The windward slope of the Himalayas is the place with the most precipitation in the world. The annual precipitation exceeds 10,000 mm, which is about 10 meters. And to the north of the Himalayas, the whole place is barren and completely desert.

Many people are thinking, if I blow a big hole in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or the Himalayas and put water vapor in it, will the climate of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the whole northwest change fundamentally and become a land of plenty?

Text | Wei Ke Associate Research Fellow lasg

This article was reprinted from WeChat WeChat official account "Yi Xi Club" (ID: yixiclub). The original article was first published on June 7, 2021. The original title was "If we blow a big hole in the Himalayas, will the whole northwest become a land of fish and rice?" | Wei Ke’s 771st Speaker does not represent the viewpoint of a think tank.

Why is the northwest unusually dry?

Hello, I’m Wei Ke, from lasg. The Institute of Atmospheric Physics was formerly the Institute of Meteorology, Academia Sinica during the Republic of China, and its first director was Mr. Zhu Kezhen, so the research on climate in China has a history of more than 90 years since then.

Our institute of atmospheric physics has an observation station in the Gobi desert, which is about 200 kilometers away from Dunhuang city. It is very dry around this observation station, as it was a few days ago.

On May 24th, this observatory in Gobi ushered in the nth sandstorm this year, where n is a relatively large number.

If the wind speed will decrease a little in a few days and wait until summer, then it is likely to be like this.

As you can see, whether it’s spring or summer, no matter how full of green is in our eastern region,This place seems to be deserted forever, very, very dry.

Let me make some comparisons here. For example, as many of us know, Yan ‘an and Yulin are above the Loess Plateau and seem to be relatively dry areas. But in fact, from the annual average precipitation, we can see that the upper left picture shows the precipitation in Yan’ an, with an annual average of more than 500 mm. The average annual precipitation in Beijing is close to 600 mm, so Yan ‘an is not much different from Beijing.

But when we compare it, we know that the annual precipitation in Dunhuang is about 40 mm, which is less than one day’s precipitation in the eastern region. It is normal for a rainstorm in the eastern region to reach 100 mm. Take a look again. Yinchuan is 193mm, Xining is 387mm and Urumqi is 270mm. These places are very dry.

Recently, some people may have seen a news that the Mu Us Desert in northern Shaanxi seems to be disappearing soon. But in fact, the average annual precipitation in places like Maowusu is close to 400 mm, and ecological restoration in those places is possible.The annual precipitation in Dunhuang is less than 50 mm, so it is basically impossible to turn these places into a place of full of green.

If you want to know the climate of China, it is actually very simple. You can basically divide China into two parts by drawing a line from the northeast to the southwest.

Southeast China is a land of plenty, with a large population, active economy and a lot of precipitation. The whole northwest region is relatively dry, and its economic activity is not as good as that of the eastern region. This is a very typical climate dividing line.This climatic dividing line is often called "Hu Huanyong Line", which basically runs along the dividing line with an average annual precipitation of 400 mm..

If we push the dividing line further west, we will find that there is an area where the average annual precipitation does not exceed 200 mm at most, which is in this orange area.

▲ Average annual precipitation

Comparing the precipitation in South China, the average annual precipitation can often reach 1600 mm, which is very large.

It’s just that there is little precipitation. The evaporation in this place is very large.There is basically no cloudy weather all year round, and the sun is direct, which is very suitable for evaporation, so the annual evaporation is very large, basically above 1000 mm.

▲ Annual potential evaporation

In Dunhuang and other places I circled in red, the evaporation is even close to 2000 mm. Then let’s think about the balance of water-the precipitation is 200 mm, but it is possible to evaporate 2000 mm. It is strange that this place is not dry.

Why is this place so dry? In fact, the reason is very simple.Geographically, this place is inland and lacks water vapor. Water vapor comes from the ocean, but it is very far from any ocean.

If we want to find a place on the earth, which is the farthest from the ocean, I guess it must be in the northwest. Whether it is from the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Indian Ocean in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the west or the Arctic Ocean in the north, it is very far away. So even if there is water vapor flow and atmospheric circulation, it can’t come in the middle.

We made such a numerical simulation. If there is only land, but there is no Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, no Pamirs Plateau and no barrier of these landforms, the simulated climate is the same, and there is very little precipitation in Central Asia.

This arrow represents the wind direction, which means the direction of water vapor transportation. We don’t think the water vapor from the Indian Ocean will go directly to the north, but it will turn east when it walks and turn to the eastern part of our country.

Another reason, we call it the foehn effect in meteorology.The distribution of water vapor on the earth satisfies relatively simple physical laws, which we call Clabolon-Clausius equation. The higher the temperature, the closer it is to the ground, the more water vapor can be contained in the air. The lower the temperature and the higher the distance from the ground, the lower the water vapor content in the atmosphere.

If there is a mountain, on the windward side of the mountain, the wind comes with water vapor and then climbs gradually. In the process of climbing, the temperature of the air gradually decreases, and soon it will condense to form rainfall, and then precipitation will form on the windward slope.

Because the water has been lowered in the process of climbing the mountain, it becomes dry air after climbing the mountain. So we can see that,In the windward slope, it is generally very humid, while in the leeward slope, dry and hot valleys often form.

The whole northwest of China is surrounded by mountains.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the south, the Pamirs and Tianshan Mountains in the west, and the mountains in the north. The east is very, very far from the sea, so if there is airflow over the mountains, no matter where you come from, it will definitely dry up there.

If the air flows from the Indian Ocean to the northwest, then you can think about which mountains it will cross-Himalayas, Gangdise Mountains, Tanggula Mountains and Karakorum Mountains. This series of mountains is turned over, and each mountain is like a dehydrator.

The airflow rushed directly to the height of more than 6,000 meters in the sky, and it was continuously dehydrated during the mountain climbing. The remaining water vapor continued to take off when passing through the next mountain range until it reached the northwest, and it became very dry, and no water vapor could fall down.

On the other hand, there is the role of atmospheric circulation.. If our land and sea distribution does not change, one side is Eurasia, the other side is the Pacific Ocean, and the south is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, at this time, a high pressure center will definitely form in the high altitude of this place in the northwest, just like the dark area I gave in the picture.

Where the high pressure area is located, the air sinks, and when it sinks, it will easily make the clouds dissipate, and the sinking will form a warming.So even if there is a little cloud in that place, it will dissipate in the process of sinking and become cloudless weather. Therefore, the northwest region is basically the region with the strongest solar radiation and the richest solar energy resources in our country.

Then these points are combined, far away from the ocean, deep inland and surrounded by mountains-the foehn effect after the formation of mountains makes this place very dry.

Let’s compare. This picture is along the north and south of the Himalayas. We can see that in the south of the Himalayas, it is a green country. The whole Indochina Peninsula, as well as South Asia, is very humid and the precipitation is very high.

▲ North and South Himalayas

The windward slope of the Himalayas is the place with the most precipitation in the world. The annual precipitation exceeds 10,000 mm, which is about 10 meters.And to the north of the Himalayas, the whole place is barren and completely desert.

In addition, if you look at the contrast between the north and the south of Tianshan Mountain, you can see that it is humid on the windward side of Tianshan Mountain, but it is very dry and deserted on the leeward side.

▲ North and South Tianshan Mountains

If we match the terrain and precipitation in the whole country, we can see that,The precipitation in the eastern part of our country comes from the Pacific Ocean. In the process of westward advancement, the water vapor in the Pacific Ocean first forms precipitation in Nanling, Lingnan and the area south of Wuyishan in South China.. The average annual precipitation in these places can reach 1600 mm.

After dehydration of a series of ups and downs in Nanling and Wuyishan,In the Yangtze river basin, the average annual precipitation will drop to 1000 ~ 1200mm.. These mountains in Nanling are not particularly high, only a few hundred meters at the highest, so this dehydration effect can be achieved.

Then when we go west from the first step to the second step of our country, we have to cross Wushan, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Taihang Mountains. After this series of mountain dehydration,In places like Shaanxi and Shanxi, the average annual precipitation drops to 500-700 mm.

Note that even when the precipitation drops to 500 and 700 in this place, we haven’t encountered a particularly decent mountain. For example, Huashan Mountain, the highest mountain in the Five Mountains, is only over 2,000 meters above sea level, which is less than halfway up the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, because the average ground height of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is above 4,500 meters. You can imagine how dry this water vapor will become when it goes west and passes through a series of mountains.

one

How long is the history of drought in northwest China?

Northwest China is not so dry just now. If we look at the history of northwest China, we will know that the dry history of this place is very long. We know that there are coal and oil in many places in Xinjiang, which shows that the ecological conditions in this place were very good before, and there may have been forests and lake bottoms.

In fact, this place is a place called the Deputy Tethys Sea in history. This sea has gradually shrunk and become the present Mediterranean, while the western region has gradually retreated from the coastal area to the inland area.

When that place becomes dry, the wind will scrape out the soil on the ground and then fall down in other places, forming the loess plateau with a very large area in our country. Therefore, by investigating the history of the Loess Plateau, we can know how long the history of drought in northwest China is.According to the current research, the Loess Plateau has a history of about 22 million years, so the drought in the northwest has such a long history.

With the uplift of the Himalayas and the uplift of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the whole northwest has become drier. Some numerical simulations made by scientists confirm this process.

For example, if we assume that there is only land, but there is no Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the whole Pamirs, we will gradually increase the altitude, the scale of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will gradually increase, and the altitude will gradually increase, and the height is only 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the current height. Then we will simulate its climate.

It is found that during the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the precipitation in Central Asia and northwest China depicted by the red circle is gradually decreasing, while the precipitation in the southern region is gradually increasing. That is to say, that place is already in the inland area, which is very dry, and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has reduced the precipitation in that place and made it drier.

2

Blow a big hole in the Himalayas

So many people are thinking,If I blow a big hole in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or the Himalayas and put water vapor in it, will the climate of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the whole northwest change fundamentally and become a land of plenty?

In fact, scientists have thought about this idea. In a speech recorded by Mr. Li Ruihuan in 1995, it was mentioned that some scientists also mentioned this idea, including Mr. Qian Xuesen and Mr. Qian Sanqiang.

The scientific community has had a serious discussion on this topic.Although the Himalayas is a long mountain range, it actually has many mountain passes and many small openings, one of which is the entire Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, which looks like this.

▲ Natural water vapor channel-Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon

The Yarlung Zangbo River flows from west to east, turns through the Grand Canyon, and then flows south and out of the border.

This is a natural incision.Can this cut bring about a better climate in the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau? The answer is no.

Even if there is such a hole, it has not brought about fundamental climate change in the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The only influence is that there are many towering snow-capped mountains on both sides of the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, and the scale and number of snow-capped mountains are more than those in other places.

Many people may say that this cut in the canyon looks a little small, and we want to make a bigger one. Then if you open your mouth a little wider, will it fundamentally change the climate? Scientists have done some numerical simulations about this problem. We simulated a big hole-about 1000 kilometers wide, 1000 kilometers wide, and driving from Beijing is almost to Wuhan; It is about 1000 meters deep.

The result is that after opening such a hole, there will be some increase in precipitation in the southern and central areas of this hole, but the precipitation in the northern part of this hole will decrease.

The reason is very simple. After the opening, the dry air from the north will go south along the opening and meet the air from the south in the opening, thus increasing some precipitation in the southern and central regions, while the precipitation in the northern region will decrease due to the influence of the dry air. This does not seem to bring more water resources to the whole northwest region.

Then someone may have said, can you drive a little deeper? It seems that you have only dug 4000 meters. Can you dig further? OK, our researchers have done some numerical simulations.

If an incision is made, it is 300 kilometers wide, as far as driving from Beijing to Shijiazhuang, and the depth reaches zero meters above sea level, that is, it is as deep as the sea level. From the Bay of Bengal, whether Bangladesh agrees or not, Nepal agrees or not, no matter what, it will push all the way from the seaside there to dig through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The simulation results are basically similar to the previous results, with precipitation increasing in the southern part of the passage and still decreasing in the northern part.The reason is simple: dry air from the north came in. Then this gives us a revelation: we may shake mountains easily, but it is difficult to shake the whole atmospheric circulation, and the whole circulation will not change fundamentally.

The reason why Kaizi can’t change the climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northwest China is that even if such a hole is opened, it can’t change the root cause of drought in northwest China.First, it is far from any ocean; Second, the mountains are all around, and any airflow over the mountains will sink, which will form a warming, and the warming will become very dry.

There is another point. Even if there are no mountains, as long as there is a normal distribution of land and sea in Eurasia and the Pacific Ocean, a high-pressure area will be formed in this place, and the high-pressure area is a sinking airflow.

Last year, we wrote some popular science articles in Voice of Chinese Academy of Sciences, discussing with you why the proposal of Himalayan mountain mouth is not reliable. At this time, many people contacted us and said that you might have opened your mouth in a wrong position. It is said that the water vapor in the northwest of China does not come from the south, does not pass through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but passes through the Pamirs from the west. So you shouldn’t open your mouth in the south, you should open it in the west, and make a big hole in the Pamirs, which may make the northwest moist.

And opening from the west has many advantages over opening from the south, one of which is opening in our country.

Why? There is an Ili Valley area in the northwest of our country, which is basically the area with the best environment in the northwest. We can see from this picture that it is a trumpet-shaped terrain, which opens to the west, allowing water vapor from the west to come in, and then gradually gathers along this trumpet-shaped mouth to form precipitation here.Because the mountains over there are very high, they not only converge, but also rise, forming a very good ecological environment and climate environment in the Ili Valley.

The average annual precipitation here can reach about 400 ~ 500mm, and even 600mm in some places, and there are 50mm and 100mm precipitation around, which is simply a paradise.

The opening they said is at this intersection. Open the middle place. In fact, let’s zoom in and have a look. Central Asia is very far away from the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and so on, so there are already many deserts in West Asia itself. For example, the west side of the five Central Asian countries is the famous red desert and black desert. These arid areas.

The reason why Central Asia can form a little wet place is that the five Central Asian countries near China are windward slopes of Pamirs, and the terrain of this place rises directly from one or two kilometers above sea level to four or five kilometers, with very steep terrain uplift.

In the process of this uplift, even if the air is unusually dry, it can form some precipitation after such a large altitude change and strong dehydration. Therefore, the capitals of the five Central Asian countries are basically located at the bottom of the windward slope, and the environment is not bad.

If we shovel the whole Pamirs, the windward slope here will disappear. As long as the windward slope disappears, the precipitation in this place will disappear, so it is very likely that the rare wet areas of the five Central Asian countries will all disappear and Central Asia will become a desert.

Even if water vapor enters China, we will find that our place is a basin, with Junggar Basin in the north and Tarim Basin in the south. The elevations of both basins are lower than those around. The average elevation of Tarim Basin is 1,100 meters, while the average elevation of Junggar Basin is only over 600 meters.

You removed the windward slope over there, and after the water vapor came over, you still had to cross a low highland, and then it sank. You destroyed other people’s climate and there was still no precipitation in your place.Because it is still affected by the foehn, it will not change the climate here.

In fact, scientists have done some other numerical simulations. For example, in this picture, if there is no terrain, there is no Qinghai-Tibet high, there is no Pamirs, there are no Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains, and there are no mountains. As a result of the simulation, we can see that this white area is an arid area, and this place in northwest Central Asia, including Mongolia, is a very arid area.

▲ Zhang Ran et al., 2016, Quaternary research.

three

Is it getting warm and wet in the northwest?

Since last year, the topic of northwest becoming warm and humid has been brought up again. Some people say that our northwest has become more humid, and this place will soon become like the Tang Dynasty. If we go further, we will catch up with the Zhou Dynasty, and our whole northwest will become a relatively humid place.

We can see that these big media, Xinhua News Agency, Global Times, and especially Global Times, use this headline-"The real event, the cold and arid northwest is getting warmer and wetter". Everyone suddenly had an illusory idea, as if the ecology of northwest China had undergone a fundamental change in recent years. According to this change, that place will get better and better.

Many people think it is a new change, but in fact it is an old topic. In 2002 and 2003, scientists have already discussed this topic. The famous geographer Mr. Shi Yafeng has analyzed some changes that have taken place in the northwest. In some places, precipitation has increased slightly, and the amount of water in lakes has increased in some places. In some places, there will be some seasonal floods and so on.He pointed out the fundamental problem, that is, the climate in northwest China has its own limitations, so it is not appropriate to exaggerate its role.

We also made some analysis on the specific changes.The reason why many people think that the northwest is becoming humid is because they have observed an increase in precipitation in the northwest.. For example, the picture at the top left shows the annual precipitation changes from the 1960s to the present. The dark line curve shows its trend, and we can see that the precipitation has indeed increased in the past so many years.

In the past, the average precipitation was about 100 mm, and it increased to about 120 mm, which is a great increase.

However, we noticed that during this period, the temperature in the northwest increased faster than that in other parts of the world because of the global temperature increase. The picture on the upper right shows that the temperature in the northwest is increasing, and the increasing speed is two to three times faster than that in the eastern part of China.

The increase in temperature has brought about a great change, that is, the potential evaporation is also increasing rapidly.The increase of potential evaporation is greater than that of precipitation. This means that with the increase of precipitation, this place will become even drier.

Let’s look at the change of relative humidity in the picture at the bottom right: from 1980s to 1990s, the relative humidity in that place increased because of the increase of precipitation. However, from the 1990s to the present, because of the increase of temperature and potential evaporation, the relative humidity in that place has gradually decreased and become drier.

This is the drought index we analyzed. Red means getting drier, blue means getting wetter, and the bigger the red dot, the more serious the drought is. We see that among so many observation stations in the northwest, only one station has been slightly wetted, and all other stations have become drier.

Let’s compare the dry and wet changes in other different areas. If this dry and wet index is positive, it means that this place is getting drier and drier. We see that the dry-wet index of Tarim Basin has always maintained a relatively high value, about 1000, which means that the evaporation in this place is more than 1000 mm than the precipitation, and this value is still increasing, and this trend has been going up.

Hetao area is also a dry area, and its value is also positive, and it has been rising and becoming drier. The only place in the source region of the Yellow River seems to have a slight trend of drought relief, but this trend is not particularly obvious.

Let’s compare the changes between drought and humidity in our country. This shaded area indicates that these areas are becoming more arid. From H to SH, it means from humid to semi-humid, from SH to SA means from semi-humid to semi-arid, and from SA to A means from semi-arid to drought.

We see that in the northern part of our country, from the whole northeast to north China, and to the eastern part of the northwest, a large range of local droughts are still developing, and the droughts in these places have become more serious.Therefore, we can’t be optimistic that some areas in the northwest have increased precipitation and improved ecology, so we think that we seem to have entered the next stage, and the northwest seems to be getting wet.

In fact, our country as a whole is experiencing the development of drought, so we should deeply understand what the ecological environment changes in different places are because of. Many places, including northern Shaanxi and Hetao areas, including the Mu Us Desert, have enough precipitation, which is generally close to 400 mm, or more than 400 mm. As long as people don’t destroy it, the ecology in these places will gradually recover. Therefore, our various measures of returning farmland to forests and grasslands will change the ecology of that place.

However, if the precipitation in the northwest is 200 mm, it can’t be restored by returning farmland to forests and grasslands. The precipitation in that place is not enough to support the growth of trees or decent grass. It is a desert.

In other places, the mountains have become wetter, and more trees will be seen on the top of the mountain, or grass will flourish. This is probably because the glaciers on the mountains have melted.The melting of glaciers is due to global warming, which is not a good thing, but a sign of the decline of the whole ecosystem. What you see is that the place turns green, but what is actually hidden is a bigger crisis.

One more thing, the increase of precipitation in some places in northwest China is not like "spring rain moistens like oil", but in the form of heavy rain, two heavy rains suddenly, and then this year’s precipitation ended, so it not only did not alleviate the drought, but brought floods.

Like Dunhuang in July last year, where the annual precipitation was less than 40 mm, two rainstorms closed the Mogao Grottoes for several days, and the impact on this place was not positive.

The whole northwest is so dry, we told you the reasons and the changes in recent years. Some people may feel desperate, and that place seems to have no hope of change.

This is definitely not the case. This place is full of hope.We can change its ecology in various ways.For example, even in such a arid area of Xinjiang, the agricultural irrigation in many places is like the one on the left. The water from the snow-capped mountains is flooded, and a canal brings in the water from one end and comes out from the other, and the land is watered.

However, the way of flood irrigation is very wasteful, and it will be completely sunburned in two days, because the evaporation in that place is very large. There are a lot of water resources from snow-capped mountains in these places, and it would be a great waste if this way is adopted.

We all know that many melons and fruits in the northwest are very good, just because the environment there is enough to produce such an effect. To develop agriculture, if we can improve the whole water-saving irrigation technology, such as the application of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, and strengthen the investment in this part of agriculture, this place will definitely change a lot.

There are still many people who think that there seems to be no vitality in the desert in the northwest. In fact, if the water resources in that place can be used reasonably, it can also glow with certain vitality in this place.

This photo is the scene in the desert that I took around the observatory mentioned at the beginning. We still found many small plants growing in the desert, and that place is not barren.

This little video shows that butterflies are still flying in the very arid Gobi Desert, so this place hides a lot of vitality and has its own ecosystem.Therefore, for such a very fragile area, our protection is the first, and development is the second.

Original title: "If you blow a big hole in the Himalayas, will the northwest become a land of fish and rice?" 》

Read the original text

Inventory is an unavoidable problem for e-commerce companies, and it is also the life door for e-commerce companies. Problems in supply chain management are often reflected in inventory, either too much inventory leads to slow sales or too little inventory leads to out of stock.

Inventory management, as its name implies, is to manage the quantity of goods. In general, we can divide it into sales inventory and warehouse inventory.

Sales inventory can also be called foreground inventory, which is the inventory quantity facing the user’s latitude.

Warehouse inventory, which can also be called background inventory, is the inventory quantity oriented to warehouse latitude.

Sales inventory and warehouse inventory, the specific details of which we will introduce in later articles.

The most important behaviors that affect warehouse inventory are warehousing and warehousing.

Warehousing refers to how many commodities have been added, such as purchase warehousing, return warehousing, transfer warehousing, production warehousing, inventory warehousing and other warehousing.

Issue refers to how many commodities have been reduced. Common issues include sales issue, purchase return issue, transfer issue, inventory loss issue and other issues.

In order to better explain the contents of goods in and out of the warehouse (inventory management), according to the process, we will first introduce the basic business in the warehouse, including location introduction, allocation business and inventory business.

In order to better manage the goods, warehouses are generally divided into one cargo space. In this way, every time the goods are put into storage, they will be associated with a location, and when the goods are put out of storage, the location of the goods will be associated with the sorting list, so that the warehouse staff can find the location of the goods quickly and efficiently when distributing the goods.

Here is a way to allocate the cargo space, which also provides an idea:

The above picture is a simple plan of the distribution area, which can be divided into several rows. Each row is named A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, and each row has many shelves. Combined with the naming of each row, we name each shelf A01, A02, A03, A04, A05 and A06.

The above picture shows a simple shelf. This shelf is named A01, which can be divided into four floors. Each floor is named A01-1, A01-2, A01-3 and A01-4. For each cargo space, we name it A01-1-01, A01-1-02 and A01-1-03.

(1) List of cargo positions

The prototype is relatively simple, so I don’t need to describe it too much here. It is just a configuration page and a display list page, which contains the most basic information such as warehouse, location and status.

Transfer is mainly used to adjust the inventory quantity in the warehouse. Putting the right goods in the right warehouse/location can be divided into intra-warehouse transfer and inter-warehouse transfer.

Intra-warehouse transfer: it can also be called location inventory transfer, which is generally the adjustment of the internal inventory of the warehouse. For example, the goods are transferred from the goods with sufficient inventory to the goods with insufficient inventory, which is convenient for picking goods and managing the inventory of the goods.

Inter-warehouse transfer: it can also be called warehouse inventory transfer, which is generally the adjustment of inventory between warehouses. For example, goods are transferred from Hangzhou warehouse to Shanghai warehouse.

The flow of transfer business mainly revolves around the transfer of transfer documents, involving business personnel, transfer-out warehouse and transfer-in warehouse, from the creation of transfer documents by business personnel to the creation of transfer issue documents by transfer information transfer to transfer-out warehouse, and then to the creation of transfer receipt documents by transfer information transfer to transfer-in warehouse.

(1) business personnel, according to the actual demand to create a transfer form, and submit it for approval.

(2) Relevant personnel review the transfer form. If the review fails, they need to re-edit and submit it.

(3) Transfer out the warehouse, and create a transfer issue document according to the approved transfer document. Of course, the transfer issue document can also select one or several commodities in the transfer document according to the actual situation, and fill in the actual issue quantity.

(4) Transfer to the warehouse, create a transfer receipt document according to the transfer document and the issue document, and do the warehousing operation according to the actual situation.

(5) Expenses incurred in the process of financial settlement and allocation

(1) Transfer billing

Transfer billing is the first step of transfer business in the system. First, you need to select the most basic transfer-out warehouse and transfer-in warehouse, and then select the goods that need to be transferred, and the goods will reach sku latitude. The system will calculate the quantity of goods that can be transferred according to the rules (the specific calculation method of the quantity that can be transferred will be introduced later when we introduce the inventory details), maintain the actual quantity of goods transferred this time, and select the transfer-in location (the transfer-in location will read the location information of the corresponding warehouse according to the basic information).

(2) Transfer Sheet Management

All transfer documents are displayed here. Transfer documents need to be approved here before subsequent transfer-out and transfer-in operations can be carried out.

Status of transfer document:

• Being Edited: equivalent to the draft status, the transfer document can be modified and then submitted for approval.
• Canceled: the document is cancelled, which means the document has been voided.
• Pending approval: the transfer application has been submitted, but it has not been approved.
• Approved: the transfer application has passed, and you can issue it.
• Pending issue: the transfer issue document has been generated, but it has not been approved.
• Partial issue: some goods in the transfer document have been issued.
• Issued: all goods in the transfer document have been issued.
• Pending receipt: the transfer receipt document has been generated, but it has not been approved.
• Partial receipt: some goods in the transfer document have been received.
• Completed: all the goods in the transfer document have been received.

Inventory refers to the total or partial inventory of the physical inventory in the warehouse, so as to truly grasp the goods status during the period, and thus improve and strengthen management.

General invoicing systems provide strict warehousing management, so theoretically, the inventory quantity of the system is consistent with the actual inventory quantity of the warehouse. However, in actual operation, it is inevitable that there will be mistakes and omissions in delivery, or that the process will not be followed. At this time, there will be a mismatch between the theoretical inventory and the actual inventory in the warehouse.

After counting, if the actual inventory data is inconsistent with the theoretical inventory data, an inventory gain receipt document and an inventory loss issue document will be automatically generated to adjust the inventory quantity. Regular inventory not only ensures the accuracy of inventory data, avoids oversold and other phenomena, but also can grasp the problems in inventory operation in time.

Regular inventory not only ensures the accuracy of inventory data, but also can grasp the problems in inventory operation in time and avoid oversold. After counting, if the inventory data are inconsistent, an inventory profit and loss sheet will be generated. The seller can check the inventory changes in the inventory management interface or check the inventory ledger to check what links caused the inventory inaccuracy.

The business mainly focuses on the circulation of inventory sheets, starting from the creation of inventory sheets by business parties, entering inventory, and automatically generating inventory gain receipt documents and inventory loss issue documents to correct the inventory after the inventory is completed.

(1) business personnel, according to the actual demand to create inventory list, and submit it for review.

(2) Relevant personnel shall review the inventory list. If the review fails, it needs to be re-edited and submitted.

(3) the warehouse personnel, according to the inventory list for inventory entry of goods, enter the actual inventory quantity.

(4) According to the comparison between the counting quantity and the inventory quantity, an inventory gain receipt document and an inventory loss issue document are generated.

(5) Relevant personnel review the inventory gain receipt document and inventory loss issue document (if the inventory document personnel are the reviewers, they can be directly approved by default), so as to correct the inventory.

(1) Inventory billing

Inventory billing is the first step of inventory operation, and our inventory process starts here. Inventory billing is mainly used to select inventory warehouse, inventory goods and other information. After clicking Save/Submit for approval, inventory sheets can be generated, and the generated inventory documents can be displayed in the inventory sheet management interface.

(2) Inventory sheet management

It is mainly used to query and manage the inventory list, where we can review the inventory list, enter the inventory and other operations.

Inventory sheet status:

• Being Edited: equivalent to the draft status, the inventory list can be modified and then submitted for approval.
• Canceled: the document is cancelled, which means the document has been voided.
• Pending approval: the inventory application has been submitted, but it has not been approved.
• To be counted: the counting application has been approved, but it has not been entered yet. You can enter the counting sheet.
• Completed: the inventory entry is completed and the inventory is finished.

(3) Inventory entry

This is mainly used to enter the real quantity of goods in the inventory list. After the inventory is completed, the business personnel fill in the actual inventory quantity. After saving, the inventory entry process is completed, and the system will follow the new and original inventory data. If the input quantity is inconsistent with the inventory quantity, the system will automatically generate an inventory gain receipt document and an inventory loss issue document.

This paper mainly introduces the basic business in the warehouse, including location introduction, transfer business and inventory counting business. The following articles will introduce the warehousing management and warehousing management that directly affect inventory data. Finally, the details of sales inventory for user latitude and warehouse inventory for warehouse latitude will be introduced as a whole. Welcome all interested parties to communicate together.

E-commerce back-office system: account management in the management back-office (1)

E-commerce background system: managing the security, menu and notification management of background articles (2)

E-commerce back-office system: management of back-office procurement management (executive layer)

　

Author: Nonsense, WeChat WeChat official account: dianshanghoutai.

This article was originally published by @ nonsense. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

　　(Reporter He Yajia) Jay Chou said that she wants to be a father as soon as possible after marriage and have five children. Hannah Quinlivan smiled and said that he was afraid of pain. Please have a look. In two days, Hannah Quinlivan, who is only 21 years old, will officially become Mrs. Zhou. Her face is always filled with a happy smile. In fact, it is not easy to be the woman behind Jay Chou. Hannah Quinlivan, who is clever in character, refrained, and finally faithful wife staged a real version of the sparrow turning into a phoenix.

　　stages in germination

　　When I first met each other, the working girl in Chaodian met a big star.

　　Born in 1993, Hannah Quinlivan, whose real name is Wu Yiqin, is a mixed-race child of China, Australia and Korea, and 14 years younger than Jay Chou. In 2008, Hannah Quinlivan once appeared in the "Dream Girl" unit of "Let me guess, let me guess", and then she was admitted to the new recruitment meeting held by "I Love the Black Sewing Club", officially making her debut in the entertainment circle and becoming one of the members of the program.

　　Later, through a friend’s introduction, Hannah Quinlivan worked part-time in PHANTACi, a trendy clothing store invested in Jay Chou, so he got to know Jiang Xianwei, one of the shareholders. Coincidentally, Jiang Xianwei was Jay Chou’s classmate. Jiang Xianwei thought the girl was simple and lovely, so he introduced her to Jay Chou at a dinner party. Jay Chou saw her beauty and intelligence and introduced her to learn piano, so they became familiar with each other.

　　In 2011

　　In January, 2011, Jay Chou hosted the director of The Green Hornet to Taiwan Province for publicity, and even held a party at Primo, a nightclub of his friend Huang Licheng. At this time, Hannah Quinlivan, who was under the age of 18 and invincible in youth, sneaked into the crowd wearing a black leather coat and a mini skirt, squeezed into Jay Chou’s box and reveled with everyone until the early hours of the morning, and then they left. Jay Chou, who has always kept a low profile on emotional affairs, specially arranged the white car of Jewel Music Company under her name to Hannah Quinlivan as a "love shuttle bus" that night, so that the relationship began to be traced.

　　According to friends in Hannah Quinlivan, Hannah Quinlivan has changed a lot for Jay Chou. Brokerage companies organize dinners, and Hannah Quinlivan has rarely participated. Hannah Quinlivan always wanted to get a tattoo before, but Jay Chou didn’t like girls having tattoos. Hannah Quinlivan hesitated to ask his friend’s opinion. The friend said, "If your boyfriend is young, it should be OK, but he won’t like it when he is old." And Hannah Quinlivan’s answer seems to mean something: "Then he should not agree." So I gave up the idea of tattooing.

　　Although Hannah Quinlivan is young, her endurance is really great. Since she fell in love with Jay Chou, she kept her mouth shut, and whenever she heard about Jay Chou, her face was stiff and she avoided talking. She kept a low profile and kept her mouth shut far better than previous "J girls". One of the important reasons why Jay Chou broke up with his ex-girlfriend Patty Hou was that Jay Chou was so famous that Patty Hou always had to endure and wait, and suffered a lot of grievances. Often, you have to wait two or three hours for a meal. When you find a paparazzi Jay Chou, you have to leave in a hurry and leave Patty Hou alone. You even have to bring many friends to dinner for fear of being exposed. The same situation, meet different people, the result is different, Hannah Quinlivan seems to care nothing about these, silently willing to be the invisible man behind Jay Chou.

　　In 2011

　　In May, 2011, Jay Chou was in Malaysia to catch up with the movie "The War Against Japan", and Hannah Quinlivan and Zhou Ma appeared to visit the class. However, at that time, the relationship between the two had not been reported much, and Jay Chou always kept a distance from the half-blood beauty. Hannah Quinlivan stayed with Zhou’s mother on the set for only one hour, while Jay Chou was busy filming for several days in Malaysia, while Hannah Quinlivan was in charge of accompanying Zhou’s mother. The romance is heating up, and there are more and more rumors from the outside world. Jay Chou has always denied it, and even once shouted to the media: "Let’s take a photo."

　　At 5 o’clock in the afternoon on August 14th, 2011, Jay Chou, wearing a white T-shirt and a black wool hat, braved the high temperature of 33℃ and appeared in Marseille Port, France, and took a boat cruise with Hannah Quinlivan. Is preparing to queue up under the cabin, Jay Chou suddenly stretched out his right hand, gently hug away at the back of Hannah Quinlivan, two people intimacy for a while, until out of the cabin. After disembarking, someone recognized Jay Chou’s identity and went forward to talk to him, which also gave Jay a big fright.

　　In November, under the cover of friends, Jay Chou and Hannah Quinlivan went into Xinxin Xiutai Studios in tandem to watch "Steel Challenge". After the show, in order to avoid paparazzi, Jay Chou also drove a Maserati sports car all the way, which was very dangerous. In December, Jay Chou, wearing a black fur hat and a baseball coat, took Hannah Quinlivan to a famous restaurant in Yangmingshan for a date and dinner, with several friends as light bulbs. After dinner, the two split up and went down the mountain separately. Everything was cautious, and they were afraid that they would be photographed by paparazzi again.

　　On September 25th, Jay Chou and Hannah Quinlivan, who returned to Taiwan Province, went to Tianmu Restaurant for a date and had dinner with Zhou’s mother. Perhaps in order to avoid the eyes of the outside world, Jay Chou deliberately sat with two male friends, and there was not much interaction with Hannah Quinlivan. Hannah Quinlivan, however, mainly focused on Zhou’s mother, and got along well with Zhou’s mother at dinner, chatting happily. In October, Jay Chou took Zhou Ma to visit Harajuku Takeshita in Tokyo, Japan, and naturally brought "Kannika nimtragol" Hannah Quinlivan to accompany her. This is their first visit to Japan.

　　passionately in love

　　Avoid paparazzi, friends are willing to be third wheel escorts.

　　Jay Chou’s close friends were full of praise for Hannah Quinlivan, and warhead once told the media: "A woman who is one of the most powerful men in the world, with her potential and kindness, is easier to find, simple and clever, and is a man’s dream wife candidate." Perhaps because of this, during the love affair between Jay Chou and Hannah Quinlivan, friends were either drivers or third wheels, and they were always careful to protect their relationship around them.

　　In 2012

　　In January 2012, Jay Chou took his mother, Hannah Quinlivan and Kun’s mother to Osaka during the Spring Festival, which was the first time that Jay Chou took their mothers abroad. On Valentine’s Day on February 14th, Jay Chou and his mother Ye Huimei took Hannah Quinlivan to visit the yacht shipyard in Bali, New Taipei City. On the spot, he asked the shipowner to go to sea for trial, and he even grabbed the steering wheel and "sailed without a license". In March, Jay Chou showed up at Taoyuan Airport with Hannah Quinlivan, Zhou Ma and a group of friends, preparing to travel to Bangkok, Thailand, and to explore the scenery for the new film.

　　On March 29th, 2012, Jay accompanied his mother Ye Huimei and his girlfriend Hannah Quinlivan to a famous teppanyaki restaurant in Luodong, Yilan with more than 20 friends. A group of people are enjoying themselves, while Hannah Quinlivan has been taking care of her mother-in-law. Hannah Quinlivan can win the favor of Zhou’s mother, and has been taking care of the elderly with all her heart, which makes her a lot more points than the previous "J girls". Just as mom and Hannah Quinlivan got on the bus and were about to leave, Jay Chou found that the reporter was following her, and her good mood was suddenly broken. Her friends were also quite indignant, and everyone picked up their mobile phones to shoot paparazzi.

　　In 2013

　　On December 25th, 2013, Jay Chou specially took a break from work on Christmas Day, cooking at home and cooking more than ten dishes for dear Hannah Quinlivan. The two of them went shopping together a few days ago and were accidentally photographed by paparazzi. And the tableware that Hannah Quinlivan dried in Weibo was also found by netizens to be exactly the same as the tableware that Jay Chou cooked at Christmas. The two people who are suspected of entering the era of cohabitation have begun to show signs of openness in their treatment of love.

　　Talk about the wedding date

　　Big show love, Prague wedding photos.

　　In 2014

　　In 2014, Jay Chou let go of his romance and even had the idea of getting married. He said more than once at the concert that he saw fans bringing their children to the concert, and he felt that it was time for his life to enter the next stage. In May, 2014, Jay Chou, who finished his concert in Beijing, still took pains to transfer to Tokyo, because Hannah Quinlivan was on vacation with his mother and brother and sister. Jay Chou and Hannah Quinlivan visited the trendy shop during the day, and at night they went to Yoshinoya’s house to buy night snack. They didn’t even wear a mask to hide their eyes and ears, and the interaction was no different from that of ordinary couples.

　　On June 24th, when Jay Chou, who is increasingly interested in romance, attended the Golden Melody International Music Festival in Taipei, she generously admitted that Hannah Quinlivan would become "Mrs. Zhou" before January 2015. At that time, the media was in an uproar, but Jay Chou promised: "I mean what I say". In October, Jay Chou took her mother and Hannah Quinlivan to Europe for more than 10 days, accompanied by Su Yiliang, a photographer who helped Bidai Syulan take wedding photos, and Du Guozhang, a makeup artist, who was accused of secretly taking wedding photos in Prague.

　　Finally, in the early morning of November 17th, Jay Chou took a sweet photo with his girlfriend Hannah Quinlivan through the official Weibo "MRJ Taiwan Province Official". In the photo, Jay Chou wears a leopard coat and leans her head on Hannah Quinlivan’s shoulder. Both of them have a sweet face. In another photo, they lean on a bicycle and their eyes are full of deep love. In addition, Jay Chou wrote through Weibo: "After finishing the concert yesterday, I received many fans’ blessings, hoping that I will be happy. I am very touched to see some of you coming to the concert with your children and your family to share your joy with me. It has been 14 years, and it is my turn to share my joy with you."

　　In 2015

　　Speaking of marriage, Jay Chou said that she always wanted to get married at the age of 35, so that there would not be a big generation gap with children in the future. He knew it was not easy to be his girlfriend, and he had to endure a lot. Once, his old spinal disease recurred, and he was so painful that he couldn’t move in bed. Seeing Hannah Quinlivan who had been taking care of him, Jay Chou felt that the other party was not easy and decided that the other party was the other half he was looking for. As for Hannah Quinlivan, who is only 21 years old, when it comes to getting married, she thinks more about not being too selfish, because Jay Chou is 35 years old, so she is happy to get married early.

　　Regarding their wedding date, Jay Chou and Hannah Quinlivan have been playing Tai Chi all the time. After many twists and turns, they finally revealed to the media that it will be held on January 18th, 2015, that is, Jay Chou’s 36th birthday.