In most people’s cognition, only sallow and emaciated, short stature and skinny bones are malnutrition, while the 2016 Global Nutrition Report released recently believes that malnutrition should also include obesity, diabetes, heart disease, hyperlipidemia and other nutrition-related chronic diseases. Moreover, the global malnutrition problem is particularly serious, which has become the biggest factor causing the global disease burden.

Then, what exactly is malnutrition, why obesity and diabetes are also malnutrition, and how can people correctly supplement nutrition in life? The reporter interviewedYou Xiangmei, Director of Nutrition Department, No.117 Hospital of PLA.

The global malnutrition problem is severe.

According to the 2016 Global Nutrition Report, the global nutrition report conducted research in 129 countries and found that one out of every three people in the world was malnourished.

The World Food and Agriculture Organization reported in 2013 that 923 million people in the world were undernourished in 2007; The World Health Organization reported in 2013 that malnutrition is the leading cause of child death worldwide, accounting for 45% of all child deaths; The Cancer Nutrition and Support Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association reported that the malnutrition rate of cancer patients in China was as high as 67%.

Malnutrition can be divided into two types.

Director You introduced that malnutrition usually refers to malnutrition caused by insufficient intake, malabsorption or excessive loss of nutrients, but it may also include overnutrition caused by overeating or excessive intake of specific nutrients. In other words, malnutrition includes undernutrition and overnutrition.

There are three forms of malnutrition: energy deficiency malnutrition, protein deficiency malnutrition and mixed malnutrition. The causes of malnutrition are improper feeding in infancy; Poor eating habits; Some diseases affect appetite, hinder food digestion and absorption, and increase the consumption of the body.

There are two typical symptoms of malnutrition.

1 emaciation type

Short stature, emaciation, loss of subcutaneous fat, weakness and fatigue in children caused by serious shortage of thermal energy.

2 edema type

It is caused by the serious lack of protein, with edema all over, dry and atrophied skin, fragile hair, loss of appetite, large liver and frequent diarrhea.

Overnutrition is actually another "malnutrition symptom". Due to the improvement of living standards, people tend to choose meat or high-fat food, as well as exquisite and sweet food, and the intake of high-fiber food is too small, which leads to overnutrition.

Why do chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease belong to malnutrition?

Director You explained that people are no longer facing food shortage, but food quality problems. Many people think they are full, but in fact they are in a state of "latent hunger". They lack necessary trace elements, such as iron, vitamin A and iodine, so their health is not good. Many people suffer from diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes due to long-term nutritional imbalance.

Furthermore, many people are getting less and less exercise, but they are eating more and more fast food or processed food, which is often too high in calories and lacks other nutrients.

　　From July 15th to 18th, the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing. The plenary session made strategic arrangements to further comprehensively deepen reform and promote Chinese-style modernization, which aroused widespread concern in the international community. International public opinion generally believes that the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China shows China’s firm determination to continue the reform and opening up, and opens a new chapter in the era of Chinese modernization, which will create new opportunities for world development.

　　Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Zacharova congratulated "China friends" on the success of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. She said, "This meeting has achieved positive results and repercussions. I believe that the relevant decisions of the meeting will contribute to the further development and prosperity of China and the improvement of people’s well-being. As far as Russia is concerned, we have seen good prospects for cooperation. "

　　Zacharova said that China is one of the main driving forces of global economic growth. China’s achievements have driven the growth of global trade, the increase of cross-border investment and the strengthening of international production chains. Russia regards China as a friend and strategic partner, and is committed to further deepening and expanding comprehensive and pragmatic cooperation between Russia and China, making important contributions to the economic and social development of the two countries and maintaining regional and world economic stability.

　　Jin Ping, director of the Institute of International Relations of the Royal Cambodian Institute, said that Chinese modernization has always adhered to the people-centered development thinking, focusing on safeguarding people’s interests and enhancing people’s well-being, and ensuring that development is for the people, development depends on the people, and development results are shared by the people. The determination, depth and influence of China’s reform are unprecedented. The modernization of China’s national governance system and the acceleration of the construction of a new development pattern are unique examples of global development, scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. It is believed that China’s economy will be stronger and more resilient, which is conducive to promoting rapid economic growth, sustainable development and win-win cooperation in the region and the world.

　　"The future and destiny of China is also related to the destiny and future of people all over the world and many nationalities. The development of China has played a leading role in promoting the stability and democratization of the international order, and its influence on the world economy and politics has been expanding. China plays a key role in establishing a new multipolar world. " Jin Ping said, "The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee will jointly build ‘ Belt and Road ’ ‘ Global civilization ’ ‘ Global development ’ ‘ Global security ’ Other major initiatives have injected new kinetic energy to promote world peace, stability, prosperity, connectivity and harmony. "

　　In addition, the Russian Tass news agency, South Africa Independent Media Online, Kenya Broadcasting Corporation, Finland Helsinki Times and Pakistan Today and many other international mainstream media all reported the contents of the meeting and the plenary communique for the first time.

　　In related reports, Russian Tass news agency emphasized the importance and historical position of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and explained in detail the overall objectives put forward by the meeting. The Tass news agency reported that the reform goal set by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee shows China’s firm confidence and determination for future development, and also shows the world the grand blueprint for China’s reform and modernization.

　　Russian newspaper, the official newspaper of the Russian Federation, made a special report on the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with the title of "China Releases New High-quality Development Plan". "Russian newspaper" believes that it can be seen from the communique of the plenary session that comprehensively deepening reform is still the fundamental driving force for promoting Chinese modernization. The overall goal of deepening the reform in an all-round way is to continue to improve and develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The word "reform" that appears many times in the communique refers not only to the adjustment in the economic field, but also to the progress in culture and social governance. In order to achieve the common goal of further deepening the reform in an all-round way, the communique put forward the system deployment. These are all related to the economic system reform, which means that the economic system reform is still the focus, and it also reflects the main starting point of focusing on economic construction. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization, which was deliberated and adopted at this meeting, reflects China’s firm stance of maintaining strategic strength and promoting national development under the unstable international situation.

　　The Russian newspaper Izvestia also made a special report on the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, saying that China is paying more and more attention to the development of "new quality productivity" and actively developing biotechnology, hydrogen energy and quantum computing.

　　Pakistani media highly appreciated the strategic plan of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee to further comprehensively deepen reform and promote Chinese modernization. Pakistan Today, Pakistan Observer and many other mainstream media in Pakistan tracked and reported the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee.

　　Pakistan Today reported that under the complicated international and domestic situation, people from all walks of life in China and the world are paying close attention to the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee with the theme of reform. Mian Ablard, editor-in-chief of Pakistan Today, said that since the reform and opening-up, China has done very well on the road of modernization, which is a world miracle of this era. He also said that the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is an extremely important meeting in China at present, and the strategic deployment made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the meeting is crucial for China to ensure economic growth in the next stage, and it also plays a guiding role in continuously promoting the high-quality construction of the "Belt and Road".

　　Muhammad Asif Nur, a senior Pakistani media person, wrote in several mainstream media that China successfully achieved the annual target of GDP growth of 5% last year. This achievement shows that China’s achievements in economic development have attracted worldwide attention, and China is fully capable of properly coping with various challenges at home and abroad. China’s leadership will adjust its course of action in a timely and prudent manner when necessary, and promote strategic deployment, so that the whole country can better cope with risks and challenges. The focus of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee is to comprehensively deepen reform and promote Chinese modernization. The outcome of the meeting is expected to solve structural problems and promote high-quality development, thus stimulating national economic growth. For decades, the China government has promoted China to show strong economic growth in many fields by implementing various strategic policies. The future prospect of China’s economy is optimistic. At present, China continues to exert its strength in scientific and technological innovation, which will further consolidate its global leading position.

　　Independent Media Online (IOL), a non-mainstream media in South China, continuously reported the relevant contents of the meeting during the meeting, and forwarded the full text to the Bulletin of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

　　Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) forwarded the report of China Global Television Network (CGTN) on July 16th, introducing the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the contents of "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization (Draft)". On July 18th, the media also forwarded the communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

　　The Cameroonian media "Autu Cameroun" website reported on July 15th that the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee focused on important issues such as deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization, which will make plans for China to further deepen reform and promote Chinese modernization in an all-round way.

　　Finland’s Helsinki Times published a report on July 17, saying that the discussion and approval of major policy directions and strategies at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee is crucial to shaping national governance. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attracted global attention, because many countries in the "global south" hoped that China would take major reform measures to create new opportunities in the face of increasing geo-economic tensions. The international community generally believes that the focus of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee is to expand high-level opening-up and promote global development.

　　The newspaper reported that China’s reform and opening up is reflected in various measures and policies formulated for its high-quality development, innovation and coordinated regional development. "Green transformation" is also the cornerstone of China’s industrial policy, which significantly reduces the carbon intensity. In addition, China is committed to openness and cooperation, which is in sharp contrast with the closure and protectionism of some western countries. China has taken firm steps and opened up in an all-round way under the initiative of jointly building the "Belt and Road", which has benefited both China and the international community.

　　(Economic Daily reporter Li Chunhui Wang Tao Shi Puzhen Yang Haiquan Cai Wei)

　　Jinan, July 20th (China Youth Daily, Zhongqing Online reporter Xing Ting, correspondent Zheng Chunsun) One year and four months after entering the judicial process, the first air pollution public interest litigation case in China finally ushered in the first-instance judgment.

　　On the morning of July 20th, the Intermediate People’s Court of Dezhou City, Shandong Province publicly pronounced the first-instance judgment on the case of public interest litigation between China Environmental Protection Federation and Dezhou Jinghua Group Zhenhua Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Zhenhua Company") in accordance with the law, and sentenced the defendant Zhenhua Company to compensate 21,983,600 yuan for the loss caused by excessive discharge of pollutants, which was used for the restoration of atmospheric environmental quality in Dezhou City, and publicly apologized to the society in the media above the provincial level; Reject the plaintiff’s other claims of China Environmental Protection Federation.

　　According to reports, this case is the first environmental public interest litigation case against air pollution in China after the introduction of the new environmental protection law. The plaintiff is the China Environmental Protection Federation, an environmental protection organization headed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.

　　"Although there is still a gap between the verdict and our previous assumptions, overall we are quite satisfied." In a telephone interview with China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online reporter, Wei Zhe, deputy director of the Supervision and Litigation Department of the Legal Service Center of China Environmental Protection Federation, said.

　　In Wei Zhe’s view, the case will help promote green production and green transformation of enterprises, and make polluting enterprises bear corresponding civil liabilities.

　　It is understood that Dezhou Intermediate People’s Court accepted the case according to law on March 24, 2015, and announced the acceptance of the case on the 25th of that month. In order to prove the loss caused by the defendant Zhenhua Company’s excessive discharge, in December 2015, China Environmental Protection Federation and the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection entered into a technical consultation contract, entrusting it to identify the amount of public and private property losses caused by Zhenhua Company’s discharge of air pollutants. On June 24 this year, the Dezhou Intermediate People’s Court formed a collegiate bench in accordance with the law to hold a public hearing.

　　Defendant Zhenhua Company was established in 2000, located in Decheng District, Dezhou City, surrounded by residential areas. The court found that the company’s business scope includes power production, flat glass, glass hollow brick, glass deep processing, glass products manufacturing and so on.

　　According to the monitoring of Dezhou Environmental Protection Monitoring Center Station, in November 2013, January, May, June, November 2014, and February 2015, there were excessive emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and smoke dust from Zhenhua Company. In the meantime, Dezhou Environmental Protection Bureau and Shandong Provincial Environmental Protection Department have imposed administrative penalties on Zhenhua Company five times. On March 23, 2015, Dezhou Environmental Protection Bureau ordered Zhenhua Company to stop production and rectification, and stop excessive emission of exhaust pollutants. On March 27th of the same year, all the production lines of Zhenhua Company stopped production, and another new site was selected, and the original factory area was ready to move.

　　In May 2016, the Environmental Risk and Damage Appraisal Research Center of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection made an evaluation opinion based on the evidence obtained by the court that had been cross-examined by both parties. The appraisal conclusion is that the defendant enterprise discharged 255 tons of sulfur dioxide, 589 tons of nitrogen oxides and 19 tons of smoke dust into the air during the appraisal period. The unit governance cost is calculated by RMB 5600/ton, RMB 6800/ton and RMB 3300/ton respectively. The amount of damage to the ecological environment is 3-5 times that of virtual treatment cost. In this report, parameter 5 is taken, and virtual treatment cost is 7.13 million yuan, 20.02 million yuan and 310,000 yuan respectively, totaling 27.46 million yuan.

　　During the trial of the case, Wu Qiong, an expert from the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, appeared in court upon the application of the plaintiff China Environmental Protection Federation and the permission of the court, and gave expert opinions on the atmospheric damage caused by excessive discharge of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and smoke dust, pollutant discharge time, pollutant discharge, unit treatment cost, virtual treatment cost, the determination of compensation amount for ecological damage, and whether the defendant put into operation equipment would have an impact on virtual treatment cost.

　　The court held that the defendant Zhenhua Company was the eligible subject of environmental civil public interest litigation, and the plaintiff China Environmental Protection Federation could request it to bear civil liabilities such as stopping infringement, removing obstruction, eliminating danger, restoring to the original state, compensating losses, and apologizing.

　　The court held that the plaintiff, China Environmental Protection Association, demanded that the defendant Zhenhua Company immediately stop discharging pollutants into the atmosphere beyond the standard and publicly apologize to the public in the provincial and above media. According to the facts ascertained by the court, the defendant Zhenhua Company stopped production on March 27, 2015 and stopped using the original factory area, so it can be concluded that the defendant Zhenhua Company has stopped infringing. Environmental rights and interests have the attribute of public rights and interests. Because the defendant Zhenhua Company discharged pollutants into the atmosphere beyond the standard, it was in danger of causing environmental pollution damage, and its behavior infringed on the spiritual environmental rights and interests of the public, and it should bear the civil liability of apologizing.

　　Regarding the amount of compensation for ecological damage that Zhenhua Company should bear, the plaintiff, China Environmental Protection Federation, entrusted the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection to carry out appraisal and evaluation. Although the relevant appraisal and evaluation report was made by the corresponding agency unilaterally, the evaluation agency has legal qualifications, and the evaluation items are related to the facts to be proved. The evaluation basis has been cross-examined by both the original and the defendant, and the evidence is true, objective and relevant. Moreover, the defendant Zhenhua Company did not adduce evidence to refute the appraisal and evaluation report, and the court held that the report can be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts.

　　According to the relevant regulations, the environmental damage calculated by virtual governance cost method can be used as the basis for compensation for ecological environmental damage. According to the regulations, the amount of ecological damage in the second-class area of ambient air where the defendant Zhenhua Company is located is 3~5 times that of virtual treatment cost, and the court found that the amount of ecological damage was calculated according to 4 times that of virtual treatment cost, that is, 21,983,600 yuan.

　　After the verdict was pronounced, none of the parties verbally indicated whether to appeal, and now the judgment of this case is within the statutory appeal period.