Image source: the idea of the worm

Due to the impact of the epidemic, today’s cross-border e-commerce has become more and more difficult. However, compared with the involution of domestic e-commerce, cross-border e-commerce is still relatively easy to do. As a result, it has also attracted a large number of people to join the cross-border e-commerce industry. However, there are so many cross-border platforms. How to choose as a small white who has just entered the cross-border business? Today, I have sorted out several mainstream cross-border platforms for you to refer to and compare.

No matter which platform you choose, it is very important to choose products, because it accounts for 60% of the whole cross-border business.

Amazon

One of the earliest cross-border platforms, it is also the first choice for many businesses to go to sea. It helps domestic businesses to seize the new opportunities of cross-border e-commerce, develop export business, expand the global market and build international brands. Moreover, the current Amazon has a fairly complete logistics and warehousing system, allowing businesses to concentrate on operating stores without worries.

But for other cross-border platforms, Amazon’s rules are relatively strict, and businesses need to operate in strict accordance with Amazon’s rules.

Advantages:

(1) large flow,Hundreds of millions of people visit the Amazon market every month, which can bring great exposure to goods.

② Perfect service:Amazon has a first-class service system, and its own FBA logistics storage system can handle inventory, packaging, shipping and transportation for merchants, so that you can concentrate on Amazon store operation.

③ It covers a wide range, with 17 sites at present.

Disadvantages:

① Expensive: It is more expensive to settle in FBA warehouse; Moreover, it must also ensure that the stored goods can be sold. If they cannot be sold, you will face the status quo of losing money.

② Great competition: Large flow means great competition. There are a lot of stores in Amazon that sell similar products to you. They may be the source of businesses, and they will sell at lower prices because of their own production. This makes you have to use price war to get higher traffic, but your own profits will be reduced.

Shopee：

Shopee is a relatively large e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia. Since its establishment in Singapore in 2015, Shopee’s business has rapidly covered more than 10 markets including Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan, China, making it the fastest-growing e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia.

Advantages:

Low entry threshold: in some sites, you don’t need to pay any deposit to enter Shopee, as long as you have a business license, self-employed or business license. However, due to the rapid development of Shopee in recent years, a deposit of 3,000 yuan is required for domestic settlement.

Traffic: According to official statistics of Shopee, 40 million users visit Shopee every month, which is the largest e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia.

Perfect warehousing and logistics system: Shopee has warehouses in China and does not need international logistics, so it can be delivered to domestic transfer stations.

Disadvantages:

Low unit price: Compared with Amazon, Shopee’s main market is Southeast Asia, and the traffic is relatively small; Moreover, the current e-commerce market in Southeast Asia is immature, with high return rate, immature logistics system and relatively low unit price.

Consumers don’t trust you when you start late: Shopee platform started late, and the Southeast Asian market is weak and still in the development stage. Therefore, many consumers don’t have high trust in it, and most of them use cash on delivery.

eBay

EBay is also an established cross-border website, and its main services are online auction, e-commerce, shopping malls and so on. EBay has 37 independent websites and portals around the world, covering more than 190 countries and regions.

Advantages:

Have special customer service: eBay has special customer service, which can be communicated by telephone or online conversation.

Relatively flexible; EBay can be priced in a variety of ways, such as bidding without reserve price, bidding with low price, selling at a fixed price, etc., and the marketing methods of goods are also diversified.

Disadvantages:

Background operation is more difficult: at present, eBay only displays in English, so it will be more difficult for those businesses with weak English.

High cost: eBay doesn’t provide customs clearance service, so domestic merchants need to handle customs clearance by themselves.

Difficult to review: eBay is more inclined to buyers, has strict requirements for merchants, and the refund process is very low.

AliExpress

The full name of AliExpress is AliExpress, which is a cross-border e-commerce platform built by Alibaba in the international market, and is also called "international Taobao" by many sellers.

Advantages:

Low entry threshold: AliExpress has a low entry threshold and active trading, which is very suitable for many small businesses to export quickly.

The transaction process is convenient and fast: the exporter does not need to have the qualification of enterprise foreign trade, and does not need to import and declare in person, and the import and export can be completed by the logistics party.

Disadvantages:

Great competition: As the entry threshold of AliExpress is relatively low, a large number of cross-border people have settled in, and the homogenization competition is serious. Most businesses can only gain advantages through low prices.

Low profit: AliExpress mainly focuses on developing countries and underdeveloped countries.

Summary:

Finally, I want to say that no matter which cross-border platform you choose, you must first understand what you want to buy and who to sell it to. Only by clarifying the relationship between people and goods, can the overall operational objectives be determined, and better operational strategies be formulated to obtain more orders.

(Source: Dora)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s cross-border position! This article is reproduced with the authorization of the original author, and it needs the authorization and consent of the original author. ?

On April 16th, BYD’s personalized brand Equation Leopard officially released a brand-new trendy SUV, with an official guide price of 133,800 yuan. Five versions of the model were launched, and the financial discount policy of up to 5,500 yuan and five major car purchase rights were launched simultaneously.

Titanium 3 is positioned as a "high-tech SUV". Inspired by "Star Wars Aesthetics", it innovatively creates a "one machine, three cabins" trend configuration, equipped with an "E+2C" intelligent three-piece suit and an "iCT" safety three-piece suit, achieving all-round leapfrog in terms of technology, space and configuration, and is committed to making "the whole people share high-tech products".

Three leapfrog experiences to create a new benchmark for "high-tech products" SUV

Titanium 3 opens a differentiated experience with "one machine and three cabins". The "One Machine" refers to the Lingyuan vehicle-mounted UAV system built by BYD and DJI, which supports accompanying shooting and one-click filming to create a new interesting and practical intelligent entertainment experience.

The "3 Cabin" includes a 151L front cabin, an intelligent ecological cockpit and a convenient rear cabin: the central control is equipped with a 15.6-inch large screen and a Divare stereo, and the seat supports one-button tilting and exclusive air mattress to create a mobile "big bed room"; 28L’s rear "small schoolbag" design is both fashionable and practical, meeting the needs of multiple storage.

The "iCT" safety three-piece set escorts travel, including iTAC intelligent torque control system, CTB vehicle safety architecture and TSC high-speed tire puncture stability control system, which comprehensively improves the active and passive safety performance of vehicles.

The intelligent three-piece set is online, and the performance and control are all advanced.

In terms of intelligent driving and control experience, Titanium 3 is equally sincere. Its intelligent EVO+ platform is equipped with iATS system which can automatically identify various road conditions. At the same time, it only takes 18 minutes to support 30-80% fast charging at room temperature, and the charging time at low temperature is shortened by 40%.

The vehicle adopts a million-class McPherson+five-link independent suspension with the same front double-ball joint and the same rear, with a high-performance motor of 20,000 rpm, achieving an acceleration of 4.9 seconds per 100 kilometers. In terms of intelligent driving, Titanium 3 is equipped with "Eye of God" high-order intelligent driving assistance system and Yunqi -C intelligent damping body control system to further enhance the handling fluency and ride comfort.

The five rights and interests are full of sincerity, and buying a car in 0 yuan is not a dream.

Titanium 3 will be delivered as soon as it is listed, providing multiple financial solutions: 0 down payment (up to 5 years’ long loan), 0 interest (50% down payment, 24 interest-free installments) and 0 monthly payment (50% down payment and 50% final payment, up to 1 year’s monthly payment). In addition, car buyers can also enjoy 6,000 yuan replacement subsidy, free 7kW charging pile and basic installation service, 2-year 5G car traffic and OTA upgrade, 6-year/150,000-kilometer vehicle warranty and three-power system lifetime warranty.

Tide reform plan goes online, creating exclusive personalized titanium 3

Titanium 3 also launched the world’s first front face modular dressing system, breaking the traditional design formula and realizing "a variety of titanium". The "Titanium 3 Face Change Plan" and 12 joint schemes of tide reform are launched simultaneously, and users can make one-click appointments and change clothes in stores through the official mall. On April 23, Equation Leopard will also launch the "Titanium 3 Tide Reform Co-creation Competition", set up a dual track for the whole people and professionals, invest millions of bonuses, and invite users to create a feast of personalized tide reform.

Everyone can enjoy the latest technology products. BYD Equation Leopard Titanium 3Strengthen the market layout of compact SUVNow it has been fully listed, and users can make a snap purchase through Equation Leopard Auto APP, WeChat applet or national stores to start a new life.

Also as a BYD SUV model, on April 16th, Tengshi N9 passed the certification of China Automobile Research Institute, an authoritative organization, and once again set a new global fishhook test record at a speed of 180 km/h.. Tengshi N9 has also become the first model in China to obtain the hook test certification from an authoritative organization. The fishhook test, also known as the "dead corner", is the test to maximize the simulation of high-speed obstacle avoidance emergency steering, and it is also the most stringent verification standard for vehicle handling stability and rollover prevention, which can test the emergency steering stability and show the extreme safety performance of Tengshi N9.

CCTV News:Statistics from the General Administration of Customs show that in the first half of this year, China’s cross-border e-commerce increased by 10.5% year-on-year, which has become a new engine and new potential for China’s foreign trade growth.

According to the preliminary calculation of the Customs, in the first half of 2024, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in China reached 1.22 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.5%; It is 4.4 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate of China’s foreign trade in the same period. From 1.06 trillion yuan in 2018 to 2.38 trillion yuan in 2023, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in China has increased by 1.2 times in five years.

China’s cross-border e-commerce is booming. In 2023, there were more than 7 billion cross-border e-commerce and cross-border mail express shipments under customs supervision, with an average of about 20 million pieces per day. In this regard, the customs has continuously innovated its supervision methods, developed and applied a cross-border e-commerce import and export supervision system, and made efforts to improve the efficiency of cross-border e-commerce customs clearance. At the same time, take a series of measures to ensure that it can be connected quickly and managed.

Guangzhou: Innovative export pooling mode Cross-border e-commerce ran out of "acceleration"

Nowadays, cross-border e-commerce has become a new trade bridge that directly links global consumers and producers, and everyone can participate. Domestic consumers watch the live broadcast with goods on the short video platform, and they can drink red wine from France as soon as possible after placing an order; Foreign consumers can put on the latest fashions from China in just two or three days with a click of the mouse on the e-commerce platform.

As a "Millennium Capital", Guangzhou has advantages in logistics, warehousing and goods categories, attracting more than 1,000 cross-border e-commerce enterprises to do business in Guangzhou, forming a complete cross-border e-commerce ecosystem from preferential policies and platform agglomeration to convenient logistics and financial innovation.

Entering the Nansha Comprehensive Bonded Zone, which is located in the south of Guangzhou and the geographical center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, more than 100 kinds of goods are being put on shelves in an orderly manner in the warehouses of cross-border e-commerce enterprises, thousands of packages are slipping from the conveyor belt, and the staff are skillfully packing and loading cars.　

Zhang Yuyuan, a four-level researcher at Guangzhou Customs Postal Supervision Office, said: "At present, the cross-border e-commerce retail imports in Guangzhou are mainly food, cosmetics, leather products, etc., involving 1075 tax codes and 163 import countries and regions, covering five continents."

Enterprises develop in "selling the world" and consumers benefit from "buying the world". In recent years, cross-border e-commerce imports have become more and more abundant. Hot-selling goods such as household dishwashers, video game equipment, ski equipment, beer and fitness equipment have been added to the list of cross-border e-commerce retail imports, and the tax number of the listed goods has reached 1474.

Zhang Yuyuan introduced: "At present, Guangzhou’s cross-border e-commerce industry has three characteristics: First, the import demand is large, and the import scale has remained the first in the country for nine consecutive years since 2015. In the first seven months of this year, the value of cross-border e-commerce imports in Guangzhou reached 16.22 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.7%, involving more than 23.7 million consumers. Second, the proportion of imported mainstream e-commerce platforms continues to increase. Third, the types of goods are still dominated by consumer goods. "

With the rise of "Made in China" and the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce exports, the online ordering and consumption patterns of "fast fashion" retail goods such as domestic fashion clothes and clothing bags are widely favored by overseas consumers. However, online shopping for fast-selling goods often needs to be returned due to the mismatch of sizes and consumers’ dissatisfaction with the wearing effect. The problem of "difficult return" in cross-border online shopping has once become a difficult problem for consumers and cross-border export enterprises.

Li Qi, deputy section chief of Nansha Customs Cross-border E-commerce Supervision Section under Guangzhou Customs, said: "Unpacking, sorting, shelving, storage and re-export are completed in one stop in the warehouse of the comprehensive bonded area, and enterprises are also supported to store the goods returned overseas in the same warehouse as the goods exported by cross-border e-commerce. ‘ Turnkey ’ Distribution and container transportation not only reduce the cost of setting up return warehouses overseas, but also save management and logistics costs for enterprises and further improve the cross-border e-commerce export industrial chain. "

Relying on the export return policy of cross-border e-commerce special areas, cross-border e-commerce export enterprises can also integrate logistics warehousing and management teams inside and outside the special customs supervision areas into the same warehouse operation, so as to reduce the logistics management cost of consolidated export commodities by 30%. In the first seven months of this year, the cross-border e-commerce export consolidation project in the special customs supervision area of Guangzhou Customs delivered nearly 50 million parcels, and related enterprises saved nearly 1.25 billion yuan in international logistics and transportation costs.　

Since the centralized mode of cross-border e-commerce export in the special customs supervision area has landed, it has attracted many leading cross-border e-commerce export enterprises to enter the area to carry out related business. In the first seven months of this year, the import and export value of cross-border e-commerce export in the special supervision area of Guangzhou Customs exceeded 20 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nearly five times. The warehouse area in the comprehensive bonded area was 330,000 square meters, which led to more than 3,000 jobs.

Shandong: "Summer Economy" Hot Cross-border E-commerce New Track

In the scorching sun, "summer products" have become hot commodities snapped up by foreign consumers, and the export volume of cross-border e-commerce seasonal commodities has increased significantly, adding new vitality to China’s foreign trade.

A few days ago, in the cross-border e-commerce supervision center of Yantai Comprehensive Bonded Zone, 24 container vehicles drove out of the customs supervision bayonet one after another, loaded with seasonal products such as "cool summer clothes", "sunscreen" and "outdoor products", and will soon be sent to South Korea by liner. This summer, foreign consumers snapped up "Made in China" in succession, and the number of packages exported by cross-border e-commerce increased significantly.

Zhan Xiao Bin, general manager of the supply chain company, said: "At present, the sales of summer commodities on major e-commerce platforms are booming, and the volume of goods in places has increased greatly, with an average daily shipment of nearly 100,000 orders and an average daily turnover of 20 container trucks. In July this year, we have exported 2.15 million cross-border e-commerce orders to Korea, with a value of more than 43 million US dollars, up 13.7% year-on-year. In August this year, we expect to exceed 2.2 million orders. "

While the volume of export orders has increased substantially, the timeliness requirements of cross-border e-commerce have also improved significantly. Customs and other departments have strengthened the support of scientific and technological equipment, improved the port operation and customs clearance inspection capabilities, and ensured that e-commerce products can go to sea quickly in season.

In the first seven months of 2024, Qingdao Customs supervised the import and export of cross-border e-commerce by more than 97 million votes, a year-on-year increase of 26%; Among them, more than 15 million votes were imported and exported in July, a year-on-year increase of 23%.

Zhejiang: Exports of sporting goods increased by 26.9% in the first seven months.

In this summer, from the European Cup to the Olympic Games, from sports equipment to peripheral products, a large number of "Made in Zhejiang" figures are active in the field of sports economy brought by large-scale events. Cross-border e-commerce, as one of the highlights of Zhejiang’s foreign trade, has also become a "new track" for "Made in Zhejiang" exports.

Xu Xiaobing, the statistics and analysis department of Yiwu Customs under Hangzhou Customs, said that with the holding of international sports events such as the European Cup and the Olympic Games, the export of sporting goods in Yiwu ushered in a "big year" this year. 1— In July, Yiwu exported 5.81 billion yuan of sporting goods and equipment, a year-on-year increase of 37.8%.

Zhejiang e-commerce enterprises can seize the business opportunity of "event economy" without the mature industrial chain formed by the first-Mover advantage of Zhejiang cross-border e-commerce industry and the efficient logistics network. In the first cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zone in China, batches of cross-border e-commerce retail export commodities have arrived at the customs supervision place of Hangzhou Bonded Logistics Center. After rapid customs supervision and release, these cross-border e-commerce commodities will be freely exported through five airport ports in the Yangtze River Delta region, including Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport and Shanghai Pudong Airport, according to the capacity of freight flights.

Chen Min, customs manager of international freight forwarding company, said: "Generally speaking, after overseas consumers place orders on cross-border platforms, 5-mdash; You can receive goods from domestic sellers within 7 days, which also encourages more overseas consumers to choose domestic e-commerce companies to place orders. "

At present, the average daily export of cross-border e-commerce parcels by Hangzhou Bonded Logistics Center has exceeded 100,000. Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, near the logistics center, has greatly improved the "capacity" and freight capacity of airport freight by opening the country’s first "multi-layer structure+intelligence" international cargo terminal and encrypting all freight routes. Up to now, Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport has opened a total of 27 all-cargo flights, of which 12 routes are "bound" to the top 25 airports in the world in terms of cargo and mail throughput, providing strong logistics support for cross-border e-commerce commodity exports in Zhejiang. At the end of July, Hangzhou Airport also opened an all-cargo flight from Hangzhou to Osaka, Japan, and the cross-border e-commerce products exported to Japan achieved "the next day".

Bao Minwei, the second-level organizer of Hangzhou Xiaoshan Airport Customs Comprehensive Business Division II, which belongs to Hangzhou Customs, said: "We embed the customs supervision operation chain into the enterprise logistics operation chain, relying on the construction of smart customs, such as using some intelligent screen comparison, intelligent drawing review and intelligent sorting to further reduce the customs clearance time. 1-mdash this year; In July, the outbound freight volume of Hangzhou Airport reached 96,700 tons, up 53.7% year-on-year, of which the outbound freight volume of cross-border e-commerce reached 65,200 tons, accounting for nearly 70% of the total export freight volume of the airport port, showing ‘ E-commerce of freight ’ The characteristics of. "

According to statistics of Hangzhou Customs, 1-mdash; In July, Zhejiang’s sporting goods exports reached 18.5 billion yuan, up 26.9% year-on-year, 19 percentage points higher than the average growth rate of Zhejiang’s exports, among which exports to France increased by 53.3%.

　　China Construction Group is committed to transforming and upgrading traditional construction with scientific and technological innovation, vigorously cultivating and developing new quality productivity, promoting the systematic and large-scale application of scientific and technological achievements of various innovative subjects in the construction industry, promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation in the direction of "productization, industrialization and marketization", striving to create a second growth curve of high-quality development and better serving the people’s yearning for a better life.

　　Recently, the list of the first batch of industrialization promotion products of China architecture was released, including 11 major products such as "Building a Good House". The third issue introduces the modular building products of "building a house like a car".

01 Zhongjian Hailong: MiC Modular Integrated Building

　　The modular integrated building (MiC) technology independently developed by China Construction International Group’s Zhongjian Hailong Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Zhongjian Hailong") breaks through the traditional construction method and realizes the industrial breakthrough of "building a house like a car". This technology divides architectural science into several functional modules in the design stage, completes the high-precision prefabrication of the whole process of structure, decoration and equipment in the factory, and then transports it to the site to quickly assemble and embed it into a complete building.

△ Building 8, Huapichang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing

　　As the lead unit of the National Key R&D Plan "Research and Application of Key Technologies in Modular Integrated Building Construction" in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, Zhongjian Hailong has built three mature product systems, namely concrete (C-MiC), steel structure (S-MiC) and X-expansion module application, covering multiple scenarios such as houses, schools, hospitals and hotels. For example, the first concrete modular high-rise building in China-Shenzhen Huazhang newly built affordable housing, five nearly 100-meter high-rise buildings only took one year to complete hardcover delivery; The first concrete modular "original demolition and original construction" project in China-the reconstruction project of No.8 building in Beijing Huapichang Hutong, achieved rejuvenation in three months, and was awarded "Best Practice Project of Beijing Urban Renewal".

Five core advantages help the construction of "good house"

　　Safe and durable:The industry-leading modular integrated building technology system, with structural performance equal to/equivalent to cast-in-place, fully meets the rigid safety requirements such as earthquake resistance and disaster prevention.

　　Healthy and comfortable:Before decoration, the indoor air quality is better than the health standard. The factory integrates integral bathroom, high-performance doors and windows, etc., and the air tightness of the building reaches Grade 8, and the sound insulation performance exceeds the three-star standard of green building.

　　Green and low carbon:In the whole life cycle, carbon emissions are reduced by 8.39%, waste emissions are reduced by 75%, material waste is reduced by 25%, and manpower is saved by 70%, which significantly reduces the consumption of water, land and energy.

　　Smart and convenient:With the support of digital tools in the whole process, the BIM model can be seamlessly connected with the intelligent operation and maintenance system, providing a visual digital base for later management.

　　Still quiet in the people:More than 70% of the working procedures are in front of the factory, the construction period is shortened by more than 60%, the construction interference is minimized, and quiet operation can be realized in downtown areas.

Cscec: ME-House modular building

△ME-House modular building intelligent production line

　　The ME-House modular building of China Construction Science and Technology Co., Ltd. is based on the box-type steel structure main body and factory integration technology, and realizes the high-precision prefabricated integration of enclosure system, electromechanical pipeline and interior. The building module units produced by the intelligent production line are quickly assembled by all bolts after arriving at the site, and green operation and maintenance are realized by relying on the energy and carbon management system, forming a rapid construction system with high integration of industrialization, intelligence and greening, and realizing end-to-end high-quality delivery of "from materials to components, from components to complete products".

　　ME-House achieved five technological breakthroughs in modular building innovation, won the first prize of 2024 Huaxia Construction Science and Technology Award, and was certified by IPA6, IPA20 and IPA30 of Hong Kong Buildings Department:

　　High-level breakthrough and reuse:Breaking through the core technology of 100-meter-high and detachable, the high-performance self-positioning grouting connection node was pioneered to improve structural safety and installation efficiency, and a modular building system with seismic grade of 8 degrees was built, and the construction period was shortened by 50%;

　　AI design, intelligence and efficiency:Self-developed AI design platform to realize the intelligent design of the whole process from three-dimensional model to production bill of materials, and the design efficiency is improved by 80%;

　　Flexible production line and intelligent production;Self-developed intelligent production line of steel modules with flexibility, high precision (±2mm) and high efficiency, with a substitution rate of 80%, with a daily output of 50 modules;

　　Digital twins and intelligent management;Through the building information model technology, the whole chain of design-production-construction is opened, and the project management efficiency is improved by 50%;

　　Green, low carbon, comfortable and energy-saving;The energy-saving rate can reach 83% by self-research and application of high-performance enclosure system and optimization of sound and heat insulation effect.

△ The first batch of modular buildings with more than 7 floors in China-Shenzhen Bay Area International Convention and Exhibition Hotel

　　ME-House modular building is widely used in five kinds of scenes, such as hospitals, schools, office buildings, residences and hotels. At present, it has successfully built the first batch of simple public housing in Hong Kong-SS M518 project, and the first batch of modular buildings with more than 7 floors in China-Shenzhen Bay Area International Convention and Exhibition Hotel.

Cscec: CMC steel-concrete modular building

　　CMC steel-concrete modular building products independently developed by China Construction Science and Technology have integrated the advantages of steel and concrete modular building structural systems, and achieved the goal that modular houses are safer, more durable, healthier and more comfortable, and less expensive.

△CMC steel-concrete modular intelligent building production line

　　The intelligent production line of CMC steel-concrete modular building, which produces CMC steel-concrete modular building products, is also independently developed by China Construction Science and Technology. It has realized the whole process of intelligent production from building raw materials, parts and components, wallboard to housing module units, the industrialization ratio has increased to 80%, the manufacturing accuracy has been compressed to millimeter level, reaching "one wall for 12 minutes, one room for 2 hours", the construction period has been shortened by 50%, and the construction waste has been reduced by 80%. The production line has been appraised by academicians and experts, reaching the international leading level.

△ The CMC module hoisted on the No.1 Innovation Building project of Beijing Daxing International Aviation Community is produced by Hebei Gaobeidian CMC product intelligent production line.

It takes only 2 hours to produce a module unit.

　　The steel consumption of CMC steel-concrete modular building products is 1.2 to 1.4 times that of traditional reinforced concrete buildings, and the seismic performance is better. The fire resistance limit exceeds 3 hours, and the external wall is integrally cast to form seamless anti-leakage, and the waterproof and sound insulation performance is significantly improved. The factory completed the assembly decoration of the module unit, and adopted the quick-loading pipeline system to avoid "opening the wall and drilling holes". If there is no formaldehyde, it will be installed immediately, and the maintenance cost will be reduced by 80%. CMC steel-concrete modular building products are suitable for residential, school, hotel, hospital and other scenes. (Corporate Culture Department, Technology and Design Management Department, China Shipping Group, China Construction Science and Technology, and China Construction Science and Technology contributed)

Science and Technology Daily reporter Zhang Wei correspondent Wu Qi

On April 20th, on the occasion of the 56th World Earth Day, a construction site in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province opened its doors to popularize the technological achievements of low-carbon construction for the citizens.

"This is the pier of the bridge, just like the’ leg’ of the bridge. Under our feet is an integrated ladder cage and an outer frame platform used for pier construction. Different from other construction sites, these facade platforms are composed of modularity, just like building blocks, which can be assembled by themselves according to production needs, which reduces the steel loss by 25% compared with traditional scaffolding, which is both environmentally friendly and efficient. " The technician of Zhenghe Avenue Project of China Railway Eighth Bureau, the construction party, said.

"In the past, we were faced with all units in the industry. This time, opening the door to the general public is not only a test of the project construction level, but also enhances the communication between enterprises and society." At the activity site, Yang Zhiqiang was introducing the energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, green construction techniques and the results of resource recycling applied in the project construction to the surrounding residents who came to visit.

Walking into the construction site, there was no smoke and dust generated by mechanical exhaust, and rows of piers rose from the ground to take shape. The standardized and intelligent construction scene made the visiting residents stop to take pictures. Yang Zhiqiang said: "This is an automatic dust monitoring system, which can be intelligently linked with the enclosure spray device. When the values of PM2.5 and PM10 on site exceed the standard, the system will automatically trigger the spray to let the dust’ fall to the ground’, thus realizing dynamic control." Not only do environmental protection in the enclosure be well implemented, but the project department also upgraded the automatic car washing device at the entrance and exit of the construction site. The sewage after precipitation and filtration can be used for secondary washing of vehicles and sprinkling water on roads to suppress dust. Through recycling, the construction water can be saved by 2000 tons on site every year.

From the construction point of view, it is not an easy task to achieve low carbon. Since entering the site, the Zhenghe Avenue project team of China Railway Eighth Bureau has insisted on integrating the concept of "zero carbon" into the construction details, and introduced a number of environmental protection measures in view of the high energy consumption and high pollution points in traditional construction. Through the linkage of mechanization+intelligence+greening, the project construction has started at full speed.

According to Jiang Yong, the person in charge of the project, the idea of reducing carbon in the project department starts from "replacement" and "reduction". For example, after the construction wastes are classified, hard wastes such as concrete blocks and masonry are broken into construction access roads, steel scraps are recycled into safety guardrails, and wood scraps are processed into temporary facility templates, with a comprehensive utilization rate of over 60%; The temporary facilities on the site are all made of reusable materials, and 70% of the components can be reused after the project. In addition, the introduction of solar outdoor lighting in the living quarters of the construction site can save about 12,000 kWh of electricity every year.

"It’s really not the same as the imagined construction site. I used to worry that the production of construction sites nearby would affect my life. Today, I see that there are so many scientific and environmental protection measures to ensure it, and my heart is much more practical!" Ms. Zhang, a surrounding resident who participated in the event, said with emotion. As a key project in Huishan District, Wuxi City, the construction of the bridge substructure of the project is currently in full swing. Talking about the follow-up construction plan, Jiang Yong said that in the future, the project department will actively apply AI technology to help in resource allocation and further realize the carbon reduction goal of the project construction.

(Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　CCTV News:At the beginning of 2024, in Zhejiang, a major foreign trade province, many enterprises have embarked on a new journey of "going out to sea" to grab orders. Not long ago, Zhejiang released the foreign trade data of the whole province in 2023. In 2023, the total import and export volume of Zhejiang reached 4.90 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.6%. Among them, the export was 3.57 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.9%; Imports reached 1.33 trillion yuan, up 6.7%.

　　Zhejiang Province proposes that it will do everything possible to stabilize foreign trade and optimize foreign investment, continue to lay a good combination of "stabilizing expansion and adjustment", further promote the action of "thousands of enterprises expand the market to increase orders", and cultivate new foreign trade formats and models such as overseas warehouses and digital trade to ensure that the share of exports in the country is basically stable. In the new year, Zhejiang government and enterprises joined forces to seize the start, laying a solid foundation for new achievements in foreign trade in the new year.

　　In the past 10 years, the company has seized the opportunity of the rapid growth of textile and garment industry in the countries that jointly built the "Belt and Road", done a good job in market segmentation according to the market characteristics of the countries that jointly built the "Belt and Road", and established extensive cooperative relations with customers in the countries that jointly built the "Belt and Road".

　　Just over 8,000 kilometers away in the China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone, the first overseas factory of Caidie’s "Belt and Road" countries has officially laid the foundation stone. Compared with Butterfly, China Jushi, located in Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, has taken the lead in setting up factories overseas in the Belt and Road Initiative.

　　In 2012, China Jushi set up a factory in Egypt. In 10 years, Jushi Egypt’s glass fiber production capacity jumped from 80,000 tons to 340,000 tons. The rich local mineral resources and human resources have been effectively utilized, which directly promoted local development and directly created more than 2,000 local jobs.

　　Enterprises are in action and the government is not idle. In 2024, Zhejiang Province will launch a new round of "thousands of enterprises" to expand the market and increase orders. In the first quarter, the province planned to organize 385 delegations, and planned to organize more than 4,000 enterprises with more than 6,000 people, including 128 delegations in January, with more than 1,500 enterprises planned. In 2024, we will strive to organize more than 1,000 delegations and more than 10,000 enterprises in the province to expand overseas and support more than 100 provincial-level key exhibitions.

　　In 2023, Zhejiang’s foreign trade withstood multiple pressures such as sluggish external demand and falling prices, and its import, export and import all achieved positive growth. The bright data also shows that the diversified expansion of Zhejiang enterprises in the trade market is effective, and emerging markets are gradually becoming mature markets.

　　According to statistics, in 2023, Zhejiang imported and exported 2.55 trillion yuan to countries that jointly built the "Belt and Road", an increase of 8.2%, accounting for 52.1% of the province’s total import and export value, and contributing 89.5% to the province’s import and export growth.

　　The "second generation of factory" has undergone drastic transformation and upgrading, and foreign trade has made new development.

　　As a big province of private economy, Zhejiang’s "private foreign trade" has distinct characteristics. The data shows that Zhejiang private enterprises continue to play the role of "ballast stone" in stabilizing foreign trade. In 2023, the number of private enterprises with import and export performance in Zhejiang exceeded 100,000 for the first time, reaching 102,000, and the total import and export accounted for more than 80% of the province’s foreign trade for the first time, driving the province’s foreign trade growth rate by 5.6 percentage points.

　　Behind the development of private foreign trade, the reporter found that from the early days of reform and opening up, private enterprises developed and expanded, and the older generation of factory directors seized the opportunity to save their family business to the period of transformation of old and new kinetic energy. A group of "post-80 s" and "post-90 s" young people took over the baton of their parents and became the "second generation of factories". Facing the current complicated foreign trade situation and the new environment of traditional manufacturing industry, how did they break through the trend?

　　Ke Qiao, Shaoxing, Zhejiang is the largest textile trade distribution center in the world. With the change of economic environment, the cost of labor and raw materials has risen sharply, but the order volume has dropped sharply.

　　Shao Lingbin, the second generation of the factory, took over the enterprise in 2016. When it first took over, the enterprise still followed the traditional way of foreign trade development, relying on the mode of "receiving orders and producing" to make profits. However, with the intensification of product homogenization competition and the dilution of profits, the factory has fallen into a dilemma of development. As a last resort, Shao Lingbin began a drastic road of transformation.

　　Shao Lingbin aims to be the top-notch in the industry, investing 10 million yuan in research and development expenses every year, setting up a special team and hiring high-end designers from all over the world with high salaries. After more than three years of research and development, the enterprise finally broke the technical monopoly of foreign enterprises on acetic acid fabrics, and became the national development base of acetic acid and polyester fashion fabrics in one fell swoop, successfully filling the gap in the domestic market.

　　Yang Wei is a "post-80s" and a "second generation factory". At the beginning of the new year, the smart factory built by the enterprise with an investment of 150 million yuan has been partially put into production. During this time, he is busy purchasing equipment and checking the production line.

　　In fact, when he first planned to do intelligent transformation, Yang Wei also encountered many voices of doubt.

　　Yang Wei told reporters that after intelligent transformation, the production capacity of enterprises has increased by 50% and the production efficiency has increased by 30%.

　　Breakthrough of 1% to 10% The number of cross-border online stores in Zhejiang has increased by 20,000 annually.

　　With the rapid development of globalization and Internet technology, cross-border e-commerce has become a new kinetic energy for foreign trade development. At present, there are 199,000 active export online stores in Zhejiang Province, with an increase of 23,000 in 2023. The proportion of cross-border e-commerce goods in foreign trade has also increased from less than 1% in 2015 to nearly 10% in 2023. From "1" to "10", cross-border e-commerce is bringing new business opportunities to thousands of enterprises in Qian Qian.

　　In a scooter manufacturer in Yongkang, Zhejiang, workers are rushing to make a batch of orders sent to Europe before the Spring Festival. In 2024, they just switched from domestic sales to cross-border e-commerce, and have already completed millions of dollars in sales.

　　A cross-border e-commerce "zero-based" enterprise like this can not achieve such results in a short time without the guidance and training of service companies. Ruan Xueqing is the team leader responsible for the operation of this enterprise’s cross-border e-commerce project. In 2024, one tenth of the projects they received were pure domestic trade enterprises transformed into cross-border e-commerce.

　　Nowadays, there are more and more domestic trade enterprises aiming at overseas "track". However, due to the different standards and needs of the domestic and foreign markets, the problem of "acclimatization" will also occur when domestic and foreign trade turn to each other. In the R&D department of this fitness equipment enterprise in Hangzhou, technicians are testing an intelligent spinning bike, which will be sold simultaneously in the international and domestic markets.

　　Since 2022, this enterprise has been "going out to sea" through cross-border e-commerce brands, and its export sales have doubled, which is almost the same as domestic sales. In a promotion activity of overseas e-commerce platform, one of their rowing machine products sold 4500 units in two days, equivalent to domestic sales for half a year.

　　According to the data of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce, in 2023, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in the province was 512.93 billion yuan, an increase of 18.9% year-on-year. Among them, the export was 393.28 billion yuan, an increase of 24%.

Beijing Medical Insurance No.41 [2022].

The medical insurance bureaus of all districts, the Social Affairs Bureau of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, and the designated medical institutions:

　　In order to continuously improve people’s sense of gain, happiness and security in medical treatment settlement in different places, according to the spirit of the Notice of the National Medical Insurance Bureau and the Ministry of Finance on Further Improving the Direct Settlement of Medical Treatment in Different Provinces of Basic Medical Insurance (No.22 [2022] of Medical Insurance), this Municipality further improves the direct settlement of medical treatment in different provinces of basic medical insurance (hereinafter referred to as direct settlement) and regulates the management of direct settlement services. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, improve the direct settlement policy

　　(a) unified hospitalization, general outpatient and outpatient chronic diseases direct settlement fund payment policy. The medical expenses for inpatient, general outpatient and outpatient chronic and special diseases directly settled by the insured shall, in principle, implement the payment scope and relevant regulations (payment scope of basic medical insurance drugs, medical service items and medical consumables) stipulated by the insured place, and implement the relevant policies such as the basic medical insurance fund Qifubiaozhun, payment ratio, maximum payment limit and outpatient chronic and special diseases.

　　(two) to clarify the scope of medical records in different provinces. Insured persons in this city can apply for inter-provincial medical record when they need medical treatment in different places. After the record, the insured persons can enjoy direct settlement service in the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions where medical treatment is filed.

　　(3) Standardizing the validity period of inter-provincial medical records in different places. Insured persons in this Municipality may, when filing medical treatment in different places across provinces, choose their own effective period of filing according to actual needs, and the effective date and deadline of filing shall be subject to the date of system registration. When the insured person’s place of filing for medical treatment or unit, insurance type and other insured relationships change, it is necessary to go through the filing procedures again, and the original filing validity period will automatically expire after re-filing.

　　(4) It is allowed to re-submit medical records in different provinces and places, and the injured insured without third-party liability can enjoy direct settlement services. Before the settlement of the insured’s inter-provincial medical treatment in different places, the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions shall provide direct settlement services for the insured. If the insured person who goes to different provinces for medical treatment goes through the filing formalities according to the regulations after being discharged from hospital at his own expense, he can apply for manual reimbursement of medical insurance according to the regulations of the insured place. At the same time, the medical expenses of trauma without third-party liability that meet the management regulations of medical treatment places can be included in the direct settlement scope.

　　Two, standardize the direct settlement management services

　　(a) simplify the inter provincial medical record. Insured persons in this city need to go through the inter-provincial medical record before seeking medical treatment in different places. The filing procedures can be handled through online and offline channels, such as the national medical insurance service platform APP, the national remote medical filing applet, the the State Council client applet or the window of each district agency, by registering my information and signing a personal commitment letter.

　　(two) clear the scope of direct settlement. When the insured persons in this city apply for medical treatment in different provinces for the record, in principle, the medical treatment place only needs to be put on record in the co-ordination area where the medical treatment place is located. All the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions in the co-ordination area for the record medical treatment are designated medical institutions for the insured persons in different places, and they can enjoy hospitalization, general outpatient service or direct settlement service for drug purchase. The insured persons in this city who seek medical treatment for special diseases in different provinces need to be filed with the designated medical institutions at the place where they seek medical treatment. In principle, two designated medical institutions can be selected for a special disease, and they can seek medical treatment in the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions that have opened the direct settlement service for corresponding outpatient chronic and special diseases, and the treatment expenses related to special diseases can enjoy direct settlement service.

　　(three) standardize the insured to medical insurance electronic certificate, social security card. Insured persons who seek medical treatment in different places across provinces should take the initiative to show their insured status in the designated medical institutions networked across provinces where they seek medical treatment, and produce valid certificates such as medical insurance electronic certificate or social security cards. Inter-provincial networking designated medical institutions should do a good job in the authentication of insured persons in different places, guide those who have not filed for the record to go through the filing procedures in time, and provide reasonable and standardized diagnosis and treatment services and convenient and fast settlement services for insured persons who meet the requirements of medical places.

　　(4) Standardize the direct settlement process. When medical treatment is directly settled in different provinces, the medical treatment place should upload the cost information to the national medical security information platform according to the unified requirements of the state for direct settlement between designated medical institutions and insured persons connected across provinces. If it cannot be settled directly for some reason, the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions should also upload medical expenses details, diagnosis and other medical information, and support the pilot online processing of manual reimbursement.

　　(five) the unified management of medical treatment. Medical insurance agencies at all levels should bring medical personnel from different places into the unified management of this Municipality, and provide the same services and management as the insured in this Municipality in terms of medical information recording, performance appraisal, medical behavior monitoring, cost audit, total budget, etc., and make it clear in the medical security service agreement of designated medical institutions; Explore the application of medical insurance payment reform in medical settlement in different places, and guide designated medical institutions to make reasonable diagnosis and treatment.

　　(six) to strengthen the collaborative management of medical services across provinces. Medical insurance departments at all levels should gradually improve the working mechanism, form a coordinated management system of inter-provincial medical services in different places with clear division of labor, clear responsibilities and unified processes, and comprehensively improve the coordinated management ability of inter-provincial medical services in terms of problem coordination, online reimbursement, cost investigation and information sharing.

　　Three, strengthen the management of medical funds across provinces and different places.

　　The medical insurance fund payment part of the inter-provincial medical expenses in different places shall be paid in advance and then liquidated. Inter-provincial medical expenses in different places shall be settled in full on a monthly basis in accordance with the unified national clearing method. The municipal medical insurance agency and the municipal finance department shall, in accordance with the detailed rules for the implementation of direct settlement of medical treatment in different provinces of Beijing (Annex), coordinate in the allocation and collection of clearing funds. Bank charges and bank bill fees incurred in the process of allocating funds for medical treatment in different provinces shall not be charged in the fund. The interest generated by the advance payment in the financial special account of the medical treatment place belongs to the medical treatment place.

　　Fourth, improve the support for standardization of medical insurance informationization

　　(a) continue to deepen the national unified medical insurance information platform for the whole business process application. Medical insurance departments at all levels should solidly promote the dynamic maintenance and deepening application of coding in accordance with the unified national norms and requirements, improve the management system of medical insurance operation and maintenance of information technology, continuously improve the level of medical insurance data governance, and provide strong system support for direct settlement.

　　(2) Continue to optimize and improve the system. Medical insurance departments at all levels should constantly optimize system performance, reduce response time and effectively improve the direct settlement experience of insured persons in accordance with the unified national interface standards and specifications. When the medical insurance system stops and switches, it should be reported in advance, verified in the process and monitored afterwards to ensure that the data migration is timely, complete and accurate, to solve the influence of information changes such as personal number on the business in transit, and to ensure the smooth connection of business and the stable operation of the system.

　　(3) Strengthen system operation and maintenance management and security. Medical insurance departments at all levels should continue to build professional and reliable operation and maintenance management teams, build operation and maintenance management processes in infrastructure, network security, cloud platforms, business subsystems and other fields, and form a scientific and effective operation and maintenance management system. Implement safety management responsibilities, improve system safety operation and maintenance capabilities, strengthen information system boundary protection, prohibit cross-provincial networked designated medical institutions from connecting the information system of medical insurance system to the Internet, standardize cross-provincial medical identity verification, and ensure data security. Standardize the quality control standard of abnormal transaction error information, classify the problems, describe the reasons of errors concisely and easily, facilitate the problem location of abnormal transactions, and respond to them in time.

　　Five, strengthen the supervision of direct settlement funds

　　Medical insurance departments at all levels should earnestly implement the regulatory responsibilities of medical treatment places and insured places. As a place for medical treatment, direct settlement should be regarded as the key content of daily supervision, special inspection and flight inspection, and all kinds of fraudulent insurance fraud should be severely cracked down. At the same time, it is necessary to cooperate with medical insurance departments in different places to do relevant verification; As an insured place, it is necessary to regularly analyze the use of medical insurance funds across provinces and different places, accurately lock the clues of suspicious problems, and actively carry out problem verification to ensure the safe and rational use of medical insurance funds.

　　Medical insurance departments at all levels shall, in accordance with the spirit of this circular, take direct settlement as an important task to deepen the reform of the medical security system, strengthen organizational leadership, coordinate and promote, and do a good job in publicity and training to ensure a smooth transition of direct settlement in this Municipality.

　　This notice shall be implemented as of January 1, 2023. If the previous documents are inconsistent with this notice, this notice shall prevail.

Beijing Municipal Medical Security Bureau　　　　

December 30, 2022　　

　　Guangming Daily, Beijing, September 17th (Reporter Li Yun and Wang Xiaofei)Recently, National Cultural Heritage Administration held a working meeting on the important progress of the major project "Archaeological China" in Beijing. The four archaeological projects of this workshop are the latest achievements in the excavation and research of early city sites in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which are all in the early development stage after the formation of Chinese civilization. These latest achievements show the historical process of China’s prehistoric civilization and the formation and development of early countries.

　　Excavation site of Xiaoyuliang stone building in Bicun site, Xing County, Shanxi Province Xinhua News Agency issued

　　　Shicheng Site in Houchengzui, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia: Prehistoric Prototype of "Tunnel War"

　　■ Project introduction:The Shicheng site of Houchengzui is located in Qingshuihe County, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with an area of about 1.38 million square meters. Archaeological findings show that this site of Longshan period, which is more than 4,000 years ago, has a triple defense system: the first defense system consists of the outer urn city wall, horse face, abutment and outer ring trench; The second defense system consists of the urn city wall, the abutment and pier arranged on the urn city wall, and the inner ring trench; The third defense system consists of the main city wall, the main city gate and two horse faces arranged on both sides of the main city gate.

　　The most amazing thing is that two underground passages were found under the outer urn. Sun Jinsong, dean of the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, said that the two tunnels have both offensive and defensive functions. The widest part of the passage is 3.4 meters, the deepest part is 6.3 meters, and the top of the passage is 2.4 meters, so that people can travel without hindrance. After deduction, it can be seen that people outside the city can enter the urn through the tunnel at that time, and then shunt into the city wall to reach the interior of the main city. Of course, the reverse is also possible. Are these two tunnels the remains of "tunnel warfare" more than 4,000 years ago?

　　■ Expert comment: Song Jianzhong (researcher of National Cultural Heritage Administration Archaeological Research Center)

　　In recent ten years, archaeology has continuously promoted fine excavation and multidisciplinary cooperation. There are three levels in the area of Shenmu Shigao site in Shaanxi, Shicheng site in Houchengzui, Inner Mongolia and Bicun site in Xingxian, Shanxi. Shigao site has the largest area and the highest level, while Bicun site has the smallest area. Moreover, the three sites are all buildings made of stone and wood, and they are similar in cultural appearance. Therefore, I think Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia should work together, adhere to the problem orientation, study the context of the three sites, and make clear whether there is synchronicity among them. These will certainly promote the study of the large regional form in the north.

　　Pottery unearthed from Bicun site in Xing County, Shanxi Province, Xinhua News Agency issued

　　　Bicun Site in Xing County, Shanxi Province: An Important Guancheng along the Yellow River around 4000 years ago.

　　■ Project introduction:Bicun Site is located in Xingxian County, Luliang City, Shanxi Province, dating from 4000 to 3700 years ago. It is the first confirmed large-scale Shicheng settlement in Longshan period along the Yellow River in Shanxi Province, and it was also an important Guancheng at that time.

　　Xiaoyuliang site is the core area of Bicun site. Archaeologists have discovered a group of stone buildings, the second house in the middle is the central house, and the houses on the other two sides are arranged progressively to the west on this axis. The walls and floors of these houses have been carefully treated, and the walls are smeared with grass and mud. There is a ground stove in the house, and the maximum diameter of the stove reaches 2.6 meters. In addition to the house in the central building, there is a house in the northwest corner, which was a large studio in the early stage and divided into small compartments in the later stage. "It is particularly noteworthy that there are steps in the northwest corner of the room near the north wall. We speculate that this may be a post." Zhang Guanghui, a researcher at Shanxi Institute of Archaeology, introduced. Bicun site is located at the key road between the west and the Central Plains, and the inner and outer city walls have a relatively strict defensive layout. The city gate is backed by the Yellow River and faces the east, and checkpoints are set up everywhere. Therefore, "we speculate that this is an important checkpoint". In addition, the gate of the site is composed of three large piers in the shape of "pin" in the east, south and north, which shows a unique gate shape of Shicheng site in Hetao area.

　　■ Expert comment: Han Jianye (Professor, School of History, Renmin University of China)

　　The gate structure of Bicun Ruins is not only practical in layout, but also very neat in symmetrical structure, with a ceremonial nature. Houchengzui site and Bicun site are similar in age, and both are in the early development stage of Chinese civilization, which may be closely related. The next step should be to explore the relationship between sites in a wider scope in the north, such as what is the relationship between Bicun site and Shimao site? What is the relationship between Bicun Site and Shimao Site and Xia Dynasty? What is the relationship between cattle and sheep unearthed from Bicun site and Eurasian grassland? These relationships still need to be sorted out.

　　Gold Covered Surface Unearthed from M2 of High-grade Noble Tomb in Zhengzhou Shangcheng Site Xinhua News Agency

　　　Erlitou Site in Yanshi, Henan Province: How many more pieces are added to the Wangdu puzzle?

　　■ Project introduction:Erlitou site is located in Yanshi District, Luoyang City, Henan Province, with an existing area of 3 million square meters, which is generally considered as the capital site in the late Xia Dynasty by academic circles.

　　Before, I only knew the "Jiugongge" layout of Erlitou site, but the details were not clear. The latest archaeological excavations show that there are rammed earth walls on both sides of roads in many cities, and the outer sides of many areas outside the palace area and workshop area are also separated and protected by fences. There are different levels of buildings and tombs in different grids, and each grid may be inhabited by different people. Zhao Haitao, an associate researcher at the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that all these indicate that Erlitou Capital probably has a layout of "living in different areas, living outside the area, and integrating residence and burial".

　　The latest excavation also found the remains of pottery making for the first time in the site, and unearthed more than 800 pieces of pottery with red paint on the surface, suggesting that there may be lacquer making workshops around; Nearly 100 square meters of bone and horn processing workshops were found in the southwest corner of Miyagi. The discovery of these new workshops is helpful to study the manufacturing process and technology of handicraft industry.

　　■ Expert comment: Lei Xingshan (Professor, School of History, Capital Normal University)

　　The discovery of Erlitou site "Jiugongge" is a major breakthrough in Xia cultural archaeology. Lifang system was once an important system in the city, but it appeared relatively late. The "Jiugongge" in Erlitou is the "Li" that can be confirmed.

　　In the past archaeological work, turquoise workshops were found. Now, workshops for making bone horns and lacquerware have been found, which has strengthened some characteristics of Erlitou as the capital. It can also be seen from archaeological discoveries that although the ages and crowds are not the same, there are similar cultural features in the ruins far and wide. The similarity and continuity of cultural characteristics and the identity and inheritance of cultural genes are vivid examples of the pluralism and continuity of Chinese civilization.

　　The remains of the bone-making workshop, which was carefully excavated for the first time at Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan Province, were issued by Xinhua News Agency.

　　　Shang Dynasty Cemetery in Shuyuan Street, Shangdu, Zhengzhou: First Discovery of Gold Covering in the Early Shang Dynasty in Central China

　　■ Project introduction:The Shang Dynasty cemetery in Shuyuan Street, Shangdu, Zhengzhou is located in the southeast of the inner city of Zhengzhou Shopping Mall site. It is a high-grade aristocratic cemetery in the early and middle period of Shang Dynasty, where a rare gold overlay was unearthed.

　　Two east-west trenches were found on the north and south sides of the cemetery, and the tombs were mainly distributed between the two trenches. Tomb No.2 is the tomb with the largest number, the richest variety and the highest level of funerary objects found at present. Besides a large number of bronzes, there are also gold coverings with a gold content of 88% and a weight of 40 grams, as well as gold ornaments such as gold bubbles and gold foils, which provide new reference materials for discussing the gold masks appearing in Sanxingdui and the cultural style of gold decorations in southwest China. Huang Fucheng, a researcher at Zhengzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that the phenomenon of dog martyrdom at the bottom of Tomb No.2 was very rare in the early and middle Shang cultures, which provided a new understanding of the source of dog martyrdom culture in later high-level tombs such as Yin Ruins in Anyang.

　　■ Expert comment: Chen Xingcan (researcher, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

　　The age of Shang Dynasty cemetery in Shuyuan Street, Shangdu, Zhengzhou is in a critical period between the early Shang Dynasty and the middle Shang Dynasty, one period earlier than the Yin Ruins and one period later than the lower culture in Erligang, Zhengzhou. In the past, tombs were rarely found in the early and early stages of the Shang culture in Zhengzhou, especially high-grade large tombs, so the discovery of this large tomb is of great significance. Gold wares began to appear in Shang Dynasty, but they were very few. Such a large number of gold ornaments, such as the gold overlay unearthed in M2 tomb, provided us with new research materials to study the relationship between the appearance of gold wares and Eurasia grassland and the West.

　　Schematic diagram of the Shicheng site in Houchengzui entering the city through the tunnel Photo courtesy of National Cultural Heritage Administration

　 　 　 　Recently, AHA has just released the 2020 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)-Cardiovascular First Aid (ECC) Guide. The guide is divided into five parts, namely, basic and advanced life support for adults, basic and advanced life support for children, life support for newborns, resuscitation education science and rescue system.

Adult basic and advanced life support　

　 　 　 　Despite the progress in recent years, less than 40% of adults received CPR initiated by non-professionals, while less than 12% received AED first aid before EMS arrived. AHA adult IHCA and OHCA survival chain

(Click to enlarge, the same below)

Emergency procedures for adult cardiac arrest

Opioid-related emergency procedures for non-professional emergency personnel

Opioid-related emergency procedures for medical staff

Flow chart of treatment after recovery of spontaneous circulation in adult cardiac arrest

Suggested methods for multimodal neural prediction of adult patients after cardiac arrest and recovery of autonomic circulation

ACLS flow chart of pregnant women with cardiac arrest in hospital

Main new and updated suggestions in 2020 　　　

Non-professional rescuers should start as soon as possible.

CPR2020 (updated)：We recommend that non-professionals perform CPR on patients with possible cardiac arrest, because if the patient is not in a state of cardiac arrest, the risk of injury to the patient is low.

2010 (old):　If the adult suddenly falls down or the unresponsive patient’s breathing is abnormal, the non-professional rescuer should not check the pulse, but assume that there is cardiac arrest. The medical staff should check the pulse within no more than 10 seconds. If the pulse is not clearly touched within this time, the rescuer should start chest compressions.

Reason: New evidence shows that patients who receive chest compressions when they are not in cardiac arrest have a lower risk of injury. Non-professional rescuers cannot accurately determine whether the patient has a pulse, and the risk of not performing CPR on patients without a pulse exceeds the harm caused by unnecessary chest compressions.

Physiological monitoring of CPR quality

2020 (updated):　It may be reasonable to use physiological parameters such as arterial blood pressure or ETCO2 to monitor and optimize CPR quality when feasible.

2015 (old):　Although there is no clinical study to investigate whether adjusting resuscitation operation according to physiological parameters during CPR can improve the prognosis, it may be reasonable to use physiological parameters (quantitative carbon dioxide waveform, arterial diastolic pressure, arterial pressure monitoring and central venous blood oxygen saturation) to monitor and optimize CPR quality, guide vasopressor drug treatment and detect ROSC when feasible.

Reason: Although it is an established concept to monitor the quality of CPR by physiological monitoring methods such as arterial blood pressure and ETCO2, new data support its inclusion in the guidelines. According to the data of AHA’s "Follow the Guide-Resuscitation" registration study, the possibility of ROSC is increased when using ETCO2 or diastolic blood pressure to monitor CPR quality.

The monitoring depends on the existence of endotracheal intubation (ETT) or arterial catheterization. Adjusting the compression target so that the ETCO2 value is at least 10 mm Hg, ideally 20 mm Hg or higher, may be useful as a CPR quality marker. The ideal goal has not yet been determined.

Dual continuous defibrillation is not supported.

2020 (new):The usefulness of dual continuous defibrillation for refractory shockable rhythm has not been determined.

Reason: Double continuous defibrillation refers to the practice of using two defibrillators to perform electric shock almost simultaneously. Although some case reports show a good prognosis, the ILCOR system review in 2020 found no evidence to support dual continuous defibrillation, so routine use is not recommended. There are many forms of bias in existing studies, and observational studies have not shown improvement in prognosis. A recent experimental RCT shows that changing the direction of defibrillation current by repositioning electrode pads may be equivalent to the effect of dual continuous defibrillation, while avoiding the risk of injury caused by energy increase and defibrillator damage. According to the current evidence, it is not clear whether dual continuous defibrillation is beneficial.　　

Venous access takes precedence over intraosseous access.

2020 (new):It is reasonable for practitioners to try to establish venous access for drug administration in patients with cardiac arrest first.

2020 (updated):If venous access is not successful or feasible, we can consider using intraosseous access instead.

2010 (old):If there is no ready-made venous (IV) access, it is reasonable for practitioners to establish intraosseous (IO) access.

Reason: In 2020, ILCOR systematically reviewed and compared intravenous and intraosseous administration during cardiac arrest, and found that venous pathway was related to better clinical prognosis in five retrospective studies. RCT subgroup analysis focusing on other clinical problems also found similar results when intravenous or intraosseous routes were used for drug delivery. Although venous access is the first choice, intraosseous access is also a reasonable choice for the situation that it is difficult to establish venous access.　　

Treatment and support during rehabilitation

2020 (new):　We suggest that survivors of cardiac arrest undergo multimodal rehabilitation evaluation and treatment in terms of physical, neurological, cardiopulmonary and cognitive impairment before discharge.

2020 (new):　We suggest that cardiac arrest survivors and their caregivers receive a comprehensive multidisciplinary discharge plan to incorporate medical and rehabilitation treatment suggestions and expected goals of activity/work recovery.

2020 (new):　We suggest a structured assessment of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress response and fatigue for survivors of cardiac arrest and their caregivers.

Reason: Patients with cardiac arrest need to go through a long rehabilitation period after initial hospitalization. Support is needed during rehabilitation to ensure the best physical, cognitive and emotional health and restore social/role functions. This process should start from the initial hospitalization period and continue as needed. These topics are discussed in more detail in the 2020 AHA scientific statement.

Analysis and summary of rescuers

2020 (new):　After cardiac arrest, it may be beneficial to organize non-professional rescuers, EMS implementers and hospital medical staff to analyze and summarize and provide follow-up for them in the follow-up for emotional support.

Reason: The rescuer may feel anxious or have post-traumatic stress reaction because of providing or not providing BLS. Hospital medical staff may also encounter emotional or psychological influence when treating patients with cardiac arrest. Team analysis and summary can review team performance (education and quality improvement) and identify natural stress factors related to the treatment of dying patients. It is expected that an AHA scientific statement dedicated to this topic will be released in early 2021.　　

Cardiac arrest in pregnant women

2020 (new):　Because pregnant women are more prone to hypoxia, oxygenation and airway management should be given priority during the resuscitation of pregnant women’s cardiac arrest.

2020 (new):　Because it may interfere with the recovery of pregnant women, fetal monitoring should not be carried out during the cardiac arrest of pregnant women.

2020 (new):　We suggest that pregnant women who are still unconscious after cardiac arrest and resuscitation should be managed by target temperature.

2020 (new):　During the management of target body temperature for pregnant patients, it is suggested to continuously monitor the fetus for the possibility of bradycardia, and consult obstetrics and neonatology.

Reason: Reviewed the recommendations on the management of cardiac arrest in pregnant women in the guideline update in 2015 and AHA scientific statement in 2015. Due to the increase of maternal metabolism, the decrease of functional residual capacity caused by pregnant uterus and the risk of fetal brain damage caused by hypoxemia, airway, ventilation and oxygenation are particularly important in the context of pregnancy.

　 　 　 　It is not helpful to evaluate the fetal heart during the period of maternal cardiac arrest, and it may also distract attention from the necessary resuscitation operation. In the absence of contrary data, pregnant women who survive after cardiac arrest should be managed by the target temperature like other survivors, and the condition of the fetus who may stay in the uterus should be considered.

Basic and advanced life support for children　

The causes of cardiac arrest in infants and children are different from those in adults, and more and more pediatric specific evidence supports these suggestions.

AHA children’s IHCA and OHCA survival chain

Flow chart of cardiac arrest in children

Flow chart of bradycardia in children with pulse

Flow chart of pulse tachycardia in children

Checklist of treatment after spontaneous circulation recovery in children with cardiac arrest

Important Issues, Major Changes and Enhancements in the 2020 Guide 　

The flow chart and visual AIDS were modified to incorporate the best scientific knowledge and provide clearer information for PBLS and PALS resuscitation implementers.

According to the latest data of children’s resuscitation, it is suggested that the frequency of auxiliary ventilation should be increased to once every 2-3 seconds (20-30 times per minute) for all children’s resuscitation scenarios.

For patients of any age who need to be intubated, it is recommended to use a cuff ETT to reduce air leakage and the need to change tubes.

The routine use of cricoid cartilage compression during intubation is no longer recommended.

In order to maximize the chances of obtaining a good resuscitation prognosis, epinephrine should be given as soon as possible, and ideally it should be given within 5 minutes after cardiac arrest with non-shockable rhythm (cardiac arrest and pulseless electrical activity).

For patients with arterial catheterization, the feedback from continuous measurement of arterial blood pressure can improve the quality of CPR.

After Rosc, the patient’s seizure should be evaluated; Status epilepticus and any convulsive seizures should be treated.

Patients with cardiac arrest need to go through a long rehabilitation period after their initial hospitalization, so their physiological, cognitive and psychosocial needs should be formally evaluated and given corresponding support.

When epinephrine or norepinephrine is infused when vasopressor drugs are needed, it is appropriate to adopt titration liquid management method for resuscitation of septic shock.

According to adult data, it is generally inferred that the balanced blood component resuscitation scheme is reasonable for infants and children with hemorrhagic shock.

Opioid overdose management, including seizures by non-professional rescuers or trained rescuers, should be treated.

Patients with cardiac arrest need to go through a long rehabilitation period after their initial hospitalization, so their physiological, cognitive and psychosocial needs should be formally evaluated and given corresponding support.

When epinephrine or norepinephrine is infused when vasopressor drugs are needed, it is appropriate to adopt titration liquid management method for resuscitation of septic shock.

According to adult data, it is generally inferred that the balanced blood component resuscitation scheme is reasonable for infants and children with hemorrhagic shock.

Opioid overdose management includes CPR by non-professional rescuers or trained rescuers and timely administration of naloxone.

Children with acute myocarditis with arrhythmia, cardiac block, ST segment changes or low cardiac output are at higher risk of cardiac arrest. It is important to be transferred to the intensive care unit as soon as possible. Some patients may need mechanical circulatory support or extracorporeal life support (ECLS).

Babies and children with congenital heart disease and single ventricular physiological function need special consideration in the management of PALS if they are in the process of staged reconstruction.

The management of pulmonary hypertension may include the use of inhaled nitric oxide, prostacyclin, analgesic drugs, sedative drugs, neuromuscular blocking drugs, induced alkalosis or ECLS rescue treatment.

Neonatal life support

Newborn resuscitation needs to be predicted and prepared by the implementers who have received individual and team training.

Most newborns do not need umbilical cord ligation or resuscitation immediately, but can be evaluated and monitored during the skin contact between mother and baby after birth.

Preventing hypothermia is an important concern of neonatal resuscitation. As a way to close the parent-child relationship, promote breastfeeding and maintain normal body temperature, the importance of skin contact nursing for healthy infants is strengthened.

For newborns who need support after birth, lung dilatation and ventilation are the primary tasks.

The increase of heart rate is the most important index of effective ventilation and response to resuscitation intervention.

Pulse oxygen saturation is used to guide oxygen supply and achieve oxygen saturation target.

Routine endotracheal suction is not recommended for active or inactive infants born in meconium-contaminated amniotic fluid (MSAF). Endotracheal aspiration is only applicable when airway obstruction is suspected after providing positive pressure ventilation (PPV).

If proper ventilation correction steps are taken (preferably including tracheal intubation), but the heart rate does not respond well to ventilation, chest compressions can be performed.

Electrocardiogram should be used to monitor the response of heart rate to chest compressions and drugs.

When newborns need vascular access, umbilical vein pathway should be the first choice. When venous access is not feasible, the intraosseous approach can be considered.

If the response to chest compressions is not good, it may be reasonable to provide epinephrine, preferably through the intravascular route.

If there is no response to adrenaline and there is a history or examination consistent with blood loss, the newborn may need to expand.

If all these resuscitation steps have been effectively completed, but there is still no heart rate reaction after 20 minutes, we should discuss with the team and the family members of the child to adjust the treatment direction.

　 　 　 　 Survival after cardiac arrest depends on the establishment of an organic system covering personnel, training, equipment and organization. Willing bystanders, owners equipped with AED, emergency service telecommunication personnel and BLS and ALS implementers working in EMS system can all contribute to the successful recovery of OHCA.

　 　 　 　Within the hospital, the work of doctors, nurses, respiratory therapists, pharmacists and other professionals also provides support for the prognosis of resuscitation. Successful recovery also depends on the efforts of equipment manufacturers, pharmaceutical companies, recovery teachers, guide compilers and many others. Long-term survival depends on the support of family members and professional nurses, including experts in cognitive, physical and psychological rehabilitation and recovery. All links in the whole system are striving to improve the quality of treatment in an all-round way, which is very important for achieving a successful prognosis.

　　The artificial meat company has just listed in the United States, and the artificial milk has come. Recently, Mike Shedlock, a columnist of MishTalk, a global economic research website, introduced artificial milk that is more environmentally friendly, healthier and more expensive. This makes many people lament that with artificial milk, the problems existing in milk can finally be solved.

　　Rumors about milk have never been broken. "Milk causes cancer", "Milk is not suitable for Chinese’s physique" and "Milk will send mankind to the grave" … … Are these terrible stories about milk circulating on the Internet true?

　　Rumor 1: Hormones in milk can cause cancer.

　　An article entitled "Milk sends human beings to the grave" was once heated up, causing widespread panic among the masses. According to the article, milk contains the hormone IGF-1. Women who drink too much will suffer from breast cancer and ovarian cancer, while men are prone to prostate cancer.

　　"The full name of IGF-1 is called insulin-like growth factor No.1, which has a similar effect to insulin, mainly regulating people’s blood sugar and promoting people’s growth and development. Judging from the current experimental or scientific evidence, it does not indicate that it has a carcinogenic effect. " Li Yajun, a professor at the School of Life Sciences of Guizhou Normal University, said in an interview with the Science and Technology Daily reporter.

　　In this regard, some experts have explained that IGF-1 is a protein with important physiological functions, which exists widely in human body. Milk does contain this hormone substance, but the content is very small. Previously, an epidemiological survey showed that IGF-1 seems to have a certain relationship with prostate cancer and other cancers, but so far there is no evidence that IGF-1 is the direct cause of cancer. "Having a certain relationship" does not mean that it will directly induce cancer. In addition, the amount of IGF-1 obtained by drinking milk is insignificant compared with the amount of IGF-1 contained in the human body itself. Moreover, IGF-1 in milk has no biological activity in human body after heating, digestion and absorption, let alone causing cancer.

　　In 2017, Song Xiaomei and other scholars from the School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences of Hebei University published a paper pointing out that the main argument of "milk carcinogenesis" comes from some epidemiological research results (especially for prostate cancer), but it often avoids intake, which is misleading to people who generally lack systematic health knowledge. Its argument is mainly the view of the China Health Survey Report compiled by Cornell University, the main purpose of which is to advocate people in Europe and America to change their bad eating habits mainly based on animal foods. However, the intake of dairy products by Chinese residents is far from the highest intake in European and American epidemiological studies (more than 600 grams per day), even lower than the recommended daily intake of 300 grams in the Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016).

　　Proverbs 2: Chinese was born unfit to drink milk.

　　In life, we often hear the saying that Chinese is mainly vegetarian, and its constitution is peaceful and cool, so it is useless to digest the cold and wet food such as milk. Therefore, more than 60% of Chinese people have diarrhea when drinking milk, which is because milk hurts spleen yang.

　　In this regard, Li Yajun said that for a long time, the academic community thought that milk was flat and sweet and did not belong to cold food. Many people in Chinese will have diarrhea when drinking milk, not because the milk is cold or the milk hurts spleen yang, but because the milk contains lactose, and these people lack enzymes to decompose lactose, which is reflected in the fact that they will not have diarrhea when drinking yogurt or soothing milk with lactose decomposed.

　　Adults in China drink less milk, and the body’s ability to decompose lactose will decrease — — Lactases that decompose lactose in the intestine are "unemployed" one after another, which leads to the basic shutdown of the "factory" that produces lactase. The lack of lactase in most people is caused by "using it and discarding it", rather than congenital lack of this gene. The vast majority of Chinese do not have congenital lactase deficiency, that is to say, Chinese is not born unfit to drink milk, just because he usually drinks too little. For non-congenital lactose deficiency, the ability to digest lactose can be restored through gradual adaptation.

　　Rumor 3: Drinking milk leads to various skin diseases.

　　Some people, especially infants, are prone to eczema after drinking milk, so there is a saying on the Internet: Never drink milk, which will lead to skin diseases such as eczema.

　　"This is a chronic allergic problem of food. Some people will be allergic and acne when drinking milk, but it cannot be proved that this food is inedible, because there are always a few allergic people. In fact, many people in life have different allergens, such as eggs, beef, seafood and even all kinds of fruits. We can’t say that everyone should not eat these things just because a few people are allergic. This is typical and a bit ridiculous. " Fan Zhihong, an associate professor in the Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science, China Agricultural University, said.

　　Li Yajun also said that this statement is not accurate. It is not milk itself that causes allergies, but some people may be allergic to protein contained in milk, so drinking milk will cause skin diseases, but this does not mean that there is something wrong with milk. Just like many people are allergic to pollen and seafood, there are various allergens. As individuals, it is good to avoid contact as much as possible in life. But it doesn’t mean that what is bad for this person is not good for others to eat.

　　Proverbs 4 Casein can increase the prevalence of many diseases.

　　An article entitled "The Great Harm of Milk! The online article "Milk, Meat, Fish and Eggs", which is suggested to be completely fasted, has far-reaching influence and makes many people have doubts about eating milk. The article points out that the research by Professor Campbell of Cornell University in the United States shows that protein in milk, especially casein, is a very strong cancer promoter, and it can increase the incidence of heart disease, diabetes, kidney calculi and hypertension. Li Piao, editor of the rumor mill of the shell network and an agronomy major, once said that Professor Campbell’s research on the carcinogenesis of casein in milk "is not the mainstream view in academic circles, and there is no stronger evidence to prove that milk can increase the risk of cancer". According to reports, Campbell’s experiment was to induce cancerous cells in rats by high dose of aflatoxin (a strong carcinogen), but it could not be directly concluded that casein had the same effect on healthy people. Moreover, Campbell also made it clear in an interview with the media that his research does not mean that dairy products can cause cancer.

　　Fan Zhihong said that this statement is purely a rumor, because existing studies have proved that casein in milk not only does not increase the risk of the above diseases, but is beneficial to the prevention of hypertension and stroke. A study of 64,191 women in China found that the intake of calcium, magnesium and dairy products was negatively correlated with the risk of diabetes. The nutritional epidemiological study of Institute of Nutrition of Chinese Academy of Sciences also found that the intake of dairy products was negatively correlated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin content, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and blood sugar.

　　In Li Yajun’s view, not only milk, but also human milk contains casein. Casein in dairy products is a kind of high-quality protein, which contains eight kinds of amino acids needed by human body, especially the combination of casein and calcium, which is beneficial to promote the absorption of calcium by human body. Reporter Fu Lili