While affirming that Guangdong Province attaches great importance to the high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry, the audit findings also point out that many pharmaceutical consumables distribution enterprises have increased intermediate sales links and raised the price of medical equipment, medical personnel have long accepted the benefits from pharmaceutical companies, and medical institutions have illegally purchased or used medical equipment.

Reporter | Qu Yixian

Source | vision china

On August 8th, an investigation report on special audit of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Audit Office (draft for comments) obtained by Economic Observer Network showed that three pharmaceutical manufacturers in Guangdong Province had used 4.077 billion yuan for public relations and other purposes, pushing up the ex-factory price of drugs.

In addition, while affirming that Guangdong Province attaches great importance to the high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry, the audit findings also point out that many pharmaceutical consumables distribution enterprises have increased intermediate sales links and raised the price of medical equipment, medical personnel have long accepted the benefits from pharmaceutical companies, and medical institutions have illegally purchased or used medical equipment.

From the end of May to July, 2023, the audit team sent by the National Audit Office conducted a special audit investigation on the production, distribution and use of drugs and high-value medical consumables in Guangdong Province (excluding Shenzhen, the same below), focusing on the relevant administrative departments of drug supervision, medical security and health care in Guangdong Province, public hospitals, primary medical and health service institutions and other medical institutions, and the production and distribution enterprises of drugs and consumables.

People close to the Guangdong Health Care System told Economic Observer that the Guangdong Health Care System was indeed being audited some time ago and just ended. "This audit is very strict."

The above audit investigation report was signed by "Guangdong Provincial Special Audit Investigation Team on the Production, Distribution and Use of Drugs and High-value Medical Consumables", which was forwarded by the Guangdong Provincial Health and Health Commission Office to Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Foshan, Heyuan, Dongguan, Zhongshan Health Bureau (Commission), Provincial People’s Hospital, Provincial Second People’s Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Cancer Prevention Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Stomatological Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University.

The staff of the above-mentioned hospital confirmed to the Economic Observer that the investigation report forwarded by the Guangdong Provincial Health and Health Commission was true. The doctor of another hospital told Economic Observer that the hospital level issued several anti-corruption announcements.

Drug production enterprises collect funds for public relations.

Audit spot checks found that from 2021 to May 2023, three pharmaceutical manufacturers in Guangdong paid fees to 1,936 third-party business promotion companies, and withdrew 4.077 billion yuan in the name of service fees, which increased the comprehensive cost of drugs and pushed up the ex-factory price.

These three enterprises are Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Guangdong Yifang Company"), Guangzhou Poinsettia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Guangzhou Poinsettia Company") and Livzon Group.

Among them, the Guangdong company paid 2.39 billion yuan to 966 business promotion companies in the name of "technical service fee", which was used for the pharmacy construction cost and labor cost of cooperative hospitals.

Guangzhou Poinsettia Company collected 1.675 billion yuan by registering conference service companies in batches, and assigned a third-party company to register and set up 962 conference service companies at the same address in the form of "cluster registration". The third-party company further decomposed the funds according to the requirements of Guangzhou Poinsettia Company and transferred them to specific personnel accounts to pay the public relations expenses of hospitals in various regions.

Livzon Group set up a consulting company through its employees to collect funds of 12.4001 million yuan, and the funds were transferred to the personal accounts of relevant employees for drug public relations.

In addition to pharmaceutical manufacturers, the audit investigation team also found that pharmaceutical consumables distribution enterprises increased intermediate sales links and pushed up the circulation price of medical equipment. The enterprises involved include Kangchao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Sinopharm Equipment (Dongguan) Co., Ltd., and the products involved include Cao Qinghua Yixin Chushi Zhitong Capsule and other high-value medical consumables such as spinal internal fixators.

It is worth noting that there are also public hospitals that increase procurement intermediate links to make profits to subordinate enterprises. For example, from 2020 to May 2023, the Cancer Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University appointed Guangdong Guanhua Medical Service Company, a subsidiary of the trade union, to supply medical consumables for it, and Guangdong Guanhua Medical Service Company made a profit of 7,488,200 yuan, with an average price increase rate of 6.6%.

Medical personnel have long accepted the benefits delivered by pharmaceutical companies.

Audit investigation shows that domestic authoritative medical experts have long accepted exclusive service arrangements of foreign-funded pharmaceutical enterprises. Kehui Medical Devices International Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Kehui Company") is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, which mainly sells Covidien brand medical devices, and has long sponsored academic exchange activities organized by medical and pharmaceutical associations at all levels in China, and requires domestic distributors to pay accommodation, transportation, air tickets and other expenses for participating doctors and experts according to 2% of annual sales.

The audit spot check found that in 2022, Foshan Tailing Trading Co., Ltd., the brand distributor, paid 15.8117 million yuan for transportation, accommodation, catering and other expenses for medical experts and related personnel through nine travel agencies according to the instructions of Kehui Company, of which only one travel agency provided special follow-up, special car transfer and gifts for 272 authoritative experts in the medical field in China (including 63 in Guangdong Province) in seven meetings.

In addition, 4,782 medical staff illegally accepted the benefits delivered by foreign-funded pharmaceutical companies in the name of conference registration fees, involving pharmaceutical companies such as Bayer Healthcare Co., Ltd.

In addition, four medical experts from public hospitals received a targeted donation of 2.37 million yuan from pharmaceutical companies through the foundation of Guangdong Medical Association, involving five pharmaceutical companies including Beihai Kangcheng (Shanghai) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Medical institutions illegally purchase or use medical devices.

The audit investigation found that medical institutions illegally purchase or use medical devices, which has hidden hidden dangers of life and health and financial security.

The audit spot check found that three medical institutions, including Zengcheng Branch of Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University (hereinafter referred to as Zengcheng Branch of Southern Hospital), had problems such as determining the winning bidder in advance and purchasing large-scale medical equipment at a high price, involving funds of 73.0828 million yuan (including equipment price increase of 30.209 million yuan).

For example, in 2020, the then president of Zengcheng Branch of Southern Hospital organized the head of the department to conduct a feasibility study on purchasing X-ray computed tomography scanner, and determined the equipment of American GE Company quoted by Guangzhou Tangyun Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. In June 2021, the enterprise actually controlled by the company won the bid with the same brand and model equipment, with the winning bid amount of 29.49 million yuan, the purchase price of which was 14.287 million yuan, and the difference reached 15.2 million yuan.

In addition, the audit survey found that from 2018 to May 2023, a total of 491 medical institutions in Guangdong Province entrusted Guoyi Tendering Co., Ltd. to carry out bidding for more than 10,000 large-scale medical equipment or consumables procurement projects, with a total project amount of 22.386 billion yuan. Among them, only 3 companies participated in the bidding for nearly 9,000 projects.

Zengcheng Branch of Southern Hospital illegally purchased a proton radiotherapy system equipment without the permission of National Health Commission Class A large-scale medical equipment configuration, and paid 50% of the purchase price of 120 million yuan from the special government debt before the main components were shipped.

In terms of illegal use of medical devices, two medical institutions, including Zhongshan People’s Hospital, repeatedly used 2409 disposable ultrasonic blades, involving 15,100 person-times, involving medical insurance fund of 7,730,600 yuan. The Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University applied the "ultrasonic osteotome" used in the operation to the charging item of "additional ultrasonic scalpel", and illegally charged 67.2031 million yuan for medical treatment and 5.7011 million yuan for medical insurance fund.

The audit investigation also found that Guangdong Medical Association received 52,056,200 yuan from 329 pharmaceutical companies to designate doctors to promote their products. Guangdong Medical Association fraudulently distributed lecture fees and preparation fees of 169,600 yuan to medical experts in violation of regulations.

It is worth noting that the audit survey results also pointed out that Guangdong Province attaches great importance to the high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry, actively promotes comprehensive reforms in the pharmaceutical field, and continuously optimizes the business environment of pharmaceutical enterprises, achieving good results. In view of the problems found in the above audit investigation, the audit investigation team also gave a number of suggestions.

On August 8, Economic Observer Network called the investor relations department of Livzon Group several times, but it was not connected. Ask Bayer China for an interview and get no reply; The relevant person in charge of Beihai Kangcheng responded that his company had not received a notice to cooperate with the investigation, and it was not clear about the specific situation.

Original title: Medical Corruption in an Audit Investigation Report

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Full of green’s parks, greenways, clean and tidy farmers’ markets, neatly parked roadside vehicles and colorful volunteer activities … Walking in Longgang, the civilization scene everywhere is refreshing.

The beauty of the city is not limited to the beautiful scenery, but also lies in the profound and heavy background of civilization. In the three years since the town was removed and the city was set up, in the hot spot of reform, the projects of upgrading quality and improving people’s livelihood have been accelerated: more than 30 hectares of green space have been added, and 7.2 kilometers of greenways for people’s livelihood have been completed; Create 4 Wuhua farmers’ markets and 9 provincial assured markets; Get through the microcirculation of regional roads, and traffic congestion has dropped significantly …

Today, Longgang is making great efforts to move towards a provincial demonstration civilized city.

"external beauty"

Dress up the value of the city based on the existing resources

Uniformly decorated interiors, standardized and tidy booth classification, and strict garbage management … The fourth vegetable market in Longgang City is a clean and hygienic modern farmer’s market. "After the management reform in recent years, the environment of the vegetable market has changed too much." Ms. Zhu, a business owner who has been engaged in aquatic products for 20 years, deeply felt: "With the red, yellow and green OEM, we will know where to start improving."

Previously, the Longgang farmers’ market generally had problems such as dirty environment and outdated equipment, and the basic conditions were relatively weak. In order to solve the difficulties, Longgang has transformed the market as a whole in batches based on the original market framework through internal transformation and upgrading. At present, it has created 4 Wuhua farmers’ markets and 9 provincial assured markets.

After the market transformation and upgrading, how to maintain it is a big problem. To this end, Longgang further optimized the management mechanism by means of "green, yellow and red list" scoring mechanism and market professional management. The OEM mentioned by Ms. Zhu is the innovative practice of Longgang City. "We evaluate the farmers’ market and business households separately, and judge the green, yellow and red lists every month according to the scores, reward the winners of the green list, and take punishment measures such as suspending business and rectifying the objects on the’ red list’." Sun Zuogan, deputy director of Longgang State Administration for Market Regulation, said that they have also effectively implemented the main responsibility of the market and improved the market management ability through specialized custody of the farmers’ market.

While dressing up the farmers’ market, the traffic problems closely related to people’s livelihood are also quietly changing. Since July this year, the traffic micro-circulation construction has been implemented in the Xiakou area of Longgang, and 16 two-way paths in the area have been changed to one-way traffic, and on-street parking spaces have been added. As soon as this move comes out, it not only relieves the traffic pressure on main roads, improves the utilization rate of secondary and branch roads, but also relieves the contradiction between parking supply and demand to some extent. "In the case that the urban road reconstruction project is difficult to implement, it is an effective measure with little investment and quick results to carry out traffic microcirculation reconstruction." Lin Hao, deputy squadron leader of Longgang Traffic Police Brigade, said that since the trial, the traffic congestion alarm in Xiabu area has dropped by 80%, and the traffic accident alarm has dropped by 28.1%.

Strolling in the ecological corridor of Yuehu Lake and Cuihu Lake, the beautiful lakeside scenery and the scene of the new district with high-rise buildings are reflected in the curtain. From "beautiful corner" to "dotted", in recent years, Longgang has been deeply involved in the construction of park green space, relying on the renovation of Kugaji to further enhance the urban ecological charm. At present, 15 "Jinjiao Yinbian" park green space projects have been started, with more than 30 hectares of green space added, and 7.2 kilometers of greenway for people’s livelihood has been completed. The first phase of Yuehu Cuihu Ecological Corridor has been completed, and the second phase of the city park (wetland) park is scheduled to open in late September. By then, Longgang citizens will have more good places to rest and entertain.

"inner beauty"

Enriching cultural activities and condensing consensus on writing.

The most beautiful scenery of a city is "people", and the most beautiful scene is that everyone is bathed in the new wind of civilization and everyone is involved in the creation of civilization.

On the occasion of the Mid-Autumn Festival on September 10th, 13 families from Zhixinmingdu Community in Longgang spent an unforgettable full moon night together-tasting moon cakes, learning about Mid-Autumn Festival customs and folklore, and going to the seaside sightseeing belt to watch the tide and enjoy the moon. Under the leadership of volunteers, the scene was full of laughter and laughter, and everyone talked about the beautiful life and felt the romance and warmth of the traditional culture of Mid-Autumn Festival together.

This is a microcosm of Longgang’s rich volunteer service activities and the promotion of the construction of a 10-minute volunteer service circle. In recent years, with the transformation of Longgang from town to city, citizens have put forward new requirements for the content and quality of cultural services.

Based on the construction of a civilized practice center in the new era, Longgang established a voluntary service federation, launched a new form of voluntary service order, and opened up the "last mile" of serving the masses. Through the online platform, communities and citizens can submit the demand for activities, and the system accurately delivers the orders to professional teams in the form of dispatching orders, thus achieving accurate delivery of volunteer activities. As of August this year, Longgang has carried out more than a thousand voluntary service activities. Quietly, the power of civilization imperceptibly infiltrated the hearts of Longgang citizens.

Taking the creation of "Sharing Society Happiness Lane" as the starting point, Longgang actively builds a 15-minute quality cultural life circle and accelerates the construction of cultural activity facilities. A number of key cultural sites with high value and high taste, such as Longgang Art Museum, Yue Long Road City Study Room, and Jiajiao Lacquerware Private Museum, have successively landed.

"The creation of a civilized city is a systematic work, which depends not only on the government’s leadership, but also on the participation of the masses." Huang Changyao, deputy director of the Propaganda and United Front Work Department of Longgang Municipal Committee, said that in order to unite the consensus of creating articles, Longgang focused on the improvement of the exquisite environment in the whole region, promoted the creation of civilized cities, strengthened the construction of the creation mechanism, and established a centralized action plan, a centralized inspection plan, and a civilized "1151" system to create linkage mechanisms. At the same time, it also created Tuesday Civilization Creation Day, monthly volunteer service festival, daily courtesy zebra crossing persuasion and other activity carriers to promote the creation of civilization throughout the world.

Walking in Longgang, wherever you go, the flowers of civilization bloom-every courtesy in front of the zebra crossing, every time you bow your head and pick up the garbage around you, and every smiling face of volunteers is a beautiful interpretation of the broad masses of cadres and people in the city who have devoted themselves to the creation of provincial civilized cities.

If you do not stop, the future can be expected. With the joint efforts of the whole city, the upsurge of creating a civilized city is surging in Longgang, and a picture scroll of butterfly change of civilization showing the characteristics of Longgang is slowly spreading out.(Reporter Jin Ruiya)

New expectations of citizens

Yellow light shuttle

Identity:

Secretary of the Party Branch of Xipai Community in Longgang

Voice:

With the promotion of the establishment of a civilized city, in recent years, the appearance of Longgang farmers’ market has changed completely. In particular, our Xipai Farmers’ Market, as the first five-star standard pilot in our city, has completed the five-star drawing design at present, and will immediately start the budget, bidding and other processes, design and build according to the five-star standard, so as to obtain the acceptance of the four-star civilized and standardized market this year, declare the establishment of the five-star civilized and standardized farmers’ market next year, and strive to create the first five-star civilized and standardized farmers’ market in our city.

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Frontier science issues

What is the ecological mechanism of cross-species transmission of coronaviruses?

　　At present, COVID-19 is raging around the world. Virologists have repeatedly warned that cross-species transmission of coronaviruses is a high probability event. The background situation of wild animals such as bats carrying coronaviruses and how wild animals break through ecological and physiological barriers to cause cross-species transmission and infection are still unclear at the scientific level. This question is of great significance for revealing the cross-species transmission mechanism of coronaviruses and preventing future epidemics caused by coronaviruses.

Question 2: How will the attractive force wave reveal the mysteries of the universe?

　　Since the first direct detection of attractive force waves in 2015, attractive force waves have rapidly become a hotspot in the frontier research of basic physics and astrophysics in the world, and it is expected that there will be a historical opportunity for major breakthroughs in the origin of the universe in more than ten years. Attractive force waves open a new window for observing the universe. By observing the generation and distribution of attractive force wave sources in the universe, it is expected to answer the deep scientific questions left over from the standard model of general relativity and particle physics, thereby deepening the understanding of nature.

Question 3: How does Earth’s material evolve and circulate?

　　The earth’s materials are mainly divided into rocks and minerals. People’s understanding of the evolution and circulation of magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks in the earth’s historical period is blurred due to the lack of comprehensive analysis of big data. Using the comprehensive analysis of big data platforms and deep-time big data systems on the earth, it is possible to establish a connection between the basic course and special events of mineral evolution and planetary geological evolution, clarify the evolution law and coupling relationship of planetary earth and its multiple circles from the perspective of mineral evolution, and answer the basic scientific questions about how planetary earth evolves and whether there is a co-evolution relationship between various circles of the earth.

Question 4: What will a fifth-generation nuclear energy system look like?

　　In 2000, the Fourth Generation Nuclear Energy System International Forum initiated by the US Department of Energy divided the development of nuclear energy into four generations. At present, the research on the fifth generation nuclear energy system is still in the exploratory and exchange stage, and there is no mature concept definition and goal definition, and there is little talk about its realization path. If it can promote the implementation and final realization of the concept of the fifth generation nuclear energy system, it can reform the concept of nuclear energy development, the model of nuclear energy development, the concept of nuclear energy application, and support the deep decarbonization of the energy system; lead the world in nuclear energy innovation, and help China become the world’s nuclear energy innovation highland.

What is the scientific principle of special energy field-assisted manufacturing?

　　With the continued demand for lightweight and safety in aerospace, transportation, and other fields, high-strength materials, including ultra-high-strength steels, light alloys, composites, and intermetallic compounds, are applied to complex components. As material strength increases, manufacturing difficulty increases significantly, and forming defects are more difficult to control. Existing research shows that special energy field-assisted forming technology has great potential in improving the manufacturing challenges of high-strength and difficult-to-deform materials.

Question 6: How can digital transportation infrastructure promote the coordinated development of autonomous driving and vehicles?

　　In the future, the large-scale social operation of autonomous vehicles will inevitably appear, which will be a change for the transportation system, and the road transportation system is facing the challenge of evolution and replacement. For the research on new road infrastructure to support the social operation of autonomous driving, our country is still in its infancy, and there is no ready-made advanced technology and experience abroad to learn from. It is necessary to transfer the support of autonomous driving research to the research of intelligent supply on the infrastructure side and the research of comprehensive integrated landing application in a timely manner.

Question 7: What is the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine that regulates human immune function?

　　Although the basic research of immunology has made remarkable achievements and medicine is also developing by leaps and bounds, it is still insufficient in the prevention and treatment of many difficult and serious diseases. Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis still plague patients. The occurrence, development, and outcome of these major and difficult diseases are closely related to immunity. Traditional Chinese medicine can act on the body at multiple levels, targets, and pathways, regulate the body’s immune function, and has important application value in disease prevention and treatment.

Question 8: What is the biological basis of plant apomixis?

　　Non-fusion reproduction is a kind of reproductive method that propagates asexually through seeds, which can make hybrid varieties produce cloned seeds, keep the characters of hybrid offspring from separating, and thus permanently fix ** advantages. However, due to the complexity of the mechanism of non-fusion reproduction, despite the efforts of scientists from many countries for nearly a century, its formation mechanism is still unclear, and it has not been successfully applied to crop breeding.

Question 9: How to optimize the water carrying capacity of our country in a changing environment and achieve a healthy regional water balance?

　　At present, the construction of ecological civilization in our country has entered an accelerated period and a critical period, which puts forward higher requirements for the intensive utilization and strict protection of water resources. Studying the scientific issue of water resources carrying capacity and water balance optimization under changing conditions is conducive to deepening the understanding of the factors of regional water cycle in our country and their evolution laws, improving the evaluation method of water resources carrying capacity, clarifying the index significance of water balance status for water resources carrying capacity, clarifying the occurrence mechanism of many water problems and ecological environment problems, and providing important theoretical and technical support for summarizing the economic and social development and ecological protection models that are compatible with water resources carrying capacity, and effectively protecting and restoring the ecological environment.

Question 10: How to establish a theoretical and technical foundation for virtual twins and develop demonstration applications?

　　Virtual twin is a process and method for describing and modeling the characteristics, behavior, formation process and performance of physical entities and intelligent entity objects in the real world using digital technologies such as sensors, Internet of Things, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, etc. on the basis of digital twin, also known as virtual twin technology. It is based on digital twin, but focuses more on modeling and simulation of intelligent entities or living beings. How to realize the interaction and integration of manufacturing the physical world and the information world is one of the core bottlenecks currently faced by the practice of intelligent manufacturing concepts and goals at home and abroad.

Engineering problems

Question 1: How to develop new pathways and technologies for novel immune cells in tumor treatment?

　　Immune cell technology is the hope for human to completely cure tumors, and it is one of the hot areas pursued by cutting-edge medicine and capital around the world. As a key node cell linking cellular immunity and humoral immunity, dendritic cells (DC) can mobilize the entire immune system, resist the invasion of pathogens and promote the clearance of tumor cells, becoming a key research direction of new immune cell therapies. The new DC amplification technology can realize the standardization and mass production of DC vaccines, which can significantly reduce the preparation cost and serve more cancer patients, with obvious economic and social benefits.

Question 2: Why has the integrated design of horizontal take-off and landing combined power vehicles become the new focus of aerospace technology?

　　水平起降组合动力运载器具有快速、廉价、可靠的特点，可成为低成本天地往返运输工具。水平起降组合动力运载器一体化设计技术是支撑未来航天运输系统发展与应用的核心技术之一，是未来先进航天运输系统的重要支撑技术之一。

●问题3：如何实现农业重大入侵生物的前瞻性风险预警和即时控制？

　　农业有害生物入侵不仅仅是简单的植物病虫害或动物疫情问题，入侵生物的发生流行不仅危害食品安全和农业生产，造成巨大的直接经济损失，还可能对人类健康构成越来越大甚至是灾难性的威胁，对外交、经济和社会产生巨大影响。因此，站在国际化、全球化视角，从科学研究和专业技术层面，开展农业入侵生物跨境传播预警及防减技术合作的协同攻关，将有力解决入侵生物疫情的源头治理和联防联控关键技术难题，保障社会稳定与公共安全。

●问题4：信息化条件下国家关键基础设施如何防范重大电磁威胁？

　　强电磁脉冲一旦对金融、能源、电力等领域的关键信息基础设施产生影响，将可能导致交通中断、金融紊乱、电力瘫痪等重大事故。开展此项研究，对确保关键基础设施电磁安全、保护经济建设成果、提升关键基础设施容灾抗毁能力具有重要意义。

●问题5：硅光技术能否促成光电子和微电子的融合？

　　信息光电子芯片已然成为“数字化新基建”的核心和基石，也是全球信息通信价值链的关键领域和网络强国建设的“国之重器”。硅基光电子芯片技术既可应用于芯片级光互连，又适用于长距离光纤通信，可实现全功能光电子集成，具有极高的通用性和兼容性，是微电子和光电子两大产业公认的发展方向。利用国内现有微电子产业资源和互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）制造平台，建立健全硅光产业链，可以有效提升我国信息光电子的制造能力，缓解光电子芯片制造工艺的“卡脖子”困境，为我国信息化新基建提供有力支撑。

Question 6: How to solve the problem of on-line defect detection in integrated circuit manufacturing process?

　　The field of integrated circuits is currently the main battlefield of international science and technology competition and the focus of the game between major powers. For integrated circuit defect detection technology and equipment, on the one hand, the most advanced technology and equipment are monopolized by a few developed countries; on the other hand, the defect online detection technology of 7 nanometers and below nodes around the world is still immature, and the equipment gap is still huge. Whoever takes the lead in mastering the corresponding key technologies will have the dominance in the future. This is both an opportunity and a challenge for our country.

Question 7: How can unmanned vehicles achieve high-precision intelligent navigation under conditions where satellites are not available?

　　Special unmanned vehicles represented by unmanned rescue vehicles, unmanned mining vehicles, and unmanned transport vehicles are the core unmanned equipment for completing modern operations, emergency rescue and disaster relief. In order to improve the emergency rescue and joint operation capabilities of unmanned vehicles, its navigation system is required to have functions such as high-precision positioning, autonomous obstacle avoidance, intelligent path planning and guidance. Therefore, it is necessary to study high-precision and fully autonomous navigation methods and to solve the problem of inertia-based intelligent navigation for unmanned vehicles.

● Question 8: How to achieve the unity of "large-scale", "low energy consumption" and "high stability" in the large-scale production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water from renewable energy sources?

　　The development of high-efficiency and low-cost renewable energy and hydrogen energy technologies is a timely response to the country’s major needs, and it is also a high-quality solution for reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change globally. However, the current level of development of hydrogen electrolysis technology limits the conversion efficiency and industrialization process of renewable energy into chemical energy. Breakthrough in high-efficiency, low-cost, and large-scale hydrogen electrolysis technology can greatly promote the utilization and development of renewable energy and hydrogen energy.

Question 9: How to break through the intelligent construction and engineering health protection technology of the expressway into Tibet?

　　The lithology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is complex and changeable, the neotectonic movement is intense, the deep and large active faults are widely distributed, the glaciers, permafrost and mountain disaster groups (chains) are developed, and there are "significant terrain height difference", "strong plate activity", "frequent mountain disasters", "sensitive permafrost environment" four geological environmental characteristics, as well as "high frequency freeze-thaw cycle", "severe wet and dry alternation" and "extreme cold and hypoxia" three climatic and environmental characteristics. The series of engineering and technical problems brought about by this are the key technical factors restricting the development of high-speed transportation in Tibet.

　　CCTV News:On May 30, the highly concerned HPV nine-valent vaccine (nine-valent cervical cancer vaccine) began to be injected in Boao, Hainan. On the first day of injection, about 1,000 people completed the vaccine appointment.

　　HPV vaccination should be treated rationally

　　A month ago (April 29th), National Medical Products Administration approved the marketing of nine-valent cervical cancer vaccine in the Mainland. Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pioneer Zone enjoys nine supporting policies, such as drug import registration and approval, and it takes only one month to take the lead in completing all the approval of nine-valent cervical cancer vaccine for marketing injection, and injecting it for school-age women in need. According to the regulations,The vaccine in the Mainland is suitable for women aged 16 to 26.

　　It is understood that HPV nine-valent vaccine is the most comprehensive vaccine against HPV virus in the world, and it can prevent 90% of cervical cancer against nine subtypes. It can be injected in Hong Kong earlier, and a shot costs about HK$ 2,250.

　　Experts from National Medical Products Administration, Health and Health Commission and China CDC have recently answered questions related to vaccines.Experts said that HPV vaccination should be treated rationally.(For details, see: the vaccine that can prevent more than 90% of cervical cancer can be listed in China conditionally.)

　　Nine-valent HPV vaccine "conditionally approved for marketing"

　　Experts pointed out that at present, the nine-valent HPV vaccine that has been approved for import registration by priority review is conditionally approved for marketing. Shao Jie, reviewer of the Clinical Department of Biological Products of the National Drug Administration Center, said that conditional approval paid attention to the ethnic differences of clinical trial subjects.

　　Data from overseas clinical trials show that,There are more than 2,000 Asian people in the clinical trial of the nine-valent HPV vaccine.China, Hongkong, China, Taiwan Province, Japan, Korea, etc. The population of China, Hongkong and Taiwan Province, China, which were included in the clinical trial, were analyzed separately, and the results were consistent with those of the global population. This is the basis for the inclusion of imported nine-valent HPV vaccine in conditional approval.

　　Experts said that the overall principle of conditional approval is that the benefits outweigh the risks. After the enterprise is conditionally approved, it needs to improve the follow-up research work as required, and the regulatory agency will continue to follow up and supervise the vaccine throughout its life cycle.

　　The age range of vaccination adaptation is 16 ~26 years old.

　　The nine-valent HPV vaccine approved for marketing in ChinaThe age range of vaccination adaptation is 16 ~26 years old.. The reason why it is designated as this age group comes from three aspects:

　　1. At this age, the overseas clinical research data of the vaccine and its protective effect against persistent infection in East Asian population all suggest that the benefits outweigh the risks.

　　Second, the probability of sexual behavior among girls aged 9-15 in China is very low. However, the 9-to 15-year-old vaccinators only carried out the immune bridging test, and the clinical research data of the East Asian Chinese population in this test were limited.

　　Third, women over the age of 26 may have a history of virus exposure and infection. At present, there is no evidence to prove that this vaccine has a protective effect on the exposed population of this age group.

　　In addition, experts said that,The incidence of adverse reactions of nine-valent HPV vaccine will be higher than that of four-valent vaccine.

　　Wang Huaqing, chief expert of immunization program of China CDC, pointed out that vaccination is primary prevention and screening is secondary prevention, which are equally important at present.Cervical cancer screening measures should not be relaxed because of vaccination.

　　What are the differences between bivalent, tetravalent and ninth-order vaccines used to prevent cervical cancer? A picture makes it clear ↓

What is the average price of Wuyue Square in Zhangjiagang now? Is it worth starting with? What is the surrounding supporting environment? Today, Fangtianxia will focus on the situation of Wuyue Square Community in Zhangjiagang, so that you can fully understand the housing price trend, the advantages and disadvantages of the apartment type and the surrounding facilities, and better choose the house that suits you.

Xincheng Holdings will build a new city center in Zhangjiagang. The total construction area of Wuyue Plaza project in Zhangjiagang New City is about 580,000 square meters, including shopping plaza, commercial and residential buildings, houses and other products. The shopping plaza has been stationed in the format of department stores, supermarkets, KTV, cinemas, restaurants, culture and entertainment, etc. Wuyue Plaza will present a one-stop consumption and leisure place for the people of Zhangjiagang, which integrates shopping, catering, culture, entertainment and leisure.
　　　　　　Wuyue Plaza in Zhangjiagang New City is located at the intersection of South Second Ring Road and Jingang Avenue, which is the core area of the south of the port city and the scenic Jiyang Lake. The total area of the project is about 197 mu, and the planned construction area is about 580,000 square meters. The project covers large-scale experiential shopping plazas, quality houses, apartment buildings and outdoor pedestrian streets.

Address of Wuyue Plaza in Zhangjiagang: Intersection of Second Ring Road and Jingang Avenue in Jiyang, Zhangjiagang (south of Jiyang Lake Park)

No.9 and No.21 near Wuyue Square in Zhangjiagang, etc.

　　　　The standard floor E1 of Building No.1 # 2 # of Wuyue Plaza Phase I in Zhangjiagang is 142.00㎡ with 3 rooms, 2 halls, 2 bathrooms and 1 kitchen.

Internal facilities: department stores, supermarkets, KTV, cinemas, restaurants, culture, entertainment, etc.

Recommended housing 1:Building area of second-hand house in Room 1 and Hall 0 of Wuyue Plaza in Zhangjiagang: 50.0㎡ Price: 1 million yuan (20,000.0 yuan/㎡).

Recommended housing 2:Construction area of second-hand house in Room 3 and Hall 2 of Wuyue Plaza in Zhangjiagang: 130.0m2 Price: 1.196 million yuan (9200.0 yuan/m2).

Recommended housing 3:Building area of second-hand house in Room 3 and Hall 2 of Wuyue Plaza in Zhangjiagang: 90.0m2 Price: 828,000 yuan (9200.0 yuan/m2).

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 18th: Four Questions about Vaccination for the Elderly — — Investigation report from the front line of epidemic prevention and control

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　90.37%, which is the proportion of people who have completed the whole vaccination of Covid-19 vaccine in China; 86.6% and 66.4%, respectively, are the proportion of people over 60 years old and over 80 years old who have completed the whole vaccination.

　　With the weakening of pathogenicity in Omicron, the popularization of vaccination and the accumulation of prevention and control experience, China’s epidemic prevention and control is facing a new situation and new task.

　　The comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council optimized the implementation of the "New Ten Articles" of epidemic prevention and control, and accelerated the Covid-19 vaccination for the elderly. The Central Economic Work Conference just held also proposed that we should optimize epidemic prevention and control measures according to the current situation, conscientiously implement various measures for epidemic prevention and control in the new stage, focus on the prevention and control of the elderly and groups suffering from basic diseases, and strive to maintain health and prevent severe diseases.

　　Why should we emphasize the necessity of vaccination for the elderly? Does vaccination work? Is vaccination safe? The reporter launched an investigation on the front line of epidemic prevention and control.

　　On December 15th, at the COVID-19 Vaccination Point in Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, medical staff vaccinated the elderly with COVID-19 vaccine. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ren Chaoshe

　　How necessary — — The defense line of the elderly group is relatively fragile.

　　Li Cuiwen, 78, lives in a remote village in the central province. Children are all in the city. On weekdays, they send rice flour oil, and the vegetables are grown in their own fields. They go to the town to catch a gathering once a month.

　　"I can’t see outsiders." Li Cuiwen and his wife have not been vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine so far. "Is everyone fighting, even if we don’t fight, we can’t infect us?"

　　Li Cuiwen is not the only one who has similar questions. In this regard, Xia Gang, director of the Department of Health and Immunity of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, said that there are quite a few disabled and semi-disabled people in China who live at home for a long time and rarely go out, but they may still be infected when they are accompanied by relatives or visited by relatives.

　　Compared with the previous strains in Covid-19, the pathogenicity of Omicron is weakening, but the infectivity is becoming stronger. The extremely fast transmission speed is multiplied by China’s huge population base. Even if the severe illness rate and mortality rate are already very low, the number of people at risk should not be underestimated.

　　During the epidemic in Shanghai from March to June this year, compared with those who were not vaccinated, the death risk of people over 60 years old who completed the booster immunization was reduced by 98.08%, and that of people over 80 years old who completed the booster immunization was reduced by 95.83%.

　　At the press conference of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held recently, Xia Gang introduced that according to the research, if the elderly over 80 years old are not vaccinated with one dose of vaccine, the risk of death after being infected with Covid-19 is about 14.7%; If one dose of vaccine is inoculated, the risk of death will be reduced to 7.16%; If three doses of vaccine are inoculated, the risk of death will be reduced to 1.5%.

　　"I strongly call for accelerating the vaccination of vaccines, especially for vulnerable people such as the elderly." Zhong Nanshan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said.

　　On December 15th, two groups of communities were prepared in Kangmei Street, Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, and the medical staff of the community health service center checked the information of the elderly who had been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　How effective is it — — Survey data show that the risk of severe illness can be greatly reduced.

　　In Chongqing, Zhang, an 84-year-old rehabilitation patient, told reporters that he suffered from many basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. He completed the third dose of vaccination in July this year and was infected with Covid-19 in November. After treatment, his condition was effectively controlled and he has been discharged.

　　On December 16th, in the home of residents in Honghe Road Community, Zhongshan Road Street, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, the mobile vaccination team conducted pre-vaccination consultation and physical examination for the vaccinated elderly. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　"Studies at home and abroad confirm that vaccination has a good effect in preventing serious illness and death." Xia Gang said that after being infected with Covid-19, the elderly are more likely to develop into severe illness or even death, and Covid-19 vaccine will benefit the most.

　　At most, beijing ditan hospital has treated more than 100 COVID-19 patients over 80 years old. Chen Xiaoyou, vice president of the hospital, said that the vaccination rate of these elderly patients is generally low, and the incidence of severe illness after illness is relatively high, especially in COVID-19, which is aggravated by basic diseases.

　　COVID-19 Designated Treatment Hospital in Hefei — — Ding Zhen, director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Hefei Binhu Hospital, told the reporter: "For some elderly people with basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, Covid-19 infection may aggravate the inflammatory reaction in the body, aggravate the condition of the basic diseases, and even lead to multiple organ failure."

　　Ding Zhen introduced that from the observation of their clinical treatment, the elderly who have been vaccinated are less likely to get worse and the time required for nucleic acid to turn negative is shorter.

　　In October, 2022, The Lancet Infectious Diseases published a research result based on the real-world vaccination population, which was released by the relevant research team of School of Public Health, Li Ka-shing Medical College, HKU. The study shows that the effective rate of preventing severe illness is about 70% for the elderly over 60 years old who are vaccinated with two injections of domestic inactivated vaccine, and the effective rate of preventing severe illness is over 95% after the third injection of intensive immunization.

　　On December 13th, in the Community Health Service Center of Baihedong Street, Liwan District, Guangzhou, medical staff made information entry and consultation for the elderly residents who came to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Xinhua News Agency reporter Deng Hua photo

　　Security geometry — — Make clear the taboo of vaccination and ensure safety to the greatest extent.

　　In the past few days, in Huanghuagang Street, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, the average number of elderly people who take the initiative to consult and make an appointment for vaccination has exceeded 300, which is significantly higher than usual.

　　Yu Shu and Ye Yi, who live in Nongben community, had concerns about vaccination because of their basic diseases. After many door-to-door publicity by community workers and volunteers, Ye Yi was vaccinated under the health monitoring of doctors, and there were no adverse reactions. The next day, Uncle Yu also completed the vaccination. "Now I know that the previous concerns are redundant."

　　On December 12th, in Guanggang New Town, Liwan District, Guangzhou, elderly residents got off the convenient vaccination vehicle after receiving COVID-19 vaccine. Xinhua News Agency reporter Deng Hua photo

　　The reporter found in many places that the enthusiasm of the elderly for vaccination has improved significantly recently, but some elderly people are still worried about the safety of vaccines. Many elderly people admitted to reporters that they were mainly worried that "they are old and have basic diseases, which will bring adverse reactions after vaccination".

　　"Chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are not absolute taboos for vaccination in Covid-19. As long as these chronic diseases are well controlled and in a stable period, Covid-19 vaccine can be vaccinated." Zheng Zhongwei, director of the Science and Technology Development Center of the National Health and Wellness Commission and head of the working group of the vaccine research and development special class of the the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, said.

　　According to the situation of vaccine research and development and the practice of vaccination, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council has defined the vaccination taboos of the elderly in the Work Plan for Strengthening Covid-19 Vaccination for the Elderly, including four types of situations in which vaccination cannot be carried out or postponed. At the same time, local health departments should implement the "four haves" requirement that vaccination units should have emergency personnel stationed in general hospitals with level 2 or above, emergency equipment and medicines, 120 ambulances on duty, and green channels for treatment in general hospitals with level 2 or above to ensure vaccination safety.

　　Step by step to carry out training on judging vaccination contraindications, and guide medical staff to scientifically judge vaccination contraindications; Well-known doctors from various specialties were transferred to form a vaccination consultation expert group to patiently answer various consultation questions … … Many places are refining the work of answering questions and doubts to eliminate the doubts of vaccination for the elderly to the greatest extent.

　　How convenient is it — — The "last 100 meters" is constantly getting through.

　　Every Tuesday and Saturday afternoon, it is the day when the "Medical Qingqi Team" comes to the door for vaccination in Pingguoyuan Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing. The "Medical Qingqi Team" consists of 5 to 6 street, community workers and medical staff, and is divided into two groups, each group can enter about 12 households.

　　"Conduct a health assessment first, ask the elderly whether they have basic diseases, look at past medical history, etc., and confirm whether the elderly are suitable for vaccination." Luo Yan, one of the medical staff of the "Medical Qingqi Team" and the medical department of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, said, "After the assessment, we will further communicate with our family members, and after the family members agree, they will sign an informed consent form and vaccinate."

　　Similar situations have appeared in many places recently. A special session of Covid-19 vaccination was held in Jinbi Yayuan Community, Baiyun District, Guangzhou. 63-year-old Ms. Liu suffers from rheumatoid arthritis. The medical staff inquired about her physical indicators in detail. After assessing that she met the vaccination requirements, she was instructed to take the third shot of vaccine.

　　On December 10th, He Lingling (left), a nurse from Fangmiao Street Community Health Service Center, vaccinated the elderly in the community with COVID-19 vaccine at COVID-19 vaccination site in Yaohai District, Hefei. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Chenshe

　　Li Zizhen, director of the immunization room of the Community Health Service Center of Dongcheng Sub-district Office in jieshou city, Anhui Province, told the reporter that twenty or thirty elderly people have come to get Covid-19 vaccine every day recently, and the telephone number for consultation is also from morning till night. A mobile door-to-door vaccination service team was set up in the local area, equipped with first-aid equipment and medicines, and came to the door at any time.

　　Set up green channels for the elderly, temporary inoculation points and mobile inoculation vehicles; Medical staff with rich experience in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination are selected to form vaccination teams, carrying common equipment and medicines needed during post-vaccination observation, and providing home vaccination services for disabled and semi-disabled elderly people … … Many places are optimizing various convenience measures as required, and getting through the "last 100 meters" for the elderly.

　　For the country’s 267 million elderly people over the age of 60, every 1 percentage point increase in vaccination rate means that more than 2 million people have built a barrier against serious illness and death. "The Spring Festival is coming, and now vaccination usually takes half a month to be effective, which is of great benefit to prevent large-scale spread when people go home and a large number of people migrate during the Spring Festival in Spring Festival travel rush." Zhong Nanshan said.

　　On October 27th, 2016, the inaugural meeting of Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society was held in Shanghai Automobile Exhibition Center. The conference was presided over by Ning Xiaoyang, senior consultant of China Auto Parts Industry Company and chairman of China Auto Parts Electronic and Electrical Development Center. More than 100 experts and scholars from more than 50 auto and electrical industries and related industries, including Yan Jianlai, deputy secretary general of China Automotive Engineering Society, Chen Kangren, executive director of China Auto Parts Industry Company, Zhang Hongye, general manager, Yin Xiaoping, deputy general manager and Min Xinhe, deputy general manager, attended the conference.

　　The meeting announced the approval of the establishment of the Electrical Technology Branch of the China Automotive Engineering Society, and announced the list of branch organizations as follows:

　　Chairman: Min Xinhe

　　Vice-chairmen (in no particular order): Wang Laisheng, Tang Manru, Wang Xin, Wang Shunxing, Xiao Yang, Jiang Mingquan, Fang Xingya and Qin Hong.

　　Secretary General: Zhang Guofeng　　　　　　　

　　Deputy Secretaries-General (in no particular order): Li Yinglie, An Yan and Jason.

　　Members (in no particular order): Wang Yinghui, Yu Xiangyang, Wang Yadong, Liu Weihua, Meng Xianglin, Li Putian, Tian Wangxing, Mao Ming, Zhang Huixiu, Wang Guodong, Ni Junquan, Zhang Xianjun, An Dongxia, Li Deguo, Qian Jiandong and Wang Zhijian.

　　At the meeting, Yan Jianlai, deputy secretary-general of China Automotive Engineering Society, pointed out that the Electrical Technology Branch should adhere to the concept of serving its members and the industry, formulate the Work Regulations of the Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society as soon as possible, and strictly supervise funds and organize activities.

　　Zhang Hongye, general manager of China Auto Parts Industry Company, said that the establishment of the Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society will further establish the communication mechanism between the industry and the government, industry and industry, and industry and society. At the same time, it will give full play to the advantages of the platform of the Society and play a role as a bridge and link in carrying out academic exchanges, standards and norms, the combination of Industry-University-Research’s use, the establishment of technological innovation system, and the promotion of new technologies, so as to better promote the better and faster development of enterprises in China’s automotive and electrical industries.

　　Min Xinhe, chairman of the Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society, said that the Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society is a non-profit social group that promotes the development of automotive electrical disciplines, creates an atmosphere of independent innovation, builds a platform, recommends talents, and unites and condenses scientific and technological workers in the automotive electrical industry through academic exchanges, academic evaluations and academic standardization activities; It is an organization that works under the leadership of China Automotive Engineering Society and the guidance of relevant government departments; It is the bridge and link between the party and the government to contact the scientific and technological personnel in the automotive electrical industry; Is an assistant to the government’s industry management.

　　According to Min Xinhe, chairman of the Electrical Technology Branch of the China Automotive Engineering Society, "after the establishment of the branch, we will actively strive to do the following:

　　(1) Consciously accept the leadership and management of China Automotive Engineering Society, and strengthen the communication between the government and the industry. In accordance with the purpose of the branch, actively develop members, expand their professional fields and professional fields, promote exchanges and cooperation among automobile and electrical enterprises, enhance members’ sense of social responsibility, and continuously enhance the industrial influence of the electrical technology branch.

　　(2) Serve the members wholeheartedly, serve the industry, promptly publicize the policies and regulations of the Party and the government on industrial development, provide legal advice and various scientific and technological information services, actively reflect the reasonable opinions, demands and suggestions of members to the government and relevant departments, earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of members, and make the branch truly become a warm home for members.

　　(3) Build a technical service platform, provide services and information on R&D design, testing and certification, information dissemination, training and exchange, exhibitions and other aspects for members, establish an industry expert database, assist enterprises to overcome difficulties, organize members to carry out various academic exchange activities, and jointly promote the electrical industry to become bigger and stronger;

　　(four) to strengthen cooperation and coordinated development with various technical organizations in the electrical industry, complement each other’s advantages, enhance unity and cooperation among members, promote friendly exchanges of foreign technical cooperation, and bring value to members and enterprises. "

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On the afternoon of March 28th, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference to introduce the vaccination and supply guarantee in COVID-19. As of March 27th, 2021, 102.417 million doses of Covid-19 vaccine have been reported in various places.

About COVID-19 vaccine, the conference also introduced these latest news.

1. What should I do if I am not sure if I am suitable for vaccination?

If it really belongs to the vaccination taboo, it is impossible to provide vaccination services. If it is listed in the vaccination items, it is recommended to tell the vaccination doctor truthfully before vaccination. So that doctors can fully evaluate and determine whether it is suitable for vaccination.

2. How long is the vaccine protection period?

COVID-19 vaccine is a new vaccine. According to the antibody level, it will be monitored for more than six months. But we also know that antibody is not the only protective indicator, and there are other factors in the process of vaccine’s function. Therefore, we should do relevant research on the persistence of the vaccine to confirm how long its protection period is.

3. I have been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine. Do I need to be vaccinated again?

According to Zhongsheng of Sinopharm, during the whole clinical research, it is now observed that the persistence of vaccine protection is about half a year, and the persistence of neutralizing antibodies is also about half a year. In the clinical process of the overall design, the booster needle was designed to observe the persistence and protection level of antibodies. At present, the preliminary results show that booster needle can effectively improve the titer of neutralizing antibodies, effectively improve the persistence of antibodies, and also effectively improve the anti-mutation ability of vaccines.

In the future, phase III clinical research will be carried out overseas to continuously observe the persistence of antibodies and protection. Is it necessary to carry out booster vaccination? When will you call? Still have to answer according to the results of the next three clinical studies.

4. What is the preventive effect of COVID-19 vaccine?

The vaccine itself can prevent infection, morbidity, severe illness and death. Now, the effectiveness result we get is the result of our clinical experiment. With the application of the vaccine, we will also carry out related research on its protective effect after marketing.

5. How to ensure the supply of vaccines in COVID-19?

On the one hand, actively and steadily expand the vaccination service capacity, optimize the vaccine distribution process, and improve the efficiency of circulation and operation. To scientifically arrange the turnover quantity of vaccines, the requirement is not to overstock the inventory, and to increase the number of inoculation points and inoculation stations in various ways to meet the vaccination needs of the masses. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the linkage between departments and coordinate the industrial and information departments to strengthen the supply guarantee of vaccines.

6. After the first injection, how long is the best time to inject the second injection?

After the first dose of vaccination, the interval between the second dose of vaccination should be greater than or equal to three weeks, and the second dose of vaccination should be completed as soon as possible within 8 weeks after the first dose of vaccine.

7. If you catch up with a business trip or go out, can you get a second shot in a different place?

According to the guidelines, it is recommended to use the varieties of the same enterprise as much as possible to complete two doses of vaccination. If the same variety is not available in different places, then other vaccine products of the same kind can be replaced to complete two doses of vaccination.

Effective period

8. If I miss the second dose of vaccination for some reason, how can I make it up?

For those who have not completed 2 or 3 doses of COVID-19 vaccine according to the procedure, it is suggested to replant as soon as possible. There is no need to restart the immunization program, just replant and complete the corresponding dose.

9. Some vaccine developers have been vaccinated in February and March last year. What are the antibodies in these people?

Some people, as the vanguard of vaccines, have been vaccinated with inactivated vaccines in COVID-19. We are constantly monitoring the change data of antibodies in their bodies. At present, we have obtained the antibody monitoring data for 9 months. Judging from the current data, the antibodies in 9 months still have a certain level. We will continue to strengthen monitoring in the future.

10. Will foreign virus variation affect the effectiveness of existing vaccines?

Vaccine research and development units and production units pay great attention to dealing with the variation problem. Two inactivated vaccines of Sinopharm Group China Bio, using the serum after the second and third clinical trials at home and abroad, have carried out cross-comprehensive experiments on the strains found in South Africa and Britain, as well as more than 10 strains found in different regions and epidemic areas in China. The results show that neutralizing antibodies produced by the two inactivated vaccines have a good neutralizing effect on these strains. Small variation of the virus will not affect the antigenicity of the vaccine, that is, the vaccine will be effective without variation of protective antigen, especially the whole virus inactivated vaccine.

11. How to advance the national plan for vaccination of the elderly?

At present, Beijing, Shanghai and other regions have been vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine for some elderly people over 60 years old and patients with chronic diseases who are willing to be vaccinated and in good physical condition under the premise of fully evaluating the health status and infection risk of the vaccinated objects. In the next step, we will actively and steadily promote the vaccination of people over 60 years old and patients with chronic diseases in combination with the use effect of vaccines in large-scale populations.

12. When will people under the age of 18 be vaccinated?

Last year, the phase I/II clinical research conducted by China Bio in Henan covered the systematic, safe and immunogenic clinical research of the young age group of 3-17 years old. At present, the safety data of this age group have been completely obtained, and the expected results have been achieved. The detection of immunogenicity and neutralizing antibodies has also been completed. We will communicate with the Food and Drug Administration in the near future, and I believe that this group of people can be covered in the near future.

(Source: Henan CDC)

Original title: "12 questions about COVID-19 vaccine, look at the answer"

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　　CCTV News:At present, the flu season has entered, and the level of flu activity has been on the rise recently. However, everyone has some misunderstandings about the flu. Let’s sort it out.

　　Myth 1: This year’s flu is more serious than in previous years.

　　Every winter and spring is the high incidence of influenza. According to the monitoring data released by China CDC, the overall activity level of influenza in China is lower than that in the same period of last year, and will show a downward trend from the end of this month.

　　Song Tie, Deputy Director of Guangdong CDC.: "It is mainly influenza A (H1N1) virus. There are many outbreaks in primary schools this year, but at present, with the school holidays, this outbreak will gradually decrease."

　　Myth 2: This year’s influenza virus variants are easy to cause complications.

　　In the past two days, many parents have been fidgeting because of the news that "the flu virus turned to attack children’s brains this year". Does this year’s influenza virus mutate, and is it easy to cause complications? China CDC said that at present, no variation of influenza virus has been found in various places.

　　Whether you will get complications after suffering from the flu depends on the patient’s own resistance and the power of the virus. Generally speaking, influenza may cause pneumonia, myocarditis, or central nervous system diseases including encephalitis. This is not a new situation this year, so there is no need for excessive panic. However, these five groups of people should pay special attention. They are more likely to get flu complications than ordinary people and belong to high-risk groups.

　　1. Children under 5 years old

　　2. Older people over 65 years old

　　3. Patients with chronic diseases and immune diseases

　　4. Obese people

　　5. Pregnant women

　　Myth 3: Strong people don’t have to be afraid of the flu.

　　Doctors said that people who are strong and have strong resistance should not think that their chances of getting the flu are low, so they don’t pay attention to rest and prevention, so that the virus also has the opportunity to take advantage of it, such as fatigue, hunger, or soaking clothes after sweating a lot. Among influenza complications, the incidence of myocarditis is higher in healthy young adults. This is because these people are more immune, and when they are invaded by the virus, their own defense system will also damage myocardial cells while removing the virus.

　　Myth 4: Influenza is treated as a common cold.

　　The doctor said that the symptoms of the common cold are mild, and most of them are respiratory symptoms such as sore throat, cough and stuffy nose, while the flu is accompanied by high fever above 38℃, chills, dizziness and headache, muscle aches, etc., and it is highly contagious. Once you have cold symptoms, you should go to the hospital for examination and diagnosis, and prescribe the right medicine. At present, antiviral drugs for influenza are prescription drugs, which must be taken under the guidance of a doctor. Antibiotics have no effect on influenza.

　　Myth 5: relying on "remedies" such as vinegar fumigation to prevent influenza

　　In order to prevent the flu, some people smoke vinegar at home. The doctor said that acetic acid can only kill bacteria when it reaches a certain concentration. Moreover, the flu virus is not a bacterium, and it cannot be killed by acetic acid at all. Blind vinegar fumigation will also aggravate the condition of patients with bronchitis and emphysema.

　　Others rely on oral vitamin C to prevent influenza. Doctors say that taking enough fruits and vegetables has the same effect as oral vitamin C, which can improve immunity, but it has no antiviral effect. According to the method of drinking Radix Isatidis and other traditional Chinese medicines to prevent influenza, the doctor said that Radix Isatidis is cool and not beneficial to all patients.

　　Yang Shuyu, President of Xiamen Medical Association, Fujian: "When a cold is prevalent, it is very important to pay attention to improving your immunity, instead of blindly taking drugs, which will affect and damage your immunity."