensive and unfavorable, and never losing one or two. " It can be seen that Li Xuzhong is good at numerology deduction, and his name is heavy for a while.

　　　　　　　　"Li Xuzhong’s important contribution is that he created the first theoretical model of numerology. Because of this contribution, later generations regarded him as the originator of traditional numerology. Li Xuzhong’s Book of Destiny defines a basic framework for determining fate, and determines that the starting point for determining fate is based on years, and introduces the concepts of the fifth column’ fetal element’, Nayin Wuxing, Shensha, etc., in addition, it includes’ luck’, which can be divided into Universiade, Small Luck, Starting Luck, and Tai-sui fleeting time. I call this model’ the ancient method model’, which is different from the present one.

　　　　　　　　"At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the new numerology model began to show its outstanding head. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was the time when the ancient law model alternated with the new theory of life model in the later period. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the present law model had been formed and occupied the leading position in numerology, "Lu Zhiji introduced.

　　　　　　　　Eight-character numerology is also commonly known as "Zi Ping Shu" or "Zi Ping Numerology", which is named after another extremely important figure in the history of numerology-Xu Ziping. When and where Xu Ziping came from is still controversial. It is said that Xu Ziping once lived in seclusion in Huashan with Chen Tuan, a famous Taoist figure. "Through the textual research of historical materials, this kind of rumor may not necessarily conform to the facts. At present, it may be judged that he is a person of the Five Dynasties and the Early Song Dynasty. Xu Ziping’s contribution lies in the creation of a new model framework for numerology analysis, which I called’ Modern Law Model’ in China’s History of Numerology, and the basic framework of this model has been applied to today.

　　　　　　　　Li Xuzhong’s ancient law model, including the column of "fetal element", is actually a five-column theory of fate. Xu Ziping canceled this column and began to focus on the daily stem. The point of analysis was moved from the original annual column to the word "the daily stem", and a set of analysis programs was established based on this.

　　　　　　　　Lu Zhiji believes that this change from Nianzhu to Rizhu is also a projection of the realistic situation of historical evolution: "Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the China regime has been almost controlled by the aristocratic family, and the aristocratic family has a superior position in all aspects. The so-called’ top-grade cold family, inferior aristocratic family’ is such a portrayal, and personal background is of decisive significance. In numerology,’ Nianzhu’ stands for family origin. This reality is reflected in early numerology, and it is naturally based on’ Nianzhu’. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the gate valve was gradually destroyed, and the imperial examination system made it possible for civilians to enter the official career. Xu Ziping’s modern law model shifted the core of life to the’ Japanese column’ representing personal situation. "

Is the trajectory of life established?

　　　　　　　　"Eight-character numerology, in the final analysis, is to find and reveal the corresponding relationship between birth time, life potential and life trajectory of the birth person", Lu Zhiji emphasized: "We should pay attention to an important basic understanding: this corresponding relationship is not decisive, but only a probabilistic correlation, which is the result of a lot of observation, experience and statistics. There are many factors that affect a person’s growth and development, both innate and acquired. A person’s life course is closely related to his acquired environment: family, education, social politics and economic system. "

　　　　　　　　Lu Zhiji made an analogy with a moving car: Life seems to be a new car, and its specific performance and structure have been determined when it leaves the factory. For the individual’s "life", there is also "luck". "Yun" is the road the car will travel. The car running on the road is the interaction between fate and luck. In the eyes of the ancients, it is the interaction between fate and luck, showing a colorful trajectory of life ups and downs.

　　　　　　　　"Eight-character numerology is developed into a system to describe this correspondence under the thinking mode of the ancient theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, and there is no mystery. If this correspondence is exaggerated as a decisive relationship, it will lead to a fatalistic view, but it will lead numerology astray. Therefore, it is expected that the prediction of numerology will be accurate, which is either a commercial banner to set up a fortune teller to attract business, or an idiot’s dream. "Lu Zhiji said that the ancients in China were not so superstitious.

　　　　　　　　Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote in "On the Balance of Life and Righteousness": "Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng suffered disasters on the same day, and the people of the four countries will have people who have prospered but have not declined. However, all disasters will bring disaster to the country. The life of the country is better than life, and life expectancy is better than life. " That is to say, the four countries of Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng suffered disasters on the same day. Are all the people of the four countries in bad luck? Obviously impossible, when the national destiny that dominates the big environment comes into play, the rise and fall of personal destiny is completely meaningless.

　　　　　　　　There are many people born at the same time in the same year, the same month and the same day in the world. Are their fates exactly the same? This is the most common question people have about horoscope fortune telling. Lu Zhiji said that Wan Mingying, the author of the Ming Dynasty numerology masterpiece "Three Fates Meeting", answered this question. "There are indeed differences. Wan Mingying collected a large number of life cases born at the same time for comparison. For example, officials born at the same time not only have different official positions, but also have different time and way of death."

　　　　　　　　"So Liang Xiangrun, a modern numerologist, wrote in A Brief History of Life that numerology only has a probability of 60% to 70%." Lu Zhiji said: "The space-time structure of human birth is related to life information, which is a great hypothesis of Chinese ancestors. The rational exploration of numerology in the past two thousand years is essentially an empirical study of this hypothesis. Traditional numerology has existed in folk culture for a long time, and it lacks systematic arrangement. In the process of development, it is inevitable to mix with some mysterious veil of superstition and deception methods of charlatans. Because of this, it is very important to reorganize the spiritual blood of our own ancient culture. "