The Development History of Digital China： From ＂Following＂ to ＂Leading＂
From the "follower" of the development of the world Internet to the "leader" of the wave. In the 20th annual meeting of Alibaba, the world Internet giant company with a market value exceeding 400 billion dollars summed up its 20-year development.
Coincidentally, if the perspective is enlarged, this expression about role change has also been mentioned by many Internet entrepreneurs in China. From "follower" to "leader", it implies the development of digital China.
The world’s largest e-commerce market, the most convenient mobile payment country, and the potential largest 5G commercial market in the future … … The growth history of every enterprise constitutes the development history of digital China, and it is also a contemporary history in which the digital economy has changed people’s lives.
Yesterday of Digital China: A Glimpse of the Development of Internet in the Past 20 Years
In 1999, 35-year-old Ma Yun returned to Hangzhou from Beijing with his team and started his third venture in a residential building in the West Lakeside Garden Community. "From scratch, from scratch, build a company that we will not regret in this life." Ma Yun made up his mind and founded Alibaba.
In the same year, Ma Huateng led the team and launched Instant Messaging Service (OICQ), which is known as QQ today.
Li Yanhong, who lives in Silicon Valley in the United States, saw the great development potential of China’s Internet and Chinese search engine services, resolutely quit his high-paying job in Silicon Valley and returned to China to organize Baidu … …
No one would have imagined that 20 years later, the three companies established by these three people have the size and influence they have today. The three companies not only bring great convenience to China people’s lives with the help of Internet technology, but also become a banner of China’s Internet on the international stage — — BAT。 People slide the screen, wait for the courier to arrive at home, pick up the mobile phone and communicate face to face across the limitations of time and space. Even with the rapid development of AI, intelligent driving is gradually approaching reality from fantasy … …
The hardships at the beginning of starting a business are self-evident. In 2000, after the bursting of the internet bubble, many internet start-ups experienced a period of "kneeling for the winter", and the 18 arhats of Alibaba were "too poor to even afford a car". At that time, Ma Yun was still thinking about how to build Alibaba into a century-old enterprise. He set his sights on the world. "All our competitors are not in China, but in Silicon Valley in the United States." When these advanced concepts sounded in the empty blank room at that time, there was a sense of disobedience. Now it seems that it is the beginning of sowing the seeds of dreams.
Alibaba’s early leading products were China suppliers. In 2003, Alibaba made a major strategic choice: set up Taobao to enter the C-end market. That is, from then on, people in China began to learn to use online banking and U shield to buy goods online; Online reply consultation, package, and fill in the face sheet … … Many entrepreneurs have also moved their business online. In 2004, in order to solve the trust problem in Taobao transactions, Alibaba created Alipay, and a complete e-commerce service system began to take shape, which also made online shopping a lifestyle for thousands of households.
In the next few years, the development of the Internet has been turbulent and "wars" have continued — — Taobao, Baidu and QQ competed with eBay, Google and MSN respectively. In the end, Ali, Baidu and Tencent gained their own gains and became big players in the fields of e-commerce, search and social interaction. The pattern was initially laid, and they began to change from "followers" to "leaders".
Around 2010, on the eve of the outbreak of the mobile Internet, people began to be busy with the mobile terminal. Taobao began to be called "hand scouring", and online shopping was no longer limited to "buy buy buying" in front of the computer, but became "buy buy buying" by picking up the mobile phone anytime and anywhere. Even in the financial report released by Alibaba Group every quarter, it has been paying attention to one data — — "Mobile monthly active users of China retail platform"; After Tencent’s WeChat appeared in 2011, people’s instant messaging is no longer limited to QQ… …
Since then, the limelight on the PC side has gradually been replaced by the mobile side. Based on location and smart phones, people can touch almost everything when they slide their thumbs.
In 2014, Alibaba was listed on the New York Stock Exchange, becoming the largest IPO in the history of US stocks. In 2016, Ma Yun shouted "five innovations" at Yunqi Conference: new retail, new finance, new energy, new technology and new manufacturing. This has also become a competition field in the Internet rivers and lakes in recent years. They either make the Internet rivers and lakes lively through investment, strategic layout or direct confrontation.
In recent years, a new generation of entrepreneurs, represented by Mei Tuan Wang Xing, Didi Chuxing Cheng Wei and Pinduoduo Huang Zheng, have also emerged in more commercial fields. Earlier, on the anniversary of the 20th anniversary of Alibaba, Ma Yun "crossed the baton" to Zhang Yong, the current CEO of Alibaba, which not only marked the benign inheritance of Ali, but also revealed the metabolism of the Internet in China.
In the past 20 years, people are surprised to find that China has not only gained e-commerce platforms, mobile social companies and search engine enterprises, but also more and more digital economies including e-commerce, finance, logistics, cloud computing and entertainment. They serve hundreds of millions of users, consumers, tens of millions of small and medium-sized enterprises and more and more government departments and social organizations, profoundly affecting and changing the economy, society and people’s lives.
Yang Yiqing, executive director of Zheshang Research Association, said that the continuous emergence of enterprises in the Internet field in China in the past 20 years benefited from always resonating with China’s economy on the same frequency.
Today’s Digital China: Release of Kinetic Energy and Broadening of Fields
Brush face payment, scan code to take a bus, remote house viewing, live broadcast with goods … … In the past 20 years, with the vigorous development of e-commerce and other fields, we can find the imprint of digital China on contemporary people in all aspects of our lives.
Nowadays, the digital tentacles are extending from the fields of e-commerce platform and sharing economy to the dimensions of industrial development and urban governance.
Liu Song, vice president of Alibaba Group, believes that the digital kinetic energy is now shifting from the consumption side to the supply side, and today’s digital economy will change production, service and urban governance. "The information development accumulated in China in recent years has laid a solid foundation for the current industrial and digital integration development".
In Zhejiang, Zhongce Rubber Group, a tire manufacturing enterprise, introduced Alibaba Cloud’s artificial intelligence ET industrial brain, and matched the optimal rubber synthesis scheme through artificial intelligence, which greatly stabilized the properties of rubber compound and increased the average qualified rate by 3% to 5%.
Digitalization injects new kinetic energy into production. Relevant statistics show that the new kinetic energy, represented by intelligence, high-end and high-tech, has contributed more than one-third to China’s economic growth and more than two-thirds to new jobs in cities and towns.
Han Xia, director of the Information and Communication Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G and industrial Internet has been continuously strengthened, the pace of information technology innovation and development has been accelerating, and the integration of information technology and industry has been deepening. The whole society’s understanding of accelerating the digital transformation of the real economy has been continuously improved, and the consensus has been continuously condensed, which has opened a new journey for the prosperity and development of China’s digital economy.
At the same time, the pace of development of digital China is not limited to the economic field. Digitalization and intelligence are gradually expanding to urban services and social governance.
You don’t have to go to the court to file a lawsuit, just move your finger and you can file a case on your mobile phone; If you find a piece of evidence in the middle of the night, you can submit it to the judge immediately by moving your finger; The trial is just around the corner, and you can also attend the trial in real time in a foreign country … …
I may not have dared to imagine all this in the past. But today, China people have subverted the traditional mode of litigation: thanks to the era of "mobile Internet", the parties can participate in all aspects of litigation with only one smart phone without going to court.
This is the great change brought by the "China Mobile Micro Court" based on the development of WeChat applet. It is this handy little program that allows ordinary people, lawyers and judges to transcend time and space restrictions in judicial activities. People in the judicial circles generally believe that this seemingly uncomplicated innovation can not be underestimated: it obviously promotes litigation justice, reduces litigation costs and improves litigation efficiency.
Besides Internet courts and "China Mobile Micro Court", the digital and intelligent tentacles are extending to more fields. According to the Digital China Index Report (2019), the overall level of digital government in China increased steadily in 2018, and the digital government index increased by 32% compared with 2017.
A set of data released by Ant Financial also confirms this view. Relying on Alipay APP, government applet access, 90% of the government applets in China have been launched on Alipay, and the number of applications in the past year exceeded 700 million. The digitalization of national government services and urban services is improving significantly.
At the same time, digitalization has also promoted the efficiency of coordination within government departments. A recent report jointly released by China Information and Communication Research Institute and Ali Research Institute shows that the "Zhejiang Government Nail" built on the nail social platform has become the largest provincial government mobile office collaboration platform in China. "Zhezheng Nail" has been connected to 255,000 organizations, 162,000 work groups, 1.856 million daily news and 691 online applications.
Ma Yun said that he always believed that Alibaba’s greatest value was not profit or scale, but how many problems it could solve and create for the world and the future. Ali has comprehensively laid out and prepared for big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, hoping to lay the foundation for digital transformation in China and even the world.
The future of digital China: guiding all-round social upgrading.
"Twenty years ago, the Internet just came to China and just affected our work and life; Twenty years later, digital technology has affected social life, business and other aspects. " For a hundred years, oil has pushed the world in the industrial age forward. Nowadays, in the Internet age, big data is referred to as the new "oil". Under the digital revolution, big data will guide the whole society to upgrade and change in all directions.
The changes brought by technology to the city have become a problem that scientists and technology promoters think about.
In 2016, when thinking about how to control urban congestion, Ali first proposed the concept of "urban data brain". With the approval of the Hangzhou Municipal Government, this project started in an experimental area in Xiaoshan District: Alibaba Cloud engineers used big data and artificial intelligence, and the data "perceived" by smart cameras to adjust the traffic light time, so that ambulance vehicles could pass efficiently.
One year later, at the Yunqi Conference, "Urban Brain 1.0" officially met with the world. Nowadays, the urban brain has covered 420 square kilometers of Hangzhou. Through video AI calculation, the city brain can complete a full-area scan every 2 minutes and automatically identify more than 40 road traffic incidents.
The urban brain is the intelligent center of the whole city, which can analyze the whole city in real time and optimize the allocation of public resources by using the city’s data resources, and will eventually evolve into super intelligence that can govern the city.
At present, more than 20 cities at home and abroad will realize intelligent management through urban brains. By integrating the data of traffic police, traffic, urban management, environmental protection, fire protection and other departments, the urban brain has begun to support the innovative practices of these cities in traffic management, environmental protection, and refined urban management.
Wang Jian, the proponent of urban brain, said: "A natural logic and trend is that global cities need to introduce a new infrastructure today, which is ‘ Urban brain ’ . It is rare for China to contribute a new infrastructure to the development of human cities. The Internet is a new infrastructure, computing is a new productivity, and data is a new means of production. "
The development of a new generation of information technology has shortened the distance between the world, transformed the circulation of products in more and more fields into data circulation, transformed production into services, and transformed industrial labor into information labor. Internet of Everything is undoubtedly an important key word in the future.
"In the future, every urban component in a smart city, every machine, equipment and product manufactured by industrial intelligence, and even every component will have a unique digital identity, which is extremely important and far-reaching for the economic development and social governance of smart society." Ni Guangnan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said that the current informatization construction has shifted from internet plus to the stage of "intelligence+"characterized by deep data mining and integrated application.
Ni Guangnan said that cloud computing, big data and AI technologies are maturing, and are widely used in the mobile Internet, extending and covering the Internet of Things, including the industrial Internet. The development trend of ternary integration of human, machine and things has taken shape, and information systems, mobile intelligent devices and various networked sensors used by human beings are constantly generating and gathering data.
Zhang Yong said that in the future, Alibaba Group will continue to focus on three strategies, namely globalization, domestic demand and big data cloud computing. Globalization is the future. Ali wants to realize global buying, global selling, global payment, global transportation and global play, and help the digital economy infrastructure and ecology go from China to the whole world; Domestic demand is the future of China’s economy, and the future will be an economy driven by consumption and experience. Ali should meet different levels of consumer demand for the vast number of consumers and create new demand through big data; Big data and cloud computing are the source of power. In the era of cloud and Internet of Everything in all industries, Ali will continue to help customers become Internet companies and big data-driven companies.
In many ways, the manufacturing industry is facing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years. The application of 5G technology, the landing of artificial intelligence, the substitution of new energy, and the governance of smart cities are promoting cross-border cooperation and building a new intelligent ecology.
The report released by BCG predicts that in 2035, the scale of digital economy in China will reach 16 trillion US dollars, and the penetration rate of digital economy will reach 48%. Data is a new factor of production, and the digital economy based on data is an innovative economy, an open economy and a new economy representing the future.
From tradition to avant-garde, from breakthrough to nirvana revival, the future has come among us, and digital China has become a powerful engine for us to pursue our dreams. Undoubtedly, today’s Internet development in China has been at the forefront of the world. The waves aroused by data have made a clanging sound in the long river of time, enriching our lives at all times.
Digital China, a series of wonderful performances.
The country calls you ＂trade-in＂!
This year’s government work report proposes to promote the upgrading and technological transformation of all kinds of production equipment and service equipment, and encourage and promote the trade-in of consumer goods. A few days ago, the State Council issued the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Consumer Goods Trade-in.
Q
Why should we promote large-scale equipment renewal and trade-in of consumer goods?
A: Promoting large-scale equipment renewal and trade-in of consumer goods is an important measure to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and promote high-quality development. It can promote the continuous increase of the proportion of advanced production capacity, and make high-quality durable consumer goods enter residents’ lives more. It can not only promote consumption and stimulate investment, but also increase advanced production capacity and improve production efficiency. It can also promote energy conservation and carbon reduction and reduce potential safety hazards. It can be said that it benefits enterprises and benefits the people, which is beneficial to the present, the long-term and the multi-purpose.
Q
How big is the market space for "trade-in"?
A: China is a manufacturing country and a populous country. In 2023, the scale of equipment investment in key areas such as industry and agriculture will be about 4.9 trillion yuan. With the deepening of high-quality development, the demand for equipment renewal will continue to expand, and it will be a huge market with an annual scale of more than 5 trillion yuan. At the same time, by the end of 2023, the number of civilian cars reached 336 million, and the number of household appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners exceeded 3 billion. The upgrading of cars and household appliances can also create a market space of one trillion yuan.
Q
What are the objectives of the Action Plan?
A: By 2027, the scale of equipment investment in industry, agriculture, construction, transportation, education, cultural tourism, medical care and other fields will increase by more than 25% compared with 2023; The energy efficiency of major energy-using equipment in key industries has basically reached the level of energy saving, and the proportion of production capacity with environmental protection performance reaching Grade A has been greatly improved. The penetration rate of digital R&D design tools and the numerical control rate of key processes of industrial enterprises above designated size have exceeded 90% and 75% respectively. The recycling volume of scrapped cars has doubled compared with 2023, the trading volume of used cars has increased by 45% compared with 2023, the recycling volume of used household appliances has increased by 30% compared with 2023, and the proportion of recycled materials in resource supply has further increased.
Q
What are the key actions?
A: First, implement the equipment renewal action. We will promote the upgrading of equipment in key industries, speed up the upgrading of equipment in the fields of construction and municipal infrastructure, support the upgrading of transportation equipment and old agricultural machinery, and improve the level of medical equipment for education, culture and tourism.
The second is to implement the trade-in of consumer goods. Carry out the trade-in of automobiles and household appliances, and promote the trade-in of home improvement consumer goods.
The third is to implement recycling actions. Improve the recycling network of waste products and equipment, support the circulation and trading of second-hand goods, promote remanufacturing and step-by-step utilization in an orderly manner, and promote the high-level recycling of resources.
The fourth is to implement the standard improvement action. Accelerate the improvement of energy consumption, emissions and technical standards, strengthen the upgrading of product technical standards, strengthen the supply of resources recycling standards, and strengthen the convergence of domestic and international standards in key areas.
The fifth is to strengthen policy guarantee. Increase financial policy support, improve tax support policies, optimize financial support, strengthen factor support, and strengthen innovation support.
Q
What benefits will it bring to the lives of ordinary people?
A: In terms of automobile trade-in, it includes promoting automobile echelon consumption and renewal consumption, organizing national automobile trade-in promotion activities, and optimizing automobile purchase restriction measures according to local conditions.
Trade-in of household appliances includes smoothing the consumption chain of household appliances, supporting joint production enterprises and recycling enterprises to carry out trade-in promotion activities, and giving preferential treatment to consumers who exchange old appliances for energy-saving appliances. At the same time, encourage qualified places to subsidize consumers to buy green smart home appliances and accelerate the implementation of after-sales service improvement actions for home appliances.
In terms of the replacement of home-improvement consumer goods, residents will be supported to carry out local renovation of old houses, kitchens and bathrooms through various means such as government support and profit-making by enterprises, continue to promote the aging renovation of homes, and actively cultivate new consumption such as smart homes. Promote home improvement model rooms to enter shopping malls, communities and platforms, encourage enterprises to build online model rooms, and provide affordable products and services to meet diversified consumer needs.
Q
How to better promote the recycling of products and equipment?
A: Accelerate the development of "trade-in+recycling" logistics system and new model, support the production and sales enterprises of durable consumer goods to build reverse logistics system or cooperate with professional recycling enterprises to recycle waste consumer goods at home. Further improve the recycling network of renewable resources and support the construction of a number of centralized sorting and processing centers. Optimize the layout of scrap car recycling and dismantling enterprises, and promote the door-to-door pick-up service model. Improve the recycling channels of office equipment in public institutions. Support the development of online trading platform for waste products and equipment.
Q
How to make second-hand goods play a better role?
A: Continuously optimize the registration management of used car transactions and promote convenient transactions. Vigorously develop the export business of used cars. Promote the standardization of second-hand electronic products transactions, and prevent leakage and malicious recovery of user information. Promote second-hand commodity trading platform enterprises to establish and improve the evaluation mechanism of distribution enterprises and users in the platform, and strengthen information sharing such as credit records and illegal and untrustworthy behaviors. Support electronic product manufacturers to develop second-hand transactions, renovation and maintenance services.
Transferred from Economic Daily
[Editor in charge:
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The 19th press conference on epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, Henan Province.
Press conference video
The Information Office of Henan Provincial Government held the 19th press conference on the topic of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, Henan Province at 10: 00 on February 28th, 2020.
Publish content: release the experience and practice of strict poverty alleviation standards and high-quality poverty alleviation in 14 poverty-stricken counties in Henan Province and the outstanding achievements made by our province in tackling poverty; Introduce our province’s active response to the impact of the epidemic, strengthen the measures to fight poverty, and ensure that we can win the fight against poverty in an all-round way at the end of this year, and answer questions from reporters.
Publisher：
Shi Bingrui, Party Secretary and Director of Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office
Zhang Ruoshi, deputy head of the comprehensive group of the provincial epidemic prevention and control headquarters office, member of the party group and deputy director of the provincial health and wellness committee.
Li Changfa, member and deputy director of the Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office.
Zhen Li, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Provincial People’s Social Welfare Department
Gao Zhanrong, Party Member and Deputy Director of the Provincial Department of Finance
He Songhao, Party Member and Deputy Director of Provincial Department of Commerce
Wang Qinghua, Secretary of Lushi County Committee of CPC.
[News report]
The 19th press conference of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control work was held.
Block the "root of disease" and pull out the "poor root"
On February 28th, the Information Office of the provincial government held the 19th press conference on epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19. Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office, Provincial Health and Health Commission, Provincial People’s Social Welfare Department, Provincial Department of Finance, Provincial Department of Commerce and other departments, as well as the person in charge of Lushi County, gave a briefing on the current epidemic prevention and control and tackling poverty, and answered questions from reporters.
The intensity of poverty alleviation has not diminished.
At the press conference, Shi Bingrui, director of the Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office, read out the notice of the provincial government and approved 14 poverty-stricken counties to take off their hats. Since then, there have been no poverty-stricken counties in our province. "But there are still 350,000 poor people and 52 poor villages in our province that have not been lifted out of poverty." Shi Bingrui said.
In response to the epidemic, our province has adopted the measures of "two priorities, one acceleration and one guarantee" to help get rid of poverty. "Two Priorities" means giving priority to the labor force of poor families and giving priority to the resumption of production and work of enterprises with poverty; "One acceleration" means accelerating the construction of poverty alleviation projects and ensuring that all poverty alleviation projects start construction in March; "One guarantee" means strengthening policy support and guarantee.
"This year, the funds used by governments at all levels for poverty alleviation will only increase. At the beginning of this year, the provincial finance budgeted 2.59 billion yuan for special poverty alleviation funds, an increase of 10% over the budget at the beginning of last year. " Gao Zhanrong, deputy director of the Provincial Department of Finance, said.
"We will make overall plans to prevent and control the epidemic situation and tackle poverty, so that the task of tackling poverty will remain unchanged, the standards will not drop, and the intensity will not decrease. For counties, villages and farmers who have already got rid of poverty, we will maintain the continuity of policies, so that investment will not decrease, and there will be many projects. Policies will remain unchanged and assistance will not be withdrawn to ensure high-quality completion of this year’s task of tackling poverty." Shi Bingrui said.
Healthy poverty alleviation gnaws hard bones
Zhang Ruoshi, deputy director of the Provincial Health and Health Commission, reported that on February 27th, there were no new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Henan Province, and 41 new cases were discharged.
"The Provincial Health and Health Commission insists on coordinating the prevention and control of epidemic situation and health poverty alleviation, blocking the’ root cause’, pulling out the’ poor root’, and laying down the hard bones of health poverty alleviation, and never letting the disease become a roadblock for poverty alleviation." Zhang Ruoshi said that the Provincial Health and Health Commission compared the patients diagnosed in COVID-19 with the poor people through the information system to ensure that the poor people can get timely and effective treatment for COVID-19. On the premise of preventing and controlling the epidemic, meet the basic medical needs of the poor; Give timely and effective medical treatment to the poor patients with acute and critical diseases.
Our province actively carries out the signing service of family doctors for the poor. For those who can’t carry out contracted services at home due to epidemic prevention and control, telephone and video follow-up should be taken to strengthen the daily health management of poor patients with chronic diseases. Throughout our province, rural loudspeakers, propaganda slogans and other forms were used to publicize the epidemic situation and epidemic prevention knowledge, educate and guide poor people to enhance their health awareness, improve their health literacy and self-protection ability, prevent COVID-19 from being infected, and curb poverty and return to poverty due to illness from the source.
Accurate assistance and priority employment
Our province has issued policies and set up special classes to strengthen employment assistance for poor families.
"Through the method of’ one-on-one’ precise assistance, we will achieve’ seven priorities’ and make every effort to eliminate the impact of the epidemic on the employment and income increase of poor families." Zhen Li, deputy director of the Provincial People’s Social Welfare Department, said that the "seven priorities" are giving priority to organizing local employment nearby, organizing migrant workers’ transportation, giving priority to supporting entrepreneurs returning home, giving priority to resettling the "three haves", giving priority to the construction of poverty-stricken projects, giving priority to supporting poverty-stricken industries and giving priority to job training. As of February 27th, among the 1,818,661 poor family laborers with employability and desire, 1,079,670 have been employed.
During the epidemic prevention and control period, in order to reduce the impact on poverty alleviation and income increase, the commercial department of our province issued a total of 3900 passes to enterprises, making every effort to unblock the channels of agricultural products transportation and marketing. "As of February 26, among the 244 agricultural approval and farmers’ markets in the province, 169 have resumed business." He Songhao, deputy director of the Provincial Department of Commerce, said.
"Getting rid of poverty is a new starting point for Lushi County’s work. In the future, we will take the overall situation of the county’s work with poverty alleviation, lay a solid foundation for poverty alleviation, and hand in a satisfactory answer to the party and the people." At the press conference, Wang Qinghua, secretary of Lushi County Party Committee, said. (Henan Daily reporter Gao Changling)
Shenqi pollen tablets, which claim to cure many diseases, are accused of exaggerating propaganda.
"Call the elderly together to sell Shenqi pollen tablets, and sell a box of 650 yuan, boasting that it can cure diabetes, hypertension and cerebral infarction, but the medicine box says that it has the functions of benefiting qi, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lungs. Isn’t this fooling consumers? " On the 22nd, Mr. Yang reported to the hotline of the Party newspaper.
According to Mr. Yang, in early April, a salesman knocked on the door and sent leaflets to his home. "On April 10th, my father went to their promotion site according to the leaflet information. They rented a conference room on the second floor of the building diagonally opposite to RT Mart on Lishan Road, selling Shenqi pollen tablets. My father listened to their introduction that Shenqi pollen tablets can cure many diseases, including diabetes, hypertension and cerebral infarction, so he spent 650 yuan to buy a box. "
The next day, Mr. Yang, who was out, came home and felt something was wrong when he heard his father’s story. He looked at the instructions on the medicine box and found that the medicine box was written with functions and indications: benefiting qi, strengthening spleen and tonifying lung. "This medicine is not my father’s illness at all, how can you eat it indiscriminately? The next day, I went to them to return the medicine. " Mr. Yang said.
Mr. Yang went to the conference room at the sales site and found the person who sold the medicine. "I asked them where the office was, and whether they would rent a venue and leave after they sold it out. They pushed and pushed and didn’t tell me." Mr. Yang feels that once they leave the hotel after the promotion, it is no longer easy to find them. "It is said that they engage in sales activities on a regular basis, and they may rent houses in residential buildings or in other hotels."
"At first, the other party didn’t retreat. Later, I reported it everywhere and they gave it back." Mr. Yang said, "I have verified this drug with the Food and Drug Administration. There are batch numbers and registrations, but it is unreasonable for them to exaggerate the efficacy and mislead consumers in the process of sales. This medicine is just some pollen tablets, which may not hurt people, but it can’t cure the diseases they say. The elderly are not vigilant, and it is impossible to keep all audio and video recordings as evidence of rights protection during the consumption process. Therefore, it is not easy to defend rights in this kind of thing. "
On May 22, the reporter inquired about the drug approval provided by Mr. Yang on the website of the State Food and Drug Administration. The results showed that the drug was produced by Henan Phoenix Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and the approval date was March 21, 2011. The reporter dialed according to the manufacturer’s phone number on the medicine box provided by Mr. Yang, and the response voice was that the phone was turned off.
How to distinguish the true and false drugs when buying drugs? According to industry insiders, the approval number must be seen on the regular drug packaging: "National Medicine Zhun Zi H (or Z.S.J.B)+8 digits", which means the drugs approved for production and marketing in National Medical Products Administration, and the letter H stands for chemicals, Z proprietary Chinese medicines, S biological products, domestic sub-packaging of J imported drugs and B health care drugs. Or there is a "National Medicine Zhunzi", but when you log in to National Medical Products Administration for data query, you can enter the letters and 8 digits after the "National Medicine Zhunzi" or the name of the drug, but what you can’t find is also a fake drug. If the expiration date is not marked or changed on the packaging of drugs, if the production batch number is not marked or changed, and if the expiration date is exceeded, all drugs are inferior. Patients who encounter such a situation should report to the local food and drug administration.
(Reporter Yu Zhang)
(Editor: Gao Lei)
Optimizing consumption structure and upgrading service-oriented consumption have become an important support for China’s high-quality development.
CCTV News:Through nearly three years’ practice, the Expo has become an important window to show China’s big market. What are the new trends in China’s consumption at present? The Outline of the Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035) issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council mentioned that China’s final consumption expenditure accounted for more than 50% of GDP for 11 consecutive years. In 2022, the contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth reached 82.9%. It can be seen that domestic consumption is the main driving force of economic growth.
Optimization and upgrading of China’s consumption structure in the past ten years
From the perspective of consumption structure, the data report released by the National Bureau of Statistics shows that in the past decade, China’s consumption structure has been optimized and upgraded, and development-oriented enjoyment consumption has been increasing. Experts predict that by 2025, the proportion of service-oriented consumption is expected to increase to about 50%, bringing about 10 trillion yuan of new consumer market and forming an important support for China’s high-quality development.
Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Launching the Pilot Demonstration of Network Security in Telecommunication Industry
Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Launching the Pilot Demonstration of Network Security in Telecommunication Industry
No.391 [2015] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Communications administrations of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, China Telecom Group Corporation, China Mobile Communications Group Corporation and China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd.:
In order to implement the relevant requirements of the State Council’s "internet plus" Action Plan, promote the construction of network security technical means in the telecommunications industry, and enhance the security guarantee capability of network infrastructure, according to the Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Strengthening Network Security in the Telecommunications and Internet Industries (No.368 [2014] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) and the key work arrangements in 2015, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology decided to organize and carry out the pilot demonstration of network security in the telecommunications industry (hereinafter referred to as the pilot demonstration). The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
First, the general idea
Based on the actual needs of network security protection in the telecommunications industry, around the key direction of network security technology construction, we will promote basic telecommunications enterprises to carry out innovative application of management and technical means, guide basic telecommunications enterprises to increase investment in network security technology, implement security protection responsibilities, explore outstanding practice cases of network security in the industry, promote the popularization and application of advanced technology and experience in the industry, give full play to the role of technical means in ensuring the security of network infrastructure, and effectively enhance the telecommunications industry’s ability to prevent and respond to network security threats.
Second, the selection requirements
The applicant for the pilot demonstration project in 2015 is the basic telecommunications enterprise group company or provincial company, and the pilot demonstration project should be the network security management system or technical platform that has been built or under construction (including the project).
The selection of pilot demonstration projects is based on "good demonstration effect, high practical value and great promotion potential", focusing on whether the pilot demonstration projects have practical foundation, strong technical or management innovation and good application effect; Whether it has universal applicability, reproducibility and popularization value; Can we persist in continuous improvement and give full play to comprehensive benefits? The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will support the selected pilot demonstration projects in terms of applying for national special funds and science and technology awards in accordance with relevant policies.
III. Key areas
In 2015, the key guiding directions of the pilot demonstration of network security in the telecommunications industry include:
(1) Centralized safety management within the enterprise.It can realize the centralized management of accounts, authentication, authority and audit of many users of applications, systems and equipment in the enterprise, and can improve the internal security protection level of the enterprise by formulating a unified security strategy.
(2) Security management of network and information system assets.Managing the asset names, categories, responsible units and persons in charge of enterprise networks and information systems can dynamically grasp the asset information of enterprise equipment and realize the associated management of assets and security risks.
(3) Data security protection.Realize the security protection and backup of important sensitive data of business support system, and improve the comprehensive protection ability of business support system.
(4) Monitoring and handling of network security threats.Realize the monitoring and disposal of Trojans and botnets, malicious programs on mobile Internet, phishing websites, etc., purify the public Internet network environment, and protect public rights and interests.
(5) Resisting denial of service attacks.It has the ability to resist denial of service attacks and can effectively monitor and handle sudden and large-scale denial of service attacks.
(6) Cloud platform security protection.It has the security protection capability of public cloud platform and user’s key data, which can provide targeted protection for cloud computing virtualization application scenarios and form a safe and reliable public cloud security protection system.
(7) Domain name system security.Realize the emergency disaster backup of domain name resolution service, effectively defend against high-traffic network attacks, domain name poisoning and domain name hijacking attacks, and provide continuous and reliable domain name resolution service.
(8) Others.Other projects with remarkable innovation, outstanding safety protection effect and high demonstration value.
Fourth, organize the implementation
(1) Project declaration.The basic telecommunications enterprise group company is responsible for the project declaration within the scope of the group. According to the requirements of the 2015 Network Security Pilot Demonstration Declaration Form (see Annex), all reporting units prepare the application materials and supporting documents. For the declared projects of provincial companies of basic telecommunications enterprises, the local provincial communication management department shall fill in written recommendation opinions in combination with the actual situation. Each group company shall summarize and review the application materials and submit them to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology before September 30, 2015. Each basic telecommunications enterprise group company (including provincial companies) has no more than three declared projects in each field.
(2) Project selection.The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (Network Security Administration) organizes a normative and complete review of the application materials of the basic telecommunications enterprise groups, and organizes experts to select projects on the basis of on-site visits.
(3) the results are announced.The selected projects will be published in the relevant media and websites of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
V. Job Requirements
(1) Strengthen organizational leadership.The basic telecommunications enterprise group companies should attach great importance to the network security pilot demonstration work, designate the lead department and responsible person as soon as possible, do a good job in the deployment of relevant departments, provincial companies and professional companies (including business bases) within the group company, and conscientiously do a good job in organizing, mobilizing and reporting; It is necessary to further increase investment in network security and do a good job in the establishment and implementation of network security projects.
(2) Strengthen dynamic management.All basic telecommunications enterprises should establish a dynamic management mechanism for pilot demonstration projects, manage and make good use of pilot demonstration projects, give full play to their advantages and functions, and optimize and upgrade their technologies in view of the shortcomings and problems found in actual use. For the pilot demonstration projects under construction, they should be completed within the construction period according to the plan. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will organize on-site verification on the basis of the enterprise’s project acceptance, and cancel the qualification of "network security pilot demonstration project" if the verification fails.
(3) Strengthen the promotion of experience.All basic telecommunications enterprises should actively learn from the experience of pilot demonstration projects and strengthen the construction and innovation of network security means in light of the actual situation of their own units; For the selected projects, we should conscientiously sum up and popularize relevant experience, and actively provide support for other enterprises to learn from. Encourage enterprises to carry out advanced experience exchange and network security technical cooperation in pilot demonstration projects. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will organize the exchange of experience in pilot demonstration technology and strengthen the promotion and application of the industry.
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New progress and achievements in basic research
(A) the original achievements made in the frontier field of science
1. NanoSCIENCE, life science, information science, earth science, mathematics, physics and chemistry have published a series of important papers in first-class magazines of science, NATURE and related disciplines, occupying an important place in the world.
Nonlinear optical crystals, quantum information and communication, and ultra-strong and ultra-short lasers are among the top in the world. A series of innovative achievements have been made in the fields of nanomaterials and nanostructures, protein’s structure and function, brain and cognition, animal cloning, molecular engineering for creating new substances, paleontology, marine science, etc., and the overall research level has been significantly improved, which has had an important impact in the world; Mathematical mechanization, symplectic geometry algorithm and other aspects to maintain China’s characteristics and advantages.
2. The research of nonlinear optical crystals keeps the leading position in the world.
Innovative achievements have been made in the design and growth of ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals and the development of prototype lasers. The fully transparent KBBF single crystal of 20×10×1.8mm3 was successfully grown, which broke through the limit that the thickness of the crystal never exceeded 1mm in the past. KBBF prism coupling technology is put forward for the first time in the world, which realizes the effective output of deep ultraviolet laser from 200 nm to 193 nm, thus jumping over the technical threshold of realizing deep ultraviolet frequency doubling light output and taking an important step towards the realization of the fourth generation light source, which will have a far-reaching impact on the competition of optoelectronic industry in the future.
3. Quantum information and communication research has achieved a number of important innovations with international influence.
In the research of preparation and manipulation of multi-particle entangled states, the preparation and manipulation of five-particle entangled states were realized for the first time in the world, and the teleportation of quantum states with "open terminal" was demonstrated experimentally by using a five-photon entangled source, which was rated as one of the top ten advances in international physics in 2004 by american physical society and European physics at the same time. In the aspect of quantum key distribution, an experimental scheme of quantum key distribution with good one-way transmission stability is designed, and a 150 km indoor quantum key distribution experiment is realized. Using the actual communication optical cable, the quantum key distribution with a length of 125 kilometers from Beijing to Tianjin via Xianghe, Hebei Province is realized.
4. The research of ultra-intense and ultra-short laser is in the forefront of the world.
Great progress has been made in the development of new principles and methods of CPA’s new generation ultra-short laser and the integration and innovation of miniaturized OPCPA ultra-short laser system, and the output power of 3.67TW has been achieved, and the CPA ultra-short laser device with high beam quality and world-class overall performance has been successfully developed. On this basis, a new phenomenon of double-peak splitting of high-order harmonic spectrum is observed experimentally for the first time, and a new mechanism of generating high-intensity correlated atomic beams by quantum coherent control of atomic system is proposed. The theoretical model and calculation method of non-perturbation quantum electrodynamics of strong-field interaction are established and applied to explain and predict the experimental phenomena of strong-field laser physics.
5. The research on nano-materials and nano-structures has made a series of innovative achievements, which is at the forefront of the world.
In the research of carbon nanotubes, the technology of preparing single-walled carbon nanotubes by combining template with organic catalytic pyrolysis is considered by foreign counterparts as one of the four main preparation methods of carbon nanotubes at present. The growth process of carbon nanotubes was proved by isotope labeling method, ultrafine carbon nanotubes were prepared by secondary discharge method, carbon nanotube wires were drawn by superparamagnetic carbon nanotube array, and preparation methods of double-walled nanotubes by floating catalysis method and large-scale preparation of carbon nanotubes by alcohol thermal reduction method were developed. In the preparation of ordered array of one-dimensional nanowires of GaN single crystal, coaxial nano-cables with the core of GaN and the outer layer of BN and the diameter of 50nm have been successfully developed, and the world’s thinnest probe with good performance has been assembled by using single-walled carbon nanotubes, which has had an important impact in the world. The work of polarized incandescent spectrum of carbon nanotube filament opens up a new way for the application of carbon nanotube in lighting field. It is found that the deformation process of bulk nano-copper is mainly controlled by grain boundary behavior rather than traditional lattice dislocation behavior. It is found that the twin interface induces the high strength and high conductivity of nano-copper, which shows that the material properties can be optimized through the structural design on the nano-scale. A new principle of binary synergism to produce superhydrophobicity is put forward, and interface structural materials with bionic superhydrophobicity function are designed and synthesized, and the "switching effect" of superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity reversible transformation controlled by temperature field and light field is found. Lead thin films with atomic flatness were successfully prepared on silicon single crystal substrate by low temperature growth method.It is also observed that the superconducting transition temperature and thermal expansion coefficient of lead thin films oscillate with the thickness of the films and other strange material properties.
6. A breakthrough was made in the study of protein’s structure and function.
The 3-D structure analysis of spinach light-harvesting complex (LHCII) with resolution of 2.72 was obtained for the first time. This is the first 3-D structure analysis of LHC II at atomic level so far, which is considered as a breakthrough in photosynthesis research in recent years. The research results were published in the journal NATURE in the form of an article. The crystal structure of mitochondrial respiratory chain membrane protein complex II and its inhibitor complex was successfully analyzed, which filled a blank in the study of mitochondrial respiratory chain and provided a real and available model for studying the electron transfer system of mitochondrial respiratory chain and human mitochondrial diseases related to this complex. The research results were published in CELL magazine.
7. Breakthrough in brain science research
A number of innovative achievements have been made in brain cognition, nerve signal transmission and nerve growth, and a number of important papers have been published in internationally renowned journals such as SCIENCE, NATURE and NEURON. The research on the choice of Drosophila in the face of dilemma clues has been initiated internationally. It is found that Drosophila can learn multiple clues of visual mode to guide flight orientation behavior, and it is proved that the mushroom body of Drosophila brain participates in the choice process, which provides a simpler model organism and a new choice paradigm for understanding this intelligent behavior of brain. In the study of the regulation mechanism of some basic processes of nerve development, it is found that a protein kinase called CSK has polarity in the development of nerve cells, and its activity in axons is lower than that in dendrites, which controls the polarity of nerve cells. In the research of cognitive science, the initial perception theory of topological properties is put forward, which challenges the dominant feature analysis theory for half a century. Further research has found the biological evidence of magnetic resonance imaging to support this theory.
8. Successful birth of transgenic intergeneric cloned fish.
It marks a new breakthrough in the basic research field of animal cloning in China. Intergeneric nuclear transfer was carried out with the blastocyst cells of the transgenic red carp (Cyprinus carpio var. rubra) with MThGH F4 as the donor and the enucleated eggs of goldfish as the recipient, and the transgenic inter-generic cloned fish was successfully obtained, and the new evidence that cytoplasm affected the development of cloned fish was found at the molecular level for the first time.
9. Important new breakthroughs have been made in immunology research.
A new DC subgroup with special negative immune regulation function was found, which challenged the traditional theory that mature DC no longer proliferated in traditional immunology, and was helpful to deeply understand the mechanism of immune response and the pathogenesis of many diseases.
10. Molecular engineering to create new substances
It has gathered 5 academicians in this field, 14 winners of the National Outstanding Youth Fund and 3 "innovative research groups" to carry out innovative research, made high-level research results, and published more than 40 papers in international authoritative magazines in the chemical field such as SCIENCE, NATURE, ACCOUNT OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH and JACS, which has had an important impact internationally.
11. Paleontological research
Based on the abundant paleontological data in China, a series of important discoveries and innovative achievements have been made in the origin of important biological groups such as metazoa, vertebrates and birds, the Cambrian biological explosion, the biological radiation in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the three biological extinctions in Paleozoic and their subsequent recovery, and the exploration of the basic laws of the co-evolution of biology and environment. The first author published 32 papers in SCIENCE and NATURE, which attracted great attention from international academic circles. Among them, the research on "Chengjiang Fauna and Cambrian Outbreak" won the first prize of National Natural Science Award in 2003; The Paibi section of Huayuan, Hunan Province was established as the first global boundary stratotype section ("Golden Nail") in Cambrian.
12. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau evolution and environmental effects
New views are put forward on the collision time limit, process and collision mode of the northern and southern edges of the plateau in India. High-resolution environmental records in different areas of the plateau have been established, revealing the characteristics of climate and environment changes in the past 20 thousand years, especially in the last 2000 years. The relationship between the uplift of Himalayas and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Asian monsoon climate is studied comprehensively and systematically for the first time. The results show that the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 10-8 million years ago led to the emergence of the Asian monsoon, and the accelerated uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 3.6-2.6 million years ago laid the basic framework of the Asian monsoon climate. It shows that the evolution of Asian monsoon is closely related to the periodic uplift of plateau.
13. Many breakthroughs have been made in the deep subduction of the mainland.
The continuous material composition, three-dimensional structure, material exchange between crust and mantle and geophysical state in the deep part of plate convergence boundary are revealed. It is proved that there was an important geological event in geological history when the plate carried a huge amount of material and dived deep into the mantle below 100 kilometers. It is found that the instability caused by dehydration of structural water (OH) in eclogite minerals can induce fractures and cause high-temperature earthquakes, which explains the cause of deep earthquakes in mantle transition zone. This achievement was published in NATURE magazine in 2004.
14. Marine scientific research
The theoretical framework of China’s offshore ecosystem dynamics is established, and it is the first time to establish a theoretical framework based on the ecosystem level. The quota fishing assessment and management model, taking fish as an example, found that the strategy of Daphnia sinensis to spend the summer in the shallow sea of temperate continental shelf is considered as one of the representative research achievements since the implementation of the international Global Marine Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) plan. At the invitation of members of the GLOBEC Scientific Steering Committee and the North Pacific Scientific Organization (PICES), it was reported at international scientific conferences many times, which had a great impact. In terms of the formation mechanism and variation of offshore circulation, the formation mechanism of Kuroshio "multi-core structure" in the East China Sea is revealed. It is found that the circulation exists in the outer shelf of the southern East China Sea, and the distribution and variation of "flow-vortex structure" are simulated. The evolution law of "multi-vortex structure" of South China Sea circulation is expounded. A wind-wave-tide-current coupled numerical model is developed.
15. Research on Mathematical Mechanization Method
This paper proves the "finite kernel" theorem of global optimization of a certain algebraic system, gives a complete global optimization method for this kind of system, provides a new method for global optimization in many scientific fields, and completes the automatic reasoning platform of mathematical mechanization. It is proved theoretically that any reversible linear transformation can be realized by integer, and a necessary and sufficient condition and a fast algorithm for integer realization are given. The "multi-component transformation" technology based on this theory has been adopted by the international standard of JPEG2000 image compression.
16. Large-scale scientific computing research
The adaptive algorithm, symplectic algorithm and multi-scale algorithm suitable for solving large partial differential equations are developed. Symplectic algorithm is used to assimilate atmospheric and ocean GPS data for the first time, and a new generation atmospheric circulation model GAMIL1.0 is established.
17. Research on high performance optimization algorithm
An innovative method that can quickly find the effective solution space and algorithm is developed, which improves the quality of stable solution and the calculation speed of solving very large-scale examples of the same scale traveling salesman problem by one order of magnitude respectively. Large-scale optimization algorithms such as multi-space search are developed and applied to Internet search, mobile communication and multimedia communication systems, VLSI design, intelligent power information management systems and other technical fields.
(B) the source of innovation in basic theory
1. Basic theoretical research on solidification and crystallization control of steel.
It is found that the regulation of grain refinement in metallurgical process can greatly improve the strength of steel. A new generation of steel materials developed by systematically integrating high clean steel production technology, high homogeneous solidification structure technology and deformation-induced transformation structure refinement technology is characterized by high cleanliness, high homogeneity and ultra-fine structure, and its strength is about twice that of ordinary materials at present. The achievements have been partially applied to automobile, construction and other industries, and are regarded by domestic metallurgical circles as a "revolution" to promote the structural adjustment, product upgrading and improve the technical level of the steel industry.
2. Key problems in industrial production of high performance polyolefin materials.
Based on the relationship between polymer chain structure and processability, this paper puts forward the theory of analyzing the flow stability of biaxial stretching, introduces rheological research into the improvement of polyolefin processability, designs the chain structure of BOPP film special material suitable for high-speed stretching, and develops an ultra-high-speed BOPP special material with a capacity of 400 m/min without basically changing the existing production equipment conditions, and the product quality exceeds that of imported products.
3. The theory and technology of diaspore bauxite reverse flotation are established for the first time in the world.
The principle of changing the interfacial interaction force between aluminum and silicon minerals to control dispersion is put forward, the structural model of high-efficiency collector for aluminosilicate minerals and the new idea of activated flotation are put forward, and the desilication technology prototype of "controlling dispersion-selective inhibition-enhanced collection" and the desilication technology of selective grinding-agglomeration positive flotation are formed. The original flotation desilication method and the improved Bayer process may expand the available bauxite resources in China by 2-5 times.
4. Some breakthroughs have been made in the research of optoelectronic devices, optical storage and information functional materials, and a series of achievements with independent intellectual property rights have been made.
In the research of quantum cascade lasers and detectors, gallium arsenic/aluminum gallium arsenic quantum cascade lasers and the world’s first short cavity single-mode strain compensation indium gallium arsenic/indium aluminum arsenic quantum cascade laser have been successfully developed, and the world’s first gallium indium nitrogen arsenic/gallium arsenic multi-quantum well resonant cavity enhancement detector has been developed. These achievements indicate that the research level of GaAs-based near-infrared optoelectronic materials and devices in China has entered the world’s advanced ranks. In the aspect of optical storage, a new generation of optical storage technology is developed by using multi-wavelength and multi-order optical storage method, which can greatly improve the storage density and capacity of optical disks without changing the numerical aperture of optical systems, thus doubling the capacity of optical disks and opening up a new way for establishing the optical disk industry with independent intellectual property rights in China. In the research of semiconductor optical amplifier, the polarization insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier with graded strain active region is proposed and fabricated for the first time in the world, and the semiconductor optical amplifier is fabricated by alternately growing tensile strain quantum wells and compressive strain quasi-materials for the first time. In the aspect of organic small molecule fluorescent materials, a series of phenol pyridine complexes with independent intellectual property rights were designed and synthesized. Breaking through the framework of studying microwave dielectric ceramics in traditional perovskite compounds, a new system of K2NiF4 MRAlO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with independent intellectual property rights was developed.
5. A series of outstanding progress has been made in the research of micro-nano electronic materials and devices and micro-electromechanical systems.
In the research of miniaturization of silicon-based integrated devices, a new CMOS device with a gate length of 27nm and a CMOS32 frequency division circuit with a gate length of 36nm have been successfully developed, which marks a new step in the research of chip miniaturization in China. In the research of compound semiconductor electronic devices, a PHEMT transistor with cutoff frequency exceeding 100GHz was successfully obtained, which laid the foundation for the development of InP-based devices in China. In the research of field emission flat panel display, silicon nanowire cold cathode with grid structure and WO3 nanowire cold cathode array have been developed, and the research results are first reported at home and abroad. The energy transfer model of thin air damping is proposed by integrating the research of MEMS. DBao model and air damping model of MEMS orifice plate structure? D modified Reynolds equation; According to the characteristics of MEMS structure, a new dynamic equation is established, and a micro inertial sensor with independent intellectual property rights is developed and applied.
(3) A number of key scientific problems have been solved in energy, resources and environment.
1. Many innovations have been made in efficient and clean utilization of fossil energy.
On the basis of revealing the mechanism of calcium-based desulfurization promoted by water, the medium temperature flue gas desulfurization technology was developed, and the desulfurization efficiency could reach 85-95% with only 4% water equivalent to wet desulfurization technology. The mechanism of plasma NOx reduction reaction is put forward and proved, and the new technology of NOx removal developed on this basis has been preliminarily popularized and applied. The basic research on catalysis for the optimal utilization of natural gas and coalbed methane pioneered the application theory and technology of ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy in in-situ and dynamic characterization of catalysis in the world, which was widely recognized by peers at home and abroad. The technology of preparing low-carbon olefins from synthetic gas made from natural gas and coal gasification by methanol and dimethyl ether was successful. A theory of anaerobic activation of methane is put forward, which opens up a new way to prepare chemical raw materials and hydrogen from natural gas.
2. Petroleum exploration and development and enhanced oil recovery
The grading evaluation method and index system of carbonate oil and gas source rocks are established, and four distribution prediction models and two development models of marine source rocks in China superimposed basin are put forward. It is put forward that the lower limit of organic matter abundance of carbonate rocks as source rocks is TOC=0.5%, which has played an important role in the new round of oil and gas resources evaluation as a new standard of China Petroleum and China Petrochemical Company. The relationship between the structure and performance of surfactant for oil displacement is mastered from the molecular scale, and the molecular design criteria of surfactant for oil displacement are put forward for the first time. The cheap, efficient and pollution-free alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant products for oil displacement with independent intellectual property rights are designed and produced. The field test in Daqing Oilfield shows that the recovery ratio is 15-20% higher than that of water flooding, and the cost is significantly reduced. In the exploration and development of natural gas reservoirs, wavelet analysis and multi-attribute quantitative prediction methods are used for the first time to effectively predict the gas-bearing characteristics of reservoirs and improve the success rate of drilling. The research results are initially applied to the study of gas reservoir identification in Sulige gas field.
3. Research on strategic mineral resources
Around the eastern Pacific Rim metallogenic domain, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic and Late Paleozoic continental metallogenic theories were initially established, a number of new technologies and methods for prospecting and prediction were developed, and a series of target areas of large mines and large ore concentration areas were put forward, which were successively included in the preliminary risk exploration by China Geological Survey. In the area of Paleo-Tethys metallogenic domain, the geological map and structural outline map of the main collision zone of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been compiled, a new model of tectonic evolution in collision orogeny process has been preliminarily put forward, and a new theoretical framework of continental collision orogeny has been established.
4. Ecological environment
Aiming at the arid and semi-arid areas in the north, the relationship between the long-term evolution of Asian monsoon and the drought in the north and related evidence are systematically analyzed, and the integrated model of regional environmental system is established, which provides an effective tool for drought prediction and virtual experiment of "orderly human activities", and the forecast report of drought development trend has been paid attention to by relevant government departments. In the aspect of the evolution and regulation of ecological environment in the western arid area, the ecological construction and sustainable agriculture paradigm of the mountain-oasis-desert system in the northern Tianshan Mountains and the ecological division in the northwest arid area are put forward, and the technical integration of major engineering protection system construction in the desert area is established, which provides support for the protection of the Tarim desert highway and the desert section of the Xinjiang North-South Water Transfer Project. The relationship between soil quality and erosion, acidification and acid deposition, and gas exchange at soil-air interface was deeply studied, and the viewpoint that paddy field ecosystem is an environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural ecosystem in Taihu Lake area was put forward. Based on this viewpoint, the proposal of "protecting artificial wetland-paddy field in Taihu Lake basin" was adopted by Suzhou Municipal Government.
5. Prevention and control of environmental pollution
A comprehensive monitoring of air pollution in Beijing and its surrounding areas was carried out, especially the observation of air-water-soil interaction, urban building development, and the influence of U-shaped topography on the strengthening of heat island. A number of accurate quantitative results were obtained, which provided scientific basis for improving forecasting ability, pollution control decision-making, early warning of pollution and monitoring system design. It was highly evaluated by the World Meteorological Organization and was rated as one of only two pilot demonstration projects in the world.
6. Formation mechanism and prediction of harmful red tide in China’s offshore waters.
The discovery of a large-scale harmful red tide of Alexandrium in the East China Sea for the first time confirmed the important role of key physical ocean processes in the formation of red tide in the East China Sea, and initially revealed the potential harm and harm mechanism of large-scale red tide in the East China Sea. In 2005, a large-scale red tide was found in the waters with high incidence of red tide in the East China Sea, and some suggestions on red tide prevention and control were put forward for reference by relevant departments.
7. Formation mechanism and prediction of major disasters
This paper reveals the basic fact that strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland are controlled by the movement of active blocks and concentrated on the boundaries of active blocks, obtains a preliminary understanding of the process of strong earthquakes in mainland China, develops the method of medium and long-term strong earthquake prediction, and gives the prediction of strong earthquake risk areas in Chinese mainland in the next 10 years. A large-scale scientific experiment of intensive observation of rainstorm in the field was carried out, and a multi-scale physical model and a synoptic model of Meiyu front rainstorm were put forward, and a mesoscale numerical forecast model system with three-dimensional variational assimilation scheme suitable for China was developed. Based on some important climate theories, such as "Monsoon-Warm Pool -ENSO Cycle Interaction Theory" and "Atmospheric Thermal Adaptation Theory", the inter-seasonal and annual prediction experiments of climate anomalies in East Asia were carried out, and the evolution of La Nina event and the severe drought climate in North China were successfully predicted. A cross-seasonal climate numerical prediction system is proposed, and an 18-layer new atmospheric circulation numerical model framework is designed, which provides a basis for the updating of China’s climate numerical model.
(4) The level of basic research in the fields of agriculture, population and health has been significantly improved.
1. Basic research on functional genomics and molecular improvement of agricultural animals and plants.
The important gene MOC1 related to rice tillering formation was cloned for the first time. This achievement is one of the most important discoveries in the field of plant morphogenesis, especially lateral branch formation in recent years, and its application in agricultural production is of great significance to improve the yield of Gramineae crops such as rice. The BC1 gene directly involved in rice cellulose synthesis and regulation was cloned. The study showed that it was of great significance to regulate the stem and leaf strength of Gramineae plants, make efficient and rational use of plant stems and improve the utilization rate of crop resources. Successfully cloned pig FSH-β gene, which was the first in the world to be found as a major gene or genetic marker affecting the litter size of pigs. The application of this achievement greatly accelerated the breeding speed of excellent pig breeds.
2. Efficient utilization of agricultural resources
The core germplasm of rice, wheat and soybean with 5% samples representing more than 85% genetic diversity was constructed for the first time in the world, which laid an important foundation for deepening the research of germplasm resources and crop breeding in China. In the study on the interaction of gene regulation level of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, it was found that HetR, the key protein in charge of heterotopic cell development in cyanobacteria, could form dimer, which could regulate the gene expression level by combining the DNA of the target gene, and put forward a gene regulation model affecting the new nitrogen fixation efficiency, which laid a theoretical foundation for improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops. In the research of plant drought resistance mechanism, it is found that the stomatal oscillation can be caused by regulating the atmospheric water deficit. According to this principle, a stomatal oscillation drought-resistant agent was developed. Field experiments show that the crop yield in semi-arid areas with annual rainfall of about 300 mm can be 1 to 2 times higher than that in the control in large and medium drought years, which is of great significance to agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas of China.
3. Agricultural ecological security
The biotype of Bemisia tabaci in China was identified at the molecular level, the rapid molecular detection technology of Phytophthora sojae was successfully developed, and the risk of wheat dwarf smut (TCK) invading China was systematically studied, which provided scientific basis and technical support for the negotiation of wheat import and quality inspection and quarantine in China. It is found for the first time that the change of insect resistance is related to the mutation of functional sites related to acetylcholine receptor. This achievement can not only guide the development of new molecular detection technology for drug resistance, but also provide theoretical basis for drug resistance management, and at the same time provide new ideas and new ways for molecular design of efficient and safe pesticides. A class of highly active nicotine compound IPP-44 with novel structure and independent intellectual property rights was successfully developed, and the adaptive defect mechanism of point mutation D421 and AChE resistance allele related to organophosphorus and carbamate resistance was found. It is found that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has gradually acquired the ability to infect mammals, and it is proved that its pathogenicity to mice is closely related to the 701st amino acid of PB2 protein, which lays a foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanism of cross-species transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
4. Major breakthroughs have been made in the localization, cloning and functional research of disease-causing genes.
In the aspect of monogenic diseases, the essential pathogenic gene of hereditary milk Koga was cloned, and the essence of hereditary milk Koga caused by mutation of DSPP gene was clarified. The pathogenic gene of type A-1 short finger disease was cloned, and the role of IHH gene in causing human genetic diseases was clarified. The pathogenic gene of atrial fibrillation was cloned, which explained the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation caused by multiple pathway reentry. In the aspect of polygenic diseases, it was found that the susceptibility gene of nasopharyngeal carcinoma exists in the region of 4p15.1 -4q12 on human chromosome 4, which proved the genetic susceptibility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for the first time. It was found that the gene expression of primary tumor and metastatic tumor was highly consistent between liver cancer and gastric cancer, which showed that tumor metastasis had no obvious relationship with tumor size and capsule integrity, but was related to gene expression of tumor itself. The preliminary evidence that PRKCZ is a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus is provided.
5. Significant progress has been made in the treatment and research of major diseases.
Studies on the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) show that the disease has a specific chromosome heterotopic t(15; 17) PML caused? DRARα fusion protein and all-trans retinoic acid can induce APL cell differentiation, while arsenic trioxide can selectively induce apoptosis, and their targets are PML? DRARα fusion protein, clinical research shows that the application of two drugs combined with targeted therapy makes the initial APL the first curable adult leukemia, which has been widely used. Active immunotherapy for anti-tumor angiogenesis can induce autoimmune reaction against tumor angiogenesis in mice, showing anti-tumor activity, which provides a new idea for tumor vaccine development and tumor treatment.
6. Basic research on important infectious diseases
Complete the whole genome sequencing of four representative strains of Shigella dysenteriae; Determine the transmission route of HIV epidemic in China from the molecular level; The three-dimensional structure of the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS coronavirus was firstly analyzed in the world, and the precise mode of binding 3CLpro to substrate was revealed, which opened up a new way for developing drugs for preventing and treating SARS coronavirus.
7. Reproductive health
Bin1b, the first natural antimicrobial peptide gene in reproductive system, was cloned for the first time. It was found that this gene can start the movement of sperm in epididymis head, thus revealing the important cause of sperm from inactive state to active state, and providing clues for the design of male contraceptives and the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. It was found that the mutation of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene hindered the secretion of HCO3- in uterine epithelium, which affected sperm capacitation and fertilization, and revealed the infertility mechanism of this kind of patients.
8. Innovative drug research
A series of research platforms and new methods for new drug creation have been established and improved, and many candidate drug targets have been found. It is the first time in the world that CD146 molecule is selectively expressed in tumor vascular endothelial cells, which provides a new target molecule for the screening of new anti-tumor drugs. More than 80 novel enzyme, receptor and cell-level screening models, including matrix metalloproteinase Qualcomm screening and tumor angiogenesis inhibitor screening, have been established, and a number of lead compounds and candidate new drugs with new structures or novel pharmacological effects for major diseases have been found. Three new drugs, Shipulin (ZT-1) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Salvicine (Salvicine) and Lidamycin (Lidamycin), have entered clinical research. Among them, Shipulin has completed Phase II clinical trials in more than 30 hospitals in Europe, which may become a new drug for China to go global and produce remarkable economic and social benefits. Some achievements in innovative drug research have been supported by the 863 Program and major scientific and technological projects, or cooperative development relations have been established with enterprises.
9. Bone induction theory of biomedical materials
This theory has gained international recognition, clarified that biomaterials can induce bone formation, confirmed the important conditions of inducing bone formation from two aspects of materials science and biology, and established a relatively complete original bone induction theory. A new generation of osteoinductive bone developed based on this theory has obtained the production registration certificate of the State Food and Drug Administration, and more than 400 clinical trials have achieved good results.
Multiple sets of data show that the border shopping tour shows a booming development momentum by pressing the ＂accelerate button＂ for entry and exit.
CCTV News:On August 18th, Zhuhai New Hengqin Port was opened for four years. In the past four years, with the continuous promotion of the construction of Hengqin Guangdong-Macao deep cooperation zone and the continuous improvement of the software and hardware facilities at Hengqin Port, the personnel exchanges between Hengqin and Macao have continuously set a new record for customs clearance, and the total number of entry-exit personnel at the port has exceeded 48 million.
The reporter learned that the average daily passenger flow and traffic volume of Hengqin Port this year reached 57,000 passengers and 6,000 vehicles respectively, which doubled compared with 25,000 passengers and 2,700 vehicles four years ago. At the same time, this year, the single-day passenger flow at Hengqin Port exceeded 86,000, and the traffic volume exceeded 7,200, both of which were the highest levels since the opening of the new Hengqin Port. The high convenience of going in and out of Hengqin is gradually changing the living habits of Macao residents, and the demand of Hong Kong and Macao residents to go to Hengqin for home ownership, entrepreneurship and leisure tourism is also growing.
The deputy stationmaster of Hengqin Border Inspection Station of Zhuhai Border Inspection Station once introduced that, according to statistics, among the inbound and outbound personnel, about 39% are from the mainland who go to Australia for employment and study, about 26% are from Hong Kong and Macao residents, and about 24% are from the mainland who go to Australia. The characteristics of the people’s livelihood port of Hengqin Port "seven points for people’s livelihood and three points for tourists" are increasingly prominent.
In recent years, the infrastructure of the new Hengqin Port has been continuously improved, and the vehicle joint inspection system and the vehicle attendant inspection and release hall of five units in Guangdong and Macao, the first in China, have been launched successively, achieving highly convenient customs clearance for vehicles and vehicle attendants. At present, the customs clearance of goods and transport vehicles at Hengqin Port is being resumed in an orderly manner in stages, and the policy dividend is fully released to fully improve the efficiency of customs clearance services. At the same time, Hengqin Border Inspection Station has accelerated the construction of an intelligent car body inspection system, continuously optimized the customs clearance process of "Qin-Ao Tour Group" and "Frequent Traveler", and further created a highly convenient customs clearance environment for personnel to enter and leave.
Zeng Xiang said that since the beginning of this year, there have been more than 13 million passengers and about 1.4 million vehicles entering and leaving through Hengqin Port. It is expected that the total number of passengers entering and leaving the country will exceed 20 million and the traffic volume will exceed 2 million during the year. Facing the increasing passenger flow, Hengqin Border Inspection Station will continue to improve customs clearance services, optimize personnel customs clearance mode, and contribute border inspection wisdom to the rapid development of Qin-Macao integration.
As of August 17, the number of people entering and leaving Baiyun Port reached a five-year high this year.
The reporter learned from Baiyun Border Inspection Station that as of August 17, this year, Baiyun Border Inspection Station inspected 8.28 million entry-exit personnel, a five-year high.
With the continuous optimization of China’s visa policy for foreigners, the "circle of friends" of visa-free countries is constantly expanding. Baiyun Airport Port is the landing port of Guangdong’s 144-hour transit visa-free policy, and the Canton Fair and other activities have been held. Since this year, more than 2.46 million foreign tourists have entered and exited the Baiyun Airport Port for business travel, visiting relatives and studying, and visiting and communicating. The number of foreign tourists who entered the country through visa-free policy accounted for 28.5% of the total number of foreign tourists entering the country. Among them, more than 38,000 foreign tourists entered the country through 24/72/144-hour transit visa-free policy, up 54.2% year-on-year.
As one of the national large-scale international airport hubs, Baiyun Airport Port has a strong "flow" with obvious characteristics of "big entry and big exit", which plays an important role in promoting the exchange of Chinese and foreign personnel and promoting the development of foreign trade and economy.
According to the statistics of Baiyun Border Inspection Station, since the beginning of this year, the daily average number of people entering and leaving through Baiyun Airport Port has reached 40,000, and the peak passenger flow in a single day has exceeded 46,000. At present, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport has opened more than 80 international and regional passenger navigation points, and the total number of international and regional passenger flights entering and leaving Hong Kong exceeds 1,900 per week.
Chen Xiaoyun, deputy captain of the Eighth Team of Baiyun Border Inspection Station, said: "Since the beginning of this year, the port has opened, encrypted and restored more than 20 international and regional passenger routes from Guangzhou to Singapore and Istanbul, and will also open international passenger and cargo routes from Guangzhou to Belgrade in the near future. In order to actively respond to the rising trend of inbound and outbound passenger flow at the port, we continue to strengthen diversion guidance during peak hours, dynamically adjust channel settings, and continuously optimize the allocation of police force on duty to ensure efficient customs clearance, safety and smoothness. "
China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center: As of August 17, the number of people entering and leaving the cooperation center this year increased by 81% year-on-year.
Since August, the Sino-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center in Yili, Xinjiang has ushered in the peak of border tour, cross-border tour and shopping tourists. As of August 17, the number of people entering and leaving the cooperation center exceeded 4 million this year, up 81% year-on-year. Border shopping tour shows a booming development momentum.
According to the statistics of Horgos entry-exit frontier inspection station, since August, the number of people entering and leaving the cooperation center has exceeded 30,000, and the highest number of people in a single day is nearly 34,000. The reporter saw in the joint inspection hall of the China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Center that at present, 12 manual inspection channels and 10 quick inspection channels have all been opened. The on-site police guided tourists to enter in batches in an orderly manner to avoid congestion, and at the same time took various measures to ensure customs clearance efficiency.
Yan Kang, deputy captain of the Seventh Team of Horgos Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station, said that there are now more than 30,000 passengers entering and leaving the park every day. At the peak of passenger flow like this in the morning, the checkpoint will implement the "wrong customs clearance" measure, and open the fast inspection channel one hour in advance, effectively reducing the morning peak; In case of large-scale events and comprehensive exhibitions, the checkpoint will implement the "booking customs clearance" measure to ensure the safe and smooth customs clearance of inbound and outbound passengers to the maximum extent.
China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center is planned to be 3.43 square kilometers from China and 2.17 square kilometers from Kazakhstan. Up to now, there are more than 2,000 merchants in the China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Center alone, and there are more than 200 duty-free enterprises selling more than 1,000 kinds of goods from more than 40 countries. Visitors who enter the cooperation center can carry 8,000 yuan of duty-free goods every day.
It is related to travel, medical treatment, drug purchase, nucleic acid detection, etc., and it is the latest release in many places!
In the past few days, many places across the country have further optimized and adjusted epidemic prevention and control measures, involving travel, medical treatment, drug purchase, nucleic acid testing and many other aspects.
Beijing
Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission released on December 2: Since the first bus on December 5, when bus and subway operators verify health information,Passengers who have no 48-hour nucleic acid negative certificate shall not be refused to ride.
The Beijing Municipal Health and Health Commission said on December 1 that when medical and health institutions at all levels in Beijing check health codes,Patients without 48-hour negative nucleic acid results shall not be denied entry;Infants under 3 years old can be exempted from nucleic acid testing, and only the nucleic acid of the accompanying doctors can be tested; For critically ill patients, medical institutions shall not refuse to consult or delay treatment because there is no nucleic acid result.
From November 30, Beijing’s long-term home-based elderly, home-based office and learning personnel, infants and other people without social activities,If there is no need to go out, you can not participate in community nucleic acid screening.
Guangdong
On December 3, Guangdong Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau issued a notice: From now on, take public transportation, subway, taxi, internet car and other local means of transportation to scan the place code and check the green code of health code.No longer check the nucleic acid test certificate.
On December 2nd, a press conference on epidemic prevention and control was held in Guangzhou, Guangdong. The relevant person in charge introduced:From now on, all kinds of medical institutions at all levels in the city and district, ordinary outpatient and emergency personnel will pass by health code green code;Newly admitted inpatients and their accompanying staff shall be admitted with 24-hour negative nucleic acid certificate. In addition, from December 1st, Guangzhou citizens went to pharmacies to buy drugs, including 37 kinds of drugs in the Catalogue of Drugs to be Registered and Reported during Epidemic Period, and no longer checked the 48-hour negative nucleic acid certificate.
The Health and Health Commission of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province said on December 1 that at present, Guangzhou implements classified nucleic acid testing, adopts different nucleic acid testing strategies for different groups of people, carries out nucleic acid testing with specified frequency for risk positions and key personnel, and conducts "landing inspection" for migrant workers across provinces.Encourage families to bring their own antigen kits.
△ On December 1 ST, Guangzhou, the tip of "Employees in key industries should be thoroughly inspected, and residents do not need to be tested" was posted at the nucleic acid testing point.
Chongqing
The Chongqing Municipal Health and Health Commission introduced on December 2 that Chongqing’s public transportation has resumed one after another.Citizens only need to check the Chongqing-Kangma code when they take the means of transportation.However, it takes 72 hours to prove that nucleic acid is negative when entering public places.
The Chongqing Municipal Health and Health Commission introduced on December 1 that Chongqing has carried out corresponding frequency nucleic acid testing for centralized isolation personnel, home isolation personnel, high-risk areas and key populations in accordance with corresponding regulations.No longer carry out all-staff nucleic acid testing by administrative region.
Sichuan(Province)
From December 2nd, citizens of Chengdu, Sichuan Province will be able to enter public places and take public transport by showing their health codes in green, taking their temperature and scanning their place codes.No longer check the nucleic acid test certificate.
Sichuan Chengdu Health and Health Commission news on November 30,Chengdu citizens no longer need to show their negative nucleic acid certificates when they enter and leave communities and courtyards, but only need to show their own health codes.
Tianjin
From December 2nd, TianjinRail transit and buses cancel the inspection of 72-hour nucleic acid certificates.Passengers can take the bus with the cooperation of checking health code, scanning place code and measuring body temperature.
△ On December 2, Tianjin citizens took the subway.
Xinjiang
Since December 2, XinjiangCitizens in low-risk areas of Urumqi can move across regions.It is forbidden to go to high-risk areas.
Ningxia
From December 1 ST,Ningxia cancels the restrictions on personnel flow in low-risk areas.Residents in low-risk areas can travel normally. During the regional nucleic acid screening, in principle, they should stay in the community to complete the nucleic acid sampling. If they really need to leave the community before the nucleic acid sampling, they should complete the nucleic acid sampling on the same day.
Xizang
On December 2nd, Lhasa, Tibet issued an announcement on matters related to the application for registration in Tibet: the application targets are all foreign (returning) migrants outside the region and the city, and the floating population across counties (districts) in the city.Chengguan District flows with Liuwu New District, Economic Development Zone and Wenchuang Park, while Duilong Deqing District flows with Economic Development Zone and Liuwu New District without reporting.
Shanxi
Shanxi Taiyuan Education Bureau news on November 30,Students who take online classes every day can skip the daily nucleic acid test if they have no need to go out.
Liaoning (Province)
On November 30th, the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of COVID-19, Shenyang, Liaoning Province issued a notice: Except in high-risk areas, people who have no social activities, such as long-term stay-at-home elderly people, daily online students and home office workers,If there is no need to travel, you don’t need to do nucleic acid testing.
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