Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on July 28th local time that Israel and the United States successfully completed the live-fire interception test of the Arrow -3 anti-missile system in Alaska. Photo courtesy of vision china

　　On July 29, local time, US President Trump wrote on Twitter without warning: "Please remember that Iran has never won the war, but it has never lost in the negotiations." Although Trump didn’t explain what he meant, according to Wayne White, a former senior director of Middle East affairs at the the State Council Intelligence Research Bureau and now a policy expert at the Middle East Policy Research Committee, Trump probably didn’t expect to push himself into a "dead end" after one year when he announced his withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Action Plan (namely, JCPOA(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) for short) with a stroke of a pen a year ago.

　　Us-Iran negotiations or multilateral consultations

　　Although the United States is still threatening a "substantial" increase in sanctions against Iran recently, in fact, Trump is likely to have to face the embarrassment that the "extreme pressure" strategy has failed in Iran.

　　In May 2018, after Trump unilaterally announced that the United States had withdrawn from the Iranian nuclear deal, he had hoped to force Iran to return to the negotiating table through a series of "extreme pressure" measures such as economic, diplomatic and military measures, especially one-on-one direct negotiations with the United States on nuclear and ballistic missile programs. So far, however, Iran has rejected this proposal. The latest evidence is that US Secretary of State Pompeo’s request to visit Iraq was rejected.

　　On July 25th, Pompeo said that he was willing to go to Teheran to have a direct dialogue with the Iranian people and explain to them the reasons behind the US sanctions against Iran. Pompeo said that the goal of the United States is to try its best to stabilize the situation in the Middle East, so it will put pressure on Teheran to make changes. He said: "We want the Iranian leadership to make behavioral changes so that the Iranian people can get what they deserve."

　　However, Pompeo’s "kindness" was immediately rejected by Iranian officials on the grounds that "the United States does not want to negotiate at all, and they have no intention of dialogue". Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Mousavi said on the 29th that Iran recently offered to "strengthen international verification of Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of sanctions by the United States", but this practical proposal was rejected by the United States, which shows that the United States simply does not want to engage in dialogue.

　　On July 18th, Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif said during his visit to the United States to attend the United Nations meeting that if the United States lifted the sanctions against Iran, Iran could immediately start to revise an additional protocol, so that the IAEA could check Iran’s nuclear program more deeply, instead of waiting until 2023 (according to the Joint Comprehensive Action Plan reached between Iran and the six countries on the Iranian nuclear issue in July 2015, Iran had to revise the additional protocol eight years after the agreement came into effect). However, the United States quickly rejected the Iranian proposal. Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Mousavi said on the 29th: "If the United States really wants to talk, we can ratify this additional protocol this year instead of waiting until 2023. But as we expected, the United States rejected this proposal because the United States did not want to engage in dialogue at all. "

　　In stark contrast to the deadlock in the US-Iran dialogue, the Iranian government is actively embracing multilateralism to counter the unilateral isolation policy of the United States. On July 28th, Iran and five the Iranian nuclear deal countries (Russia, China, Britain, France and Germany) held an emergency meeting in Vienna. Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Aglac said that the atmosphere of the talks was "constructive". Although all problems have not been solved, all parties have made many commitments. Eshaq Jahangiri, Iran’s first vice president, also made it clear on July 29th that Iran’s foreign policy is to "resist American hegemonism and safeguard multilateralism". He said that if the Iranian nuclear deal’s other signatories fulfilled their obligations under the agreement, it would be reversible for Iran to reduce its commitment to the Iranian nuclear deal.

　　Although the Trump administration keeps putting pressure on the three European countries to join the sanctions camp against Iraq; Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization has also announced on 28th that it will rebuild the heavy water reactor in Arak in response to the "default" action of the United States, but the the Iranian nuclear deal five countries have still made it clear that they will continue to support the Iranian nuclear deal and hope to solve the current Iranian issue under the framework of the Iranian nuclear deal.

　　In this regard, Wayne White, a policy expert of the Middle East Policy Research Council of the United States, analyzed: "The escalating tension has left the Trump administration with few options. In addition to isolating itself, it is likely to push Trump to the military confrontation he is most unwilling to face."

　　Iran, the United States and Israel successively tested new weapons to increase the risk of confrontation.

　　Bolton, the national security adviser of the US President, confirmed on July 29th that the United States and Israel have successfully jointly tested the new anti-missile system, which undoubtedly aggravated the concerns of the outside world that the confrontation between the United States and Iraq will further move towards military confrontation.

　　Bolton wrote on Twitter on July 29: "The long-term cooperation between the United States and Israel in missile defense has made great progress. This successful test is not only a milestone in the national security of the two countries, but also contributes to the security of the Middle East. " He also attached a Jerusalem Post article to his tweet about the 10-day interceptor missile test conducted by the United States and Israel in Alaska.

　　On July 28th, Israeli Prime Minister and Defense Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that Israel and the US military had successfully conducted the interception test of the "Arrow -3" anti-missile system in Alaska, and the interceptor successfully intercepted a ballistic missile target outside the atmosphere, which verified the interception capability of the system outside the atmosphere. Netanyahu said that the success of the experiment "exceeded people’s imagination, and from the perspective of China’s security, this is a major achievement." Jon Hill, deputy director of the US Missile Defense Agency, also said: "This success in Alaska has made people full of confidence in Israel’s ability to deal with threats in the region’s development in the future."

　　The "Arrow -3" anti-missile system was jointly designed by the United States and Israel to deal with various potential threats, from Palestinian-armed homemade rockets to Iranian ballistic missiles, but the time when the United States and Israel tested this anti-missile system was interesting. Because just before Israel tested the new anti-missile system, Iran had just tested a medium-range ballistic missile with a range that could cover Israel. According to Pentagon officials on July 26th, Iran test-fired the Meteor 3 missile with a range of 1,000 kilometers on the evening of 24th, in order to improve the missile’s range and the accuracy of hitting targets, which is extremely threatening to the Middle East, Europe and even the United States. The Iranian military later confirmed the news, but insisted that Iran’s missile force is "absolutely defensive, in order to deal with potential aggression, not targeting any country, and does not need permission from any country."

　　In the eyes of many experts on international issues, Israel has played a vital role in the confrontation between the United States and Iran since last year, which is quite intended to add fuel to the flames and stir up military confrontation, while Iran’s tough stance on the United States and Israel has not changed, which has almost become the new normal of interaction between the United States, Iraq and Israel. Wayne White, a policy expert of the US Middle East Policy Research Council, said: "As the 2020 general election approaches, Trump will be more and more eager to fulfill his promise to the Jewish consortium in the 2016 general election: completely end the Iranian nuclear deal, so as to strive for this group. Continue to support him in next year’s general election."

　　In White’s view, Trump only cares about his own votes. "He doesn’t understand Iran. Those infamous advisers in his government, including Bolton, are still delusional about destroying the Iranian regime through extreme pressure." White analyzed, "Although ordinary people in Iran also complain about inflation and material shortage, the hostile challenges of the United States and Israel are often more likely to intensify their (religious) nationalism, and the cohesion of the foreign enemies is also increasingly enhanced."

　　"multilateral collective security concept" hedges against force "escort alliance"

　　In addition to diplomatic and military risks, Trump now has to face the possibility that his "Persian Gulf (force) escort alliance" will be replaced by the concept of multilateral collective security.

　　Vladimir Safronkov, Russian Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations, revealed on July 29th that Russia has submitted the Concept of Collective Security in Persian Gulf Region to the United Nations to prevent the rising risk of armed conflict in Persian Gulf waters.

　　In this concept, the Russian Foreign Ministry proposed that countries outside the Persian Gulf region should give up permanently stationing troops in the region, establish demilitarized zones, set up hotlines and exchange information on weapons procurement and armed forces, but proposed to establish a security organization composed of Russia, the United States, China, India, the European Union and other relevant countries.

　　Russia’s proposal of this security concept at this time is obviously to hedge the idea of "Persian Gulf escort alliance" thrown by the US earlier. In the past two months, the issue of safe passage in the Strait of Hormuz has become the most acute point of confrontation between the United States and Iran. The United States has proposed to form an "armed escort alliance" in the Persian Gulf, headed by the US military, with the Gulf countries as the main members and regional military allies as the supplement. Iranian military and political leaders have repeatedly threatened that Iran has the ability to blockade the Strait of Hormuz, but it is unwilling to do so because this sea route is of great significance to the country. How to resolve this risk, Russia seized the strategic opportunity and put forward the idea of multilateral collective security.

　　Of course, Russia is not without selfishness. In the report "Concept of Collective Security in the Persian Gulf Region", Russia explicitly demanded that "the troops of foreign countries leave the Persian Gulf region and respect the territorial sovereignty integrity of the Persian Gulf countries", which was obviously tailor-made for the United States. The United States has stationed a large number of military forces in the Middle East all the year round, and treated the countries in the Middle East differently. It is even more common to use the contradictions between different countries to provoke conflicts, pull sides and reap profits. Therefore, Russia’s concept of collective security at this time is quite intended to win over the countries in the Middle East, which coincides with Russia’s strategic intention to continue to seize the influence of the United States in the Middle East in recent years.

　　According to the Voice of China report, nuclear energy is clean energy and plays an important role in environmental protection and economic development. At present, China has 35 nuclear power units in operation with 33.65 million kilowatts, and 21 nuclear power units under construction with 23.9 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world in the scale of construction. However, the proportion of nuclear power in China’s total power generation is still low, accounting for only about 3%, far below the global average of 11%. International institutions predict that by 2050, the global nuclear power generation will double on the existing basis, and the proportion of power generation will reach 17% of the world’s total power generation. This also means that China’s nuclear energy development must be accelerated.

　　The power of nuclear energy is also frightening. There are Chernobyl far away and Fukushima in Japan recently. Can nuclear energy construction ensure safety? How will we outline a beautiful blueprint for development? Wang Yiren, deputy director of the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and deputy director of the National Atomic Energy Agency, gave a detailed answer to this question.

　　Question: Can a similar disaster like the Fukushima nuclear accident be avoided?

　　Recently, the maximum radiation value in the containment of Unit 2 of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan reached 650 Sv per hour, and people will die if exposed to this radiation for several tens of seconds, which once again caused public concern. Wang Yiren explained that, in fact, this is the sequela of the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan in 2011. The Fukushima nuclear accident is the result of the superposition of extreme natural disasters and improper human handling. If the relevant measures in Japan were put in place after the tsunami and earthquake at that time, this situation can be avoided today. "Improper handling, the power-off reactor is constantly emitting residual heat, and if it is not cooled, it will definitely be damaged. If the emergency is handled properly, the emergency diesel engine should be dispatched immediately to restore power supply. In addition, it is at the seaside and can be cooled by seawater. But he didn’t. He didn’t dare to use seawater for cooling. He thought the reactor would be used in the future. In fact, it has been running for 40 years. When it is time to retire, he is still reluctant to retire, which is’ Tokyo Electric Power’. "

　　In addition, nuclear power technology is the third generation, and its safety performance has been greatly improved. Once a nuclear accident occurs, it will be closed in the factory and in the reactor, which also puts a safety lock on the development of nuclear energy. According to the plan, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP will be reduced by 18%, and emissions of major pollutants including sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will be reduced by 10% to 15%. Wang Yiren said that nuclear energy is one of the best ways to achieve this goal. "Because nuclear power is a low-carbon energy source, it basically does not emit carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and basically does not emit harmful gases, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. At the same time, it is a base load energy, which can generate electricity stably. Solar energy and wind energy are clean energy sources, but they are available for a while, so it is difficult to get online, and they are not available for a while, so they cannot operate stably. Including hydropower, there is this problem. There is too little water in the dry season to provide electricity stably. "

　　Second question: Is it necessary to build a nuclear fuel industrial park?

　　During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, China’s nuclear power operation and installed capacity under construction will reach the goal of 88 million kilowatts. This must first make the nuclear power plant with power generation capacity more efficient. Previously, because China’s nuclear power plants were built near the southeast coast. The construction of nuclear fuel capacity is mainly distributed in the west, far from the concentration of nuclear power plants, and the layout is scattered. To put it simply, raw materials are too far away from power plants. Wang Yiren said that in order to solve these problems, it is necessary to build a nuclear fuel industrial park in coastal areas where nuclear power plants are relatively concentrated, and build a one-stop nuclear fuel component production and supply base. After the mass incident in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, the project of Jiangmen Industrial Park was once terminated. However, after the incident, China National Nuclear Corporation and China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation restarted the site selection work. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China National Nuclear Corporation will cooperate with China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation to build a nuclear fuel industrial park, so as to realize the diversification of investors. We will follow the pace of nuclear power development, grasp the rhythm, and steadily promote the construction of nuclear fuel industrial park. The site selection of nuclear fuel industrial park should comprehensively consider economic, technical and social factors to ensure the construction of a fuel industrial park with advanced technology and international competitiveness. After uranium resources are imported from overseas, they enter the fuel park after entering the dock, and begin to purify, transform, re-enrich uranium, manufacture components, and provide them to nearby nuclear power plants. "

　　Three questions: Why build inland nuclear power plants?

　　At present, inland sites that have already carried out preliminary work for nuclear power plants include taohuajiang, Hunan, Xianning, Hubei and Pengze, Jiangxi. Wang Yiren emphasized that at present, more than 400 nuclear power plants in the world, most of which are built in the mainland where the impact of tsunami and typhoon can be basically ignored, and a few are in the coastal areas, meet the safety requirements, and the same is true in the mainland. "Nuclear power plants built in the coastal areas are safe, but they are not safe in the mainland, and there is no such problem."

　　Why did China first build nuclear power plants along the coast and then consider inland? Wang Yiren analyzed that in the past, the demand for electricity in the southeast coast was stronger, so nuclear power plants took the lead in supporting the southeast coast. However, with the acceleration of inland economic development, the energy demand in inland areas is also increasing, and the impact of nuclear power on the environment is less than that of thermal power. "Inland areas like Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi are also short of energy. My hometown, Hunan, also lacks primary energy, so its electricity is now sent there at high voltage. As soon as we catch up with the freezing season, the high-voltage line can’t be delivered if something goes wrong. It also pulls coal from the outside to generate electricity. It may be a good choice if nuclear power is developed. "

　　Some people worry that the construction of nuclear power plants inland needs to be cooled by Yangtze River water. Wang Yiren said that this concept is wrong again. Although coastal nuclear power plants are cooled by circulating seawater, it is different in inland areas. Water towers are used. "When you go to the power plant, there is a big water tower. Its water is recycled internally. It is not discharged to the Yangtze River at all, and it will not pump water from the Yangtze River endlessly."

　　Wang Yiren revealed that if it goes well, construction of inland nuclear power plants will start during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period.

　　Question 4: What is a floating nuclear power plant at sea?

　　During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, China will also develop offshore floating nuclear power plants, also known as offshore nuclear power floating platforms. Wang Yiren explained: It is actually to build a nuclear power plant on a ship, and it is special because it is floating. The construction of offshore floating nuclear power plants is of great significance to promote the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources and the development of nuclear power technology of surface ships in China. "Now, the energy for offshore resource exploitation is basically with diesel engines and diesel oil to generate electricity. Because it is impossible to pull electricity from the mainland, this is very troublesome and not good for the marine environment. So if floating nuclear power plants can be used at sea, this problem can be solved. In addition, like the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands, there are people living, producing and living on the islands. What about their electricity consumption? Now take diesel power generation from the mainland. These problems can also be solved if the offshore nuclear power platform can be used. In addition, in the future, we will develop the Arctic, and it is very convenient to take many routes to the Arctic. "

　　At present, authoritative experts in the industry and relevant units have been organized to conduct several rounds of argumentation, and the scheme of using mature technology to build offshore floating nuclear power plants has been determined.

　　Question 5: China’s spent fuel treatment technology is 20 years worse than India’s? What is the progress of China’s nuclear industry going global?

　　Spent fuel, also known as irradiated nuclear fuel, is irradiated and used nuclear fuel, usually produced by nuclear reactors of nuclear power plants. The uranium content of this fuel is reduced, so it can’t continue to maintain the nuclear reaction, so it is called spent fuel. Spent fuel contains a lot of radioactive elements, so if it is not properly treated, it will seriously affect the environment and the health of people who come into contact with them. The disposal of spent fuel is the back end of nuclear energy utilization, which is also one of the last links in the nuclear industry chain. Wang Yiren introduced that China has determined the technical route that the closed cycle of nuclear fuel and the development of nuclear energy must develop post-treatment. "We are now taking post-treatment of spent fuel, cutting it into sections by chemical methods and extraction methods, and soaking it in the solution to extract it. Put something useful out, dry it into powder after it is put out, and then make it into components. "

　　Wang Yiren said that people still do not master the technology of large-scale nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Therefore, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, key technologies of post-processing will be tackled. It is understood that in terms of post-processing capacity, we will take three steps. At present, we have built 60 tons of post-processing capacity, the second step is to build 200 tons of industrial capacity, and the third step is to build a large-scale commercial post-processing capacity, which is 800 tons. "Before we fully master the post-processing technology, we will cooperate with France to build an 800-ton post-processing plant to solve our problem of spent fuel post-processing."

　　Previously, some people thought that China’s spent fuel treatment technology was worse than India’s for nearly 20 years. Wang Yiren responded that this statement is inaccurate. It will take about five years at most to catch up with India and 10 to 15 years to catch up with the international advanced level. "Because it takes more than ten years to build an 800-ton reprocessing plant. Now the highest level of post-processing is France. To catch up with France, we must first build an 800-ton factory and run it stably in order to prove that we can catch up with France. "

　　A complete industrial chain of nuclear industry has been established, and the pace of nuclear power going abroad will be further accelerated. Now, countries including Britain, South Africa and Argentina have extended an olive branch of cooperation to China’s nuclear power products. Wang Yiren introduced: "One is Hualong No.1, the other is CAP1400, and the other is high temperature gas cooled reactor. Because the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is now at the leading level in the world, if it is connected to the grid in 2018, it will be the first high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in the world to be officially put into commercial operation, just like a nuclear power plant. So now this is a few brands that are more interested abroad and steadily push the nuclear brand created by China to the world. " (Reporter Zhang Mianmian)

　 　 　 　Cctv news Recently, the group standard of Microbiology (amplicon Sequencing) (standard number: T/CHCIA0012-2023), which was jointly drafted by Shandong Freda Biological Co., Ltd., Shanghai Universities of Applied Sciences, Air Force Characteristic Medical Center and Ou Shiman Holding Group Co., Ltd., was officially released and implemented after the national group standard information platform was publicized without objection.

　　This standard is the first group standard issued and implemented in the field of skin micro-ecological cosmetics evaluation in China, which provides an important standard basis and theoretical support for guiding and standardizing the efficacy evaluation of skin micro-ecological cosmetics.

　　As the main drafting unit of the group standard, under the guidance of China Daily Chemical Industry Association, Freda Bio-Co., Ltd. carried the banner of group standard research in the field of skin microecology and took the lead in organizing the whole process from proposal, project establishment, investigation, drafting, soliciting opinions, meeting review to final promulgation and implementation. After several rounds of discussion, review, revision and improvement by the expert group, the standard was officially released on March 13, 2023 and implemented on April 15, 2023. Twenty-nine members of the Standardization Technical Committee of China Daily Chemical Industry Association and experts in the industry participated in the standard audit, and a total of 22 review comments were collected, all of which have been adopted and jointly promoted the standard landing.

　　In the field of skin microecology research, Freda Bio-Co., Ltd. has established the first skin care platform of skin microecology science in China and obtained many research results on skin microecology. In the future, based on the research results, the company will continue to introduce guidelines for skin microecological evaluation of cosmetics in different dimensions, which will provide scientific basis and guidance for the development and evaluation of skin microecological cosmetics in the industry and quickly promote the development of skin microecological scientific skin care in China.

　　In recent years, the popularity of micro-ecological skin care has continued to rise, and more and more studies have confirmed that skin micro-ecology is closely related to skin health. International and domestic cosmetics have introduced "microecological skin care" products by adding prebiotics, metazoans and other ingredients, and the research on the correlation between skin microecology and skin efficacy continues. Aiming at the claims of improving microecological balance, it is widely recognized to evaluate the efficacy of microecological products by testing the changes of microbial flora before and after using the products, but this testing method lacks clear and unified standards in crowd selection, testing methods and statistical analysis of data.

　　The implementation of the group standard "Guidelines for the Evaluation of Cosmetic Skin Microecology (amplicon Sequencing)" will provide an important standard basis and support for the efficacy evaluation and standardization of cosmetic skin microecology. The establishment of this group standard will fill the blank of the lack of guiding principles in the evaluation of skin microecology cosmetics in China, guide cosmetics researchers to adopt reasonable evaluation methods to evaluate the efficacy of skin microecology cosmetics, and make the skin microecology evaluation and corresponding efficacy publicity well-founded.