The windward slope of the Himalayas is the place with the most precipitation in the world. The annual precipitation exceeds 10,000 mm, which is about 10 meters. And to the north of the Himalayas, the whole place is barren and completely desert.

Many people are thinking, if I blow a big hole in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or the Himalayas and put water vapor in it, will the climate of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the whole northwest change fundamentally and become a land of plenty?

Text | Wei Ke Associate Research Fellow lasg

This article was reprinted from WeChat WeChat official account "Yi Xi Club" (ID: yixiclub). The original article was first published on June 7, 2021. The original title was "If we blow a big hole in the Himalayas, will the whole northwest become a land of fish and rice?" | Wei Ke’s 771st Speaker does not represent the viewpoint of a think tank.

Why is the northwest unusually dry?

Hello, I’m Wei Ke, from lasg. The Institute of Atmospheric Physics was formerly the Institute of Meteorology, Academia Sinica during the Republic of China, and its first director was Mr. Zhu Kezhen, so the research on climate in China has a history of more than 90 years since then.

Our institute of atmospheric physics has an observation station in the Gobi desert, which is about 200 kilometers away from Dunhuang city. It is very dry around this observation station, as it was a few days ago.

On May 24th, this observatory in Gobi ushered in the nth sandstorm this year, where n is a relatively large number.

If the wind speed will decrease a little in a few days and wait until summer, then it is likely to be like this.

As you can see, whether it’s spring or summer, no matter how full of green is in our eastern region,This place seems to be deserted forever, very, very dry.

Let me make some comparisons here. For example, as many of us know, Yan ‘an and Yulin are above the Loess Plateau and seem to be relatively dry areas. But in fact, from the annual average precipitation, we can see that the upper left picture shows the precipitation in Yan’ an, with an annual average of more than 500 mm. The average annual precipitation in Beijing is close to 600 mm, so Yan ‘an is not much different from Beijing.

But when we compare it, we know that the annual precipitation in Dunhuang is about 40 mm, which is less than one day’s precipitation in the eastern region. It is normal for a rainstorm in the eastern region to reach 100 mm. Take a look again. Yinchuan is 193mm, Xining is 387mm and Urumqi is 270mm. These places are very dry.

Recently, some people may have seen a news that the Mu Us Desert in northern Shaanxi seems to be disappearing soon. But in fact, the average annual precipitation in places like Maowusu is close to 400 mm, and ecological restoration in those places is possible.The annual precipitation in Dunhuang is less than 50 mm, so it is basically impossible to turn these places into a place of full of green.

If you want to know the climate of China, it is actually very simple. You can basically divide China into two parts by drawing a line from the northeast to the southwest.

Southeast China is a land of plenty, with a large population, active economy and a lot of precipitation. The whole northwest region is relatively dry, and its economic activity is not as good as that of the eastern region. This is a very typical climate dividing line.This climatic dividing line is often called "Hu Huanyong Line", which basically runs along the dividing line with an average annual precipitation of 400 mm..

If we push the dividing line further west, we will find that there is an area where the average annual precipitation does not exceed 200 mm at most, which is in this orange area.

▲ Average annual precipitation

Comparing the precipitation in South China, the average annual precipitation can often reach 1600 mm, which is very large.

It’s just that there is little precipitation. The evaporation in this place is very large.There is basically no cloudy weather all year round, and the sun is direct, which is very suitable for evaporation, so the annual evaporation is very large, basically above 1000 mm.

▲ Annual potential evaporation

In Dunhuang and other places I circled in red, the evaporation is even close to 2000 mm. Then let’s think about the balance of water-the precipitation is 200 mm, but it is possible to evaporate 2000 mm. It is strange that this place is not dry.

Why is this place so dry? In fact, the reason is very simple.Geographically, this place is inland and lacks water vapor. Water vapor comes from the ocean, but it is very far from any ocean.

If we want to find a place on the earth, which is the farthest from the ocean, I guess it must be in the northwest. Whether it is from the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Indian Ocean in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the west or the Arctic Ocean in the north, it is very far away. So even if there is water vapor flow and atmospheric circulation, it can’t come in the middle.

We made such a numerical simulation. If there is only land, but there is no Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, no Pamirs Plateau and no barrier of these landforms, the simulated climate is the same, and there is very little precipitation in Central Asia.

This arrow represents the wind direction, which means the direction of water vapor transportation. We don’t think the water vapor from the Indian Ocean will go directly to the north, but it will turn east when it walks and turn to the eastern part of our country.

Another reason, we call it the foehn effect in meteorology.The distribution of water vapor on the earth satisfies relatively simple physical laws, which we call Clabolon-Clausius equation. The higher the temperature, the closer it is to the ground, the more water vapor can be contained in the air. The lower the temperature and the higher the distance from the ground, the lower the water vapor content in the atmosphere.

If there is a mountain, on the windward side of the mountain, the wind comes with water vapor and then climbs gradually. In the process of climbing, the temperature of the air gradually decreases, and soon it will condense to form rainfall, and then precipitation will form on the windward slope.

Because the water has been lowered in the process of climbing the mountain, it becomes dry air after climbing the mountain. So we can see that,In the windward slope, it is generally very humid, while in the leeward slope, dry and hot valleys often form.

The whole northwest of China is surrounded by mountains.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the south, the Pamirs and Tianshan Mountains in the west, and the mountains in the north. The east is very, very far from the sea, so if there is airflow over the mountains, no matter where you come from, it will definitely dry up there.

If the air flows from the Indian Ocean to the northwest, then you can think about which mountains it will cross-Himalayas, Gangdise Mountains, Tanggula Mountains and Karakorum Mountains. This series of mountains is turned over, and each mountain is like a dehydrator.

The airflow rushed directly to the height of more than 6,000 meters in the sky, and it was continuously dehydrated during the mountain climbing. The remaining water vapor continued to take off when passing through the next mountain range until it reached the northwest, and it became very dry, and no water vapor could fall down.

On the other hand, there is the role of atmospheric circulation.. If our land and sea distribution does not change, one side is Eurasia, the other side is the Pacific Ocean, and the south is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, at this time, a high pressure center will definitely form in the high altitude of this place in the northwest, just like the dark area I gave in the picture.

Where the high pressure area is located, the air sinks, and when it sinks, it will easily make the clouds dissipate, and the sinking will form a warming.So even if there is a little cloud in that place, it will dissipate in the process of sinking and become cloudless weather. Therefore, the northwest region is basically the region with the strongest solar radiation and the richest solar energy resources in our country.

Then these points are combined, far away from the ocean, deep inland and surrounded by mountains-the foehn effect after the formation of mountains makes this place very dry.

Let’s compare. This picture is along the north and south of the Himalayas. We can see that in the south of the Himalayas, it is a green country. The whole Indochina Peninsula, as well as South Asia, is very humid and the precipitation is very high.

▲ North and South Himalayas

The windward slope of the Himalayas is the place with the most precipitation in the world. The annual precipitation exceeds 10,000 mm, which is about 10 meters.And to the north of the Himalayas, the whole place is barren and completely desert.

In addition, if you look at the contrast between the north and the south of Tianshan Mountain, you can see that it is humid on the windward side of Tianshan Mountain, but it is very dry and deserted on the leeward side.

▲ North and South Tianshan Mountains

If we match the terrain and precipitation in the whole country, we can see that,The precipitation in the eastern part of our country comes from the Pacific Ocean. In the process of westward advancement, the water vapor in the Pacific Ocean first forms precipitation in Nanling, Lingnan and the area south of Wuyishan in South China.. The average annual precipitation in these places can reach 1600 mm.

After dehydration of a series of ups and downs in Nanling and Wuyishan,In the Yangtze river basin, the average annual precipitation will drop to 1000 ~ 1200mm.. These mountains in Nanling are not particularly high, only a few hundred meters at the highest, so this dehydration effect can be achieved.

Then when we go west from the first step to the second step of our country, we have to cross Wushan, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Taihang Mountains. After this series of mountain dehydration,In places like Shaanxi and Shanxi, the average annual precipitation drops to 500-700 mm.

Note that even when the precipitation drops to 500 and 700 in this place, we haven’t encountered a particularly decent mountain. For example, Huashan Mountain, the highest mountain in the Five Mountains, is only over 2,000 meters above sea level, which is less than halfway up the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, because the average ground height of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is above 4,500 meters. You can imagine how dry this water vapor will become when it goes west and passes through a series of mountains.

one

How long is the history of drought in northwest China?

Northwest China is not so dry just now. If we look at the history of northwest China, we will know that the dry history of this place is very long. We know that there are coal and oil in many places in Xinjiang, which shows that the ecological conditions in this place were very good before, and there may have been forests and lake bottoms.

In fact, this place is a place called the Deputy Tethys Sea in history. This sea has gradually shrunk and become the present Mediterranean, while the western region has gradually retreated from the coastal area to the inland area.

When that place becomes dry, the wind will scrape out the soil on the ground and then fall down in other places, forming the loess plateau with a very large area in our country. Therefore, by investigating the history of the Loess Plateau, we can know how long the history of drought in northwest China is.According to the current research, the Loess Plateau has a history of about 22 million years, so the drought in the northwest has such a long history.

With the uplift of the Himalayas and the uplift of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the whole northwest has become drier. Some numerical simulations made by scientists confirm this process.

For example, if we assume that there is only land, but there is no Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the whole Pamirs, we will gradually increase the altitude, the scale of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will gradually increase, and the altitude will gradually increase, and the height is only 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the current height. Then we will simulate its climate.

It is found that during the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the precipitation in Central Asia and northwest China depicted by the red circle is gradually decreasing, while the precipitation in the southern region is gradually increasing. That is to say, that place is already in the inland area, which is very dry, and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has reduced the precipitation in that place and made it drier.

2

Blow a big hole in the Himalayas

So many people are thinking,If I blow a big hole in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or the Himalayas and put water vapor in it, will the climate of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the whole northwest change fundamentally and become a land of plenty?

In fact, scientists have thought about this idea. In a speech recorded by Mr. Li Ruihuan in 1995, it was mentioned that some scientists also mentioned this idea, including Mr. Qian Xuesen and Mr. Qian Sanqiang.

The scientific community has had a serious discussion on this topic.Although the Himalayas is a long mountain range, it actually has many mountain passes and many small openings, one of which is the entire Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, which looks like this.

▲ Natural water vapor channel-Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon

The Yarlung Zangbo River flows from west to east, turns through the Grand Canyon, and then flows south and out of the border.

This is a natural incision.Can this cut bring about a better climate in the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau? The answer is no.

Even if there is such a hole, it has not brought about fundamental climate change in the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The only influence is that there are many towering snow-capped mountains on both sides of the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, and the scale and number of snow-capped mountains are more than those in other places.

Many people may say that this cut in the canyon looks a little small, and we want to make a bigger one. Then if you open your mouth a little wider, will it fundamentally change the climate? Scientists have done some numerical simulations about this problem. We simulated a big hole-about 1000 kilometers wide, 1000 kilometers wide, and driving from Beijing is almost to Wuhan; It is about 1000 meters deep.

The result is that after opening such a hole, there will be some increase in precipitation in the southern and central areas of this hole, but the precipitation in the northern part of this hole will decrease.

The reason is very simple. After the opening, the dry air from the north will go south along the opening and meet the air from the south in the opening, thus increasing some precipitation in the southern and central regions, while the precipitation in the northern region will decrease due to the influence of the dry air. This does not seem to bring more water resources to the whole northwest region.

Then someone may have said, can you drive a little deeper? It seems that you have only dug 4000 meters. Can you dig further? OK, our researchers have done some numerical simulations.

If an incision is made, it is 300 kilometers wide, as far as driving from Beijing to Shijiazhuang, and the depth reaches zero meters above sea level, that is, it is as deep as the sea level. From the Bay of Bengal, whether Bangladesh agrees or not, Nepal agrees or not, no matter what, it will push all the way from the seaside there to dig through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The simulation results are basically similar to the previous results, with precipitation increasing in the southern part of the passage and still decreasing in the northern part.The reason is simple: dry air from the north came in. Then this gives us a revelation: we may shake mountains easily, but it is difficult to shake the whole atmospheric circulation, and the whole circulation will not change fundamentally.

The reason why Kaizi can’t change the climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northwest China is that even if such a hole is opened, it can’t change the root cause of drought in northwest China.First, it is far from any ocean; Second, the mountains are all around, and any airflow over the mountains will sink, which will form a warming, and the warming will become very dry.

There is another point. Even if there are no mountains, as long as there is a normal distribution of land and sea in Eurasia and the Pacific Ocean, a high-pressure area will be formed in this place, and the high-pressure area is a sinking airflow.

Last year, we wrote some popular science articles in Voice of Chinese Academy of Sciences, discussing with you why the proposal of Himalayan mountain mouth is not reliable. At this time, many people contacted us and said that you might have opened your mouth in a wrong position. It is said that the water vapor in the northwest of China does not come from the south, does not pass through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but passes through the Pamirs from the west. So you shouldn’t open your mouth in the south, you should open it in the west, and make a big hole in the Pamirs, which may make the northwest moist.

And opening from the west has many advantages over opening from the south, one of which is opening in our country.

Why? There is an Ili Valley area in the northwest of our country, which is basically the area with the best environment in the northwest. We can see from this picture that it is a trumpet-shaped terrain, which opens to the west, allowing water vapor from the west to come in, and then gradually gathers along this trumpet-shaped mouth to form precipitation here.Because the mountains over there are very high, they not only converge, but also rise, forming a very good ecological environment and climate environment in the Ili Valley.

The average annual precipitation here can reach about 400 ~ 500mm, and even 600mm in some places, and there are 50mm and 100mm precipitation around, which is simply a paradise.

The opening they said is at this intersection. Open the middle place. In fact, let’s zoom in and have a look. Central Asia is very far away from the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and so on, so there are already many deserts in West Asia itself. For example, the west side of the five Central Asian countries is the famous red desert and black desert. These arid areas.

The reason why Central Asia can form a little wet place is that the five Central Asian countries near China are windward slopes of Pamirs, and the terrain of this place rises directly from one or two kilometers above sea level to four or five kilometers, with very steep terrain uplift.

In the process of this uplift, even if the air is unusually dry, it can form some precipitation after such a large altitude change and strong dehydration. Therefore, the capitals of the five Central Asian countries are basically located at the bottom of the windward slope, and the environment is not bad.

If we shovel the whole Pamirs, the windward slope here will disappear. As long as the windward slope disappears, the precipitation in this place will disappear, so it is very likely that the rare wet areas of the five Central Asian countries will all disappear and Central Asia will become a desert.

Even if water vapor enters China, we will find that our place is a basin, with Junggar Basin in the north and Tarim Basin in the south. The elevations of both basins are lower than those around. The average elevation of Tarim Basin is 1,100 meters, while the average elevation of Junggar Basin is only over 600 meters.

You removed the windward slope over there, and after the water vapor came over, you still had to cross a low highland, and then it sank. You destroyed other people’s climate and there was still no precipitation in your place.Because it is still affected by the foehn, it will not change the climate here.

In fact, scientists have done some other numerical simulations. For example, in this picture, if there is no terrain, there is no Qinghai-Tibet high, there is no Pamirs, there are no Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains, and there are no mountains. As a result of the simulation, we can see that this white area is an arid area, and this place in northwest Central Asia, including Mongolia, is a very arid area.

▲ Zhang Ran et al., 2016, Quaternary research.

three

Is it getting warm and wet in the northwest?

Since last year, the topic of northwest becoming warm and humid has been brought up again. Some people say that our northwest has become more humid, and this place will soon become like the Tang Dynasty. If we go further, we will catch up with the Zhou Dynasty, and our whole northwest will become a relatively humid place.

We can see that these big media, Xinhua News Agency, Global Times, and especially Global Times, use this headline-"The real event, the cold and arid northwest is getting warmer and wetter". Everyone suddenly had an illusory idea, as if the ecology of northwest China had undergone a fundamental change in recent years. According to this change, that place will get better and better.

Many people think it is a new change, but in fact it is an old topic. In 2002 and 2003, scientists have already discussed this topic. The famous geographer Mr. Shi Yafeng has analyzed some changes that have taken place in the northwest. In some places, precipitation has increased slightly, and the amount of water in lakes has increased in some places. In some places, there will be some seasonal floods and so on.He pointed out the fundamental problem, that is, the climate in northwest China has its own limitations, so it is not appropriate to exaggerate its role.

We also made some analysis on the specific changes.The reason why many people think that the northwest is becoming humid is because they have observed an increase in precipitation in the northwest.. For example, the picture at the top left shows the annual precipitation changes from the 1960s to the present. The dark line curve shows its trend, and we can see that the precipitation has indeed increased in the past so many years.

In the past, the average precipitation was about 100 mm, and it increased to about 120 mm, which is a great increase.

However, we noticed that during this period, the temperature in the northwest increased faster than that in other parts of the world because of the global temperature increase. The picture on the upper right shows that the temperature in the northwest is increasing, and the increasing speed is two to three times faster than that in the eastern part of China.

The increase in temperature has brought about a great change, that is, the potential evaporation is also increasing rapidly.The increase of potential evaporation is greater than that of precipitation. This means that with the increase of precipitation, this place will become even drier.

Let’s look at the change of relative humidity in the picture at the bottom right: from 1980s to 1990s, the relative humidity in that place increased because of the increase of precipitation. However, from the 1990s to the present, because of the increase of temperature and potential evaporation, the relative humidity in that place has gradually decreased and become drier.

This is the drought index we analyzed. Red means getting drier, blue means getting wetter, and the bigger the red dot, the more serious the drought is. We see that among so many observation stations in the northwest, only one station has been slightly wetted, and all other stations have become drier.

Let’s compare the dry and wet changes in other different areas. If this dry and wet index is positive, it means that this place is getting drier and drier. We see that the dry-wet index of Tarim Basin has always maintained a relatively high value, about 1000, which means that the evaporation in this place is more than 1000 mm than the precipitation, and this value is still increasing, and this trend has been going up.

Hetao area is also a dry area, and its value is also positive, and it has been rising and becoming drier. The only place in the source region of the Yellow River seems to have a slight trend of drought relief, but this trend is not particularly obvious.

Let’s compare the changes between drought and humidity in our country. This shaded area indicates that these areas are becoming more arid. From H to SH, it means from humid to semi-humid, from SH to SA means from semi-humid to semi-arid, and from SA to A means from semi-arid to drought.

We see that in the northern part of our country, from the whole northeast to north China, and to the eastern part of the northwest, a large range of local droughts are still developing, and the droughts in these places have become more serious.Therefore, we can’t be optimistic that some areas in the northwest have increased precipitation and improved ecology, so we think that we seem to have entered the next stage, and the northwest seems to be getting wet.

In fact, our country as a whole is experiencing the development of drought, so we should deeply understand what the ecological environment changes in different places are because of. Many places, including northern Shaanxi and Hetao areas, including the Mu Us Desert, have enough precipitation, which is generally close to 400 mm, or more than 400 mm. As long as people don’t destroy it, the ecology in these places will gradually recover. Therefore, our various measures of returning farmland to forests and grasslands will change the ecology of that place.

However, if the precipitation in the northwest is 200 mm, it can’t be restored by returning farmland to forests and grasslands. The precipitation in that place is not enough to support the growth of trees or decent grass. It is a desert.

In other places, the mountains have become wetter, and more trees will be seen on the top of the mountain, or grass will flourish. This is probably because the glaciers on the mountains have melted.The melting of glaciers is due to global warming, which is not a good thing, but a sign of the decline of the whole ecosystem. What you see is that the place turns green, but what is actually hidden is a bigger crisis.

One more thing, the increase of precipitation in some places in northwest China is not like "spring rain moistens like oil", but in the form of heavy rain, two heavy rains suddenly, and then this year’s precipitation ended, so it not only did not alleviate the drought, but brought floods.

Like Dunhuang in July last year, where the annual precipitation was less than 40 mm, two rainstorms closed the Mogao Grottoes for several days, and the impact on this place was not positive.

The whole northwest is so dry, we told you the reasons and the changes in recent years. Some people may feel desperate, and that place seems to have no hope of change.

This is definitely not the case. This place is full of hope.We can change its ecology in various ways.For example, even in such a arid area of Xinjiang, the agricultural irrigation in many places is like the one on the left. The water from the snow-capped mountains is flooded, and a canal brings in the water from one end and comes out from the other, and the land is watered.

However, the way of flood irrigation is very wasteful, and it will be completely sunburned in two days, because the evaporation in that place is very large. There are a lot of water resources from snow-capped mountains in these places, and it would be a great waste if this way is adopted.

We all know that many melons and fruits in the northwest are very good, just because the environment there is enough to produce such an effect. To develop agriculture, if we can improve the whole water-saving irrigation technology, such as the application of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, and strengthen the investment in this part of agriculture, this place will definitely change a lot.

There are still many people who think that there seems to be no vitality in the desert in the northwest. In fact, if the water resources in that place can be used reasonably, it can also glow with certain vitality in this place.

This photo is the scene in the desert that I took around the observatory mentioned at the beginning. We still found many small plants growing in the desert, and that place is not barren.

This little video shows that butterflies are still flying in the very arid Gobi Desert, so this place hides a lot of vitality and has its own ecosystem.Therefore, for such a very fragile area, our protection is the first, and development is the second.

Original title: "If you blow a big hole in the Himalayas, will the northwest become a land of fish and rice?" 》

Read the original text

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 17th Title: March forward rain or shine —— On the occasion of great strategic achievements in the national epidemic prevention and control war.

Xinhua news agency reporter

As mankind enters the year 2020, history has written another thrilling chapter.

China is making every effort to win a well-off society in an all-round way and fight against poverty; The world, which has not changed in a hundred years, has accelerated its evolution. At this time, a sudden novel coronavirus epidemic swept the world.

What does China do? What about the world?

The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core led the 1.4 billion people in China to make a historic choice: unite as one with "life first", confront major epidemics with the strength of the whole country, and overcome the difficulties with "the community of human destiny".

After tenacious struggle and great sacrifice, China has effectively curbed the spread of the virus and made important contributions to the global war "epidemic".

This is the toll station of Wuhan West Expressway (photo taken on January 23, photo of drone). Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiong Qishe

Great plague raid, bold hand, turn the tide in the fall.

"We should put the people’s life safety and physical health first, formulate careful plans, organize all forces to carry out prevention and control, and take practical and effective measures to resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic." -supreme leader

In 2020, I was in Gengzi.

"Seal the city!"

At 10 am on January 23rd, 2020, the last working day before Lunar New Year’s Eve, Wuhan became the center of a battle.

Controlling the flow of people in a city with a population of 10 million is unprecedented in the world. It is also a traditional festival of family reunion, which is even more unusual.

Zhang Jixian, director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (photo taken on March 2). Xinhua News Agency reporter Shen Bohan photo

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally made this strategic decision on January 22, and he stressed: "It takes great political courage to make this decision, but when it is time to make a move, it must be made, otherwise it will be interrupted and chaotic."

On January 20th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, who was in Yunnan for investigation and research, made important instructions on the epidemic situation in COVID-19, saying, "We should put people’s life safety and physical health first, make careful plans, organize all forces to carry out prevention and control, take practical and effective measures, and resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic."

People first! This is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s mission, the ruling creed of Supreme Leader General Secretary Nizi here, and the source of power for the whole country to compete with the epidemic.

"People’s lives are more important than Mount Tai! As long as it is responsible for people’s lives, then what costs and consequences must be borne. " Words from the Supreme Leader General Secretary hit the floor.

Deep winter is the season when the virus is easy to spread. The Spring Festival is the time when Spring Festival travel rush is at full throttle. At this time, an unexpected epidemic raided Wuhan, the thoroughfare of nine provinces.

Time, back to New Year’s Eve.

In Wuhan, Hubei Province, in order to ensure that patients have sufficient oxygen supply, Hubei aid doctor Hu Shijie (first from right) pushes an oxygen bottle and escorts an 81-year-old critically ill patient from COVID-19 for CT examination (photo taken on March 20). Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Yuguo photo

This Spring Festival comes early. On the bank of East Lake in Wuhan, 10,000 lanterns are full of brilliance; In the downtown area, the simmering soup contest is full of fireworks.

However, in this joy and peace, an invisible and intangible "devil" came quietly.

At the end of December 2019, Hubei Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine.

"There is a family of three with the same symptoms. Generally, three people will not get the same disease at the same time, unless it is an infectious disease. " Zhang Jixian, director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine who has experienced SARS treatment, is in a tight heart.

A stream, B stream, syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, chlamydia, mycoplasma … A series of tests were done, and the results made her more alert.

Not the flu!

Subsequently, four more patients came, with the same fever and cough and the same lung manifestations.

"This is a disease we have never seen before." An alert thought came out and Zhang Jixian quickly reported to the hospital.

On December 30th, Wuhan Municipal Health and Wellness Commission issued the Emergency Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Treatment of Unknown Pneumonia to the medical institutions under its jurisdiction. The next day, the Wuhan Municipal Health and Wellness Commission released the Bulletin on the Current Pneumonia Epidemic Situation in Our City on the official website, and began to release epidemic information according to law.

This is the Fangcang Hospital of Wuhan Sports Center (photo taken on February 17th). Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiao Yijiu photo

"Patients with unexplained pneumonia in Wu Hanyou …"

In the early morning of December 31, the National Health and Wellness Committee made arrangements and sent working groups and expert groups to Wuhan to guide the handling of the epidemic and conduct on-site investigations.

On January 2, 2020, China CDC and others received the first batch of 4 case specimens from Hubei Province. Since the 3rd, China has regularly informed WHO, relevant countries and regional organizations and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions of the epidemic situation in a timely and proactive manner.

On January 7th, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting, he put forward clear requirements for the prevention and control of epidemic situation.

With the spread of the epidemic, fever clinics began to get crowded. The CT machine is overloaded, and the diagnosis result given by the doctor is almost the same-the glass-like shadow of the lung.

From early morning till late at night, the medical team lined up in the street.

A domestic Yun -20 large transport plane landed at Wuhan Tianhe Airport (photo taken on February 17). Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Heshe

Soon, the wards are overcrowded, new wards are constantly being opened up, and the protective materials for medical staff are running out. "Requesting support for protective clothing", "Medical masks are in emergency" and "Where are goggles" …

By 24: 00 on January 24, 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country had reported confirmed cases, and the number of confirmed cases exceeded 1,000.

Wuhan is in a hurry! Hubei is in a hurry! China is in a hurry!

The COVID-19 epidemic is a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the widest infection range and the most difficult prevention and control since the founding of New China.

At this time, China, a large developing country with a population of 1.4 billion, is entering the final year of decisive battle to build a well-off society in an all-round way and fight poverty. To prevent and control the epidemic situation, we should not only control many aspects of the actual national conditions, but also prevent hard-won construction achievements from being wasted, and also prevent unpredictable risks such as economic shutdown and social disorder.

"This is a crisis and a big test."

On January 25th, the first day of New Year’s Day, Huairentang, Zhongnanhai. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sat with six other CPC members, The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC).

"I wanted to let everyone have a good year. Now that the epidemic situation is urgent, we have to convene everyone to study and deploy this issue together. " The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said with a dignified expression, "I can’t sleep at night on New Year’s Eve."

Without fear or hesitation, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has shouldered the extremely arduous task of fighting the epidemic.

"Life is more important than Mount Tai. The epidemic is an order, and prevention and control is a responsibility. "

"Put people’s life safety and physical health first, and take epidemic prevention and control as the most important task at present."

"As long as we have firm confidence, help each other in the same boat, scientific prevention and control, and precise policy, we will certainly win the epidemic prevention and control war."

It was at this meeting that the CPC Central Committee made a series of major decisions:

Set up a central leading group to deal with the epidemic situation and work under the leadership of The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC);

Send a steering group to Hubei and other areas with serious epidemics to promote the relevant localities to comprehensively strengthen the front-line work of prevention and control;

Hubei Province carries out centralized isolation treatment for all patients, adopts home medical management for all close contacts, and strictly controls the personnel entering and leaving Wuhan;

Go all out to treat infected patients, concentrate patients, experts, resources and treatment …

The epidemic is like fire, and the military orders are like mountains.

Fujian Province supported the members of Hubei Yichang Medical Team to carry out medical treatment in Yichang Third Hospital (photo taken on February 16). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Yuliu)

The joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council has been put into operation, and all localities have launched the first-level response to major public health emergencies, and all party, government, military and group organs, enterprises and institutions have taken urgent action …

Just after the dinner was served, Wang Wei, deputy director of the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, received a phone call: "Meet at the hospital at 8: 30 tonight and leave for Wuhan."

Almost at the same time—

In Xi ‘an, Hu Shijie, deputy director of neurosurgery at Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, sent a message to his father: "Dad, I was transferred to Wuhan to fight virus."

In Guangzhou, Peng Hong, head nurse of the emergency department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, who participated in the fight against SARS 17 years ago, rushed to the airport.

In Chongqing, Song Caiping, the backbone of nursing in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, embraced her 16-year-old son and left him …

When the country is in danger, the mission is the horn.

At a critical juncture, the initial heart is the direction.

Fight! Fight!

Destination: Wuhan!

Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, a vigorous people’s war, a general war and a blocking war quickly started!

The medical team of the Army Military Medical University began to station in Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan (photo taken on January 26th). Xinhua News Agency reporter Cheng Minshe

Construction of large machinery at the construction site of Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital (photo taken on January 24, photo of drone). Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiao Yijiu photo

Strategize, decisive battle, and lay out the "three major battles"

"With confidence, we will fight this war of resistance and total war and this people’s war. We must build up confidence! It will definitely win! " -supreme leader

"If we come later, they may really be unable to hold on." When they arrived at Hankou Hospital, the members of Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University were stunned.

The ever-increasing number of newly confirmed cases has paralyzed Wuhan’s once proud medical system.

The situation is urgent.

The medical staff went to the ward of Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital (photo taken on February 4). Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiao Yijiu photo

In Jinjiang, Fujian, workers are producing protective clothing (photo taken on February 4). Xinhua News Agency reporter Jiang Kehong photo

Always pay attention to the front-line wars, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader gives clear instructions again and again-

"Early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment";

"Take improving the admission rate and cure rate, reducing the infection rate and death rate as outstanding tasks";

"We should take more effective measures to increase the number of beds in medical institutions as soon as possible, make good use of shelter hospitals, increase isolated beds by requisitioning hotels and training centers, and do our best to treat patients";

……

On the third day of New Year’s Eve, entrusted by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, Li Keqiang, Premier of the CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) and the State Council and leader of the Central Leading Group for novel coronavirus’s response to pneumonia, rushed to Wuhan for investigation.

On the same day, the Central Steering Group, led by Committee member the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and Sun Chunlan, Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China, and composed of responsible comrades of several relevant ministries and commissions, arrived in Wuhan to supervise and supervise the war on the spot.

"If the steering group has any situation or needs, you can call me directly." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader cares about the epidemic situation in Hubei and Wuhan day and night, and has given hundreds of important instructions to the Central Steering Group, which provides a fundamental basis for effectively guiding the prevention and control of the epidemic situation.

14 meetings in The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), 4 meetings in Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, 1 meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Administering the Country according to Law, 1 meeting of the Central Cyber Security and Informatization Committee, 2 meetings of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, 1 meeting of the Central Foreign Affairs Working Committee, 1 symposium for non-party people, 6 visits to local places for investigation and investigation, and 51 calls with foreign leaders and heads of international organizations …

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally commanded and deployed. The general mobilization of the party, government, army and people, and the mobilization of the East, West, North and South.

A batch of live fish shipped to the community of Huasheng Hankou City Square in Qiaokou District, Wuhan is unloading (photo taken on March 13). Xinhua News Agency reporter Cheng Minshe

Shenyang community cadre (second from the right) in Yongqing street, Wuhan city assigns work tasks to colleagues in the community office (photo taken on February 12). Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Heshe

-General Secretary of the Supreme Leader issued an order to Party organizations at all levels and cadres in party member: "Do not forget your initiative mind, remember the mission" and "Let party flag fly high in the front line of the epidemic prevention and control struggle".

-the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Notice on Strengthening the Party’s Leadership and Providing Strong Political Guarantee for Winning the Prevention and Control of Epidemic Situation.

-The Chairman of the Supreme Leader issued an order to the whole army: "Follow orders, bravely shoulder heavy burdens, dare to fight hard and actively support local epidemic prevention and control."

Over 9.6 million square kilometers of land, more than 4.6 million grass-roots party organizations have built solid fortresses. Red party flag, green military uniform and white shirt convey the hope of victory.

There are more than 240 party member in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital. None of them hesitates or flinches, and all of them stick to their urgent and dangerous posts.

Volunteers in Huajin Community, Wuchang District, Wuhan, distributed love vegetables for community residents (photo taken on February 23). Xinhua News Agency reporter Cheng Minshe

"In order to win the battle against viruses, contribute your own strength, no regrets!" 3306 people from Peking Union Medical College Hospital please fight.

"The most difficult job, the hardest job, party member must go first, no discussion!" A big party with more than 90 million party member members is unswerving and a mainstay.

Under the leadership of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the Communist Party of party member enthusiastically donated money to express its support for the prevention and control of the epidemic situation in COVID-19. A total of 79.559 million party member volunteers donated 8.36 billion yuan.

Unified leadership and unified command, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great energy and power are fully demonstrated; All-round deployment and mobilization, and the institutional advantages of socialism to concentrate on doing great things, difficult things and urgent things are fully released.

"Wuhan wins in Hubei, and Hubei wins in the whole country." The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader scientifically laid out the blocking war and concentrated his firepower on "fighting the defending war in Wuhan and Hubei".

The most elite forces rushed to the eye of the storm, and the best resources gathered in the decisive battle place.

At the entrance of Yanjing Hangcheng Community in sanhe city, Hebei Province, residents are taking temperature tests (photo taken on February 23). Xinhua news agency

Wuhan Tianhe Airport stays around the clock to welcome retrograde personnel and materials.

Less than 8 hours after the "city closure", 4041 epidemic prevention key materials such as epidemic prevention drugs, medical devices, masks and gloves arrived on time in 87 batches.

In less than 24 hours, the medical expert group, the medical rescue team and the PLA officers and men were all ready to go.

Military aircraft, passenger planes, cargo planes … all kinds of aircraft make an emergency landing. At the busiest time, every three minutes, a domestic Yun -20 large transport plane roared.

If one side is in trouble, all sides will support it.

346 medical teams and 42,600 medical personnel from all over the country and the army went out in reverse.

Experts in respiratory and infectious diseases, including many academicians, and 10% of the country’s critically ill medical staff gathered in Wuhan.

19 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities provide counterpart support to 16 cities and prefectures in Hubei except Wuhan.

This is the China advantage of "a national chess game" and the speed of China-

On the night of January 23rd, the designer of Xiaotangshan Hospital in Beijing who fought against SARS received a call for help from Wuhan Urban and Rural Construction Bureau. 1 hour later, the revised and perfect drawings will be delivered to Wuhan Urban and Rural Construction Bureau for standby; In less than 24 hours, the design institutes of the two places joined hands to form a complete drawing.

At the inspection point in fancheng district, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, the staff collected a throat swab from a teacher (photo taken on April 18). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Xie Jianfei)

On New Year’s Eve, Vulcan Mountain Hospital broke ground. Three days later, the Thunder God Mountain hospital project was launched.

The two suburbs of the city are like day all night. More than 40,000 builders from all over the country live and eat on beaches and slopes. Hundreds of millions of netizens have become "cloud supervisors."

There is no buffer time, so we can only dig trenches and fight the sniper. Under normal circumstances, it takes at least several months to complete the two infectious disease hospitals, and it only took more than ten days to start the life ferry.

There must be a key move in the critical period!

The epidemic was deadlocked, the CPC Central Committee made a decisive decision, and Hubei and Wuhan changed their positions.

The base is unclear, and the spread can’t stop. The Central Steering Group deployed "all receivables".

Staff showed samples of inactivated novel coronavirus vaccine at China Bio-COVID-19 vaccine production base of Sinopharm Group (photo taken on April 10th). Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Yuwei photo

"A large-space, multi-bed’ shelter hospital’ must be activated." Wang Chen, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and an expert in respiratory and critical care medicine, was worried.

Sixteen gymnasiums, convention and exhibition centers and other emergency shelter hospitals were rebuilt, dozens of hospitals were quickly rebuilt, and more than 500 hotels and schools were urgently requisitioned as isolation points … Wuhan gradually realized "waiting for beds" at the rate of adding 3,000 beds every day!

In late January, the analysis and evaluation of critically ill cases found that ECMO (artificial membrane Lung) can win valuable time for the rescue of critically ill patients.

"At all costs, let patients use the best equipment." The request of the Supreme Leader General Secretary turned into an action that stayed up all night.

On the one hand, urgently issue procurement plans to global manufacturers; On the one hand, from the existing 400 machines in hospitals all over the country.

In less than a month, there were more than 100 centralized machines in Hubei Province, of which about 80 were in Wuhan.

This is a total war. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly emphasized: "Fighting the epidemic prevention and control war is actually a logistics support war."

As of April 19, financial departments at all levels have arranged a total of 145.2 billion yuan for epidemic prevention and control, and the funds for epidemic prevention and control in various places have been effectively guaranteed.

"I have meltblown cloth, who has a mask machine?" "We will build what Hubei needs." During the Spring Festival, more than 3,000 enterprises resumed production and cross-border production.

Once the engine of the "World Factory" was started, the output of masks quickly increased from 8 million to over 100 million per day.

Front-line soldiers should ensure safety, and people in epidemic areas should protect people’s livelihood.

On March 19th, migrant worker Chen Anxin (front) was ready to get on the bus. On the same day, 551 migrant workers from Jingzhou, Hubei Province arrived in Guangzhou on the G4368 special train and returned to work. Xinhua News Agency reporter Cheng Minshe

Under the care of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, vegetables from Shandong, rice from Northeast China and fruits from Hainan are continuously transported to Wuhan. "Wuhan people like to eat live fish, and they should organize more supply if conditions permit." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a special exhortation during his inspection tour in Wuhan, and put care for the people into practice.

This is a Chinese power that is United from top to bottom-

At 2: 45 pm on February 10th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Anhuali Community in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Wearing a mask, rolling up his sleeves and taking his temperature, in the community neighborhood Committee, he personally called on the whole people to fight the "epidemic."

"The epidemic prevention and control work in COVID-19 is a people’s war. We must trust the masses, mobilize the masses, and give full play to the’ blocking role’ of the community in the epidemic prevention and control work." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said.

In Wuhan, more than 3,300 communities and villages are under closed management, and 12,000 grid workers are responsible for epidemic statistics, purchasing and handling.

In Hubei, the province has conducted a total of more than 13.15 million investigations and verifications, tracked more than 274,000 close contacts, and transferred more than 82,000 "four types of people" such as confirmed patients, suspected patients, fever patients and close contacts.

Throughout the country, more than 4 million urban and rural community workers have been guarding against death, constantly weaving 650,000 urban and rural community prevention and control networks, and hundreds of millions of people have actively cooperated to connect the indestructible Great Wall of war and epidemic.

On March 16th, senior three students of Guiyang No.6 Middle School were in the class after the resumption of classes. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ou Dongyu photo

The greatest strength is concerted efforts, and the strongest defense line is the "people’s war."

From the banks of the Yangtze River to Baishan Blackwater, from the Central Plains to the coast of the East China Sea, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, mass prevention and mass control have created unity.

"China’s mobilization is unprecedented in the history of global public health." Robert kuhn, an American expert on China, said. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus lamented: "I have never seen such mobilization in my life."

On April 26th, COVID-19’s hospitalized patients were cleared. From 0: 00 on April 30, the emergency response to public health emergencies in Beijing was adjusted from level 1 to level 2; From 0: 00 on May 2, Hubei Province adjusted the first-level response to public health emergencies to the second level.

Decisive results have been achieved in the defense wars in Wuhan and Hubei, and major strategic achievements have been made in the prevention and control of epidemic situation throughout the country.

In the workshop of Guangzhou Skyworth Flat Display Technology Co., Ltd. located in Guangzhou Development Zone, workers are working on the assembly line (photo taken on February 10). Xinhua News Agency reporter Deng Hua photo

According to the time and the situation, we will make precise policies and make overall plans to promote epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development.

"After the COVID-19 epidemic, how to integrate forces and fight the epidemic in a short period of time is a great challenge; After the epidemic situation slows down, how to coordinate the prevention and control of the epidemic and resume work is also a great challenge. " -supreme leader

"China has taken effective measures to avoid the infection of hundreds of thousands of people."

On the evening of February 24th, after a 9-day visit to China, Bruce Aylward, the foreign leader of the China-WHO joint expert inspection team in COVID-19 and senior adviser to the Director-General of WHO, commented on this.

Earlier in the day, the two sessions of the National People’s Congress scheduled for March 3 and March 5 were postponed. This rare move reflects the extraordinary challenges in an extraordinary period.

In Wuhan and Hubei, there are still nearly 10,000 critically ill patients. "Life first" is the solemn commitment of the party and the government, and it is also a great test of the rescue work.

In Mahui Village, Datong Town, Wu ‘an City, Hebei Province, farmers are busy driving agricultural machinery in the fields (photo taken on March 20, photo of drones). Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Xiaoshe

"Intensive and critical cases should be treated with all efforts", "patients, especially families with loved ones, should be given priority care", and the entrustment of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, medical staff and community workers should never forget.

The case base is large, there is no specific medicine, and the condition changes rapidly … The Supreme Leader’s General Secretary regards the rescue work as the key to turn the war around, and has made many field visits, investigations and guidance.

The general secretary walked into beijing ditan hospital to learn about the hospitalization of COVID-19 infected people; Video connection to the critically ill patients admitted to the hospital in Wuhan, expressing condolences and requests to the medical staff; I made a special trip to Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital to cheer for the patients and encourage the medical staff.

In the end, more "hard core" means are needed to overcome the disease.

At the beginning of the "epidemic" war, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward requirements for "strengthening the combination of research and development of drugs and medical equipment with clinical treatment". In view of the situation that the epidemic situation is easy to be repeated and unpredictable, the general secretary further pointed out that it is necessary to promote the organic connection between vaccine research and development and industrialization chain, and make comprehensive preparations for possible normalization prevention and control work.

On April 8, the first departure flight of Wuhan Tianhe International Airport took off. From 0: 00 on April 8, Wuhan officially lifted the control measures for the passage from Han to Hubei and resumed external traffic in an orderly manner. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Shao Ziyang)

At the zhukovsky airport near Moscow, Russia, the staff loaded the medical aid materials provided by the Russian government on the transport plane (photo taken on February 8). Xinhua News Agency/Satellite Agency

Determine the pathogen within 8 days; The optimization of the detection kit was completed within 16 days, and the nucleic acid detection ability was improved from 300 to 20,000 per day; The national version of the diagnosis and treatment plan "iteration" seventh edition; Five kinds of Covid-19 vaccines were approved for clinical trials … The researchers set up special classes, and fought against the wall chart, racing against time and never sleeping.

From screening more than 10,000 kinds of drugs to determining an effective diagnosis and treatment plan, from summarizing the "three drugs and three parties" to adopting treatment methods such as convalescent plasma, the Party Central Committee pays attention to and supports every scientific research deployment; Every major breakthrough, the general secretary asked in detail.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a special trip to the Military Medical Research Institute and Tsinghua University Medical College to inspect the scientific research work of prevention and control in COVID-19. He stressed: "At present, it still needs hard work to win the epidemic prevention and control people’s war, overall war and blocking war. The more we face this situation, the more we must insist on asking for answers and methods from science. "

On March 21st, in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, Serbian President Vucic (left) greeted the members of China’s medical expert group to help Serbia fight the epidemic. A group of six medical experts from China arrived in Belgrade by special plane on the evening of 21st. Xinhua News Agency reporter Shi Zhongyu photo

Science is the fundamental solution to the "epidemic" in the national war; Overall planning is the winning way of crisis management.

When the mobile China presses the "pause button", a series of practical problems and potential influences come on:

In order to reduce the flow of people and stop the spread of the virus, it is a reasonable and necessary decision to extend the Spring Festival holiday. However, every day after the holiday, the national GDP will lose 150 billion yuan.

The longer the epidemic is stopped, the more difficult it is for the economy and society to restart and recover …

The epidemic should be controlled to death and the economy should be revitalized. At both ends of the scale, the weight is like a mountain.

On February 3, when the epidemic prevention and control was the most strenuous, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting, stressing: "Areas with particularly serious epidemic situations should concentrate on the epidemic prevention and control work, while other areas should do a good job in the prevention and control work, and make overall plans to do a good job in all aspects of reform, development and stability, especially the key tasks involved in building a well-off society in an all-round way and tackling poverty in a decisive battle."

In 2020, it is the final year of decisive battle to get rid of poverty. There is no way out to fulfill the promise of the party and the government to the people!

At the entry hall of Shenzhen Bay Port, customs staff checked the health declaration cards of inbound passengers (photo taken on April 3). Xinhua News Agency reporter Liang Xushe

On February 23rd, a special teleconference was held in the East Hall of the Great Hall of the People.

Facing the 170,000 cadres at or above the county level, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said frankly: "After the COVID-19 epidemic, it is a great challenge to integrate forces and fight against the epidemic in a short period of time; After the epidemic situation slows down, how to coordinate the prevention and control of the epidemic and resume work is also a great challenge. "

Epidemic prevention and control is related to life, and returning to work and production is related to livelihood.

On April 17th, in front of the Chinese Embassy in Vienna, Austria, China student Lu Hui showed the epidemic prevention items in the "health package" distributed by the embassy. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Chenshe

From the implementation of accurate resumption of work and production at different levels to the introduction of phased and targeted tax reduction and fee reduction policies, from ensuring that "employees can get back, raw materials can be supplied, and products can be exported" to ensuring that agricultural production does not miss the farming season, from keeping the "rice bag" and "vegetable basket" to unblocking the foreign trade industrial chain and supply chain … Many township cadres said that even doing a good job in this year’s spring ploughing production, the Supreme Leader General Secretary is concerned and has made important decisions.

The spring breeze is warm and the earth is green.

In the satellite remote sensing picture, China in spring is lighting up-

Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, which account for more than 40% of China’s total economic output, are three major urban agglomerations. Hundreds of thousands of shops resume business every day and thousands of manufacturing enterprises return to work under the lights of Canruo Xinghe.

In the satellite positioning and navigation system, China in spring is running-

From the coastal areas to the inland areas, the movement lines formed by the running tracks of freight vehicles are multiplying. One flow curve contains infinite vitality for people to move smoothly and goods to flow smoothly.

　This is Liu Zhiming, president of Wuchang Hospital in Wuhan (photo). Xinhua news agency

At 13: 24 on March 19, the G4368 train slowly left Jingzhou Station. A trip to the "train for spring" was full of caring feelings of "holding hands and pulling hands", and 40,000 Hubei migrant workers were arranged to return to work in Guangdong.

Employment has introduced "caring" clauses, approval has achieved "remote connection", more accurate and effective regulatory policies have given the market "reassurance", tax relief has injected "cardiotonic agent" into enterprises … Central departments have intensively introduced new measures, injecting more "warm colors" into China’s economy.

Resume classes in batches, customize the return train, unify the "health code" and travel with confidence, and make time-sharing appointments for recovery tourism … All parts of the country actively respond to new changes and let China society return to "normal state" as soon as possible.

Factory workshop, busy production; In the countryside and fields, spring ploughing is busy.

On March 3rd, the People’s Government of Guizhou Province announced that Zheng ‘an, a county with deep poverty, had taken off its hat. This marks Zunyi’s overall poverty alleviation, and 8.12 million people in the old areas bid farewell to the history of poverty.

Three days later, the largest poverty alleviation meeting since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in the form of video conference. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader issued an order:

"Resolutely overcome the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, resolutely win a comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty, and resolutely complete this great cause that is of great significance to the Chinese nation and mankind."

The spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River moistens things silently. In Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to the front-line workers who resumed work and production, telling everyone to "ensure both production tasks and good health".

In the East Campus of Wuhan University People’s Hospital, Li Lanjuan (middle) took a group photo with the discharged patients (photo taken on March 16th). Xinhua News Agency reporter Cai Yang photo

Facing the expectation of the person in charge of small and medium-sized enterprises, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "We have introduced a set of policy combination boxing, which will be adjusted in time and more targeted measures will be introduced as the situation changes."

On April 22, in the evening, the lights were on. Xi ‘an Datang City Pedestrian Street, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader who is visiting Xi ‘an, came here to learn about the recovery of the "night economy" on the spot.

The general secretary stressed that under the premise of scientific prevention and control of the epidemic, all kinds of shopping malls and markets should be promoted in an orderly manner and efforts should be made to restore normal life order.

On the eve of the two sessions of the National People’s Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader opened the sixth local inspection tour since the COVID-19 epidemic, encouraging Shanxi to strive to overcome the adverse impact of the epidemic and make greater strides in high-quality transformation and development.

It is a kind of ability and a kind of determination to put it back and forth freely and advance and retreat.

Zhang Boli answered a reporter’s question at the press conference held in Wuhan, Hubei Province (photo taken on March 23rd). Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Yuhua photo

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed: "We must strengthen our confidence and not be intimidated by problems and difficulties." "China is a big country with strong resilience, great potential and great room for manoeuvre."

Some foreign netizens feel that in the face of an unprecedented epidemic, with a population of 1.4 billion, water, electricity, heating, communication, supplies and social order, China has done it!

"Danger and opportunity always coexist, and overcoming danger is opportunity." Facing the market turmoil caused by the development of overseas epidemic and the serious impact on international economic and trade activities, the Supreme Leader General Secretary firmly declared China’s determination to maintain the openness, stability and security of the global industrial chain supply chain, and actively encouraged domestic enterprises to seize the opportunity of scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading.

Strong and orderly because of the time and the situation. Thousands of troops, if the command is determined.

The resumption of major investment projects has been accelerated, and the scale of migrant workers has been restored to about 90% of previous years. The "cloud service" and "cloud economy" have blossomed brilliantly … China’s economy and society have accurately recognized changes, responded scientifically, and actively sought changes, and difficulties have been quickly overcome, giving birth to new hopes in the vast land.

At 0: 00 on April 8, after 76 days of "closing the city", the heroic Wuhan was officially restarted.

On this landmark day, Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee held a meeting, and the Supreme Leader General Secretary emphasized that it is necessary to accelerate the comprehensive recovery of production and living order in the prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation, solve the difficulties and problems faced by the resumption of work and production, strive to minimize the losses caused by the epidemic situation, and ensure the realization of the goals and tasks of building a well-off society in an all-round way and fighting poverty.

On April 17th, China released the economic data for the first quarter of 2020. Affected by the epidemic, the GDP in the first quarter decreased by 6.8% year-on-year. Since March, the main economic indicators have improved month by month, and the industrial added value and export growth rate turned from negative to positive in April. The epidemic has given birth to the rapid growth of new industries and formats, and China’s economy has shown great resilience.

On the same day, the Supreme Leader General Secretary presided over the Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party. The meeting pointed out that the current economic development is facing unprecedented challenges, and it is necessary to fully estimate the difficulties, risks and uncertainties, earnestly enhance the sense of urgency, and grasp the work of economic and social development.

On April 29, the news that the two national conferences will be held came. The convening of this world-renowned grand meeting under the special background of normalization of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19 fully shows that the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core is steadily steering the great ship China to break the waves.

In Hankou Pharmacy, Huangshi Road, Jiang ‘an District, Wuhan City, Feng Feng, a grid member of Huimin Garden Community, hangs the medicine purchased for residents (photo taken on February 24). Xinhua news agency

Work together to fight the epidemic, share the same fate, and show China’s responsibility

"Human beings are a community of destiny. Unity and cooperation are the most powerful weapons to overcome epidemics that affect the safety of people in all countries. " -supreme leader

"Our war against the epidemic has ushered in the dawn of victory, but the situation overseas is deteriorating sharply." On the evening of March 12th, Wang Guo, a university teacher in Wuhan, kept a diary, adding another layer of worries-how are the students and friends from Thailand and Singapore who donated masks to the school?

With this in mind, he wrote with deep feelings: "Before the epidemic, there is no difference between’ us’ and’ them’, and people in every country are’ us’."

The whole world is as cool and hot as this. On the night when Wang Guo read and wrote these words, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader made an overseas call with UN Secretary-General Guterres:

"The occurrence of the COVID-19 epidemic once again shows that human beings are a community of shared destiny." "The international community must establish a sense of community of human destiny, look after each other and help each other, work together to meet risk challenges and build a beautiful home on earth."

The fortunes of mankind depend on each other. As early as the beginning of the outbreak, China put itself into the world frame of reference and shouldered the responsibility of a big country.

On January 12th, the World Health Organization announced that it had received the virus gene sequence information shared by China, which was published in the global influenza sharing database and shared by all countries.

"The epidemic is the devil, and we can’t let the devil hide." The words of the Supreme Leader’s Chairman are sonorous, conveying a frank attitude towards China and showing the fearless responsibility of China.

WHO Director-General Tan Desai said that China identified pathogens in a record short time and took the initiative to share the virus gene sequence with the international community in time.

China’s fight against the epidemic is also a fight for the world.

The Chairman of the Supreme Leader repeatedly said: "China upholds the concept of a community of human destiny, and is responsible for the safety and health of its own people, as well as the global public health cause."

After the outbreak, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader met with foreign leaders and heads of international organizations for four times, and made 51 calls. He sent messages of condolences to leaders of more than 10 countries and heads of regional organizations such as the European Union, and also exchanged letters with the Argentine President, replying to Bill Gates and Utah primary school students in the United States, introducing the key measures taken by the people of China to prevent and control the epidemic, thanking the international community for its support and help to China, expressing China’s positive will to provide assistance to all countries within its capacity, and joining hands with the international community.

Those who love others will always love them. At the most critical moment of the war in China, the international community expressed its warmth and goodwill and stood with the people of China.

More than 70 countries and international organizations have provided materials and other assistance to the people of China in their fight against the epidemic. Leaders of more than 170 countries, heads of more than 50 international and regional organizations and more than 300 foreign political parties and organizations expressed their condolences and support to China.

"A friend in need is a friend indeed!" Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen, Mongolian President Battulga and Pakistani President Alwi visited China successively. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader thanked them for their sincere and firm support.

The people of China will always remember that Russia, Belarus and other countries sent special planes to deliver urgently needed medical supplies to Wuhan at the first time; British and German chartered planes flying to Wuhan were loaded with medical supplies. Equatorial Guinea, an underdeveloped country that has been receiving aid for a long time, donated $2 million to China; Mongolia donated 30,000 sheep to China; Pakistan sent almost all its masks …

The people of China will never forget that the Chinese national anthem sounded in the Japanese Songshan Ballet, and millions of Sri Lankan people chanted prayers for the people of China. The beautiful poem "Mountains and rivers are exotic, and the moon is the same" crossed the ocean with love donations …

As Ban Ki-moon, former Secretary-General of the United Nations and chairman of Boao Forum for Asia, said, history bears in mind not only Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s institutional advantages, but also the joint responsibility of all countries in coping with the crisis.

COVID-19 epidemic is the common enemy of mankind. It took 67 days from reporting the first case to reporting the first 100,000 cases; It takes 11 days to report the second 100,000 cases; It took only four days to report the third 100,000 cases … Up to now, there have been more than 4.4 million confirmed cases worldwide!

China feels the same way when countries are hit hard by the epidemic.

Letters of condolence from the Chairman of the Supreme Leader were sent to the heads of state and government of Italy, Iran, South Korea, Spain, Serbia, Germany, France and other countries, as well as the heads of the European Council and the European Commission.

The valuable experience gained by the people of China in fighting the epidemic has been transmitted to five continents without reservation through a series of press conferences of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council, press conferences of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and video communication meetings of medical experts.

At 21: 00 local time on March 21st, Belgrade International Airport, Serbia. China’s anti-epidemic medical expert group assisting Serbia arrived by special plane, and at the same time, it brought the anti-epidemic materials urgently raised by the China government.

Standing by the gangway, Serbian President Vucic warmly welcomed the experts from China in a special way of touching elbows one by one, and gave a deep kiss on the five-star red flag to express his deep gratitude.

Russian President Vladimir Putin said on the phone with the Chairman of the Supreme Leader that China has set a good example for the international community by extending a helping hand to countries affected by the epidemic in time.

-Share epidemic prevention and treatment plans with 180 countries and more than 10 international and regional organizations around the world, and hold video exchange meetings on epidemic prevention and control with more than 160 countries and international organizations;

-More than 20 medical expert groups have been sent to provide much-needed anti-epidemic material assistance to more than 150 countries and international organizations;

-Donate US$ 50 million to WHO and make every effort to facilitate other countries to purchase medical protection materials in China.

Do your best and give generously.

A sanitation worker works in the snow at Hankou Railway Station in Wuhan (photo taken on February 15). Xinhua News Agency reporter Cai Yang photo

Hassan Ahmadian, assistant professor of Middle East and North Africa Institute of Teheran University, said that China’s aid not only embodies the humanitarian spirit, but also is a responsible act of a big country.

The epidemic is both a big war and a big test. This is true for China and the world as well.

Volunteers Li Wenjian, Zhu Wei, Wang Ziyi, Wang Zhen and Yang Xuebin (from left to right) cheered for Wuhan (photo taken on February 29th). This volunteer team is responsible for transporting pregnant women who lack transportation to the hospital and become "ferrymen" of new life. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiao Yijiu photo

The Chairman of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "The epidemic has spread in a wide range, at a high speed, and has had a great impact for a hundred years."

In view of the new situation and new problems of the increase of confirmed cases imported from abroad and the increase of asymptomatic infected persons, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, on the one hand, deployed to strengthen the care for overseas China citizens, on the other hand, timely switched the focus of epidemic prevention and control work to "import from outside and rebound from inside".

From strict customs quarantine enforcement to precise flight risk prevention and control, from implementing closed-loop management of entry personnel to intensifying screening of asymptomatic infected persons, from taking back China citizens from countries with severe epidemic to deploying "health packages" to countries with concentrated overseas students in China … A series of measures have effectively consolidated the hard-won achievements of the war "epidemic" and continued to defend the eastern defense line for the world war "epidemic".

In the face of a rare epidemic in a hundred years, where should mankind go? What kind of mission do countries shoulder?

On the evening of March 26th, the East Hall of the Great Hall of the People.

Images of leaders of various countries and heads of international organizations were uploaded on the huge TV wall. The leaders of the G20 held a special summit on COVID-19 by video conference for the first time in Riyadh, Moscow, Washington, Berlin and Brasilia.

"Resolutely fight a global war to prevent and control the COVID-19 epidemic", "effectively carry out international joint prevention and control", "actively support international organizations to play their role" and "strengthen international macroeconomic policy coordination"-Based on the practice in China, Chairman Supreme Leader put forward a four-point China initiative on comprehensively strengthening international cooperation and rallying strong joint efforts to overcome the epidemic.

"The public health crisis is a common challenge faced by mankind, and unity and cooperation are the most powerful weapons" … China’s voice won wider recognition and resonance in the face of the big exam of all mankind.

This is Zhang Dingyu, president of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (photo taken on January 29th). Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiao Yijiu photo

For the people, relying on the people, the Chinese nation has written an indelible heroic epic with great power.

"The Chinese nation has experienced many hardships in its history, but it has never been crushed. Instead, it has become more and more frustrated, constantly growing in hardships and rising from hardships." -supreme leader

"When the sea flows, you will show your true colors as a hero." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader quoted this sentence more than once when inspecting the epidemic prevention and control work in COVID-19.

"You really saved lives and loved the world." On March 10th, in the command center of Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader connected with the representatives of medical staff working in the ward by video. "You are messengers of light, messengers of hope, the most beautiful angels and real heroes! The party and the people thank you! "

In the tongji hospital Sino-French New Town Campus affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, medical staff escorted a critically ill patient from COVID-19 who had just finished CT examination to get on the negative pressure ambulance (photo taken on March 6, drone photo). Xinhua News Agency reporter Cai Yang photo

The war "epidemic" was extremely tragic, and they defended their lives with their lives:

Liu Zhiming, the president of Wuchang Hospital, stayed in the intensive care unit until he was admitted to the intensive care unit. What he never forgot was how much patients received and whether the prevention and control of infection reached the standard. In order not to infect others, he told his colleagues "Don’t intubate me" …

Yin and Yang are separated forever, and the wife who is also treating the patient hears the news and can only chase the car of the funeral home and cry the name of her beloved over and over again …

Immediately after the outbreak, Wu Yaling, a member of the Hubei medical team who participated in Wenchuan earthquake relief and aided Africa in fighting Ebola virus, did not hesitate to submit an invitation letter and went to Vulcan Mountain Hospital.

Mother died suddenly. When the bad news came, she just wept silently, bowed deeply in the direction of home, and then returned to the patient.

There are too many tears to dry; There are too many brave, engraved on the hidden face.

84-year-old Zhong Nanshan crowded into the high-speed dining car and rushed to Wuhan.

This is an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency reporter by Zhong Nanshan in Guangzhou (photo taken on January 28th). Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Dawei photo

The 73-year-old Li Lanjuan only sleeps for 3 hours every day. "I will not retreat if the epidemic does not retreat."

The 72-year-old Zhang Boli went to work on the third day after cholecystectomy. He only said: "My liver and gallbladder are in harmony, and I left my gallbladder here."

"I am deeply moved by the noble spirit of the vast number of medical staff who are selfless and forget their lives." The words of the Supreme Leader General Secretary are from the heart.

On April 4th, people observed a moment of silence in the mourning activities at the Yiyuan Square in Jiangtan, Hankou, Wuhan. On the same day, a mourning event was held in Wuhan to express deep condolences to the martyrs and deceased compatriots who died in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiao Yijiu photo

Those handprints pressed on the invitation letter on New Year’s Eve, the scars branded on the cheeks by masks, the sweat-soaked backs under protective clothing, and the secretly written and quietly hidden suicide notes … all remain in the memory of the motherland and the people.

"You are all wearing protective clothing and masks. I can’t see your true faces. However, you are all the cutest people in my mind! " The words of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary inspired the soldiers in white.

Courage and sacrifice are hard to count in this war; Ordinary and great, incisively and vividly in this big exam.

On March 10th, the Party and Mass Service Center of Donghu New Town Community in Wuhan pulled up a folding chair, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sat down and had a face-to-face cordial conversation with community workers, grassroots police, doctors in health service stations, sinking cadres and volunteers.

The general secretary said: "Everyone worked tirelessly and silently day and night to serve the masses, and made important contributions to curbing the spread of the epidemic and ensuring people’s lives, showing the spirit of Wuhan party member and cadres who are not afraid of sacrifice, have the courage to take responsibility, take care of the overall situation and are willing to contribute."

"If we don’t sleep, the city won’t lose."

On the day and night of Wuhan’s "city closure", there are party member and cadres charging in front, police officers on duty day and night, community grid workers on call, sanitation workers cleaning at designated points, and volunteers’ love relay … These unknown people are guarding the lights and propping up the lifeline of a city.

March 10th, East Lake New Town Community, Wuhan. Residents who have been quarantined at home for 48 days saw the arrival of the General Secretary and leaned out from balconies and windows to pay their respects. Some waved national flags and shouted, "Come on, China! Come on, Wuhan! "

"Let’s cheer together and stick to it!" This scene has been viewed hundreds of millions of times, and the voice of the general secretary echoes with the voice of the people. "The party and the people thank the people of Wuhan."

The people, in the heart of the supreme leader general secretary, are heavy. Thanks to the people again and again, it shows the childlike feelings of "people first", and it is also the magic weapon to win the national war against "epidemic".

Drosten, a German virologist, said that we really need to learn from China and thank the China government and the people of China who are dedicated and collectivist.

Zhang Dingyu, president of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, shed tears at the moment when the news of lifting the "closed city" in Wuhan came.

When the disaster came, he didn’t take care of his worsening frostbite, and he didn’t have time to look after his wife who was diagnosed with COVID-19.

When the storm receded, what he remembered most were the lives that had fought tenaciously against the disease, the volunteers who shuttled patients and samples, the patients who came to donate blood after recovery, and the "isolated virus does not isolate love" that kept flashing on the mobile phone …

Today, the praise of the Supreme Leader General Secretary comforts the scars of life and warms the land of Jingchu: "The people of Wuhan have demonstrated the strength of China and the spirit of China with their own practical actions, highlighting the feelings of the Chinese nation in the same boat and helping each other."

The disaster will eventually pass, and the feelings will remain in my heart.

Reporters who went deep into the "red zone" could not forget it, and doctors who fought all night cried and said, "I’m sorry, I tried my best"; The patients in Fangcang Hospital can’t forget it. Some people even lost their loved ones, and they still shed tears to cheer for everyone. Hundreds of millions of netizens can’t forget that critically ill patients used up their last strength and wrote "My body donated to the country" …

The party and the country can’t forget that 1.4 billion people, regardless of age or occupation, chose to defend their country and give up their homes for the country, and turned "impossible" into "sure" with the overwhelming power.

In the anti-epidemic group portrait published by Time magazine in the United States, the hands of Beijing takeaway rider Gao Zhixiao are particularly eye-catching. This 32-year-old young man rides more than 100 kilometers every day, and delivers 60 or 70 bills at most. One hand sends out not only the urgent needs of many families, but also the hope of a country carrying heavy burdens.

"The people are the real heroes." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader praised with deep affection. The people are the source of strength for this country to continue to write miracles and move towards victory.

As the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "The Chinese nation has experienced many hardships in its history, but it has never been crushed. Instead, it has become more and more frustrated, constantly growing and rising from hardships."

Growing up in tribulation and rising from tribulation-this spirit is contained in the hardships of fighting foreign aggression for independence and liberation, honed in the struggle of socialist construction and unremitting exploration of reform and opening up, and also shines in the tempering of fighting SARS, earthquake relief and fighting COVID-19 epidemic.

At 0: 00 on April 8.

Wen Rui, a lighting maintenance worker in wuhan yangtze river bridge, once again walked out of the board room under the bridge and watched the bridge lights he had guarded for more than 70 days.

Poster: COVID-19 patients in Wuhan hospital are cleared. Prepared by Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Congying

The words "Wuhan restarts, not to bear the spring" light up on time, and the light show "Hero City, Hero People" lights up the night sky of three towns in Wuhan.

At the same time, at the intersection of Wuhan West Expressway, with the first passenger car leaving, railways, civil aviation, water transport and highways resumed operation.

The bells of Jianghan Pass spread to all directions. In front of the square, between buildings, in the live video, and in the circle of WeChat friends, "Wuhan will win!" Long live the motherland!’ Welcome a brand-new day with this city.

In a corner of the city, a clear cry rises in the delivery room of Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, which is the 5108th new life born in this hospital since the city was closed.

"People are in the city, and they are endless!"

It took more than one month to initially curb the spread of the epidemic, about two months to control the daily new cases in the local area within single digits, and about three months to achieve decisive results in the defense of Wuhan and Hubei. For a big country with a population of 1.4 billion, such achievements are hard to come by!

The majestic Yellow Crane Tower witnessed the unyielding struggle of a city; The surging waters of the Yangtze River are surging with the surging blood of a nation.

Never forget your initial intention, never forget your mission, and achieve historical progress in the history exam.

"This epidemic is a big test of China’s governance system and ability. We must sum up experience and learn lessons." -supreme leader

The memory of Tomb-Sweeping Day in the year of Gengzi is unforgettable.

At 10 o’clock on April 4, 2020. In front of Huairentang, Zhongnanhai, the supreme leader and other party and state leaders stood in silence wearing white flowers and looking dignified. Together with the 1.4 billion people of China, they deeply mourned the martyrs and compatriots who died in the COVID-19 epidemic.

In 3 minutes and 180 seconds, the alarm rang through the north and south of the great river, inside and outside the Great Wall, and the country sent off the sacrificed heroes with the highest memorial ceremony and mourned the compatriots who died of illness.

The COVID-19 epidemic has infected more than 80,000 people and killed more than 4,600 people.

The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "This epidemic is a big test of China’s governance system and ability. We must sum up experience and learn lessons."

Facing the big exam, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s political nature is moving.

On March 2nd, a special swearing-in ceremony was held in Guangzhou and Wuhan.

Through the video, Academician Zhong Nanshan, who has been a party member for 55 years, said to Li Yingxian, a frontline nurse who joined the party in FireWire: "Now is the time when Communist party member needs to stand up. I have seen greatness in your ordinary work."

Rush up at the critical moment and get out at the critical moment. In the face of this big test of life and death, a total of 440 thousand people across the country submitted applications for joining the party.

On the front line of anti-epidemic, a total of 244 thousand temporary party organizations have been established; 396 party member and cadres were killed (sacrificed) in the line of duty.

The clank oath of "ready to sacrifice everything for the party and people" resounded through China, and bright red party flag fluttered high in the front line of fighting the epidemic.

Facing the big exam, Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s institutional advantages are more prominent.

At the command, thousands of miles rushed to help; Unified scheduling and coordinated promotion; As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The fundamental reason why China’s epidemic prevention and control and resumption of work and production can be vigorously promoted is that the leadership of the party and the advantages of China’s socialist system have played an unparalleled and important role."

In the face of the big exam, the majestic power of concentric up and down is unstoppable.

In the reply to the students of Tibet University Medical College who were internship in Shougang Hospital, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader encouraged them to follow the example of angels in white in the "epidemic" and strive to be good doctors trusted by the party and the people. With a strong heart, when replying to all the post-90s party member of Peking University Aid Hubei Medical Team, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader encouraged the vast number of young people not to be afraid of the wind and rain, to shoulder heavy burdens bravely, and to let youth bloom in the places where the party and the people need it most; Always miss, in the reply to all community workers in Donghu New Town Community of Wuhan, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has high hopes, hoping that they will make new contributions to completely winning the people’s war, overall war and blocking war against the epidemic.

On the eve of May 1st International Labor Day, I wrote back to encourage the working people. On the occasion of May 4th Youth Day, I sent a message to the young people in the new era. On the occasion of the International Nurses’ Day, I extended my holiday congratulations and sincere condolences to the nurses all over the country … The cordial concern of the Supreme Leader General Secretary inspired people and inspired their fighting spirit.

There is a little light, a little light, and a force. The 1.4 billion people, with the great love of their home country and the national justice of "striving for one place", have opened a safe mode for the whole people to fight the epidemic.

The big exam is like a mirror, which shows advantages and exposes shortcomings.

In January 2018, at the opening ceremony of the seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader listed 16 specific risks in eight aspects, and explicitly mentioned: "Major infectious diseases like SARS should always be vigilant and strictly guarded."

In January, 2019, at the seminar where leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels insisted on the bottom line thinking and focused on preventing and resolving major risks, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that in the face of the turbulent international situation, complex and sensitive surrounding environment and arduous and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability, we must always be highly vigilant, not only against the "black swan" incident, but also against the "grey rhinoceros" incident.

The sober judgment of the CPC Central Committee is by no means alarmist. At the key node of building a well-off society in an all-round way and fighting poverty, the epidemic situation in COVID-19 has sounded the alarm.

Hospital bed reserves are insufficient, primary medical care is obviously weak, the distribution of donated materials is not smooth, and the prevention and control notices are inconsistent … In the voice of doubt, China’s shortcomings in major epidemic prevention and control system and public health emergency management system need to be filled.

Some are afraid to take responsibility, unwilling to take responsibility, some are confused and have no ideas in their work, and some are still engaged in formalism and bureaucracy … In the fight against the epidemic, the problem that a few cadres are difficult to stand the test and lack of working ability is very prominent.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "After every disaster, we should become smarter."

Summing up experience and lessons in the war "epidemic" and focusing on long-term stability is the proper meaning of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly pointed out from a strategic and overall perspective that in view of the shortcomings and deficiencies exposed by this epidemic, we should pay close attention to filling shortcomings, plugging loopholes, strong and weak items, persisting in this, perfecting this perfection, establishing this establishment, implementing this implementation, perfecting the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control, and improving the national public health emergency management system.

"The construction of dikes and seawalls and the construction of earthquake-resistant houses should prepare for the once-in-a-century disaster. The investment in public health is also rather prepared than used, not available and not prepared. "

Insist on planning ahead and thinking at the bottom line, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to strengthen strategic planning and forward-looking layout, adhere to the combination of peacetime and wartime, improve the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control, improve the public health emergency management system, push the work force to sink to the front line, optimize the production capacity layout and guarantee of important emergency materials, and ensure that major risks in the public health field are discovered, warned early and handled well.

Be prepared, for the country. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader further pointed out that we should always be cautious in treading on thin ice and keen to see Ye Zhiqiu. We should not only be highly vigilant and guard against major risks in our own areas, but also pay close attention to major risks in the overall situation.

Focus on the fundamentals and plan for the long term. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "Man and nature should live in harmony, and once human activities exceed the natural carrying capacity, they will be retaliated." Practicing the concept of green development is not only related to the sustainable development of economy and society, but also to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Those who observe the situation are wise, and those who follow the trend are wise. In the face of this major global crisis and the common war of all mankind, the voice of the Supreme Leader General Secretary is firm and powerful: "Only with the joint efforts of all mankind can we win the war."

Strive for Corning in the world and China!

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader’s earnest warning is still in my ears:

"Today’s world is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. China is in a critical period to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Our party is leading the people in a great struggle with many new historical characteristics. The situation and environment are changing rapidly, the tasks of reform, development and stability are heavy, contradictions and risks are challenging, and the test of our party’s governance is unprecedented."

"The more severe and complicated the development environment, the more we must unswervingly deepen reform, improve all aspects of the system, improve the governance system, promote the better transformation and integration of system construction and governance efficiency, and be good at using institutional advantages to cope with the impact of risk challenges."

At the meeting held in The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) on May 14th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the current situation of epidemic prevention and control in China is generally good, while the situation of epidemic abroad is severe and complicated, and the task of preventing epidemic rebound in China is still arduous. We must resolutely overcome paralysis, war-weariness, luck, and relaxation, and continue to pay close attention to the work of external defense input and internal defense rebound. We must never let the hard-won achievements in epidemic prevention and control be wasted, ensure the completion of the decisive battle to get rid of poverty, and build a well-off society in an all-round way.

Summing up the experience and lessons from the great war and drawing wisdom from the big exam, the Chinese nation will certainly be able to turn danger into opportunity and move forward rain or shine! (Reporter: Zhao Cheng, Huo Xiaoguang, Zhang Xudong, Wu Jing, Chen Fang, Zhao Chao, Liu Hua, An Bei, Lin Hui, Zhu Jichai, Jianqiang Liang)

　　At around 19: 00 on May 14th, some areas in Wujiang District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province suffered from strong convective weather. Strong winds damaged some buildings, and some power supply lines were damaged, resulting in power outages in some areas.

　　According to Jiangsu Meteorological Weibo, around 19: 00 on the 14th, a tornado appeared in shengze town, Wujiang District, Suzhou City, which damaged power facilities and many houses.

　　According to preliminary statistics, the severe convective weather disaster in Wujiang District of Suzhou caused one death, two serious injuries and 19 minor injuries, and the wounded were taken to hospital for treatment. After the disaster, all departments made every effort to carry out rescue, and at present, power supply has been restored in some power-off areas. (CCTV reporter Yang Guang)

　　Zhongxin. com, Zhangzhou, August 22 (Wu Guanbiao, Zhou Xin) On the 21st, the reporter walked into the Social Security Service Experience Hall in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, following the theme interview activity of "Vibrant China Research Bank" in 2025, and learned about the local practice of promoting the transformation of social security services with the "15-minute convenience service area" as the core, and through innovative services such as cooperation between social banks and social security planners.

　　In the "Social Security Planning Service Area" of the Experience Hall, citizen Liu Xiaomei is discussing with social security planner Li Xinyan whether to postpone retirement to get a higher pension. "Seeing the retirement age, how to plan to make the future pension more impressive is related to our vital interests. The planner spoke in detail and the service was particularly intimate. " Liu Xiaomei said.

　　Such "one-on-one" planning services have been carried out in Zhangzhou for nearly 2,500 times. According to reports, the experience hall also has functional areas such as social security business handling area, social security self-service area and elderly service area, which can unlock the whole social security scene in one stop. Since its opening in September 2024, the Experience Hall has received more than 2,000 people and handled social security business more than 800 times.

　　According to the cooperation standard of social security service in Fujian Province, Zhangzhou Social Security Center and cooperative banks jointly set up "nearby" service outlets, sinking 37 high-frequency social security services such as insurance registration, treatment inquiry and qualification certification to the social security service area of the bank, so that people can do things at home.

　　"This year, Zhangzhou also innovatively launched the’ social bank service through train’, which’ moved’ social security services from the window to the car and drove into communities, enterprises and villages, so that policy propaganda and business handling could achieve’ zero distance’." Zhang Xiaobin, deputy director of the People’s Social Security Bureau of Zhangzhou City, said that especially in the rural "market day", the through train will enter the market and deliver the service to the villagers.

　　"The network layout of the’ 15-minute convenience service circle’ can provide people with more efficient and convenient services for social security institutions; For banks, it can also provide better financial extension services to further stimulate and stimulate consumer demand. " Lin Benxi, an expert in social security research and a professor at the School of Economics of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, said. (End)

Nowadays, when consumers buy a car, safety configuration is one of the most important considerations, so whether the active/passive safety configuration is abundant will directly affect its popularity. Today I will bring you this one. Let’s take a look at its style.

First of all, from the appearance, the front of the Peugeot 2008 looks very stable and atmospheric, looking relatively young. With the headlights, it is the finishing touch on the front face. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, delayed shutdown, etc. To the side of the body, the body size of the car is 4312MM*1785MM*1545MM, the car adopts angular lines, the side presents a fashionable and simple design style, with large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is eye-catching. In the rear design, the rear looks very dignified, the tail lights look very tough, coupled with the unique exhaust pipe, the shape is relatively sturdy.

Sitting in the car, the interior looks very round and lovely, and it is easy to impress the hearts of young consumers. The steering wheel design of the car is very domineering and stylish, and it is made of genuine leather, which makes people love it. Take a look at the central control, which is matched with a 7-inch touch LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and elegant. The dashboard and seats are also eye-catching, and the car is equipped with a round dashboard, which is very eye-catching. The car has imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick, and are very comfortable to ride.

Peugeot 2008 is equipped with a wet dual-clutch (DCT) gearbox with a maximum power of 100KW and a maximum torque of 230N.m, resulting in good power performance.

The overall performance of the Peugeot 2008 trunk space is relatively good, with a regular shape, which is convenient for personnel to pick up luggage. At the same time, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assistance (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.) main driver airbags, passenger seat airbags, front side airbags and other safety configurations.

After reading today’s talk, do you have a lot of ideas? The SUV model has an atmospheric appearance, good space performance, and high cost performance. I wonder if you are interested in it.

　　(Reporter Lei Jia Wang Bin Lin Lishuang) Yesterday morning, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Administration of Market Supervision, the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau and other departments held listing ceremonies on the same day.

　　Yesterday, the newly established Ministry of Science and Technology held a listing ceremony in the courtyard of the former Ministry of Science and Technology at No.15 Fuxing Road B, which unveiled two brands, namely "Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China" and "State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs". The Ministry of New Science and Technology has integrated the responsibilities of the former Ministry of Science and Technology and the former State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. The National Natural Science Foundation of China is managed by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Previously, the Ministry of Science and Technology has updated the list of leading members on its official website.

　　The functions of the newly established Ministry of Science and Technology have changed, mainly including three aspects: first, taking the lead in drawing up scientific and technological development plans, guidelines and policies, drafting relevant laws and regulations, formulating departmental rules, and organizing implementation, supervision and inspection; Second, it is responsible for organizing the formulation of national key basic research plans, high-tech research and development plans and science and technology support plans, coordinating basic research, cutting-edge technology research, major social welfare technology research and key technologies and common technologies research, and taking the lead in organizing major key technology research in important areas of national economic and social development; Third, organize scheme demonstration, comprehensive balance, evaluation and acceptance and formulate relevant supporting policies in conjunction with relevant departments, and put forward opinions on major adjustments in the implementation of major science and technology projects.

　　The newly established State Administration of Market Supervision held a listing ceremony yesterday at the office building of the former State Administration for Industry and Commerce at No.8 Sanlihe East Road. According to the institutional reform plan, the newly established State Administration of Market Supervision integrates all the duties of the former State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the State Food and Drug Administration, all the duties of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine except inspection and quarantine, the duties of price supervision and inspection and anti-monopoly law enforcement of the National Development and Reform Commission, the centralized anti-monopoly law enforcement of operators of the Ministry of Commerce and the office of the the State Council Anti-monopoly Committee.

　　In addition, the State Administration of Market Supervision directly manages National Medical Products Administration and China National Intellectual Property Administration. The reporter of Beijing Youth Daily noticed that the website of the former State Administration for Industry and Commerce had been officially renamed with the domain name "http://samr.saic.gov.cn", and besides the Chinese and English names of the State Administration for Market Supervision, the names of the Food Safety Committee of the State Council, the Anti-monopoly Committee of the State Council, the National Certification and Accreditation Administration Committee and the National Standardization Administration Committee were added to the page.

　　The newly established State Forestry and Grassland Bureau held a listing ceremony yesterday, which was located in front of the former State Forestry Administration at No.18 Hepingli East Street, Dongcheng District. The State Forestry and Grassland Bureau integrates the responsibilities of the former State Forestry Administration, the grassland supervision and management responsibilities of the former Ministry of Agriculture, and the management responsibilities of the former Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Water Resources, the former Ministry of Agriculture, the former State Oceanic Administration and other departments, such as nature reserves, scenic spots, natural heritage and geological parks, and is managed by the Ministry of Natural Resources.

　　The State Forestry and Grassland Bureau will be mainly responsible for supervising and managing the development, utilization and protection of forest, grassland, wetland, desert and terrestrial wildlife resources, organizing ecological protection and restoration, carrying out afforestation and greening, and managing various nature reserves such as national parks. According to the new functions, the brand of National Park Service was also added yesterday.

　　The Ministry of Natural Resources was also listed yesterday. As a unified management department of natural resources assets owned by the whole people, such as landscapes, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, the Ministry of Natural Resources integrates the relevant responsibilities of the former Ministry of Land and Resources, the former State Oceanic Administration and the former State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information, as well as the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and the former State Forestry Administration.

　　Photography/Our reporter Hao Yi

　　"The problem of insomnia for many years can be solved." "For more than ten or twenty years, people who can’t sleep well can see the effect here." "What’s your skin? On the public screen, we will let these questions say goodbye … …” "My grandfather’s generation started to do it, and our store queues up every day" … … Live delivery has become a popular online shopping method. The reporter observed over the past few days that in Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and other live broadcast platforms, the anchors boasted about the efficacy of some creams and health care products, even suggesting that they were better than real drugs, or even "no side effects".

　　Consumer Miss Wang told all-media reporters that the anchors of these live broadcast platforms and the advertisements on the store’s sales page described the product functions as similar to "drugs" and had therapeutic effects. In fact, products with health care functions, Chinese herbal ointment, etc., "product packaging is connected ‘ Medicine ’ There are no words in the system. " With the popularity of live broadcast, consumers who buy things after watching live broadcast are also increasing. These words, which are full of "medical" effects and difficult to distinguish between true and false, undoubtedly bring risks to consumers and patients.

　　It is understood that the China Consumers Association released a report in November last year, pointing out that the chaos of live sales is one of the focuses of consumers. Among them, the main problems in the chaos of live sales include counterfeiting, wrong goods, and preferential differences.

　　Text, map/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter Wen Jing

　　Case 1: Nutritional dietary supplements "blow" into a "good medicine" for insomnia.

　　"Ziziphus jujuba seed, Poria cocos, yam … … Anyone who can’t sleep knows that this is to soothe the nerves and help sleep. And γ -Aminobutyric acid is to calm the brain. We don’t stimulate anything, and we don’t have anything. It’s a three-point poison. Everyone has heard of it, but ours is different … …” Recently, the reporter opened the live broadcast platform. In the live broadcast room of "Anchor Qingyu [Electric Business]", the anchor was trying to recommend a brand of "Aminobutyric Acid+Ziziphus jujuba Seed Tablet Candy", and even claimed that "the whole person feels different after eating for a while". When asked by some netizens, the anchor said that this is the same as medicine and food. The reporter clicked on the page introduction of this product, and the product details were written with its food production license number: SC ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

　　The reporter searched on different live broadcast platforms and found that this "Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus jujuba, Poria cocos tablets" is a online celebrity product, also known as "sleeping candy". Many platform stores and anchors are selling different brands of the same or the same type of products. In the live broadcast room of "Watching Yunshu with Warm Wine", the anchor is selling a certain brand of Ziziphus jujuba, Poria cocos and Lily γ -Aminobutyric acid, which means "If you can’t sleep at night for five or ten years, you can shoot us × bottles … …” .

　　The reporter browsed on the live broadcast platform that a certain brand of aminobutyric acid+Ziziphus jujuba seed tablet candy was on sale, and the ingredients were: fructooligosaccharide, marine fish oligopeptide, Ziziphus jujuba seed, Poria cocos, yam, phosphatidylserine, γ -Aminobutyric acid, and food additives such as microcrystalline cellulose and magnesium stearate. Only the food production license number is affixed to the bottle. The sales page of some stores even posted the slogan "Before going to bed × sleeping all night". It is understood that the prices of such products are quite uneven on the live broadcast platform, ranging from 10 yuan to hundreds of yuan.

　　In an e-commerce flagship store of similar products of a big brand, the specifications and parameters of the sales page show that Ziziphus Spinosae, Poria cocos and Lily aminobutyric acid tablet candy is a nutritional dietary supplement (non-food health word).

　　It is understood that this kind contains γ -The actual efficacy of "sleeping sugar" composed of amino butyric acid, Ziziphus jujuba seed and other ingredients is quite controversial. Can this kind of "candy tablets" relieve insomnia? A neurologist in a 3A hospital suggested that mild insomnia can be treated with more exercise, more sunshine and regular work and rest during the day. This type of candy tablets can only be said to improve sleep.

　　Case 2 External disinfection and sterilization products "imply" that they can cure skin diseases.

　　In addition to "sleep candy", the reporter found that all kinds of skin antipruritic and bacteriostatic creams known as "ancient prescriptions" and "folk prescriptions" were also flooded in the live broadcast room. In the live broadcast room named "Mr. Focus on Skin", there is a background board filled with words such as "Looking for treasures", "Fresh skin", "Silver scraps" and "Fresh hands and feet". When you see these words, everyone can understand what they mean. The anchor didn’t show his face, but he smeared the so-called "antipruritic cream" with his hand in front of the camera, and kept saying, "If there is something displayed on the screen that has troubled his family for many years … … It will take ten days and a half months to thank me … …” It makes the audience curious about what "cream" is and how powerful it is. When the reporter asked the customer service of the store whether the product packaging had OTC or the word "medicine", the other party replied that it was genuine and Chinese herbal medicine.

　　The reporter entered "antipruritic and bacteriostatic" on the live broadcast platform, and a variety of products appeared, and randomly bought a Huayingtang Shien bacteriostatic cream. The outer package says: the main ingredients are Melaleuca alternifolia, Murraya murraya, glycyrrhetinic acid, Viola yedoensis, oats, Schizonepeta and so on. The indicated types of inhibitory microorganisms are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. On the packaging box of this bacteriostatic cream, it is marked with "Hygiene Permit: X Wei Xiao Zheng Zi (2019)No. ×××××". The reporter asked the customer service of the store about the efficacy of this antibacterial cream. The customer service said that it is an ointment, which mainly has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Subsequently, the reporter searched on the traditional e-commerce platform, and at the time of writing, this product was not found yet.

　　The reporter browsed the sales pages of several similar "antibacterial and antipruritic creams", and the product details all read "X Wei Xiao Zheng Zi". It is understood that the name of Weixiao Certificate belongs to disinfection products. As an external disinfection and sterilization product, it does not have the effect of regulating human physiological functions, which is obviously different from drugs.

　　"This type of so-called plant formula and cream of Chinese herbal medicine is often seen in shops selling local specialty goods in some tourist attractions. In-store sales staff will say that local specialties, ‘ Folk ’ Ancient prescription, pure plant formula, no irritation, no side effects … …” A person in the medical industry told all-media reporters that they usually adopt similar routines and words. "If it doesn’t work, say that you don’t have enough time."

　　Consumer reminder

　　A dermatologist of traditional Chinese medicine said that patients should first know what kind of skin disease it is, and secondly, whether bacteriostatic ointment is a prescription drug. If it is a prescription drug, it needs to be taken under the guidance of a doctor. If it is an over-the-counter drug, you can use it yourself according to the instructions. It is recommended to go to the offline hospital to find out what kind of skin diseases, and then determine what kind of drugs to use.

　　Zheng Xusen, deputy director lawyer of Guangdong Datong Law Firm, told the Guangzhou Daily all-media reporter that if the network anchor emphasized the above-mentioned therapeutic function of the product when selling skin itching cream and "sleep candy", consumers made a purchase decision, but the product itself did not have the efficacy claimed by the anchor, then the network anchor might constitute a false advertisement. The market supervision and management department may order it to stop advertising and eliminate the influence within the corresponding scope, and impose a fine of more than three times and less than five times the advertising cost. If the advertising cost cannot be calculated or is obviously low, a fine of more than 200,000 yuan and less than 1 million yuan will be imposed.

　　Lawyer’s statement

　　"Xiao" brand products shall not claim the therapeutic effect on diseases.

　　In live broadcast, it is easy to mislead consumers by exaggerating functions, confusing concepts, and "suggesting" that non-drugs have more powerful effects than real drugs. When consumers buy them back, they find that they are not even over-the-counter drugs, and some are even food. The effect varies from person to person. The reporter saw from an online complaint platform that a consumer left a message that he had skin diseases. He noticed an "ointment" in the live broadcast merchants, saying that it could treat his own skin diseases, and it was cheaper than offline purchase. When he bought it, he found that the "ointment" did not have the OTC logo or the batch number of Chinese medicine.

　　Lawyer Lin Zhaorun, a senior partner of Guangdong Jinlun Law Firm, said that consumers should first pay attention to whether the products have corresponding batch numbers, such as "Xiao" and "Cosmetic", some products with "Machinery" or "Medicine", and some products with three no products. Different products have different advertising regulations.

　　For example, the name "Xiao" generally refers to the health license number approved by the provincial health administrative department. The product with the name "Xiao" does not have any therapeutic effect, and its main function is sterilization, which belongs to the sanitary disinfection products. The detection index is mainly sterilization. Article 31 of the Measures for the Administration of Disinfection stipulates that "the labels (including instructions) and publicity contents of disinfection products must be true, and there shall be no therapeutic effect on diseases". That is to say, the products with the name "Xiao" should not claim the therapeutic effect on diseases, nor should they use names that make people mistakenly think that they have therapeutic effects. At the same time, the advertising law also prohibits false propaganda that exaggerates the effect. Therefore, if these products are only "Xiao" brand products, they exaggerate the effect too much and make consumers mistakenly think that they have disease treatment effects, which is false propaganda and violates relevant laws and regulations.

　　E-commerce platform operators bear joint and several liability.

　　Lawyer Lin Zhaorun emphasized that according to Article 38 of the E-commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China, the operators of e-commerce platforms know or should know that the goods sold or services provided by the operators in the platforms do not meet the requirements of protecting personal and property safety, or that there are other acts that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and fail to take necessary measures, and they shall be jointly and severally liable with the operators in the platforms according to law.

　　Zheng Xusen, deputy director of Guangdong Datong Law Firm, pointed out that webcasting is prone to buying impulses because of its novel shopping model. It is suggested that consumers should be rational when watching and increase their ability to distinguish some products with obvious functional propaganda. If you still decide to buy, you can take appropriate screenshots or screen recordings to keep the anchor’s publicity process for subsequent rights protection.

Xinhua News Agency, Changsha, September 27th (Reporter Shi Weiyan) On the 27th, an ultra-large diameter shield machine with the largest excavation diameter of 16.07m was rolled off the production line in Changsha No.1 Industrial Park of China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Group. This shield machine is 150 meters long and weighs 4300 tons, which is the largest diameter shield machine developed in China so far.

The 16m super-large diameter shield machine jointly developed by China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Group and China Railway 14th Bureau Group is named "Jinghua" and will participate in the reconstruction project of Beijing East Sixth Ring Road after leaving the factory. The reporter saw at the scene that the "Jinghua" is like a steel giant lying workshop, with a height of more than 5 floors. The knife head painting extracts visual elements from Peking Opera masks, and its appearance is bright and eye-catching, highlighting the regional cultural characteristics of Beijing.

Zhang Shuaikun, deputy dean of the Roadheader Research and Design Institute of China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Group, said that the shield machine with a diameter of 12 meters or more is usually called the super-large diameter shield machine. The super-large diameter shield machine integrates cutting-edge technologies such as machinery, electricity, hydraulics, information, sensing and optics, which requires high reliability of equipment. In the process of equipment development, the R&D team relied on the independent design and system integration technology of conventional diameter and large diameter shield machines, as well as the design and manufacturing technology of key parts of the system, and finally succeeded in development.

"Jinghua" applied many core technologies, such as normal pressure tool changing, telescopic main drive, high-efficiency and high-power mud-water circulation system, and high-precision gas-liquid independent balance control of excavation face. At the same time, it is innovatively equipped with system devices such as pipe ring convergence measurement, pipe ring flatness detection and synchronous double-liquid grouting, which makes the high-intensity, high-risk and high-pollution tunnel excavation operation turn into a relatively safe and efficient green construction mode.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 25th

　　Speech at the Symposium on Network Security and Informatization

　　(April 19, 2016)

　　Supreme leader

　　Today, we hold a symposium on network security and informatization. I’ve always wanted to have this meeting. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s Internet industry has developed rapidly, and the work of network security and informatization has been solidly promoted, with remarkable progress and achievements. At the same time, there are also many shortcomings and problems. The purpose of holding this symposium is to listen to your opinions and suggestions face to face and discuss some measures and methods together, so as to help us do our work better.

　　Just now, several comrades spoke very well, analyzed the new situation and new trend of the current Internet development, introduced the new technology and new trend of informatization development, and put forward good opinions and suggestions, which was very enlightening. Your speech reflects a pragmatic attitude, innovative spirit and strong sense of responsibility, and also reflects a high level of theory and practice in the Internet field, which is very helpful for us to improve our work. Relevant departments should carefully study everyone’s opinions and suggestions and try to absorb what they can. Below, I would like to make a few comments and share with you.

　　The first question is about promoting the development of China’s online information industry and making the Internet better benefit the people.

　　After listening to everyone’s speeches, I have a general feeling that although China is a latecomer to the Internet and has only been connected to the Internet for more than 20 years, we have correctly handled the relationship between security and development, openness and autonomy, management and service, and promoted the development of the Internet and made remarkable achievements. Nowadays, the Internet has increasingly become a new space for people to study, work and live, and a new platform for obtaining public services. There are 700 million netizens in our country, which is an amazing number and an amazing achievement.

　　Judging from the history of social development, human beings have experienced agricultural revolution, industrial revolution and information revolution. The agricultural revolution has enhanced the survival ability of human beings, making them move from eating and hunting to planting and raising animals, and from barbarism to civilized society. The industrial revolution expanded human physical strength, replaced manpower with machines, and replaced manual production in individual workshops with large-scale factory production. The information revolution has enhanced human brain power, brought about another qualitative leap in productivity, and had a profound impact on the development of international politics, economy, culture, society, ecology, military and other fields.

　　At present and in the future, the goal of China’s development is to achieve the goal of "two hundred years". As I said, building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious socialist modern country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the people of China since the Opium War and the highest and fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. Today, all the struggles of more than 1.3 billion people are ultimately aimed at achieving this great goal.

　　China used to be an economic power in the world. Later, during the period of industrial revolution in Europe and profound changes in the world, it lost the historical opportunity to make progress with the world and gradually fell into a passive position. Especially after the Opium War, the Chinese nation was trapped in a tragic situation of being poor and weak and being trampled upon by others. Think of this period of history, we all have unforgettable pain in our hearts. Through the efforts of several generations, we have never been so close to the goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as we are today, and we have never been more confident and capable of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as we are today. This is an important historical opportunity for the Chinese nation. We must seize it firmly and never miss it. This is the historical responsibility of our generation, our responsibility to the Chinese nation, our responsibility to our predecessors and our responsibility to future generations.

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward a new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, which was put forward on the basis of profoundly summarizing the development experience and lessons at home and abroad and deeply analyzing the development trend at home and abroad, and reflected our party’s new understanding of the law of China’s economic and social development. Promoting China’s economic and social development according to the new development concept is the general requirement and general trend of China’s development at present and in the future. The ancients said: "at any time, you can make contributions because of your capital, and you can profit from it with the power of all things." The development of China’s network information industry should adapt to this general trend. Generally speaking, the network letter business represents new productive forces and new development direction, and it should and can take the lead in practicing the new development concept.

　　China’s economic development has entered a new normal, and the new normal needs new impetus. The Internet can do a lot in this respect. We implemented the "internet plus" action plan, which led to the upsurge of innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society, and the proportion of information economy in China’s GDP continued to rise. In today’s world, informatization is developing rapidly. If you don’t advance, you will retreat, and if you advance slowly, you will retreat. We should strengthen the construction of information infrastructure, strengthen the deep integration of information resources, and open up the information "artery" of economic and social development. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan all made arrangements for the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by network, the "internet plus" action plan, the big data strategy, etc. We should earnestly implement them, make great efforts to promote the deep integration and development of the Internet and the real economy, use information flow to drive the technology flow, capital flow, talent flow and material flow, promote the optimization of resource allocation, promote the improvement of total factor productivity, and play an active role in promoting innovation and development, transforming the mode of economic development and adjusting the economic structure.

　　In order to develop the network information business, we must implement the people-centered development thought. This is an important viewpoint put forward by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. It is necessary to adapt to the people’s expectations and needs, speed up the popularization of information services, reduce the application cost, provide useful, affordable and well-used information services for the people, and let hundreds of millions of people have more sense of sharing the fruits of Internet development. Compared with cities, rural Internet infrastructure construction is our shortcoming. It is necessary to increase investment, accelerate the pace of rural Internet construction, and expand the effective coverage of optical fiber networks and broadband networks in rural areas. We can do a good job in the deep integration of informationization and industrialization, develop intelligent manufacturing, and drive more people to innovate and start businesses; We can aim at the main direction of agricultural modernization, improve the level of agricultural production intelligence and network management, and help farmers increase their income; We can give full play to the advantages of the Internet and implement "Internet+education", "Internet+medical care" and "internet plus culture" to promote the equalization of basic public services; We can give full play to the role of the Internet in boosting poverty alleviation, promote accurate poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation, let more people in need use the Internet, let agricultural products go out of the countryside through the Internet, and let children in ravines receive quality education; We can speed up the promotion of e-government, encourage government departments at all levels to break down information barriers, improve service efficiency, let people run less errands and more information, and solve the problems of difficulty, slowness and complexity, and so on.There are many things to do in these aspects, and some Internet companies have made attempts and achieved good economic and social benefits.

　　Some experts have pointed out that there are some problems in our national governance, such as information sharing, overall planning of resources and insufficient coordination of work, which restrict the efficiency of national governance and the level of public services. This problem needs to be studied in depth. We propose to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Information is an important basis for national governance and should play an important role in this process. It is necessary to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity by informationization, coordinate the development of e-government, build an integrated online service platform, promote the construction of new smart cities by classification, break through information barriers, build a national information resource sharing system, and better use information technology to perceive social situations, smooth communication channels, and assist scientific decision-making.

　　The second question is about building a good network ecology and giving full play to the role of the network in guiding public opinion and reflecting public opinion.

　　Internet is a social information platform, where hundreds of millions of netizens get information and exchange information, which will have an important impact on their ways of seeking knowledge, ways of thinking and values, especially on their views on the country, society, work and life.

　　To achieve the goal of "two hundred years", all aspects of society need to work together, and people of all ethnic groups in the country need to think in one place and work hard in one place. If a society has no common ideals, goals and values, and it is noisy all day, nothing can be done. There are more than 1.3 billion people in our country. If such a situation is created, it will not be in the interests of the people or the country.

　　It is not easy to build consensus, so we should work together. In order to achieve our goal, concentric circles should be formed online and offline. What are concentric circles? It is under the leadership of the Party that people of all ethnic groups throughout the country are mobilized, and the enthusiasm of all parties is mobilized to work together to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　The ancients said: "Those who know the house leaks are in the world, and those who know the political loss are in the grass." Many netizens call themselves "grass roots", and the network is now a "grass field". Netizens come from ordinary people, and when ordinary people go online, public opinion goes online. Where the masses are, our leading cadres will go, otherwise how can we contact the masses? Party and government organs and leading cadres at all levels should learn to follow the mass line through the Internet, often surf the Internet, dive, chat and make noises, understand what the masses think and wish, collect good ideas and suggestions, and actively respond to netizens’ concerns and doubts. Being good at using the internet to understand public opinion and carry out work is the basic skill for leading cadres to do a good job under the new situation. Cadres at all levels, especially leading cadres, must constantly improve this ability.

　　Most netizens are ordinary people, coming from all directions, with different experiences, and their views and ideas are certainly varied. They cannot be required to be so accurate and right about all issues. We should be more tolerant and patient, absorb constructive opinions in time, help difficulties in time, announce and introduce those who don’t know the situation in time, clear up vague understanding in time, resolve grievances and complaints in time, and guide and correct wrong views in time, so that the Internet can become a new platform for us to communicate with the masses, a new way to understand the masses, get close to them and solve problems for them, and a new channel to carry forward people’s democracy and accept people’s supervision.

　　Cyberspace is the common spiritual home of hundreds of millions of people. Cyberspace is clear and the ecology is good, which is in line with the interests of the people. Cyberspace is smoky and ecological deterioration, which is not in the interests of the people. No one wants to live in a space full of falsehood, fraud, attack, abuse, terror, pornography and violence. The internet is not a place of extra-legality. Use the Internet to advocate the overthrow of state power, incite religious extremism, propagate ethnic separatist ideas, instigate violent terrorist activities, and so on. Such acts must be resolutely stopped and cracked down, and they must never be allowed to prevail. Using the Internet to engage in fraudulent activities, disseminate pornographic materials, conduct personal attacks, peddle illegal items, and so on, such words and deeds should also be resolutely controlled and must not be allowed to prevail. No country will allow such behavior to spread. In the attitude of being responsible to the society and the people, we should strengthen the governance of cyberspace according to law, strengthen the construction of online content, strengthen positive online publicity, cultivate a positive, healthy and upward-oriented online culture, nourish people’s hearts and society with socialist core values and outstanding achievements of human civilization, and achieve full positive energy and high main melody, so as to create a clean and upright cyberspace for the majority of netizens, especially teenagers.

　　The formation of a good online public opinion atmosphere does not mean that there can only be one voice and one tone, but that it is impossible to gossip, reverse black and white, create rumors and commit crimes, and not exceed the constitutional and legal boundaries. I have repeatedly stressed that an important means to put power into the cage of the system is to play the role of public opinion supervision, including Internet supervision. Party and government organs and leading cadres at all levels should pay special attention to this, and first of all, they should do a good job. We should not only welcome those well-intentioned criticisms on the Internet, but also carefully study and learn from them, whether they are directed at the work of the Party and the government or at leading cadres, whether they are gentle and gentle or sincere advice that is hard to listen to.

　　The third question is about making breakthroughs in core technologies as soon as possible.

　　Over the past 20 years, the remarkable achievements of China’s Internet development include a number of technical achievements. At present, among the top 10 Internet companies in the world, we have 4 seats. During the second world internet conference, I went to see the "Light of the Internet" Expo. Among the more than 1,000 new technologies and achievements exhibited by more than 250 enterprises from all over the world, we also accounted for a lot, which was gratifying. At the same time, we should also see that compared with the advanced world level and the strategic goal of building a network power, we still have a big gap in many aspects, especially in the aspects of Internet innovation ability, infrastructure construction, information resource sharing and industrial strength, among which the biggest gap is in core technology.

　　The core technology of the Internet is our biggest "life gate", and the core technology is subject to people, which is our biggest hidden danger. Even if an Internet company is large in scale and high in market value, if its core components are heavily dependent on foreign countries and the "life gate" of the supply chain is in the hands of others, it is like building a house on the foundation of someone else’s wall. No matter how big and beautiful it is, it may not stand the wind and rain, or even be vulnerable. If we want to master the initiative of China’s Internet development, and ensure Internet security and national security, we must break through the difficult problem of core technology and strive to achieve "overtaking in corners" in some fields and aspects.

　　To make a breakthrough in core technology, we must have determination, perseverance and focus. To be determined, we should establish the ambition of tenacious struggle and hard work, unswervingly implement the innovation-driven development strategy, invest more manpower, material resources and financial resources in core technology research and development, gather elite forces and make strategic arrangements. Perseverance means to formulate a strategic outline for the development of core technologies and equipment in the information field, formulate road maps, timetables and task books, define short-term, medium-term and long-term goals, follow technical laws, advance in stages, classify and maintain that Qingshan will not relax. To have a focus is to base ourselves on China’s national conditions, face the world’s scientific and technological frontier, face the country’s major needs, face the main battlefield of the national economy, closely focus on climbing the strategic commanding heights, strengthen the deployment of tasks in important areas and key links, and make clear the direction and focus. Otherwise, a lot of money and resources have been spent, and it will be difficult to achieve results in the end.

　　What is the core technology? I think we can grasp it from three aspects. First, basic technology and general technology. The second is asymmetric technology and "killer" technology. The third is cutting-edge technology and subversive technology. In these fields, we are at the same starting line as foreign countries. If we can deploy ahead of time and focus on tackling key problems, it is very likely to realize the transformation from running with each other to running with each other. Entrepreneurs, experts, scholars and scientific and technological personnel in the field of network information in China should set up this ambition, strive for this tone, and strive to make new major breakthroughs in core technologies as soon as possible. As the saying goes, "every day, you are not afraid of thousands of miles; Do it often, not afraid of thousands of things. "

　　China’s information technology industry system is relatively perfect and has a good foundation. In some areas, it has approached or reached the advanced level in the world, and the market space is very large. The key is to clear up our thinking and do it down to earth.

　　First, correctly handle the relationship between openness and autonomy. The Internet has turned the world into a global village, pushing the international community to become a community of destiny with you and me. Now, there is a view that the Internet is complex and difficult to govern, so it is better to close it once and for all. This statement is not correct, nor is it the solution to the problem. The open door of China cannot be closed, nor will it be closed. We should encourage and support China’s online information enterprises to go global, deepen international exchanges and cooperation on the Internet, actively participate in the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, and ensure that "where national interests lie, informatization will cover them". Foreign Internet companies are welcome as long as they abide by Chinese laws and regulations.

　　Now, there are two views on technological development that deserve attention. One view is that we should close the door, start a new stove, completely get rid of dependence on foreign technology, and seek development by independent innovation, otherwise we will always run behind others and never catch up. Another view is that we should open up and innovate and develop our own technology on the shoulders of giants, otherwise we will not catch up. Both of these views have some truth, but they are also absolute, and there is no dialectical view of the problem. On the one hand, the core technology is the heavy weapon of the country, and the most critical and core technology should be based on independent innovation and self-reliance. The market can’t change the core technology, and money can’t buy the core technology. We must rely on our own research and development and development. On the other hand, we emphasize independent innovation, instead of engaging in R&D behind closed doors, we must persist in open innovation, and we can only know the gap if we compete with experts, and we can’t be arrogant.

　　We will not reject any new technology, which is the result of the development of human civilization. As long as it is conducive to improving the level of social productivity and improving people’s lives, we will not reject it. The problem is to find out what can be imported but must be safe and controllable, which can be imported, digested and re-innovated, which can be developed in cooperation with others, and which must be independently innovated on their own. The root of the core technology is the basic research. If the basic research is not done well, the applied technology will become a passive water and a tree without roots.

　　Second, concentrate on doing great things in scientific research investment. In recent years, we have invested a lot of money in core technology research and development, but the effect is not obvious. I think the main problem is that good steel is not used in the blade. We should focus on the core technology that the country urgently needs to break through, clench our fists and persevere.

　　Third, actively promote the transformation of core technological achievements. To develop technology, we must use it. In the field of global information, the ability to integrate innovation chain, industrial chain and value chain is increasingly becoming the key to success. The final result of core technology research and development should not only be technical reports, scientific research papers and laboratory samples, but also be market products, technical strength and industrial strength. The core technology is separated from its industrial chain, value chain and ecosystem, and the upstream and downstream are not connected, so it may be a waste of time.

　　Scientific research and economy cannot be "two skins", and efforts should be made to promote the transformation and industrialization of core technological achievements. After a certain range of argumentation, what should be used should be used It is natural that some problems appear in the application of new technologies and new products introduced by ourselves. Can continue to improve in the process of use, and constantly improve the quality. If everyone doesn’t use it, it’s just to report a project and finish the report, and then put it on the shelf, it will never develop.

　　Fourth, promote strong alliances and collaborative research. To fight the tough battle of core technology research and development, we should not only blow up the assault number, but also blow up the assembly number, that is, we should gather the strongest forces to work together to form the commando and special forces that tackle key problems. There is a great gap between us and the international advanced level in core technology. One prominent reason is that our backbone enterprises have not formed synergistic effects like Microsoft, Intel, Google and Apple. There is a so-called "Wentailai" alliance in the United States, and Microsoft’s Windows operating system only matches Intel’s chips. In the research and development of core technology, the effect of strong alliance is better than single-handedly, and some measures should be taken in this regard to completely get rid of the shackles of departmental interests and portal opinions. Holding the idea that it is better to be the head of a chicken than the tail of a phoenix, and holding the idea that you own one acre and three points of land, it is difficult to achieve results.

　　Some comrades’ suggestions on forming Industry-University-Research’s use alliance are very good. For example, "internet plus" alliance and high-end chip alliance can be formed to strengthen communication and cooperation in strategy, technology, standards, market, etc., and cooperate with innovation to tackle key problems. We can explore ways to unveil the list and put out the key core technology projects we need. No matter where the hero comes from, whoever has the ability will unveil the list. In this regard, it is necessary to play the role of both state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, or they can work together. We can also explore a closer capital-based cooperation mechanism, set up a core technology research and development investment company, give full play to the advantages of leading enterprises, and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which will not only solve the problem of technology popularization and application in upstream enterprises, but also solve the problem of "lack of core and soul" in downstream enterprises.

　　The fourth question is about correctly handling the relationship between security and development.

　　Network security and informatization complement each other. Security is the premise of development, development is the guarantee of security, and security and development should be promoted simultaneously. We must realize that through the ages, many technologies are "double-edged swords". On the one hand, they can benefit society and people, on the other hand, they can also be used by some people to harm social public interests and people’s interests. From a global perspective, the threats and risks of network security are increasingly prominent, and they are increasingly penetrating into political, economic, cultural, social, ecological, national defense and other fields. In particular, the country’s key information infrastructure is facing great risks, and the network security prevention and control ability is weak, so it is difficult to effectively deal with national and organized high-intensity cyber attacks. This is a difficult problem for all countries in the world, and we are no exception.

　　In the face of the complicated and severe network security situation, we should keep a clear head, make concerted efforts in all aspects, and earnestly safeguard network security.

　　First, establish a correct concept of network security. Ideas determine actions. Today’s network security has several main characteristics. First, network security is holistic rather than fragmented. In the information age, network security has a close relationship with national security and many other aspects of security. Second, network security is dynamic rather than static. Information technology is changing faster and faster. In the past, scattered and independent networks have become highly correlated and interdependent, and the threat sources and attack methods of network security are constantly changing. The idea of keeping security forever by installing several security devices and security software is out of date, and it is necessary to establish a dynamic and comprehensive protection concept. Third, network security is open rather than closed. Only based on the open environment, strengthening foreign exchanges, cooperation, interaction and games, and absorbing advanced technologies, will the level of network security be continuously improved. Fourth, network security is relative rather than absolute. There is no absolute security, we should base ourselves on the basic national conditions to ensure security and avoid pursuing absolute security regardless of the cost, which will not only bear a heavy burden, but may even take care of one thing and lose sight of another. Fifth, network security is common rather than isolated. Network security is for the people, and network security depends on the people. Maintaining network security is the common responsibility of the whole society, which requires the joint participation of the government, enterprises, social organizations and the majority of netizens to build a network security defense line. These characteristics should be well grasped by all parties concerned.

　　Second, speed up the construction of a security system for key information infrastructure. The key information infrastructure in the fields of finance, energy, electric power, communication and transportation is the nerve center of economic and social operation, the top priority of network security, and the target that may be attacked. The "physical isolation" defense line can be invaded across the network, the power allocation instruction can be maliciously tampered with, and the financial transaction information can be stolen, all of which are major risk hidden dangers. If it doesn’t go wrong, it will lead to traffic disruption, financial turmoil, power paralysis and other problems, which is very destructive and lethal. We must conduct in-depth research and take effective measures to effectively protect the national key information infrastructure.

　　Third, all-weather and all-round perception of network security situation. Know yourself and know yourself, and you will be invincible. Don’t realize that risk is the biggest risk. Network security has a strong concealment. A technical loophole and security risk may not be discovered for several years. The result is "I don’t know who came in, who is an enemy or a friend, what I did", and I don’t know what I did for a long time. Once something happens, it will happen.

　　To maintain network security, we must first know where the risk is, what kind of risk it is, and when the risk occurs. As the saying goes, "the wise listen to silence, but the wise see the invisible." Perception of network security situation is the most basic and basic work. It is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the network security inspection, find out the family background, recognize the risks, find out the loopholes, report the results, and urge the rectification. It is necessary to establish a unified and efficient network security risk reporting mechanism, information sharing mechanism, judgment and disposal mechanism, and accurately grasp the laws, trends and trends of network security risks. It is necessary to establish a network security information sharing mechanism between the government and enterprises, and use a large amount of network security information held by enterprises. Leading enterprises should take the lead in participating in this mechanism.

　　Some experts have reported that there are departmental interests, industry interests and standard ideas in data opening and information sharing. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen the demonstration, and the system can be unified to give play to the effect that 1+1 is greater than 2, so as to comprehensively use the data resources mastered by all parties, strengthen the analysis of big data mining, better perceive the network security situation, and do a good job in risk prevention. If this work is done well, it will be beneficial to the country, society, enterprises and the people.

　　Fourth, enhance the ability of network security defense and deterrence. The essence of network security lies in confrontation, and the essence of confrontation lies in the ability contest between offensive and defensive ends. It is necessary to implement the network security responsibility system, formulate network security standards, and clarify the protection objects, protection levels and protection measures. There must be a clear account of which aspects should be heavily guarded and strictly guarded, which aspects should be guaranteed and moderately guarded by local governments, and which aspects should be protected by market forces. People use aircraft cannons, and we still use broadswords and spears here. That’s no good. The offensive and defensive forces should be equal. It is necessary to face technology with technology and manage technology with technology, so that the magic height is one foot and the Tao height is one foot.

　　At present, the cyber security game of big countries is not only a technology game, but also an idea game and a discourse power game. We put forward the "four principles" and "five propositions" of global Internet development and governance, especially our advocacy of respecting network sovereignty and building a community of cyberspace destiny, which has won the approval of most countries in the world.

　　The fifth question is to enhance the sense of mission and responsibility of Internet companies and jointly promote the sustained and healthy development of the Internet.

　　Internet enterprises in China have grown from small to large, from weak to strong, and played an important role in stabilizing growth, promoting employment and benefiting people’s lives. It is not only the goal of entrepreneurs’ struggle, but also the need of national development to make enterprises develop continuously and healthily. The fate of enterprises is closely related to the development of the country. Without the support of the state, the support of the masses, and the service for the country and the people, it is difficult for enterprises to become stronger and bigger.

　　During the National "Two Sessions" this year, when I attended the joint meeting of members of the Democratic National Construction Association and the Federation of Industry and Commerce at the Fourth Session of the 12th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, I emphasized that the implementation of the basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and the common development of various forms of ownership is a major policy established by the Communist Party of China (CPC), an important part of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and an inevitable requirement for improving the socialist market economic system. Our party’s view on adhering to the basic economic system is clear and consistent, and it is constantly deepening and has never wavered. This will not change, nor can it change. I not only spoke, but also made my speech public soon, which is to give the entrepreneurs a "reassurance".

　　Our country is so big and has such a large population. To promote economic and social development, we need the concerted efforts of all parties in Qi Xin. The public economy and the non-public economy should complement each other, rather than mutually exclusive and offset each other. Non-public enterprises have become bigger, better and better in the world, making greater contributions to the country and the people, which is the glory of the country. Of course, the party and the government should support it, which is beyond doubt.

　　In China, more than 700 million people access the Internet, which definitely requires management, and this management is very complicated and heavy. Enterprises should bear the responsibility of enterprises, the party and the government should bear the responsibility of the party and the government, and neither side can give up its responsibility. For online information management, websites should bear the main responsibility, and government administrative departments should strengthen supervision. Competent departments and enterprises should establish close cooperation and coordination, avoid the phenomenon of "chaos once released and death once managed" that often appeared in the past, and embark on a new road of joint management and benign interaction.

　　First, insist on encouraging, supporting and standardizing development in parallel. Enterprises are directly oriented to the market, in the front line of innovation, in the front line of grasping people’s needs, with keen market sense, sensitive innovation demand and strong innovation desire. We should encourage and support enterprises to become the main body of R&D, innovation and industry, encourage and support enterprises to deploy cutting-edge technologies, promote independent innovation of core technologies, create and seize more opportunities, participate in international competition and expand overseas development space.

　　At present, there are also some vicious competition and abuse of market dominance in China’s Internet market, and small and medium-sized enterprises have many opinions on this. In this regard, we should standardize the market order and encourage healthy competition. This is not only conducive to stimulating the innovation vitality of enterprises, enhancing their competitiveness and expanding market space, but also conducive to balancing the interests of all parties, safeguarding national interests and better serving the people. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, increase the cost of infringement and illegality, and deter illegal infringement. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed to improve the property rights protection system with fairness as the core principle, strengthen the protection of property rights of economic organizations and natural persons of various ownership, and clean up the provisions of laws and regulations that violate fairness. These requirements should be put in place as soon as possible.

　　Second, adhere to both policy guidance and legal management. The government should create a good environment for the development of enterprises, accelerate the reform of examination and approval system, financing system and patent system, reduce repeated testing and certification, implement a high-quality and high-price government procurement system, reduce the burden on enterprises and break down institutional and institutional obstacles. After the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the CPC Central Committee set up a leading group for comprehensive deepening reform, with me as the team leader. Many reform programs that have been launched are related to these aspects. Reform should continue, that is, I said we should dare to bite hard bones, venture into dangerous beaches and break through difficulties.

　　At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the process of network legislation, improve regulatory measures according to law, and resolve network risks. Some time ago, the cases of e-renting treasure and Sino-Jin system illegally raised funds under the banner of "network finance", which brought serious property losses to the people concerned and had a very bad social impact. Nowadays, there are more and more cases of online fraud, with innovative means of committing crimes and increasingly high technical content. This also reminds us that when developing new technologies and new businesses, we must be alert to the spread of risks.

　　It is necessary to strengthen the management of big data according to law. Some data related to national interests and national security are in the hands of internet companies, and enterprises should ensure the security of these data. Enterprises should pay attention to data security. If the enterprise has problems in data protection and security, it will also have an adverse impact on its reputation.

　　Third, pay equal attention to economic and social benefits. An enterprise has both economic responsibility and legal responsibility, as well as social responsibility and moral responsibility. The bigger the enterprise does, the greater the social responsibility and moral responsibility, and the higher the public’s requirements for the enterprise in this respect. In the process of development, China’s Internet enterprises have assumed a lot of social responsibilities, which should be fully affirmed and hoped to continue to carry forward.

　　"The line is born in oneself, and the name is born in people." I have said that only caring wealth is truly meaningful wealth, and only enterprises that actively undertake social responsibilities are the most competitive and vital enterprises. Those who run websites should not blindly pursue the click-through rate, those who run online stores should guard against counterfeiting, those who do social platforms should not become rumor spreaders, and those who do search should not only take the amount of money as the ranking standard. It is hoped that the vast number of Internet companies will adhere to the unity of economic and social benefits, and at the same time, while developing themselves, they will think about the source of drinking water, repay the society and benefit the people.

　　The sixth question is to gather talents from all over the world and use them to provide strong talent support for the development of online information.

　　Talent is the first resource. Throughout the ages, talents are the foundation of a rich country and a great plan to prosper the country. As I said, if we want to develop our cause well, we must gather talents from all over the world and use them. If you want to do something big, you must have this vision, this courage and this tolerance.

　　"Those who get people are prosperous, and those who lose people collapse." The competition in cyberspace is, in the final analysis, talent competition. Without an excellent talent team, creativity and vitality, it is difficult to build a powerful network country. Only by studying the classics of talents can we get twice the result with half the effort. For China, capital was scarce in the early stage of reform and opening up, so we introduced many policies to encourage the introduction of capital, such as "two exemptions and three reductions". Now, capital is not so scarce, but talents, especially high-end talents, are still scarce. Our minds should turn around, pay attention to both capital and talents, further increase the intensity of introducing talents, and take further steps to reform the talent system and mechanism. In the field of network information, we can try first, pay close attention to research, and formulate ways to attract, train and retain talents.

　　Internet is a technology-intensive industry, and it is also one of the fastest fields of technology update. The development of China’s network information industry must fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of entrepreneurs, experts and scholars and scientific and technological personnel. When I worked in Zhengding County in my early years, in order to borrow wisdom from the first-class experts and scholars in China, I specially hired experts and scholars such as Hua Luogeng as consultants for our county, and some of them personally went to Zhengding to guide the work. Entrepreneurs, experts, scholars, and scientific and technological personnel should have national responsibility and social responsibility, and contribute their wisdom and strength to the development of the national network information industry. Party committees and governments at all levels should respect knowledge and talents from the bottom of their hearts, create good conditions, create a relaxed environment and provide a broad platform for talents to play their talents.

　　The internet is mainly the cause of young people, so we should not stick to one pattern to drop talents. We should emancipate our minds, have a good eye for talents, love talents and cherish talents. To cultivate cyber talents, we should make great efforts and invest a lot of money, invite excellent teachers, compile excellent teaching materials, recruit excellent students and build a first-class cyberspace security college. Many talents in the internet field are geeks and wizards. They often don’t follow the general routine and have a lot of whimsy. Treat special talents with special policies, don’t seek perfection and blame, don’t rank according to seniority, and don’t use a ruler to measure them all.

　　It is necessary to adopt special policies, establish a personnel system and a salary system that adapt to the characteristics of online information, and condense outstanding talents into technical departments, research departments and management departments. It is necessary to establish a talent evaluation mechanism that adapts to the characteristics of online information, with actual ability as the measurement standard, not only academic qualifications, not only papers, but also qualifications, highlighting professionalism, innovation and practicality. It is necessary to establish a flexible incentive mechanism for talents, so that those who have made contributions have a sense of accomplishment and gain. It is necessary to explore the scientific research achievements, intellectual property ownership and benefit distribution mechanism in the field of network information, and formulate special policies on talent shareholding, technology shareholding and taxation. In the flow of talents, it is necessary to break the institutional boundaries so that talents can flow smoothly and orderly among the government, enterprises and think tanks. We can also learn from the advantages of the "revolving door" system abroad.

　　China is one of the countries with the largest resources of scientific and technological talents, but it is also a country with serious brain drain, among which there are many top talents. We should have a global vision in talent selection and make great efforts to introduce high-end talents. With the continuous strengthening of China’s comprehensive national strength, talents from many countries also hope to come to China for development. We should follow the trend, reform the supporting system of talent introduction and build a globally competitive talent system. No matter which country or region, as long as they are excellent talents, they can be used by me. Some enterprises and research institutes have already done this work. I went to some enterprises and research institutes and talked with these talents introduced from abroad. In this regard, we should intensify our efforts to continuously improve our ability to allocate human resources around the world.

　　Comrades! This year is the first year of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, and network security and informatization are the highlights of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period. I hope that comrades will actively participate in the construction of a network power, give full play to the role of entrepreneurs, experts, scholars and technicians in the field of network information, and support them to make greater contributions to the Chinese dream of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

　　Jinan, July 20th (China Youth Daily, Zhongqing Online reporter Xing Ting, correspondent Zheng Chunsun) One year and four months after entering the judicial process, the first air pollution public interest litigation case in China finally ushered in the first-instance judgment.

　　On the morning of July 20th, the Intermediate People’s Court of Dezhou City, Shandong Province publicly pronounced the first-instance judgment on the case of public interest litigation between China Environmental Protection Federation and Dezhou Jinghua Group Zhenhua Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Zhenhua Company") in accordance with the law, and sentenced the defendant Zhenhua Company to compensate 21,983,600 yuan for the loss caused by excessive discharge of pollutants, which was used for the restoration of atmospheric environmental quality in Dezhou City, and publicly apologized to the society in the media above the provincial level; Reject the plaintiff’s other claims of China Environmental Protection Federation.

　　According to reports, this case is the first environmental public interest litigation case against air pollution in China after the introduction of the new environmental protection law. The plaintiff is the China Environmental Protection Federation, an environmental protection organization headed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.

　　"Although there is still a gap between the verdict and our previous assumptions, overall we are quite satisfied." In a telephone interview with China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online reporter, Wei Zhe, deputy director of the Supervision and Litigation Department of the Legal Service Center of China Environmental Protection Federation, said.

　　In Wei Zhe’s view, the case will help promote green production and green transformation of enterprises, and make polluting enterprises bear corresponding civil liabilities.

　　It is understood that Dezhou Intermediate People’s Court accepted the case according to law on March 24, 2015, and announced the acceptance of the case on the 25th of that month. In order to prove the loss caused by the defendant Zhenhua Company’s excessive discharge, in December 2015, China Environmental Protection Federation and the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection entered into a technical consultation contract, entrusting it to identify the amount of public and private property losses caused by Zhenhua Company’s discharge of air pollutants. On June 24 this year, the Dezhou Intermediate People’s Court formed a collegiate bench in accordance with the law to hold a public hearing.

　　Defendant Zhenhua Company was established in 2000, located in Decheng District, Dezhou City, surrounded by residential areas. The court found that the company’s business scope includes power production, flat glass, glass hollow brick, glass deep processing, glass products manufacturing and so on.

　　According to the monitoring of Dezhou Environmental Protection Monitoring Center Station, in November 2013, January, May, June, November 2014, and February 2015, there were excessive emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and smoke dust from Zhenhua Company. In the meantime, Dezhou Environmental Protection Bureau and Shandong Provincial Environmental Protection Department have imposed administrative penalties on Zhenhua Company five times. On March 23, 2015, Dezhou Environmental Protection Bureau ordered Zhenhua Company to stop production and rectification, and stop excessive emission of exhaust pollutants. On March 27th of the same year, all the production lines of Zhenhua Company stopped production, and another new site was selected, and the original factory area was ready to move.

　　In May 2016, the Environmental Risk and Damage Appraisal Research Center of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection made an evaluation opinion based on the evidence obtained by the court that had been cross-examined by both parties. The appraisal conclusion is that the defendant enterprise discharged 255 tons of sulfur dioxide, 589 tons of nitrogen oxides and 19 tons of smoke dust into the air during the appraisal period. The unit governance cost is calculated by RMB 5600/ton, RMB 6800/ton and RMB 3300/ton respectively. The amount of damage to the ecological environment is 3-5 times that of virtual treatment cost. In this report, parameter 5 is taken, and virtual treatment cost is 7.13 million yuan, 20.02 million yuan and 310,000 yuan respectively, totaling 27.46 million yuan.

　　During the trial of the case, Wu Qiong, an expert from the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, appeared in court upon the application of the plaintiff China Environmental Protection Federation and the permission of the court, and gave expert opinions on the atmospheric damage caused by excessive discharge of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and smoke dust, pollutant discharge time, pollutant discharge, unit treatment cost, virtual treatment cost, the determination of compensation amount for ecological damage, and whether the defendant put into operation equipment would have an impact on virtual treatment cost.

　　The court held that the defendant Zhenhua Company was the eligible subject of environmental civil public interest litigation, and the plaintiff China Environmental Protection Federation could request it to bear civil liabilities such as stopping infringement, removing obstruction, eliminating danger, restoring to the original state, compensating losses, and apologizing.

　　The court held that the plaintiff, China Environmental Protection Association, demanded that the defendant Zhenhua Company immediately stop discharging pollutants into the atmosphere beyond the standard and publicly apologize to the public in the provincial and above media. According to the facts ascertained by the court, the defendant Zhenhua Company stopped production on March 27, 2015 and stopped using the original factory area, so it can be concluded that the defendant Zhenhua Company has stopped infringing. Environmental rights and interests have the attribute of public rights and interests. Because the defendant Zhenhua Company discharged pollutants into the atmosphere beyond the standard, it was in danger of causing environmental pollution damage, and its behavior infringed on the spiritual environmental rights and interests of the public, and it should bear the civil liability of apologizing.

　　Regarding the amount of compensation for ecological damage that Zhenhua Company should bear, the plaintiff, China Environmental Protection Federation, entrusted the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection to carry out appraisal and evaluation. Although the relevant appraisal and evaluation report was made by the corresponding agency unilaterally, the evaluation agency has legal qualifications, and the evaluation items are related to the facts to be proved. The evaluation basis has been cross-examined by both the original and the defendant, and the evidence is true, objective and relevant. Moreover, the defendant Zhenhua Company did not adduce evidence to refute the appraisal and evaluation report, and the court held that the report can be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts.

　　According to the relevant regulations, the environmental damage calculated by virtual governance cost method can be used as the basis for compensation for ecological environmental damage. According to the regulations, the amount of ecological damage in the second-class area of ambient air where the defendant Zhenhua Company is located is 3~5 times that of virtual treatment cost, and the court found that the amount of ecological damage was calculated according to 4 times that of virtual treatment cost, that is, 21,983,600 yuan.

　　After the verdict was pronounced, none of the parties verbally indicated whether to appeal, and now the judgment of this case is within the statutory appeal period.