Qingdao Haifeile Company is a scientific and technological enterprise. The professional fluid pneumatic valve products they produce are of excellent quality. They have received a large number of orders from foreign manufacturers and are in urgent need of funds to expand their production capacity. However, it is difficult for enterprises to obtain bank loans because they despise assets and lack collateral. At this time, the innovative patent pledge insurance loan business in Qingdao, Shandong Province, solved their urgent needs, and they pledged loans of 1 million yuan with 10 patents.

　　In Qingdao, there are countless cases of "knowledge-based" capitalization. Under the guidance of the government, insurance companies, banks, guarantee companies, patent agencies, insurance brokerage companies, etc. have jointly established a patent pledge insurance loan service alliance, forming a platform for market-oriented operation and professional services.

　　"The biggest feature of our platform is that the government guides, the market dominates, and the government’s financial funds are not at the bottom, allowing the market to play its closed-loop resource allocation role, thus establishing a long-term mechanism." Liu Jianzhi, director of Qingdao Intellectual Property Affairs Center, said.

　　The platform mentioned by Liu Jianzhi is called "Qingdao Patent Pledge Insurance Loan Alliance". At present, it has gathered 10 banks, 8 insurance companies, 4 guarantee companies, 7 patent service agencies and 1 insurance brokerage company. This platform links hundreds and more small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises.

　　"At the beginning of the establishment of the platform, it must be strongly promoted by the government," said Liu Jianzhi, a subsidiary of Qingdao Science and Technology Bureau — — When Qingdao Intellectual Property Affairs Center took the lead in building the patent pledge insurance loan alliance at first, it discussed and studied with financial institutions many times, and only a few service organizations such as banks, insurance, guarantees and intermediaries participated. "Now, the relevant professional service organizations are scrambling to participate, and the key is to solve the common problem of patent pledge loans ‘ Risk control is difficult ’ ‘ Difficult valuation ’ ‘ Difficult to handle ’ And other issues, opened up the market allocation of resources ‘ Ren Du Er Mai ’ " .

　　Why is there this "three difficulties"? There are many reasons, for example, the patent value is difficult to identify, and the evaluation value often deviates greatly from the actual transaction price; Another example is that if something goes wrong, the patent right is difficult to dispose of and realize; In addition, the relevant departments lack a coordination mechanism, and it is difficult for banks to link up the risk control chain alone.

　　Li Yingjie, director of the alliance office, told the reporter, "The alliance first established a collaborative mechanism. At the same time, the new loan model changed the bank’s 100% loan risk to 60%, 20% and 20% shared by insurance, bank and guarantee, which solved the problem that patents are intangible assets and brought high risks to bank loans, and changed the traditional practice that patent pledge financing was generally funded by government financial funds."

　　Li Yingjie introduced that the introduction of insurance is the key to form this chain. To this end, they also solved the problem of incompatibility between the upper regulations of the insurance industry and the banking industry. "The Insurance Law stipulates a 30-day indemnity period, and the overdue penalty interest of the bank generated during the indemnity period of the insurance company does not meet the underwriting conditions. The bank’s "General Rules for Loans" stipulates that overdue penalty interest belongs to the bank’s credit assets, and it cannot be settled without recovery. Through the participation of the guarantee company, we effectively solved this contradiction by using its compensation function to repay first, thus contributing to the successful cooperation between insurance companies and banks and realizing the work goal of insurance inciting bank loans. "

　　Professional services are also the basis for the market-oriented operation of this platform. They have established a risk resolution system of "recommendation, evaluation, responsibility, risk and loan". "Guarantee, insurance and loan" is the chain cycle formed by the above-mentioned guarantee, insurance, banking and other institutions; "recommendation" is mainly recommended by government departments, which is conducive to identifying whether enterprises have moral hazard; "Evaluation" refers to the introduction of patent service agencies, and the traditional patent evaluation is changed to the evaluation of the legal stability, technological advancement and economic growth of patent rights, with special emphasis on the evaluation of the ability of products operated by patented technology to create economic value, which makes banks, insurance, guarantee and other institutions have a clearer understanding of the patents to be pledged and solves the problem of difficult risk control.

　　"The problem of difficult disposal of pledged patents has also been effectively solved." Li Yingjie told reporters that at present, they have formed three modes of disposal, namely, equity swap, patent transaction and judicial auction, and have reserved trading resources such as venture capital institutions and patent trading platforms. "In the process of patent evaluation and due diligence, we have found out the relevant information of competitors of the patented technology pledged by loan enterprises, and targeted disposal is conducive to realizing high-value realization of patent transactions. Of course, our loan companies have not had loan risk problems so far. "

　　However, government departments use limited financial funds to help enterprises alleviate the problem of expensive financing. They reduce the financing cost by subsidizing the discount on patent pledge loans, subsidizing insurance premiums, subsidizing patent evaluation fees and encouraging patent evaluation institutions. Xu Kai, the financial director of Qingdao Runyang Company, calculated an account for the reporter. Their company used the patent right to pledge a loan of 2 million yuan, and the annual loan cost was only 5.3%. However, if they directly went to the bank for a loan, they needed to pay nearly 8% annual interest, "which is equivalent to saving the loan cost by more than 40%".

　　So far, the win-win effect brought by Qingdao patent pledge insurance loan model has been realized. The alliance has formed a positive cycle of marketization: banks, insurance, guarantee and other institutions have achieved low risk and high income; Intermediaries can obtain stable service fees; Science and technology enterprises get much-needed funds; The government has also achieved double growth in employment and tax revenue … …

　　Qingdao, a brand-new patent pledge insurance loan model, is full of vitality because of market-oriented resource allocation. Over the past two years since the implementation of the "Qingdao Model", the service alliance has accepted and completed the loan applications and patent evaluations of 150 enterprises, among which 77 enterprises that have issued loans have obtained a total of 269 million yuan in bank loans, and the accumulated insurance coverage amount is more than 285 million yuan. In fact, the finance allocated more than 7 million yuan, and the financial fund effect was expanded 35 times. "We conducted a follow-up survey of 23 enterprises that lent money in 2016. The income tax paid by them increased by 25% year-on-year, and the enterprises with double growth in sales revenue and profits accounted for 78.26%. There was no loss-making enterprise." Liu Jianzhi said. (Economic Daily China Economic Net reporter Liu Cheng)

　　　　(A) the original achievements made in the frontier field of science
　　　　1. NanoSCIENCE, life science, information science, earth science, mathematics, physics and chemistry have published a series of important papers in first-class magazines of science, NATURE and related disciplines, occupying an important place in the world.

　　　　Nonlinear optical crystals, quantum information and communication, and ultra-strong and ultra-short lasers are among the top in the world. A series of innovative achievements have been made in the fields of nanomaterials and nanostructures, protein’s structure and function, brain and cognition, animal cloning, molecular engineering for creating new substances, paleontology, marine science, etc., and the overall research level has been significantly improved, which has had an important impact in the world; Mathematical mechanization, symplectic geometry algorithm and other aspects to maintain China’s characteristics and advantages.

　　　　2. The research of nonlinear optical crystals keeps the leading position in the world.

　　　　Innovative achievements have been made in the design and growth of ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals and the development of prototype lasers. The fully transparent KBBF single crystal of 20×10×1.8mm3 was successfully grown, which broke through the limit that the thickness of the crystal never exceeded 1mm in the past. KBBF prism coupling technology is put forward for the first time in the world, which realizes the effective output of deep ultraviolet laser from 200 nm to 193 nm, thus jumping over the technical threshold of realizing deep ultraviolet frequency doubling light output and taking an important step towards the realization of the fourth generation light source, which will have a far-reaching impact on the competition of optoelectronic industry in the future.

　　　　3. Quantum information and communication research has achieved a number of important innovations with international influence.

　　　　In the research of preparation and manipulation of multi-particle entangled states, the preparation and manipulation of five-particle entangled states were realized for the first time in the world, and the teleportation of quantum states with "open terminal" was demonstrated experimentally by using a five-photon entangled source, which was rated as one of the top ten advances in international physics in 2004 by american physical society and European physics at the same time. In the aspect of quantum key distribution, an experimental scheme of quantum key distribution with good one-way transmission stability is designed, and a 150 km indoor quantum key distribution experiment is realized. Using the actual communication optical cable, the quantum key distribution with a length of 125 kilometers from Beijing to Tianjin via Xianghe, Hebei Province is realized.

　　　　4. The research of ultra-intense and ultra-short laser is in the forefront of the world.

　　　　Great progress has been made in the development of new principles and methods of CPA’s new generation ultra-short laser and the integration and innovation of miniaturized OPCPA ultra-short laser system, and the output power of 3.67TW has been achieved, and the CPA ultra-short laser device with high beam quality and world-class overall performance has been successfully developed. On this basis, a new phenomenon of double-peak splitting of high-order harmonic spectrum is observed experimentally for the first time, and a new mechanism of generating high-intensity correlated atomic beams by quantum coherent control of atomic system is proposed. The theoretical model and calculation method of non-perturbation quantum electrodynamics of strong-field interaction are established and applied to explain and predict the experimental phenomena of strong-field laser physics.

　　　　5. The research on nano-materials and nano-structures has made a series of innovative achievements, which is at the forefront of the world.

　　　　In the research of carbon nanotubes, the technology of preparing single-walled carbon nanotubes by combining template with organic catalytic pyrolysis is considered by foreign counterparts as one of the four main preparation methods of carbon nanotubes at present. The growth process of carbon nanotubes was proved by isotope labeling method, ultrafine carbon nanotubes were prepared by secondary discharge method, carbon nanotube wires were drawn by superparamagnetic carbon nanotube array, and preparation methods of double-walled nanotubes by floating catalysis method and large-scale preparation of carbon nanotubes by alcohol thermal reduction method were developed. In the preparation of ordered array of one-dimensional nanowires of GaN single crystal, coaxial nano-cables with the core of GaN and the outer layer of BN and the diameter of 50nm have been successfully developed, and the world’s thinnest probe with good performance has been assembled by using single-walled carbon nanotubes, which has had an important impact in the world. The work of polarized incandescent spectrum of carbon nanotube filament opens up a new way for the application of carbon nanotube in lighting field. It is found that the deformation process of bulk nano-copper is mainly controlled by grain boundary behavior rather than traditional lattice dislocation behavior. It is found that the twin interface induces the high strength and high conductivity of nano-copper, which shows that the material properties can be optimized through the structural design on the nano-scale. A new principle of binary synergism to produce superhydrophobicity is put forward, and interface structural materials with bionic superhydrophobicity function are designed and synthesized, and the "switching effect" of superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity reversible transformation controlled by temperature field and light field is found. Lead thin films with atomic flatness were successfully prepared on silicon single crystal substrate by low temperature growth method.It is also observed that the superconducting transition temperature and thermal expansion coefficient of lead thin films oscillate with the thickness of the films and other strange material properties.

　　　　6. A breakthrough was made in the study of protein’s structure and function.

　　　　The 3-D structure analysis of spinach light-harvesting complex (LHCII) with resolution of 2.72 was obtained for the first time. This is the first 3-D structure analysis of LHC II at atomic level so far, which is considered as a breakthrough in photosynthesis research in recent years. The research results were published in the journal NATURE in the form of an article. The crystal structure of mitochondrial respiratory chain membrane protein complex II and its inhibitor complex was successfully analyzed, which filled a blank in the study of mitochondrial respiratory chain and provided a real and available model for studying the electron transfer system of mitochondrial respiratory chain and human mitochondrial diseases related to this complex. The research results were published in CELL magazine.

　　　　7. Breakthrough in brain science research

　　　　A number of innovative achievements have been made in brain cognition, nerve signal transmission and nerve growth, and a number of important papers have been published in internationally renowned journals such as SCIENCE, NATURE and NEURON. The research on the choice of Drosophila in the face of dilemma clues has been initiated internationally. It is found that Drosophila can learn multiple clues of visual mode to guide flight orientation behavior, and it is proved that the mushroom body of Drosophila brain participates in the choice process, which provides a simpler model organism and a new choice paradigm for understanding this intelligent behavior of brain. In the study of the regulation mechanism of some basic processes of nerve development, it is found that a protein kinase called CSK has polarity in the development of nerve cells, and its activity in axons is lower than that in dendrites, which controls the polarity of nerve cells. In the research of cognitive science, the initial perception theory of topological properties is put forward, which challenges the dominant feature analysis theory for half a century. Further research has found the biological evidence of magnetic resonance imaging to support this theory.

　　　　8. Successful birth of transgenic intergeneric cloned fish.

　　　　It marks a new breakthrough in the basic research field of animal cloning in China. Intergeneric nuclear transfer was carried out with the blastocyst cells of the transgenic red carp (Cyprinus carpio var. rubra) with MThGH F4 as the donor and the enucleated eggs of goldfish as the recipient, and the transgenic inter-generic cloned fish was successfully obtained, and the new evidence that cytoplasm affected the development of cloned fish was found at the molecular level for the first time.

　　　　9. Important new breakthroughs have been made in immunology research.

　　　　A new DC subgroup with special negative immune regulation function was found, which challenged the traditional theory that mature DC no longer proliferated in traditional immunology, and was helpful to deeply understand the mechanism of immune response and the pathogenesis of many diseases.

　　　　10. Molecular engineering to create new substances

　　　　It has gathered 5 academicians in this field, 14 winners of the National Outstanding Youth Fund and 3 "innovative research groups" to carry out innovative research, made high-level research results, and published more than 40 papers in international authoritative magazines in the chemical field such as SCIENCE, NATURE, ACCOUNT OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH and JACS, which has had an important impact internationally.

　　　　11. Paleontological research

　　　　Based on the abundant paleontological data in China, a series of important discoveries and innovative achievements have been made in the origin of important biological groups such as metazoa, vertebrates and birds, the Cambrian biological explosion, the biological radiation in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the three biological extinctions in Paleozoic and their subsequent recovery, and the exploration of the basic laws of the co-evolution of biology and environment. The first author published 32 papers in SCIENCE and NATURE, which attracted great attention from international academic circles. Among them, the research on "Chengjiang Fauna and Cambrian Outbreak" won the first prize of National Natural Science Award in 2003; The Paibi section of Huayuan, Hunan Province was established as the first global boundary stratotype section ("Golden Nail") in Cambrian.

　　　　12. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau evolution and environmental effects

　　　　New views are put forward on the collision time limit, process and collision mode of the northern and southern edges of the plateau in India. High-resolution environmental records in different areas of the plateau have been established, revealing the characteristics of climate and environment changes in the past 20 thousand years, especially in the last 2000 years. The relationship between the uplift of Himalayas and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Asian monsoon climate is studied comprehensively and systematically for the first time. The results show that the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 10-8 million years ago led to the emergence of the Asian monsoon, and the accelerated uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 3.6-2.6 million years ago laid the basic framework of the Asian monsoon climate. It shows that the evolution of Asian monsoon is closely related to the periodic uplift of plateau.

　　　　13. Many breakthroughs have been made in the deep subduction of the mainland.

　　　　The continuous material composition, three-dimensional structure, material exchange between crust and mantle and geophysical state in the deep part of plate convergence boundary are revealed. It is proved that there was an important geological event in geological history when the plate carried a huge amount of material and dived deep into the mantle below 100 kilometers. It is found that the instability caused by dehydration of structural water (OH) in eclogite minerals can induce fractures and cause high-temperature earthquakes, which explains the cause of deep earthquakes in mantle transition zone. This achievement was published in NATURE magazine in 2004.

　　　　14. Marine scientific research

　　　　The theoretical framework of China’s offshore ecosystem dynamics is established, and it is the first time to establish a theoretical framework based on the ecosystem level. The quota fishing assessment and management model, taking fish as an example, found that the strategy of Daphnia sinensis to spend the summer in the shallow sea of temperate continental shelf is considered as one of the representative research achievements since the implementation of the international Global Marine Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) plan. At the invitation of members of the GLOBEC Scientific Steering Committee and the North Pacific Scientific Organization (PICES), it was reported at international scientific conferences many times, which had a great impact. In terms of the formation mechanism and variation of offshore circulation, the formation mechanism of Kuroshio "multi-core structure" in the East China Sea is revealed. It is found that the circulation exists in the outer shelf of the southern East China Sea, and the distribution and variation of "flow-vortex structure" are simulated. The evolution law of "multi-vortex structure" of South China Sea circulation is expounded. A wind-wave-tide-current coupled numerical model is developed.

　　　　15. Research on Mathematical Mechanization Method

　　　　This paper proves the "finite kernel" theorem of global optimization of a certain algebraic system, gives a complete global optimization method for this kind of system, provides a new method for global optimization in many scientific fields, and completes the automatic reasoning platform of mathematical mechanization. It is proved theoretically that any reversible linear transformation can be realized by integer, and a necessary and sufficient condition and a fast algorithm for integer realization are given. The "multi-component transformation" technology based on this theory has been adopted by the international standard of JPEG2000 image compression.

　　　　16. Large-scale scientific computing research

　　　　The adaptive algorithm, symplectic algorithm and multi-scale algorithm suitable for solving large partial differential equations are developed. Symplectic algorithm is used to assimilate atmospheric and ocean GPS data for the first time, and a new generation atmospheric circulation model GAMIL1.0 is established.

　　　　17. Research on high performance optimization algorithm

　　　　An innovative method that can quickly find the effective solution space and algorithm is developed, which improves the quality of stable solution and the calculation speed of solving very large-scale examples of the same scale traveling salesman problem by one order of magnitude respectively. Large-scale optimization algorithms such as multi-space search are developed and applied to Internet search, mobile communication and multimedia communication systems, VLSI design, intelligent power information management systems and other technical fields.

　　　　(B) the source of innovation in basic theory
　　　　1. Basic theoretical research on solidification and crystallization control of steel.

　　　　It is found that the regulation of grain refinement in metallurgical process can greatly improve the strength of steel. A new generation of steel materials developed by systematically integrating high clean steel production technology, high homogeneous solidification structure technology and deformation-induced transformation structure refinement technology is characterized by high cleanliness, high homogeneity and ultra-fine structure, and its strength is about twice that of ordinary materials at present. The achievements have been partially applied to automobile, construction and other industries, and are regarded by domestic metallurgical circles as a "revolution" to promote the structural adjustment, product upgrading and improve the technical level of the steel industry.

　　　　2. Key problems in industrial production of high performance polyolefin materials.

　　　　Based on the relationship between polymer chain structure and processability, this paper puts forward the theory of analyzing the flow stability of biaxial stretching, introduces rheological research into the improvement of polyolefin processability, designs the chain structure of BOPP film special material suitable for high-speed stretching, and develops an ultra-high-speed BOPP special material with a capacity of 400 m/min without basically changing the existing production equipment conditions, and the product quality exceeds that of imported products.

　　　　3. The theory and technology of diaspore bauxite reverse flotation are established for the first time in the world.

　　　　The principle of changing the interfacial interaction force between aluminum and silicon minerals to control dispersion is put forward, the structural model of high-efficiency collector for aluminosilicate minerals and the new idea of activated flotation are put forward, and the desilication technology prototype of "controlling dispersion-selective inhibition-enhanced collection" and the desilication technology of selective grinding-agglomeration positive flotation are formed. The original flotation desilication method and the improved Bayer process may expand the available bauxite resources in China by 2-5 times.

　　　　4. Some breakthroughs have been made in the research of optoelectronic devices, optical storage and information functional materials, and a series of achievements with independent intellectual property rights have been made.

　　　　In the research of quantum cascade lasers and detectors, gallium arsenic/aluminum gallium arsenic quantum cascade lasers and the world’s first short cavity single-mode strain compensation indium gallium arsenic/indium aluminum arsenic quantum cascade laser have been successfully developed, and the world’s first gallium indium nitrogen arsenic/gallium arsenic multi-quantum well resonant cavity enhancement detector has been developed. These achievements indicate that the research level of GaAs-based near-infrared optoelectronic materials and devices in China has entered the world’s advanced ranks. In the aspect of optical storage, a new generation of optical storage technology is developed by using multi-wavelength and multi-order optical storage method, which can greatly improve the storage density and capacity of optical disks without changing the numerical aperture of optical systems, thus doubling the capacity of optical disks and opening up a new way for establishing the optical disk industry with independent intellectual property rights in China. In the research of semiconductor optical amplifier, the polarization insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier with graded strain active region is proposed and fabricated for the first time in the world, and the semiconductor optical amplifier is fabricated by alternately growing tensile strain quantum wells and compressive strain quasi-materials for the first time. In the aspect of organic small molecule fluorescent materials, a series of phenol pyridine complexes with independent intellectual property rights were designed and synthesized. Breaking through the framework of studying microwave dielectric ceramics in traditional perovskite compounds, a new system of K2NiF4 MRAlO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with independent intellectual property rights was developed.

　　　　5. A series of outstanding progress has been made in the research of micro-nano electronic materials and devices and micro-electromechanical systems.

　　　　In the research of miniaturization of silicon-based integrated devices, a new CMOS device with a gate length of 27nm and a CMOS32 frequency division circuit with a gate length of 36nm have been successfully developed, which marks a new step in the research of chip miniaturization in China. In the research of compound semiconductor electronic devices, a PHEMT transistor with cutoff frequency exceeding 100GHz was successfully obtained, which laid the foundation for the development of InP-based devices in China. In the research of field emission flat panel display, silicon nanowire cold cathode with grid structure and WO3 nanowire cold cathode array have been developed, and the research results are first reported at home and abroad. The energy transfer model of thin air damping is proposed by integrating the research of MEMS. DBao model and air damping model of MEMS orifice plate structure? D modified Reynolds equation; According to the characteristics of MEMS structure, a new dynamic equation is established, and a micro inertial sensor with independent intellectual property rights is developed and applied.

　　　　(3) A number of key scientific problems have been solved in energy, resources and environment.
　　　　1. Many innovations have been made in efficient and clean utilization of fossil energy.

　　　　On the basis of revealing the mechanism of calcium-based desulfurization promoted by water, the medium temperature flue gas desulfurization technology was developed, and the desulfurization efficiency could reach 85-95% with only 4% water equivalent to wet desulfurization technology. The mechanism of plasma NOx reduction reaction is put forward and proved, and the new technology of NOx removal developed on this basis has been preliminarily popularized and applied. The basic research on catalysis for the optimal utilization of natural gas and coalbed methane pioneered the application theory and technology of ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy in in-situ and dynamic characterization of catalysis in the world, which was widely recognized by peers at home and abroad. The technology of preparing low-carbon olefins from synthetic gas made from natural gas and coal gasification by methanol and dimethyl ether was successful. A theory of anaerobic activation of methane is put forward, which opens up a new way to prepare chemical raw materials and hydrogen from natural gas.

　　　　2. Petroleum exploration and development and enhanced oil recovery

　　　　The grading evaluation method and index system of carbonate oil and gas source rocks are established, and four distribution prediction models and two development models of marine source rocks in China superimposed basin are put forward. It is put forward that the lower limit of organic matter abundance of carbonate rocks as source rocks is TOC=0.5%, which has played an important role in the new round of oil and gas resources evaluation as a new standard of China Petroleum and China Petrochemical Company. The relationship between the structure and performance of surfactant for oil displacement is mastered from the molecular scale, and the molecular design criteria of surfactant for oil displacement are put forward for the first time. The cheap, efficient and pollution-free alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant products for oil displacement with independent intellectual property rights are designed and produced. The field test in Daqing Oilfield shows that the recovery ratio is 15-20% higher than that of water flooding, and the cost is significantly reduced. In the exploration and development of natural gas reservoirs, wavelet analysis and multi-attribute quantitative prediction methods are used for the first time to effectively predict the gas-bearing characteristics of reservoirs and improve the success rate of drilling. The research results are initially applied to the study of gas reservoir identification in Sulige gas field.

　　　　3. Research on strategic mineral resources

　　　　Around the eastern Pacific Rim metallogenic domain, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic and Late Paleozoic continental metallogenic theories were initially established, a number of new technologies and methods for prospecting and prediction were developed, and a series of target areas of large mines and large ore concentration areas were put forward, which were successively included in the preliminary risk exploration by China Geological Survey. In the area of Paleo-Tethys metallogenic domain, the geological map and structural outline map of the main collision zone of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been compiled, a new model of tectonic evolution in collision orogeny process has been preliminarily put forward, and a new theoretical framework of continental collision orogeny has been established.

　　　　4. Ecological environment

　　　　Aiming at the arid and semi-arid areas in the north, the relationship between the long-term evolution of Asian monsoon and the drought in the north and related evidence are systematically analyzed, and the integrated model of regional environmental system is established, which provides an effective tool for drought prediction and virtual experiment of "orderly human activities", and the forecast report of drought development trend has been paid attention to by relevant government departments. In the aspect of the evolution and regulation of ecological environment in the western arid area, the ecological construction and sustainable agriculture paradigm of the mountain-oasis-desert system in the northern Tianshan Mountains and the ecological division in the northwest arid area are put forward, and the technical integration of major engineering protection system construction in the desert area is established, which provides support for the protection of the Tarim desert highway and the desert section of the Xinjiang North-South Water Transfer Project. The relationship between soil quality and erosion, acidification and acid deposition, and gas exchange at soil-air interface was deeply studied, and the viewpoint that paddy field ecosystem is an environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural ecosystem in Taihu Lake area was put forward. Based on this viewpoint, the proposal of "protecting artificial wetland-paddy field in Taihu Lake basin" was adopted by Suzhou Municipal Government.

　　　　5. Prevention and control of environmental pollution

　　　　A comprehensive monitoring of air pollution in Beijing and its surrounding areas was carried out, especially the observation of air-water-soil interaction, urban building development, and the influence of U-shaped topography on the strengthening of heat island. A number of accurate quantitative results were obtained, which provided scientific basis for improving forecasting ability, pollution control decision-making, early warning of pollution and monitoring system design. It was highly evaluated by the World Meteorological Organization and was rated as one of only two pilot demonstration projects in the world.

　　　　6. Formation mechanism and prediction of harmful red tide in China’s offshore waters.

　　　　The discovery of a large-scale harmful red tide of Alexandrium in the East China Sea for the first time confirmed the important role of key physical ocean processes in the formation of red tide in the East China Sea, and initially revealed the potential harm and harm mechanism of large-scale red tide in the East China Sea. In 2005, a large-scale red tide was found in the waters with high incidence of red tide in the East China Sea, and some suggestions on red tide prevention and control were put forward for reference by relevant departments.

　　　　7. Formation mechanism and prediction of major disasters

　　　　This paper reveals the basic fact that strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland are controlled by the movement of active blocks and concentrated on the boundaries of active blocks, obtains a preliminary understanding of the process of strong earthquakes in mainland China, develops the method of medium and long-term strong earthquake prediction, and gives the prediction of strong earthquake risk areas in Chinese mainland in the next 10 years. A large-scale scientific experiment of intensive observation of rainstorm in the field was carried out, and a multi-scale physical model and a synoptic model of Meiyu front rainstorm were put forward, and a mesoscale numerical forecast model system with three-dimensional variational assimilation scheme suitable for China was developed. Based on some important climate theories, such as "Monsoon-Warm Pool -ENSO Cycle Interaction Theory" and "Atmospheric Thermal Adaptation Theory", the inter-seasonal and annual prediction experiments of climate anomalies in East Asia were carried out, and the evolution of La Nina event and the severe drought climate in North China were successfully predicted. A cross-seasonal climate numerical prediction system is proposed, and an 18-layer new atmospheric circulation numerical model framework is designed, which provides a basis for the updating of China’s climate numerical model.

　　　　(4) The level of basic research in the fields of agriculture, population and health has been significantly improved.
　　　　1. Basic research on functional genomics and molecular improvement of agricultural animals and plants.

　　　　The important gene MOC1 related to rice tillering formation was cloned for the first time. This achievement is one of the most important discoveries in the field of plant morphogenesis, especially lateral branch formation in recent years, and its application in agricultural production is of great significance to improve the yield of Gramineae crops such as rice. The BC1 gene directly involved in rice cellulose synthesis and regulation was cloned. The study showed that it was of great significance to regulate the stem and leaf strength of Gramineae plants, make efficient and rational use of plant stems and improve the utilization rate of crop resources. Successfully cloned pig FSH-β gene, which was the first in the world to be found as a major gene or genetic marker affecting the litter size of pigs. The application of this achievement greatly accelerated the breeding speed of excellent pig breeds.

　　　　2. Efficient utilization of agricultural resources

　　　　The core germplasm of rice, wheat and soybean with 5% samples representing more than 85% genetic diversity was constructed for the first time in the world, which laid an important foundation for deepening the research of germplasm resources and crop breeding in China. In the study on the interaction of gene regulation level of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, it was found that HetR, the key protein in charge of heterotopic cell development in cyanobacteria, could form dimer, which could regulate the gene expression level by combining the DNA of the target gene, and put forward a gene regulation model affecting the new nitrogen fixation efficiency, which laid a theoretical foundation for improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops. In the research of plant drought resistance mechanism, it is found that the stomatal oscillation can be caused by regulating the atmospheric water deficit. According to this principle, a stomatal oscillation drought-resistant agent was developed. Field experiments show that the crop yield in semi-arid areas with annual rainfall of about 300 mm can be 1 to 2 times higher than that in the control in large and medium drought years, which is of great significance to agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas of China.

　　　　3. Agricultural ecological security

　　　　The biotype of Bemisia tabaci in China was identified at the molecular level, the rapid molecular detection technology of Phytophthora sojae was successfully developed, and the risk of wheat dwarf smut (TCK) invading China was systematically studied, which provided scientific basis and technical support for the negotiation of wheat import and quality inspection and quarantine in China. It is found for the first time that the change of insect resistance is related to the mutation of functional sites related to acetylcholine receptor. This achievement can not only guide the development of new molecular detection technology for drug resistance, but also provide theoretical basis for drug resistance management, and at the same time provide new ideas and new ways for molecular design of efficient and safe pesticides. A class of highly active nicotine compound IPP-44 with novel structure and independent intellectual property rights was successfully developed, and the adaptive defect mechanism of point mutation D421 and AChE resistance allele related to organophosphorus and carbamate resistance was found. It is found that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has gradually acquired the ability to infect mammals, and it is proved that its pathogenicity to mice is closely related to the 701st amino acid of PB2 protein, which lays a foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanism of cross-species transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

　　　　4. Major breakthroughs have been made in the localization, cloning and functional research of disease-causing genes.

　　　　In the aspect of monogenic diseases, the essential pathogenic gene of hereditary milk Koga was cloned, and the essence of hereditary milk Koga caused by mutation of DSPP gene was clarified. The pathogenic gene of type A-1 short finger disease was cloned, and the role of IHH gene in causing human genetic diseases was clarified. The pathogenic gene of atrial fibrillation was cloned, which explained the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation caused by multiple pathway reentry. In the aspect of polygenic diseases, it was found that the susceptibility gene of nasopharyngeal carcinoma exists in the region of 4p15.1 -4q12 on human chromosome 4, which proved the genetic susceptibility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for the first time. It was found that the gene expression of primary tumor and metastatic tumor was highly consistent between liver cancer and gastric cancer, which showed that tumor metastasis had no obvious relationship with tumor size and capsule integrity, but was related to gene expression of tumor itself. The preliminary evidence that PRKCZ is a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus is provided.

　　　　5. Significant progress has been made in the treatment and research of major diseases.

　　　　Studies on the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) show that the disease has a specific chromosome heterotopic t(15; 17) PML caused? DRARα fusion protein and all-trans retinoic acid can induce APL cell differentiation, while arsenic trioxide can selectively induce apoptosis, and their targets are PML? DRARα fusion protein, clinical research shows that the application of two drugs combined with targeted therapy makes the initial APL the first curable adult leukemia, which has been widely used. Active immunotherapy for anti-tumor angiogenesis can induce autoimmune reaction against tumor angiogenesis in mice, showing anti-tumor activity, which provides a new idea for tumor vaccine development and tumor treatment.

　　　　6. Basic research on important infectious diseases

　　　　Complete the whole genome sequencing of four representative strains of Shigella dysenteriae; Determine the transmission route of HIV epidemic in China from the molecular level; The three-dimensional structure of the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS coronavirus was firstly analyzed in the world, and the precise mode of binding 3CLpro to substrate was revealed, which opened up a new way for developing drugs for preventing and treating SARS coronavirus.

　　　　7. Reproductive health

　　　　Bin1b, the first natural antimicrobial peptide gene in reproductive system, was cloned for the first time. It was found that this gene can start the movement of sperm in epididymis head, thus revealing the important cause of sperm from inactive state to active state, and providing clues for the design of male contraceptives and the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. It was found that the mutation of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene hindered the secretion of HCO3- in uterine epithelium, which affected sperm capacitation and fertilization, and revealed the infertility mechanism of this kind of patients.

　　　　8. Innovative drug research

　　　　A series of research platforms and new methods for new drug creation have been established and improved, and many candidate drug targets have been found. It is the first time in the world that CD146 molecule is selectively expressed in tumor vascular endothelial cells, which provides a new target molecule for the screening of new anti-tumor drugs. More than 80 novel enzyme, receptor and cell-level screening models, including matrix metalloproteinase Qualcomm screening and tumor angiogenesis inhibitor screening, have been established, and a number of lead compounds and candidate new drugs with new structures or novel pharmacological effects for major diseases have been found. Three new drugs, Shipulin (ZT-1) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Salvicine (Salvicine) and Lidamycin (Lidamycin), have entered clinical research. Among them, Shipulin has completed Phase II clinical trials in more than 30 hospitals in Europe, which may become a new drug for China to go global and produce remarkable economic and social benefits. Some achievements in innovative drug research have been supported by the 863 Program and major scientific and technological projects, or cooperative development relations have been established with enterprises.

　　　　9. Bone induction theory of biomedical materials

　　　 This theory has gained international recognition, clarified that biomaterials can induce bone formation, confirmed the important conditions of inducing bone formation from two aspects of materials science and biology, and established a relatively complete original bone induction theory. A new generation of osteoinductive bone developed based on this theory has obtained the production registration certificate of the State Food and Drug Administration, and more than 400 clinical trials have achieved good results.

　　At the China committee of 100 Forum on Electric Vehicles held yesterday, Finance Minister Lou Jiwei said that the subsidy standard for new energy vehicles will be gradually lowered from 2017, and the subsidy policy will be withdrawn after 2020. Xin Guobin, vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the state subsidy policy for new energy vehicles will be gradually withdrawn in the future, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is prepared to adopt the method of linking the points of new energy vehicles with the fuel consumption limit of traditional energy vehicles to encourage industrial development.

　　Last year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles exceeded 300,000.

　　Xin Guobin said that the rapid development of China’s new energy automobile industry is changing from a market introduction period to a rapid growth period and entering a new stage of large-scale development. In the past 2015, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China exceeded 300,000. By the end of 2015, the cumulative production and sales of new energy vehicles in China was nearly 500,000, making it the largest new energy vehicle market in the world.

　　Xin Guobin said that compared with the world’s advanced level, there is still a big gap in the quality of new energy vehicles in China, and the development of new energy vehicles in China still faces some prominent contradictions and problems. These problems include the lack of general technology development ability of the whole vehicle, insufficient technical reserves such as intelligent networked vehicles, the incompatibility between the construction of charging facilities and the development of new energy vehicles, and the imperfect follow-up maintenance system.

　　Prepare to adopt the new energy vehicle integral method.

　　Lou Jiwei said that the original intention of the consumer subsidy policy is to cultivate the initial market. However, if the consumer subsidy is implemented for a long time, enterprises are prone to policy dependence, keeping a close eye on policies to set products and forming new industrial surpluses. From 2017 to 2018, the subsidy standard for new energy vehicles will be lowered by 20% on the basis of 2016 and 40% from 2019 to 2020. After 2020, the subsidy policy will be withdrawn.

　　Xin Guobin revealed that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is going to adopt the method of linking the points of new energy vehicles with the fuel consumption limit of traditional energy vehicles to encourage industrial development.

　　Resolutely crack down on fraudulent compensation of new energy vehicles

　　In response to recent media reports that some enterprises have falsified data and defrauded financial subsidies for new energy vehicles, Minister of Finance Lou Jiwei said that special inspections will be organized in conjunction with relevant ministries and commissions, and the problem of fraudulent compensation will be dealt with seriously according to laws and regulations, and all kinds of fraudulent compensation and rent-seeking behaviors will be severely cracked down, and they will never be soft. "Several electric vehicle safety accidents that occurred last year and the recent online exposure of electric vehicles have fully demonstrated that the new energy vehicle management system needs to be improved." Xin Guobin said that these problems require relevant departments to take effective measures and make great efforts to solve them.

　　Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, March 16 (Reporter Liu Xia) New Zealand scientists published a paper in the latest issue of PLoS One, saying that a new study they conducted found that since 2005, plastic pollution in the global ocean has reached an "unprecedented level". At present, about 170 trillion pieces of plastic are floating in the ocean, with an estimated total weight of 2.3 million tons. If it is not controlled, the speed of plastics entering the ocean may be several times faster in the next few decades.

　　Researchers collected plastic samples from more than 11,000 sites around the world, focusing on the situation during the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. The results show that the trend of plastics entering the ocean before 1990 was not obvious, and it fluctuated between 1990 and 2005, and then it increased sharply.

　　Lisa Edeler of the University of Auckland, who is in charge of the latest research, pointed out that there are many sources of plastic pollution in the ocean: fishing nets, buoys, discarded clothes, car tires and disposable plastics, which will eventually decompose into microplastics. In addition, at present, only a small part of plastic is properly recycled, and many plastics will eventually be landfilled. If the landfill is not properly managed, plastic waste will enter the environment and eventually flow to the ocean.

　　Edeler explained that from 1990 to 2005, the amount of plastic waste in the ocean declined in some cases, partly because there were some effective policies to control pollution, including the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, which came into effect in 1988, which was a legally binding agreement among 154 countries, aiming at stopping the discharge of plastic by the navy, fishing and shipping fleets.

　　She appealed that with the increasing production of plastics, countries need to formulate a new treaty, not only to reduce the production and use of plastics, but also to better manage how to dispose of plastics.

1. Amazon International

Amazon.com is the world’s largest online store, which sells all over the world. Payment methods are usually international credit cards and debit cards. Amazon allows buyers to pay in local currency.

2、eBay

EBay is an online auction and shopping website that allows people all over the world to buy and sell goods online. EBay is a great website for anyone who wants to buy things from foreign countries. However, not all suppliers on eBay ship goods worldwide.

3. Ali Express

AliExpress is a cross-border e-commerce platform built by Alibaba for the international market, and it is called "International Taobao" by the majority of sellers. AliExpress is the third largest English online shopping website in the world, which faces overseas buyers and customers, conducts secured transactions through Alipay international accounts and uses international logistics channels to transport and deliver goods.

4、 Indiamart.com

Indiamart is a well-known trade B2B website in India. Its purpose is to promote cooperation between buyers and suppliers from all over the world and help them trade with each other, thus bringing wide business opportunities to suppliers and rewarding suppliers from all over the world by creating profits. In fact, this is a dropshipping website. People all over the world can order all kinds of things from India and then sell them through dropshipping.

Indiamart doesn’t sell anything directly. Instead, it lists the products of countless manufacturers. Most of these manufacturers can deliver goods on a global scale.

5、KrisShop

KrisShop is an international shopping website, which is sold all over the world. It is actually a duty-free shop from Singapore. KrisShop’s business began with selling all kinds of duty-free goods on Singapore Airlines flights. KrisShop also runs an online store where sellers can order high-quality goods without paying local taxes in various countries.

6、Laphroaig

Laphroaig is one of the top scotch whiskies in the world. They also have an international shopping website, where you can buy high-quality whisky produced by Laphroaig. Laphroaig also offers a wide range of branded clothing, bar requirements and souvenirs. Buyers need to be at least 18 years old to enter the website.

7、Maven POS

If buyers want to buy imported cigarettes, high-grade perfume, cheap wine and other supplies, they can go to Maven POS. This is an online store headquartered in Britain, which can help buyers buy cheap goods from duty-free shops all over the world. Maven POS has also established a cooperative relationship with Dubai Duty Free.

8、Nike

Nike.com comes from the eponymous brand of best-selling sports goods and sportswear. Buyers can buy almost all kinds of sporting goods from Nike.com. Nike.com has business in most countries. This means that you can easily buy Nike products from foreign countries and pay the equivalent in local currency.

9、Coleman

Coleman is an international shopping website for camping and outdoor life lovers, providing more than 10,000 kinds of products, including outdoor lighting, camping supplies, gas appliances and cookers, thermal insulation products, water sports and so on. Coleman accepts international orders and delivers them around the world.

10、 USA.gov

The federal government of the United States also sells many things online. These include souvenirs, collectibles, stamps, coins, books and other various commodities. USA.gov carries out international transportation through the United States Postal Service (USPS).

Discovery Store, an international shopping website, is owned and operated by the world-famous Discovery Channel. People all over the world can order from Discovery Store because they deliver goods all over the world. Discovery Store has a large number of educational toys, clothes, books, stickers, posters, gifts and souvenirs.

11. Royal Mail

For collectors of stamps and souvenirs, Royal Mail operates an international shopping website where buyers can buy some amazing collections. Royal Mail also delivers around the world.

12. Lotte International

Rakuten, a popular online store in Japan, also provides an international shopping website, which is sold all over the world. Buyers only need an international credit card or debit card to pay for shopping.

(Source: cross-border e-commerce BB machine)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s position! This article is exclusively authorized by the original author, and the reprint needs the authorization of Hugo. com.

(Source: cross-border e-commerce BB machine)

1905 movie network news India’s annual word-of-mouth masterpiece released the poster "Against the World". hrithik roshan, the "Grand Commander", is fearless in the face of gun threats. He will fight against the world for love and show omnipotent revenge. The film is another high-burning and brain-burning Indian film to be released in China after Andhadhun. The film omnipotent is directed by Sanjay Gupta, starring hrithik roshan and yami gautam, and will be released nationwide on June 5th.

Against the world, he needs to be omnipotent.

The movie "Omnipotence" tells the story that the blind Lohan and his wife, who are both blind, came together through hardships. At the beginning of their marriage life, they suffered an accident. The sudden major changes made Lohan fall into deep sorrow, helplessness and despair, and then began a "lone ranger" type of counterattack and revenge.

In the movie "Against the World" poster, the hero Luohan, played by the Indian king hrithik roshan, is fearless in the face of gun threats, because he knows that he must have the determination to dare to fight against the world in order to help him achieve revenge. Lohan is blind. In order to live as an equal as his neighbors, he has honed his extraordinary survival skills. I never wanted to be disturbed by an arrogant criminal, forcing him to arm himself and achieve revenge independently. In the film, Lohan has many wonderful and hot action scenes. He listens to the sound to avoid the blow, the design agency captures the opponent, and changes his identity by using the voice-changing technique. As a blind person, a series of incredible god operations are particularly eye-catching.

Take over the "Andhadhun", the Indian new divine film has a clear expectation.

Andhadhun, an Indian suspense film, is being shown in China, and its box office reputation has been double bumper, which has once again triggered a movie-watching craze for China audiences, and also generated new expectations for the release of the next Indian "magic film". Omnipotence is a genre film that combines love, song and dance, suspense, crime, action and many other elements. It is a movie-watching experience full of many emotional shocks and many "unexpected" experiences. After the film was released in India, the box office rushed into the top ten of the year, surpassing many powerful rivals such as Aamir Hussain Khan, and was rated as "India’s Top Ten Films of the Year" by authoritative media.

Hrithik roshan, the leading actor in the film, has the reputation of "Grand Commander" and "Indian Superman" and has been rated as "the most handsome male star in India" for many times. The Phantom Car God 2, starring him, is very popular in India. His superb acting skills, excellent singing and dancing talents and the general appearance and figure of "Greek God" have made him a top Bollywood superstar. The release of "omnipotent" also marks the first time that the Indian king will land on the China screen and enter the China market.

　　[PConline evaluation]Among the newly released Intel and AMD processors, the author Xiao Bian found that the models with K or X suffixes are often more popular among consumers on major e-commerce platforms, but in fact Xiao Bian believes that the processor models without suffix are not as high as those with suffixes, and their performance is not as strong as theirs, but in fact they also have outstanding models. Today, let’s follow Xiaobian to learn about the charm of i7-8700, i5-8600, Ryzen 7 2700 and Ryzen 5 2600.

　　I7-8700 is the second flagship model of the 8th generation Core home platform. Compared with i7-8700K, both specifications are 6 cores and 12 threads, but the frequency setting of i7-8700 is much more conservative, with the basic frequency of 3.2GHz and the maximum turbo frequency of 6 cores of 4.3GHz. The highest core frequency of a single core is 4.6GHz, while the three frequencies of i7-8700K are 3.7GHz, 4.3GHz and 4.7GHz respectively. Thanks to the lower frequency setting, the thermal design power consumption of i7-8700 is only 65W, which is very low. So is it actually a small expert in energy saving and emission reduction? We will have related tests next.

　　The i5-8600 is the second highest rated i5 of the 8th generation Core. It is designed with 6 cores and 6 threads. Compared with the older brother i5-8600K, its basic frequency is 0.5GHz lower, only 3.1GHz, while the highest core frequency and the highest core frequency are 4.1GHz and 4.3GHz, which are consistent with the i5-8600K. Therefore, its thermal design power consumption is only 65W. Compared with i7-8700, its frequency design is more conservative, and it is believed that the power consumption will be further reduced.

　　AMD released the second-generation Ruilong in April this year, but only two processors in the second-generation Ruilong have no suffixes. One is this Ryzen 7 2700, which is also the second flagship model of the second generation Ruilong. Ryzen 7 2700 has a fundamental frequency of 3.2GHz, and the highest acceleration frequency of a single core can reach 4.1GHz, with a wide span. At the same time, its TDP is only 65W, which is very surprising for an 8-core and 16-thread processor. Another surprise is that, unlike the flagship model Ryzen 7 2700X, this processor has only 200 poor reviews on the JD.COM platform. What caused consumers to abandon it? Is it performance or price? Don’t worry, xiaobian will take you to explore the answer in the actual measurement later.

　　Ryzen 5 2600 is another processor without suffix in the second generation Ruilong, and it is also a low-power processor with TDP of only 65W. Ryzen 5 2600 is designed for 6 cores and 12 threads, and is built by Grofonde’s 12nm process. The fundamental frequency is 3.4GHz, and the highest acceleration frequency can reach 3.9GHz.

　　From the chart, we can see the detailed specifications of the four processors to be evaluated today. The models on Intel side generally have higher frequency and built-in nuclear display, while those on AMD side are cheaper and open to overclocking.

　　Next, let’s take a look at the changes of these four processors compared with the previous generation.

　　Due to the change of market competition, the 8th generation Core no longer squeezes toothpaste as before. From the table, we can simply see that the 8th generation Core has improved a lot compared with the previous generation. In the face of Ruilong’s multi-core offensive, first of all, the specifications of the 8 th generation i7 and i5 are compared with the previous generation.There are two more coresAlthough there are more cores, using the updated 14nm++ process can make more cores.The frequencies of i7-8700 and i5-8600 are slightly higher than the previous generation.At the same time, the thermal design power consumption of the processor is still maintained at 65W. In addition, the three-level cache of CPU has been increased a lot to adapt to more cores. In terms of nuclear display, i7-8700 and i5-8600 use HD630 vest nuclear display UHD630, which only improves the frequency by 0.05GHz, which is better than nothing, and the memory support is also upgraded from 2400MHz to 2666MHz.

　　Although the specifications and performance have been improved so much, the starting price of i7-8700 and i5-8600 is not much higher than that of i7-7700 and i5-7600, and now the actual price is only 200~300 yuan, so there is no price increase.The 8th generation of Core is the most conscientious generation in recent years.. A detailed technical analysis on the 8th generation Core canClick here to view past articles.

　　Unlike Intel’s 8th generation Core, which was hastily launched to cope with Ruilong, the 2nd generation Ruilong is obviously the product of AMD’s plan to iterate over the 1st generation Ruilong. The product uses GF’s 12nm process to make up for the shortcomings of the 1st generation Ruilong, but the TDP is still 65W. At the same time, the smarter Precision Boost 2 acceleration technology and XFR2 dynamic spread spectrum technology are used, which can make the core of the processor run at a higher frequency as much as possible, so that the processor is still excellent in applications with poor multi-core optimization.

　　In addition to the low frequency, another area criticized by the first generation Ryzen processor is the memory delay, so the focus of AMD optimization on Zen+ architecture is the cache and memory system. L1 cache delay is reduced by 13%, L2 cache delay is reduced by 34%, L3 cache delay is reduced by 16%, and memory cache delay is also reduced by 11%. At the same time, the frequency supported by the memory controller is improved, reaching 2933MHz.

　　These targeted improvements have greatly improved the second generation Ruilong compared with the first generation Ruilong and made it more mature in more applications. Want to know the detailed technical analysis of the second generation Ruilong canClick here to view past articles..

　　After comparing the improvement of these four processors compared with the previous generation, let’s enter the actual measurement link.

　　As usual, go to the test platform first.

　　In order to make the test results more objective, in addition to the motherboard and processor,We are consistent with other accessories, and the motherboard also uses ROG HERO series motherboards from ASUS, and all of them use the latest BIOS..

AMD platform

　
Willamette

　　In terms of memory, because the highest frequency that the two platforms officially claim to support is different, the memory frequency of the two platforms is not the same.It is 2933MHz on AMD platform and 2666MHz on Intel platform.

　　Memory We use the flame gun memory optimized by Zhiqi for Ryzen. When X.M.P is turned on, it can easily reach the frequency of 3200MHz, and the adaptability of the memory is also very good.

　　When testing, the motherboard BIOS is set to the full default optimal state, and then the memory frequency is changed, and other options remain unchanged.

　　Let’s first test the theoretical performance of the processor. The following tests can detect the processor in different ways.manyThreaded computing performance and single-threaded computing performance.

　　Fritz Chess Benchmark is called chess software in Chinese. You can know your processor’s computing performance by measuring the number of chess steps calculated by the processor per second.

　　WPrime is a software that tests the computing power of computers by calculating prime numbers, and has been widely used in the performance testing of processors all over the world.

　　CPU-Z is a well-known CPU detection software, and it is the most used software to detect CPU. Its own Benchmark can accurately judge the multi-core performance and single-core performance of CPU.The version of CPU-Z adopted this time is 1.85..

　　3Dmark is a software specially designed for measuring the performance of graphics cards by futuremark Company, and it has released 3Dmark99, 3Dmark2001, 3Dmark2003, 3Dmark2005, 3Dmark2006, 3Dmark vantage, 3Dmark 11 and The new 3DMark. Now, 3Dmark is not only a software to measure the performance of graphics cards, but has gradually turned into a software to measure the performance of the whole machine. 3DMark’s test physical score can be basically calculated.Actual game performance of CPU.

　　Summary of CPU theory test:The results of this evaluation are also consistent with the previous evaluation results of Ryzen and Core para-processors. Ryzen is superior in multi-thread testing because of the higher specification of para-processors, and Core processor is stronger in single-thread testing because of its higher frequency.

　　Breakdown, in the comparison between Ryzen 7 2700 and i7-8700, i7-8700 won the chess operation and CPU-Z single-thread test, while Ryzen 7 2700 gained the advantage in the other three tests, and there was not much difference between them in the test, which can be described as a tie, diamond cut diamond.

　　In the comparison between Ryzen 5 2600 and i5-8600, because Ryzen 5 2600 has six more threads than i5-8600, four of the five theoretical tests have won, and most of them have a big lead.

　　Now that the theoretical performance of the processors is known, what is the working efficiency of these four processors in practical application? Next, Xiao Bian will test the performance of the processor in practical application with the software that everyone will use in life.

　　CineBench R15 is a convincing test system for CPU and graphics card. The Cinema 4D special effects software engine developed for film and television industry is used to test a 3D scene picture with high precision, which can support up to 256 logic cores. In addition, the new version also strengthens the investigation of shaders, anti-aliasing, shadows, lighting and reflection blur, and the detection of CPU performance is more accurate.

　　WinRAR is one of the most commonly used compression software. You all know how high it requires the performance of the CPU. The stronger the performance of the CPU, the faster it is pressed and the shorter it takes.

　　Let’s compress a 2.66GB file and see how much time they take.

　　X264 FHD Benchmark can effectively test the floating-point operation performance of CPU and the actual file-changing ability of multimedia audio and video.

　　The testing significance of POV-Ray is similar to that of CineBench R15, and it also represents the 3D rendering performance of CPU. The more pixels rendered per second, the stronger the performance.

　　Video export, like WinRAR above, consumes huge CPU resources, and friends who specialize in video have extremely strong demand for this performance. We will let them export the same video, with the same video parameters and total recording time. There will be two export formats, one is the H.264 format which is more commonly used and should be the most widely used, and the other is the H.265 format which is more efficient in updating compression but has less application scope.

　　Summary of professional software testing:Generally speaking, in the professional application software test, the four processors have their own advantages and disadvantages in the comparison, which is equally divided.

　　To break it down, let’s first look at the comparison between i7-8700 and Ryzen 7 2700. When using CPU for 3D rendering, Ryzen processor will have a greater advantage because there are more cores and threads. Although i7-8700 is stronger in single-core rendering, no one actually uses only one core for rendering, so this project is of little significance. In the aspect of audio and video transcoding, there is not much difference between them when exporting video to H264 code, and i7-8700 is slightly stronger, but i7-8700 has an overwhelming advantage when exporting H.265 code, because in the latest version of X265 decoder, Intel’s native AVX 256-bit instructions are fully optimized, while Ryzen series processors do not have the native AVX 256 instruction set. It must be split into two 128-bit instructions for execution, so the efficiency is much lower. We can see that even the i5-8600 hangs Ryzen 7 2700 in this test. In other tests, there is not much difference between the two.

　　In the comparison between i5-8600 and Ryzen 5 2600, it presents another situation, which is the same as the theoretical test result, because Ryzen 5 2600 has twice as many threads as i5-8600, and it has the upper hand in most application tests, except the H.265 transcoding mentioned above.

　　Therefore, when you buy a processor, you should look at what you will often use in your daily use. If it is 3D rendering, it is wise to choose Ryzen processor. If you often need video transcoding, i7-8700 is obviously a better choice.

　　Of course, the CPU test is inseparable from the game performance. Tomb Raider 10, Wizard 3: wild hunt, Whole Territory Blockade and Ghost Action: Wilderness are selected for the project, all of which have 1080P resolution and the highest special effects. The colorful iGame1080 Flame God of War is selected for the graphics card to ensure that the graphics card will not become a test bottleneck at 1080p resolution.

　　Summary of CPU game performance test;We can clearly see that the optimization of multi-threading in 3A masterpieces is still not very good. The performance of i7-8700 and i5-8600 is not much different, and so are Ryzen 7 2700 and Ryzen 5 2600.

　　Therefore, with higher frequency and stronger ipc, the 8th generation Core won the game performance test, but the gap between the four processors is very small.

　　Since it is impossible to test the power consumption of a certain hardware separately, the following are all the power consumption of the whole machine, which are three application scenarios. The game is fully loaded with the peak power consumption of the whole machine in the process of Tomb Raider 10》Benchmark, while the CPU is fully loaded with Prime95 running FPU baking machine test and the graphics card is empty.

　　In order to ensure the stable operation of the whole machine, we use the MVP P850 power supply of Hangjia, which has passed the 80PLUS white gold medal certification and is located at the top of the power pyramid.

　　We can see that the power consumption of Core is obviously higher than that of Ruilong. After all, the frequency of Core is also higher. Intel will officially set the maximum core frequency and the maximum core frequency of a single core, from which we can know that the full core frequency of i7-8700 is 4.3GHz and that of i5-8600 is 4.1GHz when the CPU is fully loaded.

I5-8600 baking machine

　　The same is true in the actual baking machine, but we can still see some problems. Why is the power consumption of Ryzen 5 2600 higher than that of Ryzen 7 2700? This is actually related to the processor frequency. So what’s the frequency of baking machine in Ryzen processor?

Ryzen 7 2700 baking machine

Ryzen 5 2600 baking machine

　　We can clearly see that the full-core frequency of Ryzen 7 2700 roaster is 3.425GHz, while that of Ryzen 5 2600 roaster is 3.675GHz, which is 0.25GHz higher than that of Ryzen 5 2600, so it is not surprising that the power consumption is relatively high. Therefore, we can draw two conclusions. One is that the accelerated frequency policy of Ryzen 7 2700 will be more conservative than that of Ryzen 5 2600. The other is that for the second generation Ryzen processor, the increase of frequency is more likely to cause the increase of power consumption than the increase of core.

　　In the choice of radiator, in order not to reduce the frequency of the processor, we use the relatively high-end air-cooled overclocking three Donghai hegemony. The radiator is a 6-heat pipe dual-fan radiator, and theoretically four processors with TDP of only 65W should be enough. Let’s take a look at the temperature performance of the four processors under this radiator. The room temperature was 25 degrees Celsius during the test.

　　With the same radiator, the Ryzen 7 2700 with the most cores but the lowest frequency has the best performance. No wonder Acer has stuffed the Ryzen 7 2700 into the notebook, and the excellent temperature performance of Ryzen 7 2700 and Ryzen 5 2600 is also very suitable for DIYer to buy them to assemble high-performance ITX hosts. Let’s take a look at Intel again. Although the thermal design power consumption of the i5-8600 and the i7-8700 is 65W, it can be seen that the temperature difference between them is quite obvious. The performance of the i5-8600 is still normal, while the i7-8700 has a core-wide maximum frequency of 4.3GHz consistent with the i7-8700K, and the temperature reaches a relatively high of 87.Therefore, users who choose i7-8700 should pay attention not to neglect the purchase of radiator just because its thermal design power consumption is only 65W..

　　Based on the above performance tests, including 16 tests of theoretical performance, professional application performance and game performance, we can get the following comprehensive performance ranking chart.

　　I7-8700 won the battle between the second generation Ruilong and the eighth generation Core flagship with a slight advantage, while Ryzen 5 2600 helped the second generation Ruilong regain a city. Of course, our tests in this paper are all carried out at the default frequency, while Ryzen series processors are all frequency-unlocked. In the previous first test of the second generation Ruilong, we have tested that the overclocking ceiling of the second generation Ruilong is between 4.2 and 4.3 GHz, and the performance of Ryzen processor after overclocking is also acceptable.Click here to view past articles..

　　This is the ranking of the four processors in this paper in our new version of PConline CPU ladder diagram. The above picture is a brand-new interactive CPU ladder diagram released by PConline, which includes linked e-commerce price, related original articles, parameter comparison, ranking comparison and performance comparison. Users who need it will collect it soon, and there will be ladder diagrams such as graphics cards and notebook processors released one after another in the future.

　　The PC side canClick here to jump.

　　On the mobile side.Click here to jump.

　　Let’s summarize the situation at Intel first. Because i7-8700 has the same full-core turbo performance as i7-8700K, the performance difference between them at the default frequency will not be very big. Moreover, due to the rising specifications of the 8th generation i7, the heat and power consumption are relatively high. In other words, the cost of overclocking i7-8700K on the radiator, power supply and motherboard will be relatively high. For consumers who are not very keen on the ultimate performance, i7-8700 that can be used with B360 motherboard is undoubtedly a better choice.

　　As for the i5-8600, because of its high pricing, its performance will not be very outstanding compared with Ryzen 5 2600 or its younger brother i5-8500/8400, and its power consumption is also high, and its temperature is high. Xiaobian thinks that the purchase value of this processor is relatively low.

　　On the AMD side, we can see from the above evaluation that Ryzen 7 2700, the sub-flagship, actually has its own advantages in comparison with the 8th generation Core sub-flagship i7-8700, so why is its sales volume so low? This can only blame its big brother Ryzen 7 2700X. Ryzen 7 2700X has stronger performance, and a new belief RGB ghost radiator is presented, but it is only 200 yuan more expensive than Ryzen 7 2700, and most consumers will choose the flagship Ryzen 7 2700X with higher standards. Nevertheless, we can still see an outstanding advantage of Ryzen 7 2700, that is, excellent temperature and power consumption performance, which will be particularly prominent in notebooks or when building ITX hosts. We can expect more manufacturers to directly put this processor into notebooks in the future. However, there are only a few consumers with this demand. We can also foresee that if AMD does not further adjust the price of Ryzen 7 2700, the audience of Ryzen 7 2700 will be very small for a long time to come, and the sales volume will not change much.

The radiators of Ryzen 7 2700 and Ryzen 5 2600 are different, and the materials are better.

　　As for the Ryzen 5 2600, it has gained the upper hand compared with the i5-8600, and it also has certain advantages in temperature and power consumption. More importantly, the Ryzen 5 2600X, which is 200 yuan more expensive than it, does not give away the temptation to believe in the RGB ghost radiator, so this processor has a fair sales volume. When it comes to overclocking, Ryzen 5 2600 can easily exceed 4,0GHz, but whether it can exceed 4,2GHz depends on the face. Although it is 200 yuan cheaper than Ryzen 5 2600X, the highest acceleration frequency of Ryzen 5 2600X single core can reach 4.2GHz. If the temperature and power consumption are not too high, Xiao Bian still recommends everyone to buy Ryzen 5 2600X.

　　In the choice of Ruilong and Core processors, it is necessary to choose according to the needs of the readers. For example, it is more wise for netizens who often use 3D renderers who are very concerned about the temperature of power consumption or to use Ryzen 7 2700 or Ryzen 5 2600 naturally, but for consumers who often need video transcoding, especially H.265 format transcoding, it is more efficient to use i7-8700. Of course, what we discuss in this paper is based on the price of JD.COM’s self-operated platform on July 13th. If the original price of i7-8700 is three or four hundred more expensive than that of Ryzen 7 2700X, its purchase value will be greatly reduced.

These days, citizens should find that the "health code" in our city has recently added the function of scanning code. Recently, according to the requirements of the municipal epidemic prevention and control headquarters, the code scanning operation of "health codes" in key places and key units was carried out throughout the city to further improve the accuracy of epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the traceability and monitoring of the epidemic, and better protect the lives and health of the broad masses of the people. After adding the code scanning function, aiming at the main problems that citizens may encounter in their daily use, the Municipal Big Data Center released the practical 30 questions and 30 answers of Tianjin "health code" yesterday to help citizens successfully unveil the mysterious "veil" of Tianjin "health code".

Citizen bright code+scan code: there are four ways to choose from.

1. How to scan Tianjin "health code"? Is there any change from the previous channel of bright code?

A: There is no change. You can continue to use it according to the original bright code channel. At present, Tianjin’s "health code" has four channels, such as "Jinxin Office" APP, "Jinxin Office" WeChat applet, "Jinxin Office" Alipay applet and Alipay homepage Tianjin "health code", and any one of them can be displayed normally. After opening the bright code page, you will find that there is a veil on the QR code while displaying the code color and COVID-19 vaccination logo "Jindun". Click the prompt "Please scan the venue code" on the veil, and use the camera to scan the "venue code" posted in the upcoming venue.

2. Can you light the code normally after scanning the "place code"?

A: You can light the code normally. After scanning the "Place Code", your Tianjin "Health Code" will be clearly visible, at the same time, the name of the place pointed by the "Place Code" and the admission time will be displayed, and you will be prompted to pass by voice.

3. Can I check the code color of Tianjin Health Code and Tianjin Shield without scanning the "location code"?

A: Yes. If you only need to view the code color and "Jindun", you can view the current code color and "Jindun" logo through the veil, and your view will not be affected if the "site code" is not scanned.

4. My health code color is abnormal, what should I do?

A: When citizens with abnormal code color open the bright code page of health code, there will be a pop-up window to remind them of the main reasons for abnormal code color and the follow-up measures to be taken. Please do a good job in epidemic prevention and control according to the tips.

5. What should I do if the "location code" is wrong?

A: If you scan an invalid QR code, there will be a prompt "Not a valid venue code, please scan the QR code pictures posted in key places". Click Rescan.

6. Does the user need to authorize the camera authority of the mobile phone to scan the code?

A: Yes, you need to authorize the use of your mobile phone camera when scanning the "location code". After the authorization is successful, you can use the "scan" function.

7. Do I need to open other corresponding permissions to use the Tianjin "Health Code" on Alipay’s homepage?

A: Yes, when you click "Please scan the site code" or "Apply for the site code", the application will prompt you to obtain the relevant user rights. After the user grants the rights, the "site code" function can be used.

8. Can I use the scanning function of WeChat, Alipay or other software to scan the "place code"?

Answer: No, you must use any bright code page in the four channels of Tianjin Health Code to scan the "place code".

9. Going in and out of the same place many times, do I need to scan the code again?

A: Yes. After completing the code scanning of "Site Code" and closing the health code page, your Tianjin "Health Code" will be covered with veil again when you start it next time.

10. Can I still check the nucleic acid test results, vaccination information, communication big data travel card and other contents normally without scanning the "place code"?

A: Yes. The veil of Tianjin "Health Code" only covers the two-dimensional code, and the nucleic acid test results, vaccination information and practical function query of communication big data travel card displayed below are not affected, and your viewing and use will not be affected if the "place code" is not scanned.

11. Is the background color of Tianjin "Health Code" which has not been scanned with the "place code" the real code color at present?

A: Yes, the current Tianjin "Health Code" code color seen through the veil is your real real-time code color.

12. If the "location code" is not scanned, how can I take a screenshot of the "health code" in Tianjin?

A: You can directly use the screenshot function of the mobile phone to take screenshots, or you can use the camera button on the right side of the bright code page of the "Jinxin Office" APP, "Jinxin Office" WeChat applet and "Jinxin Office" Alipay applet to take screenshots as usual.

13. Do people without smartphones still need to scan the "location code"?

A: People without smart phones can travel according to the original mode of travel.

14. Can you scan the "location code" for the agent?

A: Yes, switch the applicant according to the original route, and you can display the bright code page of the agent, and then you can scan the code.

15. Can I check my or my agent’s "site code" scanning history?

A: No, at present, users are not supported to view the history of scanning "site code".

16. Will scanning the "location code" reveal my personal information?

A: No, the time and location displayed after scanning the "location code" are only used for epidemic prevention and control in our city, and personal information will not be disclosed. Please rest assured.

17. Can you check the vaccination details of the agent for the health code of others?

A: No. At present, the "My Epidemic Prevention Health Details" under the health code only shows the vaccination status of the sponsor. However, after the applicant is switched, if the agent completes the vaccination, "Jindun" can be displayed normally on the health code of the agent.

18. What should I do if the "health code" in Tianjin does not show "Jindun" for vaccines vaccinated in other provinces?

Answer: If you have only had one dose of Covid-19 vaccine in Tianjin, you can submit the relevant vaccination certificate to the vaccination unit in Tianjin, and the vaccination unit will record the vaccination information into the vaccination information system in time. After the data is updated to the "Health Code" system in Tianjin, "Tianjin Shield" will be displayed.

If your vaccine is vaccinated in other provinces or cities or overseas, you can submit relevant vaccination vouchers to the vaccination unit in your place of residence. After the vaccination unit in your place of residence and the disease control agency decide that it is correct, fill in the Information Form of Vaccination Code Supplementary Personnel, and display "Jindun" after the data is updated to Tianjin "Health Code" system.

19. Can one person be entrusted with Tianjin "health code" by more than one person?

A: Yes, for example, both parents can handle the "health code" for the same child at the same time, but when a person has a Tianjin "health code" independently applied for with his own identity information, he can no longer be handled by others. He can show his "health code" by switching accounts and other means.

20. What should I do if I encounter other problems when using Tianjin Health Code?

A: If you need help, please call the 12345 hotline for consultation. Thank you for your understanding and support.

Application for "Site Code": It only takes a few seconds.

1. I am a place manager. Where can I apply for a "place code"?

A: Just like the bright code channel, you can find the "place code" to apply for the entrance through any of the four channels: Jinxin Office App, Jinxin Office Alipay applet, Jinxin Office WeChat applet and Alipay homepage Tianjin Health Code. Enter the personal management interface of "Site Code" and click the "Apply Now" button on the right side of the application of "Site Code" to enter the next step.

2. Where can I check the progress of my application?

Answer: Click the "Site Code Management-View Now" button to view the application progress of your own site code. By switching the options of passed, under review and failed, you can view the details of your application for "site code". Click on the word "passed" to get the place code and see all the application information. The place code corresponds to the information one by one.

3. Can I print it after application?

Answer: Click the approved location information to view the details of the "location code", click the download button to save the picture to the mobile phone photo album, and then print it on paper for posting. Just print in color or black and white, and the printing color will not affect your posting.

4. How long does it take to apply for the "site code"?

A: After all the relevant information is filled in, you can apply for the "site code" after submission.

5. How to fill in the unified social credit code?

Answer: The unified social credit code filled in is the unified social credit code of the legal entity to which the place belongs. It is suggested that legal entities with multiple scattered places guide all places to fill in the code uniformly.

6. What if my place is not in the optional classification of the current system, but I also want to implement the code scanning policy?

A: Contact the competent industry unit or local management unit, and the system can add the corresponding industry classification after confirmation by relevant departments.

7. How to fill in the name and unit of the mobile location?

Answer: For mobile places (such as taxis, cruise ships, etc.), fill in the license plate number or ship identification number for the name of the place; Place unit fill in the name of the unit to which the vehicle/ship belongs.

8. Can the agent apply for "site code"?

A: No, at present, only the organizer can apply for the "venue code", not the agent.

9. Can the same place, the same person or the same legal person apply for multiple "place codes" for a unified social credit code?

Answer: The same place only needs to apply for one place code, and the same person in charge or the same legal person can apply for multiple "place codes". Please apply according to actual needs.

10. Does the successfully applied "venue code" support modification or deletion?

A: No. At present, it is not supported to modify the relevant information. If the information is wrong, you can re-apply for a new "venue code". The applied "Site Code" does not support deletion at present. (Idy Meng Ruobing)

Intellectual property offices of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Sichuan Intellectual Property Service Promotion Center and relevant local centers; Local trade promotion agencies and industry trade promotion agencies:

In order to thoroughly implement the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Trade, the Outline for Building a Powerful Intellectual Property Country (2021-2035) and the Opinions on Strengthening Intellectual Property Protection, and comprehensively strengthen overseas intellectual property protection, we hereby put forward the following guiding opinions on further strengthening the construction of overseas intellectual property dispute settlement mechanism.

I. General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology and principles. Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 19th Congress, thoroughly implement the spirit of the important speech delivered by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader at the 25th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, adhere to overall coordination and multi-party linkage, base ourselves on the new development stage, grasp the new development concept, build a new development pattern, and strive to improve the guidance system for overseas intellectual property disputes. Strengthen information services, capacity building and support, promote international cooperation and competition in the field of intellectual property as a whole, earnestly safeguard national security in the field of intellectual property, effectively promote high-level opening up and promote high-quality economic development.

Adhere to government guidance, multi-party linkage, problem-oriented and key breakthroughs. Government departments take the lead in integrating the superior resources of trade associations, service organizations, enterprises and other parties, focusing on the pain points and difficulties of overseas rights protection of enterprises, focusing on key areas and key links, continuously improving the guidance system for overseas intellectual property disputes, and effectively increasing the assistance for overseas intellectual property rights protection.

(2) Work objectives. By 2025, an overseas intellectual property dispute response mechanism with horizontal interconnection, vertical intercommunication, cooperation and sharing between central and local governments will be basically established, a convenient and efficient international intellectual property risk early warning and emergency response mechanism will be initially formed, the foreign-related risk prevention and control system of intellectual property rights will be more perfect, the overseas intellectual property dispute response guidance service network will be more perfect, the awareness of overseas intellectual property protection of Chinese enterprises will be significantly enhanced, the ability to deal with overseas intellectual property disputes will be significantly improved, and the social satisfaction of overseas intellectual property dispute response guidance will reach and maintain a high level.

Two, improve the work system, enrich the overseas intellectual property dispute response network.

(3) Improve the guidance system for dealing with disputes. Optimize the layout of work outlets, lay out and build local sub-centers of the National Overseas Intellectual Property Dispute Response Guidance Center in places with high demand, good foundation and mature conditions, and explore the construction of overseas sub-centers of the National Overseas Intellectual Property Dispute Response Guidance Center in key trading countries (regions) to form an overseas dispute response service network. Establish and improve the work rules for dealing with disputes, realize standard management, standardize operation, and comprehensively improve the ability of dealing with overseas intellectual property disputes.

(4) Optimize the information service platform. Relying on the national overseas intellectual property information service platform "Zhinan Needle Network", we will strengthen the integration of information resources and gradually realize the efficient circulation and sharing of overseas intellectual property information throughout the country. Optimize the website of the National Overseas Intellectual Property Dispute Response Guidance Center, and promote the smooth interconnection between the National Guidance Center and the websites of local sub-centers and overseas sub-centers. Promote the upgrade of business modules, and constantly improve the "four-in-one" information service network of websites, service numbers, small programs and offline salons.

(5) Strengthen the support system for dispute handling guidance talents. Improve the overseas intellectual property expert consultation system, strengthen the construction of overseas intellectual property dispute response guidance expert database, encourage and support the docking of expert databases around the country, and fully share expert resources. Select and cultivate overseas intellectual property research think tanks and conduct research on major overseas intellectual property disputes. Guide export-oriented enterprises, intellectual property and legal service institutions to strengthen the training of overseas intellectual property practitioners and strengthen the overseas intellectual property talent reserve. Establish an overseas intellectual property Commissioner system to help enterprises expand overseas intellectual property protection talent resources.

Third, strengthen guidance services and improve the level of overseas intellectual property disputes.

(6) Strengthen overseas risk prevention and control and dispute response guidance services. Establish and improve the tracking and publishing mechanism of overseas intellectual property litigation, trade investigation and other information, provide early warning services for enterprises in a timely manner, and strengthen the guidance of coping strategies. Strengthen intellectual property rights protection assistance services for overseas key exhibitions, strengthen exchanges, cooperation and coordination and consultation with exhibition organizers and law enforcement agencies in the host places, and realize the full chain service of pre-exhibition training and risk investigation, exhibition resident service and rights protection guidance, post-exhibition case tracking and summary feedback. Establish and improve the early warning and response mechanism for overseas registered trademarks of enterprises in China, continuously update the guidelines for trademark rights protection in key overseas countries, and guide China enterprises to reasonably deal with overseas trademark disputes. Carry out the construction of overseas intellectual property risk prevention and control system in key industries, monitor key overseas intellectual property information in real time, strengthen the research on overseas intellectual property protection mode of key industries, and provide timely guidance services for overseas intellectual property risk prevention and control and dispute response.

(seven) to promote the development of diversified dispute resolution mechanism. Promote the establishment of intellectual property arbitration institutions and mediation organizations, explore the establishment of intellectual property professional committees in overseas civil and commercial dispute mediation institutions, give full play to the advantages of diversified dispute resolution mechanisms such as arbitration and mediation, provide efficient and convenient overseas intellectual property dispute resolution platforms for Chinese enterprises, and guide enterprises to quickly resolve overseas intellectual property disputes through reconciliation, mediation and arbitration.

(eight) encourage the use of various means to reduce the cost of overseas rights protection of enterprises. Encourage insurance institutions to carry out overseas intellectual property infringement liability insurance, patent enforcement insurance, patent infringement loss insurance and overseas exhibition intellectual property disputes legal fees insurance, and reduce the cost of overseas intellectual property rights protection for enterprises. We will promote the establishment and improvement of overseas IPR protection and mutual assistance mechanisms, encourage enterprises to set up overseas IPR protection and mutual assistance funds, and ease the pressure on overseas IPR protection funds.

Fourth, strengthen information services and optimize the dynamic release mechanism of overseas intellectual property rights.

(nine) to carry out overseas intellectual property legal system tracking research. Establish and improve the dynamic tracking mechanism, strengthen the tracking research on the revision of intellectual property laws, regulations and policies in key countries (regions), and timely release the information on the adjustment and change of intellectual property protection legal system and policy environment in key countries (regions). Continue to issue national guides for intellectual property protection in key countries (regions). Regularly update the official fee information of intellectual property rights in key countries (regions).

(ten) to strengthen the analysis and research of major typical cases. Collect and sort out typical cases of overseas intellectual property disputes, and gradually establish and enrich case databases in the fields of patents, trademarks, geographical indications, trade secrets and unfair competition. Strengthen the study of typical cases and release risk warning or early warning information in time. Strengthen the statistics, analysis and judgment of overseas trade information data of key countries (regions) to provide basic support for enterprises to deal with intellectual property-related trade investigations.

(eleven) to carry out environmental assessment of overseas intellectual property protection. In view of the intellectual property difficulties encountered by enterprises in China in the process of "going global", a survey report on the business environment of key countries (regions) was released. Improve the evaluation index system of intellectual property protection index and publish the annual global intellectual property protection index report.

Five, strengthen the professional construction, improve the ability of market players to deal with overseas disputes.

(twelve) to enhance the awareness and ability of overseas intellectual property protection of enterprises. Focus on the intellectual property protection needs of China enterprises in the process of "going global", focus on the key areas and key links of overseas intellectual property disputes, and carry out special training for enterprises and other market entities to comprehensively enhance their awareness of overseas intellectual property protection and their ability to deal with disputes. Establish a contact mechanism with overseas intellectual property and legal service institutions, select a number of qualified and powerful domestic and foreign intellectual property and legal service institutions, publish a list of service institutions that meet the needs of enterprises’ foreign trade development, and provide professional and high-quality services for enterprises. Explore the establishment of a "1+1" cooperation mechanism between domestic service agencies and overseas legal service agencies to provide enterprises with professional and high-quality services with controllable costs.

(XIII) Improve the information communication mechanism for overseas intellectual property protection. Establish and improve the communication mechanism for overseas intellectual property protection of China enterprises, understand the demands of enterprises, and strengthen information exchange and experience sharing among all parties. To carry out overseas intellectual property protection work, we should focus on enterprise cultivation projects and build a network of overseas intellectual property observation enterprises. Improve the information notification and emergency response mechanism for major overseas intellectual property disputes. Explore the establishment of feedback channels for Chinese enterprises to encounter unfair treatment of intellectual property rights and give targeted support and guidance. Organize local and industry associations for the promotion of international trade to build an overseas intellectual property rights protection assistance platform for enterprises, open a service hotline, and rely on overseas intellectual property expert consultants to provide public welfare consulting services.

(14) Strengthen foreign cooperation and exchanges on intellectual property protection. Actively promote the coordination and response of overseas intellectual property disputes and improve the overseas law enforcement cooperation mechanism. Give full play to the functions of the overseas representative offices of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, strengthen communication with relevant institutions in the host countries, and support and guide "going global" enterprises to do a good job in overseas intellectual property protection. Timely convey China’s intellectual property protection policy trends to overseas foreign associations, relevant institutions and enterprises, comprehensively use various international exchange and cooperation platforms, and actively publicize China’s intellectual property protection development achievements.

Six, strengthen organizational guarantee, and lay a solid foundation for the construction of overseas dispute response mechanism.

(15) Strengthen organizational leadership. China National Intellectual Property Administration and the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade will strengthen the top-level design of overseas intellectual property disputes, and make overall planning and coordination. The provincial intellectual property management departments, together with the local and trade promotion councils, will make overall plans to promote the response to overseas intellectual property disputes within their respective jurisdictions, strengthen coordination and linkage, establish working mechanisms, integrate regional resources, form joint efforts, and comprehensively promote all work. Major issues arising in the work should be reported to the China National Intellectual Property Administration and China Committees for the Promotion of International Trade in a timely manner.

(sixteen) do a good job in the implementation of the work. All provincial intellectual property management departments, local and industry CCPIT should improve their sense of responsibility and strictly implement their responsibilities in accordance with the division of functions. It is necessary to respond to the actual demand in combination with overseas intellectual property disputes in the region and the industry, refine the work objectives and implementation plans, increase resource input, strengthen team building, strengthen comprehensive security, and ensure the effectiveness of the work.

(seventeen) to strengthen publicity and guidance. All provincial intellectual property management departments, local and industry CCPIT should make full use of various platform channels, innovate ways and means, and increase the publicity of overseas intellectual property disputes. Select typical cases for key publicity and interpretation, so that more enterprises can understand overseas intellectual property protection work, create a good social environment for the detailed implementation of various tasks, and give full play to the role of overseas intellectual property dispute response mechanism.

China National Intellectual Property Administration　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

November 30, 2021　　　　　　　

Image source: the idea of the worm

First, Amazon

Founded in 1994, Amazon is the world’s largest cross-border e-commerce platform. At present, the cross-border e-commerce Amazon’s retail product line covers books, audio-visual products, software, consumer electronics, household appliances, kitchen utensils, food, toys, maternal and child products, cosmetics, daily necessities, sports equipment, clothing, shoes and hats, jewelry and other categories.

Second, AliExpress

AliExpress is Alibaba’s online trading platform for the international market. Founded in 2010, its customers and buyers have covered more than 220 countries and regions, covering 30 first-class industry categories such as clothing, 3C, home and accessories.

Third, ebay

EBay (EBAY Chinese Electronic Bay, Yibei, Yi Bei) is an online auction and shopping website that allows people all over the world to buy and sell goods online. Ebay was founded in San Jose, California on September 4th, 1995 by Pierre Omidyar under the name of Auctionweb. People can sell goods online on ebay.

Fourth, Shopee

Shopee is an e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia and Taiwan, China. In 2015, it was established and headquartered in Singapore, and then expanded to seven major markets: Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Viet Nam and the Philippines. Shopee has a variety of goods, including consumer electronics, home, beauty care, maternal and child, clothing and fitness equipment.

V. Coupang

Coupang is the largest cross-border e-commerce platform in Korea, an e-commerce enterprise headquartered in Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Its founder is Bom Kim, and the company was established in 2010. In May 2015, the company’s total financing has reached 1.4 billion US dollars, and Coupang’s valuation has exceeded one trillion won, about 913 million US dollars.

Sixth, Wish

A mobile e-commerce shopping APP in North America. In 2018, Wish supplied more than 200 million products to more than 350 million consumers around the world, with more than 90 million monthly active users and 125,000 active merchants. The daily shipment reached 2 million orders, and the orders mainly came from the United States, Canada, Europe and other regions around the world.

VII. Lazada

Lazada, one of the largest online shopping websites in Southeast Asia. With the support of SamwerBrothers, a German business incubator, Lazada mainly targets users in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. Lazada Group has become the flagship e-commerce platform of Alibaba Group in Southeast Asia since 2016.

Eight, Cdiscount

The largest e-commerce platform in France, established in 1998, belongs to the Casino Group, including the sales of 3C digital, home, gardening, outdoor and entertainment products.

Nine, Ozon

Ozon is a Russian B2C e-commerce platform and the largest online retailer in Russia. It was founded in 1998 and is often called "Russian Amazon" or "Russian Taobao". Ozon has more sales categories than other Russian e-commerce platforms, covering books, electronics, clothing, family, children, beauty, food and pets, sports and other commodity categories, so that sellers have more distribution options.

X. 11th 11street

11th Street ranks among the top three most popular e-commerce websites in Korea, and local platforms in Turkey, Malaysia and Thailand are currently in operation. It is an open platform operated by celcom planesdn.bhd.

(Source: Cross-border compass)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s cross-border position! This article is reproduced with the authorization of the original author, and it needs the authorization and consent of the original author. ?