According to Zhonggong Auto Network, on April 13th, Weilai’s first batch of third-generation power stations were put into operation in 10 cities including Haikou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Shanghai, Wuxi, Hefei, Zhengzhou, Qingdao, Beijing and Harbin, which once again triggered a heated discussion in the industry.

"With the (vigorous) development of electric vehicle industry, more and more people will enter this industry. You don’t have to worry about where to charge and where to change electricity in the future. As long as the car is easy to drive and the car is easy to use, the infrastructure will definitely keep up. " Shen Fei, senior vice president of Weilai Energy, told reporters.

So, what exactly is a power station change? What companies are involved in the field of power station replacement? What does it have to do with battery recycling?

development prospect

Break through the bottleneck of new energy vehicle development

With the continuous growth of the new energy vehicle market, improving the energy supply system has become the focus of the whole industry. In 2022, the total output of new energy vehicles in China reached 7.219 million, up 97.5% year-on-year, and the cumulative penetration rate reached 26.3%. From the perspective of construction speed, the increase of charging infrastructure in 2022 was 2.593 million units, of which the increase of public charging piles increased by 91.6% year-on-year, and the increase of private charging piles with vehicles continued to rise.

The rapid expansion of the new energy vehicle market means that both automobile manufacturers and end consumers have put forward greater demand for charging piles. The interests come first, and major companies want to break their heads to solve the "difficult charging".

Policies are favorable for popularization and application.

At the beginning of the 21st century, attempts have been made at home and abroad to exchange electricity for new energy vehicles, but they have not been widely promoted due to the policy environment, technical level, cost factors and market scale.

Since 2019, the sales growth rate of new energy vehicles in China has slowed down sharply, and the manufacturing cost is difficult to digest due to the substantial withdrawal of subsidies. The sales price of the whole vehicle is still high. At the same time, due to the inefficiency of charging infrastructure, the lack of self-owned parking spaces and the difficulty in expanding the power grid, the construction of charging piles is less than expected. In this context, the separation of vehicle and electricity has begun to attract attention. As a new way to replenish energy for new energy vehicles, the power exchange mode has been strongly supported by national policies.

Market situation

Industrial chain dismantling

Specifically, the battery replacement mode is to replace the battery of a new energy vehicle to meet the endurance needs of the owner, and it is a mode of separating the vehicle from the battery to replenish energy. In the market, new energy vehicle power exchange can be divided into passenger car power exchange and commercial truck power exchange, among which chassis power exchange and box power exchange are mainly used in passenger car market, and side power exchange is mainly used in commercial truck market.

The upstream of the power exchange industry chain consists of battery suppliers, power exchange station basic components suppliers and supporting charging system suppliers, which are respectively responsible for providing power batteries and power exchange station equipment corresponding to the application scope.

The middle reaches are mainly for the construction and operators of power exchange stations, responsible for the construction and operation of power exchange stations and providing power exchange services to the market. The battery asset company will be established from this, and will form cooperation with power battery enterprises and financial leasing companies to reduce the financial pressure.

The downstream is composed of power exchange service users and power battery recyclers.

The number of power exchange stations has increased rapidly.

From 2019 to 2022, the number of power stations in China continued to grow. In 2022, the number of power stations increased to 1973, an increase of 52% over the previous year. At present, China’s power exchange stations are concentrated in East China, accounting for 37.4%, followed by North China, accounting for 20.73%. This is mainly because the power exchange technology is still in the stage of technology research and development and upgrading, and there is a lot of demand for talents and technology.

According to the latest data, in March 2023, Beijing ranked first with 292 seats, while Guangdong Province and Zhejiang Province ranked second and third with 258 seats and 237 seats.

Analysis of market competition pattern

From the point of view of power exchange brand, in March, 1344 of Weilai became the leading operator of power exchange station, ranking third with Aodong and Hangzhou Botan. In 2021, Weilai built 789 power stations, more than three times as many as in 2020, 402 in Aodong and 107 in Hangzhou Botan. The three companies together accounted for 92.3%.

Top ten companies

NIO Power

NIO Power is a mobile Internet-based power-on solution launched by Weilai, with a wide network of charging facilities. Relying on Weilai cloud technology, it has built a "rechargeable, replaceable and upgradeable" energy service system to provide car owners with full-scene power-on services. In 2018, the battery rental model was introduced earlier in the industry, and it has a widely distributed network of charging and replacing facilities.

Aodong Aulton

Since 2000, Aodong New Energy has been focusing on the research and development of power exchange technology and the commercial operation of power exchange station network, with nearly 3,000 global patented technologies for power exchange, forming a closed loop of power exchange business such as research and development of core technologies for power exchange, commercial operation of power exchange station, urban distributed energy storage and battery life cycle management. Before 2021, Aodong New Energy was the operator with the largest number of power stations in China, and there were 286 power stations operated by Aodong in 2020. However, in recent two years, Weilai attached great importance to the research and development of power exchange technology and the construction layout of power exchange stations, and the number of power exchange stations in operation increased rapidly.

Botan technology

The builder of the commercial ecology and technical system of "separation of vehicles and electricity and battery replacement in different boxes" has realized the compatibility of battery replacement for all electric vehicles through the self-developed "standard box power battery" and "battery replacement in different boxes", and the power battery is highly utilized and recycled. "Vehicle-electricity separation and box-to-box electricity exchange" is the electricity exchange ecology with practical application at present.

Easy to recall energy

Geely Group’s brand of power-changing operation focuses on comprehensive energy-replenishing services for charging and replacing power, and at the same time provides services such as battery life cycle management and big data for smart transportation and smart energy.

Langu wisdom energy

BAIC Group, a national high-tech enterprise engaged in the business of power exchange and step utilization of power batteries, is also an enterprise that obtained the qualification of step utilization of power batteries earlier in Beijing. It has key technologies such as intelligent power exchange, energy integration, battery evaluation and cascade utilization.

Xiexin diangang

GCL’s mobile energy brand, with vehicles as the energy carrier and batteries as the core resources, builds an ecological closed loop of green electricity, port stations, vehicles, batteries and energy storage, jointly develops new energy vehicles in customized operation fields, integrates transportation resources, and provides electric vehicle charging service, battery life cycle management, charging and replacing power stations and commercial operation of mobile digital energy platforms.

STATEGRID state grid

Founded in 2002, it is a wholly state-owned company directly managed by the central government established according to the Company Law. Large-scale central enterprises, whose core business is to invest in the construction and operation of power grids, are mainly engaged in power transmission and power supply business, and their business sectors include energy Internet technology, information communication and e-commerce, comprehensive energy services, support and security services, etc.

Qiyuanxin power

State Power Investment Corporation, a comprehensive smart energy service provider focusing on the field of green electricity transportation, is a leading large-scale power exchange service brand in China, and has mastered the core power exchange patent technology. It has fully deployed over 100 heavy truck charging and replacing power stations in 31 provinces and cities across the country, adapting to more than 200 heavy trucks on the market.

EVOGO

In January, 2022, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited officially released a brand-new brand EVOGO for power exchange, and at the same time, it also provided a combined overall solution for power exchange. The three products of "power exchange block, quick exchange station and APP" were used to solve the problems of power exchange and battery leasing. It is endowed with three characteristics: multi-vehicle with one power supply, on-demand electricity rental and rechargeable and exchangeable, so as to provide users with convenient and reliable mobile power solutions and services.

Jie neng zhi Dian

A joint venture invested by China Petrochemical, China Petroleum, SAIC, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited and Shanghai International Automobile City Group, which focuses on power battery leasing business. Jieneng Zhidian will carry out R&D and promotion of power exchange technology, battery operation management, big data services and other businesses, promote the construction of a complete ecosystem of vehicle and electricity separation, and build a standardized platform.

Battery asset management

Transformation of asset management model

Battery enterprises participate in the battery asset management business established under BaaS mode and are responsible for the daily operation and management of battery packs. Take Weilai as an example. In 2020, Weineng Asset Management Co., Ltd. was established to manage battery packs. The shareholders are Weilai Automobile, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Hubei Ketou and Guotai Junan International.

Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, as a leading battery enterprise, participates in the last battery supplement under the business model. When Weilai Automobile sells cars, the battery packs will be directly sold to the battery asset management company, and consumers will buy new energy vehicles with separate cars and electricity. In the process of changing electricity, consumers will change power stations through Weilai, but the actual process is to rent battery packs from the battery asset management company.

The ownership of the new energy frame (excluding battery) belongs to the user, and the ownership of the power battery is transferred to the battery asset company. Users only need to pay the battery rental fee, without worrying about the depreciation caused by battery depreciation, and the "separation of vehicle and electricity" model has gradually matured.

Battery recovery depends on power exchange construction

Batteries belong to individuals, and because power batteries are non-standardized products, recycling is hindered. However, once the power exchange mode is open, these problems seem to be solved. After the separation of vehicles and electricity, the batteries no longer belong to individuals, and the subsequent recycling can naturally be completely in the hands of the power station, which can fundamentally curb the chaos of scrap batteries flowing into the black market and change the status quo that the regular army loses to small workshops.

In addition, car companies lead and implement the power exchange model to break the "gap" between car companies and recycling companies. Generally speaking, most car companies are reluctant to open their data to recycling companies, which makes it difficult for recycling companies to obtain information about batteries. However, if the recycling party and the car company are the same, the problem will be solved very well.

Future forecast

According to the market forecast, assuming that private cars and construction machinery change power once a day on average, and operating vehicles and commercial vehicles change power twice a day, by 2025, the demand for power stations for passenger cars will exceed 11,000, the demand for power stations for commercial vehicles will exceed 8,000, and the demand for power stations for construction machinery will exceed 700, with a total market space of 62.6 billion yuan.

Generally speaking, the essence of power exchange mode is to tap the whole life cycle value of power battery and realize the redistribution of interests of enterprises and consumers. Promoting power exchange mode can realize multi-party benefits.

While affirming that Guangdong Province attaches great importance to the high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry, the audit findings also point out that many pharmaceutical consumables distribution enterprises have increased intermediate sales links and raised the price of medical equipment, medical personnel have long accepted the benefits from pharmaceutical companies, and medical institutions have illegally purchased or used medical equipment.

Reporter | Qu Yixian

Source | vision china

On August 8th, an investigation report on special audit of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Audit Office (draft for comments) obtained by Economic Observer Network showed that three pharmaceutical manufacturers in Guangdong Province had used 4.077 billion yuan for public relations and other purposes, pushing up the ex-factory price of drugs.

In addition, while affirming that Guangdong Province attaches great importance to the high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry, the audit findings also point out that many pharmaceutical consumables distribution enterprises have increased intermediate sales links and raised the price of medical equipment, medical personnel have long accepted the benefits from pharmaceutical companies, and medical institutions have illegally purchased or used medical equipment.

From the end of May to July, 2023, the audit team sent by the National Audit Office conducted a special audit investigation on the production, distribution and use of drugs and high-value medical consumables in Guangdong Province (excluding Shenzhen, the same below), focusing on the relevant administrative departments of drug supervision, medical security and health care in Guangdong Province, public hospitals, primary medical and health service institutions and other medical institutions, and the production and distribution enterprises of drugs and consumables.

People close to the Guangdong Health Care System told Economic Observer that the Guangdong Health Care System was indeed being audited some time ago and just ended. "This audit is very strict."

The above audit investigation report was signed by "Guangdong Provincial Special Audit Investigation Team on the Production, Distribution and Use of Drugs and High-value Medical Consumables", which was forwarded by the Guangdong Provincial Health and Health Commission Office to Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Foshan, Heyuan, Dongguan, Zhongshan Health Bureau (Commission), Provincial People’s Hospital, Provincial Second People’s Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Cancer Prevention Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Stomatological Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University.

The staff of the above-mentioned hospital confirmed to the Economic Observer that the investigation report forwarded by the Guangdong Provincial Health and Health Commission was true. The doctor of another hospital told Economic Observer that the hospital level issued several anti-corruption announcements.

Drug production enterprises collect funds for public relations.

Audit spot checks found that from 2021 to May 2023, three pharmaceutical manufacturers in Guangdong paid fees to 1,936 third-party business promotion companies, and withdrew 4.077 billion yuan in the name of service fees, which increased the comprehensive cost of drugs and pushed up the ex-factory price.

These three enterprises are Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Guangdong Yifang Company"), Guangzhou Poinsettia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Guangzhou Poinsettia Company") and Livzon Group.

Among them, the Guangdong company paid 2.39 billion yuan to 966 business promotion companies in the name of "technical service fee", which was used for the pharmacy construction cost and labor cost of cooperative hospitals.

Guangzhou Poinsettia Company collected 1.675 billion yuan by registering conference service companies in batches, and assigned a third-party company to register and set up 962 conference service companies at the same address in the form of "cluster registration". The third-party company further decomposed the funds according to the requirements of Guangzhou Poinsettia Company and transferred them to specific personnel accounts to pay the public relations expenses of hospitals in various regions.

Livzon Group set up a consulting company through its employees to collect funds of 12.4001 million yuan, and the funds were transferred to the personal accounts of relevant employees for drug public relations.

In addition to pharmaceutical manufacturers, the audit investigation team also found that pharmaceutical consumables distribution enterprises increased intermediate sales links and pushed up the circulation price of medical equipment. The enterprises involved include Kangchao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Sinopharm Equipment (Dongguan) Co., Ltd., and the products involved include Cao Qinghua Yixin Chushi Zhitong Capsule and other high-value medical consumables such as spinal internal fixators.

It is worth noting that there are also public hospitals that increase procurement intermediate links to make profits to subordinate enterprises. For example, from 2020 to May 2023, the Cancer Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University appointed Guangdong Guanhua Medical Service Company, a subsidiary of the trade union, to supply medical consumables for it, and Guangdong Guanhua Medical Service Company made a profit of 7,488,200 yuan, with an average price increase rate of 6.6%.

Medical personnel have long accepted the benefits delivered by pharmaceutical companies.

Audit investigation shows that domestic authoritative medical experts have long accepted exclusive service arrangements of foreign-funded pharmaceutical enterprises. Kehui Medical Devices International Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Kehui Company") is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, which mainly sells Covidien brand medical devices, and has long sponsored academic exchange activities organized by medical and pharmaceutical associations at all levels in China, and requires domestic distributors to pay accommodation, transportation, air tickets and other expenses for participating doctors and experts according to 2% of annual sales.

The audit spot check found that in 2022, Foshan Tailing Trading Co., Ltd., the brand distributor, paid 15.8117 million yuan for transportation, accommodation, catering and other expenses for medical experts and related personnel through nine travel agencies according to the instructions of Kehui Company, of which only one travel agency provided special follow-up, special car transfer and gifts for 272 authoritative experts in the medical field in China (including 63 in Guangdong Province) in seven meetings.

In addition, 4,782 medical staff illegally accepted the benefits delivered by foreign-funded pharmaceutical companies in the name of conference registration fees, involving pharmaceutical companies such as Bayer Healthcare Co., Ltd.

In addition, four medical experts from public hospitals received a targeted donation of 2.37 million yuan from pharmaceutical companies through the foundation of Guangdong Medical Association, involving five pharmaceutical companies including Beihai Kangcheng (Shanghai) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Medical institutions illegally purchase or use medical devices.

The audit investigation found that medical institutions illegally purchase or use medical devices, which has hidden hidden dangers of life and health and financial security.

The audit spot check found that three medical institutions, including Zengcheng Branch of Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University (hereinafter referred to as Zengcheng Branch of Southern Hospital), had problems such as determining the winning bidder in advance and purchasing large-scale medical equipment at a high price, involving funds of 73.0828 million yuan (including equipment price increase of 30.209 million yuan).

For example, in 2020, the then president of Zengcheng Branch of Southern Hospital organized the head of the department to conduct a feasibility study on purchasing X-ray computed tomography scanner, and determined the equipment of American GE Company quoted by Guangzhou Tangyun Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. In June 2021, the enterprise actually controlled by the company won the bid with the same brand and model equipment, with the winning bid amount of 29.49 million yuan, the purchase price of which was 14.287 million yuan, and the difference reached 15.2 million yuan.

In addition, the audit survey found that from 2018 to May 2023, a total of 491 medical institutions in Guangdong Province entrusted Guoyi Tendering Co., Ltd. to carry out bidding for more than 10,000 large-scale medical equipment or consumables procurement projects, with a total project amount of 22.386 billion yuan. Among them, only 3 companies participated in the bidding for nearly 9,000 projects.

Zengcheng Branch of Southern Hospital illegally purchased a proton radiotherapy system equipment without the permission of National Health Commission Class A large-scale medical equipment configuration, and paid 50% of the purchase price of 120 million yuan from the special government debt before the main components were shipped.

In terms of illegal use of medical devices, two medical institutions, including Zhongshan People’s Hospital, repeatedly used 2409 disposable ultrasonic blades, involving 15,100 person-times, involving medical insurance fund of 7,730,600 yuan. The Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University applied the "ultrasonic osteotome" used in the operation to the charging item of "additional ultrasonic scalpel", and illegally charged 67.2031 million yuan for medical treatment and 5.7011 million yuan for medical insurance fund.

The audit investigation also found that Guangdong Medical Association received 52,056,200 yuan from 329 pharmaceutical companies to designate doctors to promote their products. Guangdong Medical Association fraudulently distributed lecture fees and preparation fees of 169,600 yuan to medical experts in violation of regulations.

It is worth noting that the audit survey results also pointed out that Guangdong Province attaches great importance to the high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry, actively promotes comprehensive reforms in the pharmaceutical field, and continuously optimizes the business environment of pharmaceutical enterprises, achieving good results. In view of the problems found in the above audit investigation, the audit investigation team also gave a number of suggestions.

On August 8, Economic Observer Network called the investor relations department of Livzon Group several times, but it was not connected. Ask Bayer China for an interview and get no reply; The relevant person in charge of Beihai Kangcheng responded that his company had not received a notice to cooperate with the investigation, and it was not clear about the specific situation.

Original title: Medical Corruption in an Audit Investigation Report

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Frontier science issues

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Engineering problems

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Question 2: Why has the integrated design of horizontal take-off and landing combined power vehicles become the new focus of aerospace technology?

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　　农业有害生物入侵不仅仅是简单的植物病虫害或动物疫情问题，入侵生物的发生流行不仅危害食品安全和农业生产，造成巨大的直接经济损失，还可能对人类健康构成越来越大甚至是灾难性的威胁，对外交、经济和社会产生巨大影响。因此，站在国际化、全球化视角，从科学研究和专业技术层面，开展农业入侵生物跨境传播预警及防减技术合作的协同攻关，将有力解决入侵生物疫情的源头治理和联防联控关键技术难题，保障社会稳定与公共安全。

●问题4：信息化条件下国家关键基础设施如何防范重大电磁威胁？

　　强电磁脉冲一旦对金融、能源、电力等领域的关键信息基础设施产生影响，将可能导致交通中断、金融紊乱、电力瘫痪等重大事故。开展此项研究，对确保关键基础设施电磁安全、保护经济建设成果、提升关键基础设施容灾抗毁能力具有重要意义。

●问题5：硅光技术能否促成光电子和微电子的融合？

　　信息光电子芯片已然成为“数字化新基建”的核心和基石，也是全球信息通信价值链的关键领域和网络强国建设的“国之重器”。硅基光电子芯片技术既可应用于芯片级光互连，又适用于长距离光纤通信，可实现全功能光电子集成，具有极高的通用性和兼容性，是微电子和光电子两大产业公认的发展方向。利用国内现有微电子产业资源和互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）制造平台，建立健全硅光产业链，可以有效提升我国信息光电子的制造能力，缓解光电子芯片制造工艺的“卡脖子”困境，为我国信息化新基建提供有力支撑。

Question 6: How to solve the problem of on-line defect detection in integrated circuit manufacturing process?

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Question 7: How can unmanned vehicles achieve high-precision intelligent navigation under conditions where satellites are not available?

　　Special unmanned vehicles represented by unmanned rescue vehicles, unmanned mining vehicles, and unmanned transport vehicles are the core unmanned equipment for completing modern operations, emergency rescue and disaster relief. In order to improve the emergency rescue and joint operation capabilities of unmanned vehicles, its navigation system is required to have functions such as high-precision positioning, autonomous obstacle avoidance, intelligent path planning and guidance. Therefore, it is necessary to study high-precision and fully autonomous navigation methods and to solve the problem of inertia-based intelligent navigation for unmanned vehicles.

● Question 8: How to achieve the unity of "large-scale", "low energy consumption" and "high stability" in the large-scale production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water from renewable energy sources?

　　The development of high-efficiency and low-cost renewable energy and hydrogen energy technologies is a timely response to the country’s major needs, and it is also a high-quality solution for reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change globally. However, the current level of development of hydrogen electrolysis technology limits the conversion efficiency and industrialization process of renewable energy into chemical energy. Breakthrough in high-efficiency, low-cost, and large-scale hydrogen electrolysis technology can greatly promote the utilization and development of renewable energy and hydrogen energy.

Question 9: How to break through the intelligent construction and engineering health protection technology of the expressway into Tibet?

　　The lithology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is complex and changeable, the neotectonic movement is intense, the deep and large active faults are widely distributed, the glaciers, permafrost and mountain disaster groups (chains) are developed, and there are "significant terrain height difference", "strong plate activity", "frequent mountain disasters", "sensitive permafrost environment" four geological environmental characteristics, as well as "high frequency freeze-thaw cycle", "severe wet and dry alternation" and "extreme cold and hypoxia" three climatic and environmental characteristics. The series of engineering and technical problems brought about by this are the key technical factors restricting the development of high-speed transportation in Tibet.

[Keywords:] national emergency management system; Major risks; National governance capacity

[Chinese Library Classification Number ]D63 [Document Identification Code ]A

　　Preventing and resolving major risks is an important part of the three major battles, and it is the political responsibility of party committees and governments at all levels and leading cadres. The COVID-19 epidemic is a sudden major risk, a big test of China’s national governance system and governance capacity, and a test of the ability of party committees and governments at all levels and leading cadres to prevent and resolve major risks. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to improve the national emergency management system and improve the ability to deal with urgent and dangerous tasks in view of the shortcomings and shortcomings exposed in the response to this epidemic. Party committees and governments at all levels and leading cadres must deeply understand the severe and complicated risk situation in China, give full play to the remarkable advantages of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system, further improve the national emergency management system, and do a good job in preventing and resolving major risks.

　　First, a deep understanding of China’s severe and complex risk situation

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is an important principle for our party to manage the country by coordinating development and security, enhancing the sense of hardship and being prepared for danger in times of peace. Only by strengthening risk awareness, constantly observing the general trend and thinking about the overall situation, scientifically predicting the development trend of the situation and hiding the risk challenges, and taking precautions can we enhance the initiative to prevent and resolve major risks.

　　To prevent and resolve major risks, we must first correctly grasp the situation and scientifically understand risks. Great changes have taken place in China’s current domestic and international environment, and the risk situation it faces has also changed greatly, showing three characteristics: various risks are complex and diverse, chain linkage and extreme risks are more prominent.

　　(A) various risks are complex and diverse

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and today’s opening-up and development environment is generally more favorable than ever, and at the same time, it faces unprecedented contradictions and risks. In October 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "In the next five years, it may be a period when risks in all aspects of China’s development are constantly accumulating and even concentrated. The major risks we face include domestic economic, political, ideological and social risks and risks from nature, as well as international economic, political and military risks. If there is a major risk and you can’t help it, national security may face a major threat, and the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way may be forced to be interrupted. " [1] The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also emphasized: "We should guard against all kinds of risks more consciously and resolutely overcome all difficulties and challenges in political, economic, cultural, social and other fields and in nature."

　　Risk is an important feature of modern society. At present, China is faced with the dual pressures of safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests externally and maintaining political security and social stability internally, and various foreseeable and unpredictable risk factors have obviously increased. The risks we face are varied, including natural risks, economic risks and technological risks, as well as health risks, social risks and political risks, including both local risks that occur in China and imported risks that are affected by other countries (regions).

　　(B) Risk linkage

　　Today’s society is an open giant system, and various risks often do not appear in isolation. It is likely that you have me and I have you, which are intertwined and form a risk complex. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Various sources and points of contradictory risk challenges are intertwined and interact with each other. If we fail to take precautions and respond effectively, it will be transmitted, superimposed, evolved and upgraded, so that small contradiction risk challenges will develop into large contradiction risk challenges, local contradiction risk challenges will develop into systematic contradiction risk challenges, international contradiction risk challenges will evolve into domestic contradiction risk challenges, and contradictions in economic, social, cultural and ecological fields will turn into political contradiction risk challenges, which will ultimately endanger the party’s ruling position and national security. " [2]

　　With China’s reform entering the deep-water area, economic development has entered a new normal, various contradictions are superimposed, and potential risks are concentrated, which is easy to form systematic risks and produce "ripple effect" and "domino effect". Therefore, we should strictly prevent all kinds of security risks from gathering and converging to form a risk complex, and keep the bottom line that systematic risks do not occur. At the same time, in the era of economic globalization, the security of all countries is interrelated and affects each other; No country can seek its own absolute security on its own, and no country can reap stability from the turmoil of other countries. Therefore, we should co-ordinate the two major domestic and international situations and develop two major safety issues, focusing on the key points and taking the overall situation into consideration, so as to effectively prevent all kinds of risk chain linkage.

　　(3) Extreme risks are more prominent.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed, "In the face of the complicated international situation, complex and sensitive surrounding environment, and arduous and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability, we must always be on high alert, not only for the’ black swan’ incident, but also for the’ grey rhinoceros’ incident; It is necessary to have the first hand to prevent risks, but also to have a clever way to deal with and resolve risk challenges; We must not only fight a prepared battle to prevent and resist risks, but also fight a strategic initiative to turn danger into danger. " [3]

　　To guard against extreme risks, we must keep the bottom line, and we must never make subversive mistakes on fundamental issues. Once they appear, they will be irreparable and irreparable. Under the new situation, the major risks faced by China’s national security and social stability have obviously increased, and the impact of various "black swan" incidents and "gray rhinoceros" incidents has obviously increased. Therefore, preventing and resolving major risks is very important for winning the Chinese dream of building a well-off society in an all-round way, winning the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We should prevent and control all kinds of risks, but we should focus on preventing and controlling the overall risks that may delay or interrupt the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Second, give full play to the remarkable advantages of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that to win the tough battle to prevent and resolve major risks, we must uphold and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and use the power of the system to deal with the impact of risk challenges. [4] Socialism with Chinese characteristics system has obvious institutional advantages. Facts have proved that the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system can overcome all kinds of risk challenges at home and abroad, and constantly improve and develop in this process. Standing at a new historical starting point, to effectively cope with the increasingly complex and severe risk challenges, we must give full play to China’s powerful institutional advantages and better transform China’s institutional advantages into the effectiveness of preventing and resolving major risks.

　　(1) Adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. The Decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee pointed out that one of the remarkable advantages of China’s state system and state governance system is to "adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, adhere to the Party’s scientific theory, maintain political stability, and ensure that the country always advances along the socialist direction". In "On Upholding the Party’s Leadership over All Work", the Supreme Leader General Secretary profoundly pointed out: "A prominent feature of the superiority of China’s socialist political system is the core role of the party in taking the overall situation and coordinating all parties, which is vividly called’ the stars hold the moon’, and this’ moon’ is the Communist Party of China (CPC)." He also pointed out that "the national governance system is a complex system composed of many subsystems, and the core of this system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)".

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the strong leading core of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause. Through a strong top-down organizational network, it has a very strong organizational mobilization ability, which can ensure that "one pole is inserted in the end" and quickly convey the central decision-making and deployment to the most basic level. The core role of the party’s leadership is the key for us to overcome the risk challenge and win victory continuously. To prevent and resolve major risks, we must give full play to the advantages of centralized and unified leadership of the party, integrate the strength and resources of all parties, and form a powerful "fist." To this end, it is necessary to further improve the system of the Party’s leadership that takes the overall situation into consideration and coordinates all parties, improve the organizational network composed of party member cadres at all levels and grass-roots party organizations, and implement the Party’s leadership in all fields, aspects and links to prevent and resolve major risks.

　　The response to the COVID-19 epidemic fully reflects the great significance of China’s adherence to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party. After the outbreak, the CPC Central Committee attached great importance to it, and the Supreme Leader General Secretary personally commanded and deployed it. The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) held several meetings to conduct special studies, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China specially issued the Notice on Strengthening the Party’s Leadership and Providing Strong Political Guarantee for Winning the Prevention and Control of the Epidemic. Under the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the central leading group for responding to the epidemic timely studied and deployed the work, the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council strengthened policy coordination and material deployment, and all localities and departments actively performed their duties and responsibilities. The people of all ethnic groups throughout the country were United and United, and they gathered into a strong joint force to respond to the epidemic.

　　(2) Adhere to a national chess game.

　　Adhering to a national chess game, mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties and concentrating on major events are the obvious advantages of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and a powerful guarantee for winning the tough battle to prevent and resolve major risks. Preventing and resolving major risks has the characteristics of urgency, difficulty and danger, large amount of tasks, and wide coverage. It is often necessary to coordinate across departments, levels, regions and fields, and proceed from the overall situation of the country and pay close attention to all work. By establishing and perfecting the system of the Party’s leadership that takes the overall situation into consideration and coordinates all parties, we have formed a national mobilization system with strong political and organizational advantages, and truly achieved "one party in need is supported by all parties".

　　The prevention and control of major epidemics is a systematic project, and all work should provide support for winning this severe struggle. Only by adhering to a national chess game, making overall plans and coordinating linkage can we win the overall war of epidemic prevention and control. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "Party committees and governments at all levels must resolutely obey the unified command, coordination and dispatch of the CPC Central Committee" [5], stressed that "all localities and departments must enhance their overall awareness and concept" [6] and demanded that "all work should provide support for winning the epidemic prevention and control war" [7]. Under the unified leadership and command of the CPC Central Committee, all localities and departments perform their duties, coordinate and coordinate, act urgently and fight with all their strength. We take the strength of the whole country, collect high-quality resources, "one province covers one city", and establish an inter-provincial counterpart support mechanism for medical treatment in COVID-19, a city in Hubei Province except Wuhan; Medical personnel were dispatched all over the country to quickly assemble and help Wuhan; Builders fought day and night to quickly build Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital; The army efficiently delivered epidemic prevention and control materials, and selected medical staff to participate in medical treatment; Enterprises work overtime to produce, and the epidemic prevention and control materials are uniformly dispatched nationwide. As Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization, commented, "The speed and scale of China’s actions are rare in the world."

　　(C) adhere to give full play to the two enthusiasm

　　Dealing with the relationship between the central and local governments is a very important issue for a big Congress Party like ours. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out in "On Ten Major Relationships": "Our country is so big, its population is so large, and its situation is so complicated. It is much better to have the initiative of the central and local governments than to have only one initiative." "On the premise of consolidating the unified leadership of the central government, we should expand the power of local governments, give them more independence and let them do more things." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee: "Correctly handle the relationship between the central and local governments, the overall and local, the current and long-term relations, and correctly treat the adjustment of interest pattern". At the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, it was further emphasized: "Give full play to the enthusiasm of the central and local authorities, and build a unified, smooth and dynamic working system of institutions at all levels from the central to the local authorities". The Decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee pointed out that we should improve and give full play to the positive institutional mechanisms of the central and local governments, straighten out the relationship between the central and local powers and responsibilities, strengthen the management of central macro-affairs, give local governments more autonomy, support local creative work, and build a working system with clear powers and responsibilities, smooth operation and full of vitality from central to local governments.

　　In response to the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, all localities and departments have set up leading bodies and emergency command bodies, mobilized various forces to do a good job in joint prevention and control, and built an iron wall of "putting people’s life safety and health first". All localities and departments should do a good job of overall planning in their work, considering not only the needs of epidemic prevention and control in this area, but also the impact on key areas and national prevention and control. In particular, the CPC Central Committee sent a steering group to Hubei and other areas with serious epidemics to promote relevant localities to effectively strengthen the front-line work of prevention and control. The Central Steering Group, headed by Sun Chunlan, Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China, arrived in Wuhan, the "eye of the storm" of the epidemic at the first time during the Spring Festival, supervised Hubei to put all measures in place, assisted Hubei to solve major issues such as materials, medical personnel, technical support, and the problems of inspectors’ inaction, chaos, and lack of responsibility, which played an important guiding and coordinating role in the first-line epidemic prevention and control work.

　　(4) Adhere to group prevention and control.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to adhere to the mass viewpoint and mass line and expand effective ways for the people to participate in public security governance. The broad masses of the people are not only the main body of our protection, but also the key force we must rely on to prevent and resolve major risks. Practice has proved that group prevention and control is not only a concrete manifestation of the remarkable advantages of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, but also a key measure for us to win the battle to prevent and resolve major risks. We should not only play the leading role of grass-roots party organizations in politics and the vanguard and exemplary role of party member, but also mobilize, organize and unite the masses extensively, and build a people’s defense line to prevent and resolve major risks.

　　After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, under the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, we gave full play to the advantages of the Party’s close ties with the masses, relied on the masses to win the war of prevention and control of the epidemic, and built a strict defense line for prevention and treatment by the masses. All regions, organs of the Party, government, military groups, enterprises, institutions, villages and towns have taken urgent action, and the broad masses of the people are United and United as one. The situation of comprehensive mobilization, comprehensive deployment and comprehensive strengthening of epidemic prevention and control has been formed throughout the country, which has provided a solid social foundation and mass foundation for us to win the epidemic prevention and control war.

　　Third, further improve the national emergency management system

　　Emergency management is an important part of the country’s governance system and governance capacity. It undertakes the important responsibility of preventing and resolving major security risks, responding to and handling all kinds of disasters and accidents in a timely manner, and undertaking the important mission of protecting people’s lives and property and maintaining social stability. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that "we should give full play to the characteristics and advantages of China’s emergency management system, learn from the useful practices of foreign emergency management, and actively promote the modernization of China’s emergency management system and capacity." [8] To prevent and resolve major risks, we must further improve the national emergency management system and form a more mature and stereotyped emergency management system.

　　(A) improve the emergency management leadership system

　　The leadership system is the organizational basis of the national emergency management system. A scientific and reasonable leadership system is conducive to providing a solid organizational guarantee for emergency response. To improve the leadership system of emergency management, we should give full play to China’s political and organizational advantages and build an emergency management organization network that is linked up and down and coordinated left and right.

　　To do a good job in emergency management, we must uphold and strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the party, implement the major decision-making arrangements of the Party Central Committee on emergency management, and organize the work more effectively and efficiently. At the same time, it is necessary to build an organizational structure that combines functional and empowerment. The functional mechanism is a "column" and the empowering mechanism is a "beam". Only when they interact can the house be stronger. While giving full play to the comprehensive advantages of emergency management and the professional advantages of natural resources, meteorology, water conservancy, ecological environment, transportation, housing and urban construction, sanitation and health, public security and other relevant departments, it is necessary to give better play to the leading role of the emergency management deliberation and coordination institutions at all levels.

　　It is necessary to straighten out the relationship between the responsibilities of the central and local governments and give full play to their enthusiasm. On the one hand, it is necessary to refine the principle of "grading responsibility and giving priority to territorial management" and further strengthen the local subjective consciousness, responsibility and role in emergency response. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the responsibilities of the central government in top-level design, planning and layout, overall coordination, overall promotion, supervision and implementation, and give better play to the guiding and coordinating role.

　　(B) Optimize the operational mechanism of emergency management

　　Operational mechanism is the functional basis of national emergency management system. Standardized and orderly operation mechanism is conducive to defining the tasks and priorities of emergency management. Emergency is a life cycle process including pre-event, incident, event and post-event. Emergency response is a whole chain management process including prevention and emergency preparation, monitoring and early warning, emergency treatment and rescue, and post-event recovery and reconstruction. Emergency management should cover the whole life cycle of emergencies, so as to achieve "no urgent response" beforehand, "emergency response" during the event, and "response after the event".

　　Emergency response should not only be managed in the whole process, but also focus on the key points; Only by grasping the key points can we be targeted. The ancients said, "Prevention is the best, rescue is the second, and abstinence is the next." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We must put the prevention of risks in a prominent position, and strive to avoid major risks or to survive and get by when there are major risks." [9] Prevention is the most economical, effective and safest way to do emergency management well. Emergencies often break out in places with the weakest management and the most hidden dangers that can’t be treated, which often causes the most uninformed and unprepared people to suffer the most serious damage. It is necessary to persist in moving forward the pass, do a good job in emergency prevention in an all-round way, grasp early and small signs, control emergencies at the grassroots level, resolve them in the bud and solve them locally.

　　(3) Improve the legal norms of emergency management.

　　Legal norms are the institutional basis of the national emergency management system. "No rules, no Fiona Fang." Systematic and complete system norms are conducive to reducing the uncertainty in emergency management activities and realizing scientific and orderly response. Leading organs and cadres at all levels should adhere to the rule of law thinking and the rule of law, do a good job in emergency management on the track of the rule of law, and manage people with the system.

　　On the one hand, we must build a scientific and complete institutional system. In view of the problems in emergency management activities, such as the lack of systems or conflicts between systems, the vague areas being neglected or multi-headed, we will implement the new requirements of comprehensively governing the country according to law, and build a three-dimensional system from different levels such as laws and regulations, policy documents, technical standards and emergency plans to provide a solid institutional framework for emergency response activities. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the execution and binding force of the system. "It is not difficult to legislate, but it is difficult to enforce the law". The vitality of the system depends on its execution. In view of the phenomenon that the system norms become "scarecrow", "paper tiger" and "can’t be strictly enforced and implemented" in emergency management activities, it is necessary to improve the authoritative and efficient system implementation mechanism, strengthen the evaluation and supervision of system implementation, and make the system truly a hard constraint and a hard lever, which is effective and effective.

　　(D) to strengthen emergency management resources.

　　Resource guarantee is the logistics foundation of national emergency management system. "The soldiers and horses have not moved, and the food and grass go first." Adequate reserves of emergency resources such as manpower, material resources and financial resources are conducive to providing solid and reliable logistics support for emergency response activities. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized: "Everything should be prepared from the disadvantages, strive for the best result, be prepared for anything, not panic when things happen, and firmly grasp the initiative." In contemporary society, all kinds of uncertain and unstable factors have obviously increased. "Be prepared for danger in times of peace, be prepared for thinking, and be prepared for nothing." To ensure emergency resources, we must adapt to the needs of effectively responding to various emergencies under complex conditions and adhere to the bottom line thinking. "It is better to be prepared than useless, and to be unprepared when not available." It is necessary to build a diversified reserve system such as physical reserve, contract reserve and capacity reserve, improve the procedures for emergency requisition and cross-regional dispatching of emergency resources, and prepare resources to meet the peak demand in extreme cases, so as to "prepare, find, adjust quickly and use well".

　　Science and technology are the primary productive forces. The rise of a new round of scientific and technological revolution has brought revolutionary changes to emergency management; The timely deployment of scientific and technological equipment and the bold use of scientific and technological means have greatly improved the level of emergency response. It is necessary to give full play to the role of science and technology empowerment, strengthen the technical support of emergency management equipment and the research and development of key technologies, and rely on science and technology to do a good job in risk prevention, monitoring and early warning, supervision and law enforcement, auxiliary command and decision-making, actual rescue and social mobilization, so as to improve the scientific, intelligent and refined level of emergency management.

　　(E) to create a safety culture of emergency management

　　Safety culture is the social foundation of the national emergency management system, which reflects the safety awareness and emergency skills of the whole society. The broad masses of the people are not only the main body of our protection, but also the strength we rely on to effectively deal with emergencies. While continuing to consolidate the advantages of the national disaster relief system and give full play to the strong leadership role of party committees and governments at all levels, we should better carry out disaster prevention work for the whole people, establish a mechanism for social forces and market forces to participate in emergency management in an orderly manner, improve public safety awareness and emergency response capabilities, and enhance the safety and resilience of the whole society.

　　To do a good job in emergency management, we must vigorously create a social atmosphere of "everyone cares about safety, everyone values safety, and everyone participates in safety". Leading cadres of party and government organs, employees of enterprises and institutions, media reporters, volunteers and the masses are all members of society. The formation of safety culture requires everyone’s active participation and joint efforts. It is necessary to incorporate emergency management education into the assessment, evaluation, education and training system of leading cadres at all levels, into the national education and spiritual civilization construction system, promote safety publicity into enterprises, rural areas, communities, schools and families, and consolidate the social foundation of emergency management.

[References]

[1][9] Supreme Leader. Speech at the Second Plenary Session of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee (excerpt) (October 29, 2015) [J]. Qiushi, 2016(1).

[2] Supreme Leader’s Talk on Governing the Country (Volume II) [M]. Beijing: foreign languages press, 2017:222.

[3] Supreme Leader. Improve the ability of prevention and control, focus on preventing and resolving major risks, and maintain sustained and healthy economic development and overall social stability [N]. People’s Daily, January 22, 2019.

[4] Supreme Leader. Explanation on "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Upholding and Perfecting the Socialism with Chinese characteristics System to Promote the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity" [N]. People’s Daily, 2019-11-6.

[5][7] Supreme Leader. Speech at the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) Conference on the Work of Dealing with the novel coronavirus Epidemic (February 3, 2020) [J]. Qiushi, 2020(4).

[6] To study and strengthen the prevention and control of pneumonia in novel coronavirus [N]. People’s Daily, February 4, 2020.

[8] Supreme Leader. Give full play to the characteristics and advantages of China’s emergency management system and actively promote the modernization of China’s emergency management system and capacity [N]. People’s Daily, 2019-12-1.

Editor in charge: Zhang Shigui

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[Author] Li Ji, vice president of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration).

The commendation meeting of the 2016 Shanghai Key Project Practical Meritorious Competition was held this morning (January 12). Before the meeting, Han Zheng, secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, met with representatives of advanced collectives and individuals. Han Zheng said,2017 is the year of deepening the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan". It is hoped that advanced collectives and individuals will play a leading and exemplary role, always adhere to safety first, quality first, management first, science and technology leading, and make greater contributions to building Shanghai into a more beautiful city and making people’s lives happier.

On the morning of January 12th, Han Zheng, secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, met with representatives of advanced collectives and individuals. The pictures in this article are all Chen Zhengbao’s pictures.

Shanghai leaders Yang Xiong, Wu Zhiming, Ying Yong, Yin Hong, Xue Chao and Li Yiping, and Shanghai Garrison Political Commissar Ma Jiali attended the meeting.

On behalf of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal People’s Congress, the Municipal Government and the CPPCC, Han Zheng congratulated the advanced collectives and individuals who were commended for their meritorious deeds in key projects, paid tribute to the vast number of urban builders and managers who fought in the front line all the year round, and expressed gratitude to the general public who understood, cared for and supported urban construction and major projects. He said that at this time of the year, we review the course of Shanghai’s key projects’ practical meritorious deeds competition, feel the hardships and share the joy of success. Since China’s reform and opening-up, especially since Pudong’s development and opening-up, Shanghai’s key projects have been closely focused on making up the shortcomings and facing the future development, constantly pushing forward, laying a solid foundation for the city’s economic and social development. This year is the year of deepening the 13th Five-Year Plan. According to the requirements of the central authorities, Shanghai is striving to be the vanguard of national reform and opening up and the pioneer of innovation and development, and is striving to basically build the "four centers" and a socialist modern international metropolis by 2020. The field of urban construction shoulders heavy responsibilities. Hope that advanced collectives and individualsAlways adhere to safety first, quality first, safety is the bottom line, and quality is life. We must always tighten the string of safety and continue to play a benchmark and leading role in key projects and practical projects with the world’s advanced level as the standard. Always adhere to management as the priority and science and technology as the guide, put management in a more important position to ensure safety and quality, highlight scientific and technological innovation, and improve the quality of the city. Always adhere to the people-friendly and civilized construction, and try to minimize the impact on the orderly operation of the city and the normal life of the citizens during the construction process.

At the commendation meeting, Yang Xiong said that last year, the achievements of major projects and practical projects in this city were gratifying, the shortcomings of urban management were remarkable, and the task of aiding Xinjiang was successfully completed, achieving the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" and "a good start". This year is an important year for implementing the 13th Five-Year Plan and deepening the structural reform on the supply side. Facing the new situation, we should conscientiously implement the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, sum up experience, blaze new trails, roll up our sleeves and go all out to complete various construction tasks.

"Safety and quality are the lifeline of major engineering construction and must always be put in the first place." Yang Xiong pointed out that it is necessary to pay strict attention to construction safety, take effective measures, consolidate the main safety responsibilities of construction, survey, design, construction and supervision, pay close attention to key construction links, and strengthen the safety control of major risk sources. It is necessary to continuously improve the quality of the project, adhere to the international first-class benchmarking, comprehensively consider the design, construction and operation, adopt more advanced international quality standards, vigorously carry forward the craftsman spirit, and strive to create more excellent projects. To improve the level of civilized construction, the construction unit should further strengthen the overall awareness, focus on improving internal management, reduce related social costs, and minimize the impact of engineering construction on the city. The construction of rail transit stations should strive to occupy less roads and return them early. It is necessary to strengthen dust control on construction sites and roads, and urge transportation enterprises to reduce "leakage" in muck transportation. We should persist in scientific and technological innovation and promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. To become an important carrier of scientific and technological innovation, major projects should promote prefabricated buildings in major projects throughout the city, and constantly increase the proportion of prefabricated components used in each project. It is necessary to speed up the popularization of building information model technology (BIM), and establish and improve the matching project approval mode and standard system. It is necessary to make more use of new technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data to explore intelligent life cycle management of buildings.

Shanghai leaders Ying Yong and Xue Chao, and Yi Li Pinghe Garrison leader Ma Jiali attended the meeting. A number of advanced collectives and individuals who made outstanding contributions to the construction of major projects and practical projects in this city in 2016 were commended.

It is reported that in 2016, 122 major engineering projects in the city were comprehensively promoted. By the end of December of that year, a total investment of 128.01 billion yuan had been completed, and 123.6% of the plan was completed at the beginning of the year.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 18th: Four Questions about Vaccination for the Elderly — — Investigation report from the front line of epidemic prevention and control

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　90.37%, which is the proportion of people who have completed the whole vaccination of Covid-19 vaccine in China; 86.6% and 66.4%, respectively, are the proportion of people over 60 years old and over 80 years old who have completed the whole vaccination.

　　With the weakening of pathogenicity in Omicron, the popularization of vaccination and the accumulation of prevention and control experience, China’s epidemic prevention and control is facing a new situation and new task.

　　The comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council optimized the implementation of the "New Ten Articles" of epidemic prevention and control, and accelerated the Covid-19 vaccination for the elderly. The Central Economic Work Conference just held also proposed that we should optimize epidemic prevention and control measures according to the current situation, conscientiously implement various measures for epidemic prevention and control in the new stage, focus on the prevention and control of the elderly and groups suffering from basic diseases, and strive to maintain health and prevent severe diseases.

　　Why should we emphasize the necessity of vaccination for the elderly? Does vaccination work? Is vaccination safe? The reporter launched an investigation on the front line of epidemic prevention and control.

　　On December 15th, at the COVID-19 Vaccination Point in Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, medical staff vaccinated the elderly with COVID-19 vaccine. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ren Chaoshe

　　How necessary — — The defense line of the elderly group is relatively fragile.

　　Li Cuiwen, 78, lives in a remote village in the central province. Children are all in the city. On weekdays, they send rice flour oil, and the vegetables are grown in their own fields. They go to the town to catch a gathering once a month.

　　"I can’t see outsiders." Li Cuiwen and his wife have not been vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine so far. "Is everyone fighting, even if we don’t fight, we can’t infect us?"

　　Li Cuiwen is not the only one who has similar questions. In this regard, Xia Gang, director of the Department of Health and Immunity of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, said that there are quite a few disabled and semi-disabled people in China who live at home for a long time and rarely go out, but they may still be infected when they are accompanied by relatives or visited by relatives.

　　Compared with the previous strains in Covid-19, the pathogenicity of Omicron is weakening, but the infectivity is becoming stronger. The extremely fast transmission speed is multiplied by China’s huge population base. Even if the severe illness rate and mortality rate are already very low, the number of people at risk should not be underestimated.

　　During the epidemic in Shanghai from March to June this year, compared with those who were not vaccinated, the death risk of people over 60 years old who completed the booster immunization was reduced by 98.08%, and that of people over 80 years old who completed the booster immunization was reduced by 95.83%.

　　At the press conference of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held recently, Xia Gang introduced that according to the research, if the elderly over 80 years old are not vaccinated with one dose of vaccine, the risk of death after being infected with Covid-19 is about 14.7%; If one dose of vaccine is inoculated, the risk of death will be reduced to 7.16%; If three doses of vaccine are inoculated, the risk of death will be reduced to 1.5%.

　　"I strongly call for accelerating the vaccination of vaccines, especially for vulnerable people such as the elderly." Zhong Nanshan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said.

　　On December 15th, two groups of communities were prepared in Kangmei Street, Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, and the medical staff of the community health service center checked the information of the elderly who had been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　How effective is it — — Survey data show that the risk of severe illness can be greatly reduced.

　　In Chongqing, Zhang, an 84-year-old rehabilitation patient, told reporters that he suffered from many basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. He completed the third dose of vaccination in July this year and was infected with Covid-19 in November. After treatment, his condition was effectively controlled and he has been discharged.

　　On December 16th, in the home of residents in Honghe Road Community, Zhongshan Road Street, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, the mobile vaccination team conducted pre-vaccination consultation and physical examination for the vaccinated elderly. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　"Studies at home and abroad confirm that vaccination has a good effect in preventing serious illness and death." Xia Gang said that after being infected with Covid-19, the elderly are more likely to develop into severe illness or even death, and Covid-19 vaccine will benefit the most.

　　At most, beijing ditan hospital has treated more than 100 COVID-19 patients over 80 years old. Chen Xiaoyou, vice president of the hospital, said that the vaccination rate of these elderly patients is generally low, and the incidence of severe illness after illness is relatively high, especially in COVID-19, which is aggravated by basic diseases.

　　COVID-19 Designated Treatment Hospital in Hefei — — Ding Zhen, director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Hefei Binhu Hospital, told the reporter: "For some elderly people with basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, Covid-19 infection may aggravate the inflammatory reaction in the body, aggravate the condition of the basic diseases, and even lead to multiple organ failure."

　　Ding Zhen introduced that from the observation of their clinical treatment, the elderly who have been vaccinated are less likely to get worse and the time required for nucleic acid to turn negative is shorter.

　　In October, 2022, The Lancet Infectious Diseases published a research result based on the real-world vaccination population, which was released by the relevant research team of School of Public Health, Li Ka-shing Medical College, HKU. The study shows that the effective rate of preventing severe illness is about 70% for the elderly over 60 years old who are vaccinated with two injections of domestic inactivated vaccine, and the effective rate of preventing severe illness is over 95% after the third injection of intensive immunization.

　　On December 13th, in the Community Health Service Center of Baihedong Street, Liwan District, Guangzhou, medical staff made information entry and consultation for the elderly residents who came to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Xinhua News Agency reporter Deng Hua photo

　　Security geometry — — Make clear the taboo of vaccination and ensure safety to the greatest extent.

　　In the past few days, in Huanghuagang Street, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, the average number of elderly people who take the initiative to consult and make an appointment for vaccination has exceeded 300, which is significantly higher than usual.

　　Yu Shu and Ye Yi, who live in Nongben community, had concerns about vaccination because of their basic diseases. After many door-to-door publicity by community workers and volunteers, Ye Yi was vaccinated under the health monitoring of doctors, and there were no adverse reactions. The next day, Uncle Yu also completed the vaccination. "Now I know that the previous concerns are redundant."

　　On December 12th, in Guanggang New Town, Liwan District, Guangzhou, elderly residents got off the convenient vaccination vehicle after receiving COVID-19 vaccine. Xinhua News Agency reporter Deng Hua photo

　　The reporter found in many places that the enthusiasm of the elderly for vaccination has improved significantly recently, but some elderly people are still worried about the safety of vaccines. Many elderly people admitted to reporters that they were mainly worried that "they are old and have basic diseases, which will bring adverse reactions after vaccination".

　　"Chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are not absolute taboos for vaccination in Covid-19. As long as these chronic diseases are well controlled and in a stable period, Covid-19 vaccine can be vaccinated." Zheng Zhongwei, director of the Science and Technology Development Center of the National Health and Wellness Commission and head of the working group of the vaccine research and development special class of the the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, said.

　　According to the situation of vaccine research and development and the practice of vaccination, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council has defined the vaccination taboos of the elderly in the Work Plan for Strengthening Covid-19 Vaccination for the Elderly, including four types of situations in which vaccination cannot be carried out or postponed. At the same time, local health departments should implement the "four haves" requirement that vaccination units should have emergency personnel stationed in general hospitals with level 2 or above, emergency equipment and medicines, 120 ambulances on duty, and green channels for treatment in general hospitals with level 2 or above to ensure vaccination safety.

　　Step by step to carry out training on judging vaccination contraindications, and guide medical staff to scientifically judge vaccination contraindications; Well-known doctors from various specialties were transferred to form a vaccination consultation expert group to patiently answer various consultation questions … … Many places are refining the work of answering questions and doubts to eliminate the doubts of vaccination for the elderly to the greatest extent.

　　How convenient is it — — The "last 100 meters" is constantly getting through.

　　Every Tuesday and Saturday afternoon, it is the day when the "Medical Qingqi Team" comes to the door for vaccination in Pingguoyuan Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing. The "Medical Qingqi Team" consists of 5 to 6 street, community workers and medical staff, and is divided into two groups, each group can enter about 12 households.

　　"Conduct a health assessment first, ask the elderly whether they have basic diseases, look at past medical history, etc., and confirm whether the elderly are suitable for vaccination." Luo Yan, one of the medical staff of the "Medical Qingqi Team" and the medical department of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, said, "After the assessment, we will further communicate with our family members, and after the family members agree, they will sign an informed consent form and vaccinate."

　　Similar situations have appeared in many places recently. A special session of Covid-19 vaccination was held in Jinbi Yayuan Community, Baiyun District, Guangzhou. 63-year-old Ms. Liu suffers from rheumatoid arthritis. The medical staff inquired about her physical indicators in detail. After assessing that she met the vaccination requirements, she was instructed to take the third shot of vaccine.

　　On December 10th, He Lingling (left), a nurse from Fangmiao Street Community Health Service Center, vaccinated the elderly in the community with COVID-19 vaccine at COVID-19 vaccination site in Yaohai District, Hefei. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Chenshe

　　Li Zizhen, director of the immunization room of the Community Health Service Center of Dongcheng Sub-district Office in jieshou city, Anhui Province, told the reporter that twenty or thirty elderly people have come to get Covid-19 vaccine every day recently, and the telephone number for consultation is also from morning till night. A mobile door-to-door vaccination service team was set up in the local area, equipped with first-aid equipment and medicines, and came to the door at any time.

　　Set up green channels for the elderly, temporary inoculation points and mobile inoculation vehicles; Medical staff with rich experience in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination are selected to form vaccination teams, carrying common equipment and medicines needed during post-vaccination observation, and providing home vaccination services for disabled and semi-disabled elderly people … … Many places are optimizing various convenience measures as required, and getting through the "last 100 meters" for the elderly.

　　For the country’s 267 million elderly people over the age of 60, every 1 percentage point increase in vaccination rate means that more than 2 million people have built a barrier against serious illness and death. "The Spring Festival is coming, and now vaccination usually takes half a month to be effective, which is of great benefit to prevent large-scale spread when people go home and a large number of people migrate during the Spring Festival in Spring Festival travel rush." Zhong Nanshan said.

Special feature of 1905 film network On April 8, 2022, a fantasy adventure film directed by, mads mikkelsen, and starring was released in national cinemas. As the third part of the Fantastic Animals series, the film’s reputation was low and its performance was not satisfactory.

In the quick question-and-answer session, Liu Yanyan, a visiting professor, director and screenwriter of Beijing Film Academy, gave humorous answers to the host’s questions.

The Fantastic Animals series is very interesting. As a series of movies, each one has a different style. In the first part, the relaxed and interesting magical animals attracted many audiences, while in the second part, it began to become deep and difficult to understand. In the third part, The Mystery of Dumbledore began to take the popcorn route again and played the emotional card. What is the problem with such a series of films with inconsistent tonality?

The tonality of the first Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is the closest to that of the Harry Potter series, and it does not show a complete adult magic world. Although the protagonist Newt is an adult, he maintains his innocence. "Fantastic Animals: The Crime of Grindelwald" began to want to turn the series to more mature and adult topics, and to change the works of children to a wider age, so as to be more convenient for the audience to substitute. For example, Newt’s brother works in the Ministry of Magic and thinks that he should find a decent job within the system, which is a copy of real history and a re-expression of discourse expression. It can be said that the fact that the tonality of each series is different is the business plan of the creative team, but there are problems in its implementation. For example, the role of Grindelwald has changed corners, and what happened in the objective world has affected the presentation of the magical world in the film.

Originally, Grindelwald was played by, and Fantastic Animals: The Mystery of Dumbledore was changed to mads mikkelsen. Liu Yanyan said: "These two are very good, but they are not the same type of actors. Depp, an actor, belongs to him sitting on the side of the road. When you pass by, you will take a look, because you will feel that this person’s temperament is very strange and always carries an unstable factor; At first glance, Micol Sen is the kind of person who has experienced everything. He is particularly calm in his heart. He has seen everything and won’t panic. No matter what kind of business leader he is, he must be the backbone of his business. Choosing two completely different types of actors in tandem will have problems with the coherence of tonality. "

"Fantastic Animals: The Mystery of Dumbledore" encountered a storm of temporary angle change, but the temporary angle change was not the key reason for the low reputation. Many bad reviews mentioned that the film’s plot was dull and lengthy, and its logic was weak. It put too much pen and ink on Dumbledore and Grindelwald, two close friends and enemies, and gave up the control of the main plot and the much-anticipated magical animals. What "hidden rules" does this reflect in the operation of Hollywood film projects? First of all, the most fatal problem is that they don’t stick to their original intention, bow to the flow excessively, are keen on speculating the so-called CP, encroach on the normal narrative atmosphere, do nothing in the drama, and damage the quality of the product itself for marketing. The characters in the film are quietly laid very deep in the first two films, and as a result, in the third film, they suddenly become just characters from villains, which is very unconvincing because they lose the support of the dramatic structure. The film’s handling of the transition from rhythm to combination is also lacking, which does not give the audience a refreshing feeling of climax scenes, and does not have the basic ethics of transition from combination as a commercial film.

Liu Yanyan mentioned: "Like playing house, everyone took the characters to the place where the incident happened, put them there, pressed a button to do it, and there was nothing beyond expectations. This is actually the amusement park mentioned by some excellent American directors when they criticized superhero movies in recent years, saying that this is not a movie, but an entertainment project in an amusement park. When you sit in it, you know exactly how to upset you and turn you, and the next movie is still the same.

To build a brand, the core logic needs long-term development, which is just contradictory to traffic thinking. One of the important reasons for the success of the Harry Potter series is that it has not completely bowed to the flow, but has its own persistence, winning by narrative and completely portraying the characters and the world, and at the same time, telling the story with great restraint, which will not change the plot because of the audience’s hope. Many British national treasure actors appeared in Harry Potter, but they often left after a guest appearance. At the same time, the United States produced a number of classic original remakes of movies, such as percy jackson series and very famous series, and their embrace of traffic was much higher than that of Harry Potter series. From this point of view, the interesting thing about Fantastic Animals series is that it came from the early days before the flood of Hollywood superheroes, and its transformation is epochal, and it can be seen that it struggled when the traffic was rampant. Liu Yanyan thinks: "Fantastic Animals is a good research specimen for the film industry." It can be said that the birth of "Fantastic Animals" series has two eras.

At present, the planning of the series is to shoot five films, and some viewers have begun to call for a new director for the latter two films. Can a new director solve the current problem? In this regard, Liu Yanyan held a negative attitude: "I don’t think so. If the director of the next film changes and there is no change, then you will know that the problem of the film is not the director, but the producer. The producers in Hollywood are very strong. Commercial films like this series are stable in business, and the directors don’t have much right to speak. The damage to a film industry is obvious. If you really get a son of destiny and turn decadence into magic, you need a very strong game ability with the producers, and the producers must be determined to decentralize before they can turn the tide and return the film to a more comfortable direction. "

"Fantastic Animals" series films bear the romantic feelings of countless magic fans. In other words, it is a series of magical films. I hope the producers can learn this lesson and stick to themselves instead of catering to the market, which will eventually damage the film and make people who love it sad and lost. Looking forward to the series rekindling the magic of magic, so that fans can continue to unite and believe in magic together!

　　On October 27th, 2016, the inaugural meeting of Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society was held in Shanghai Automobile Exhibition Center. The conference was presided over by Ning Xiaoyang, senior consultant of China Auto Parts Industry Company and chairman of China Auto Parts Electronic and Electrical Development Center. More than 100 experts and scholars from more than 50 auto and electrical industries and related industries, including Yan Jianlai, deputy secretary general of China Automotive Engineering Society, Chen Kangren, executive director of China Auto Parts Industry Company, Zhang Hongye, general manager, Yin Xiaoping, deputy general manager and Min Xinhe, deputy general manager, attended the conference.

　　The meeting announced the approval of the establishment of the Electrical Technology Branch of the China Automotive Engineering Society, and announced the list of branch organizations as follows:

　　Chairman: Min Xinhe

　　Vice-chairmen (in no particular order): Wang Laisheng, Tang Manru, Wang Xin, Wang Shunxing, Xiao Yang, Jiang Mingquan, Fang Xingya and Qin Hong.

　　Secretary General: Zhang Guofeng　　　　　　　

　　Deputy Secretaries-General (in no particular order): Li Yinglie, An Yan and Jason.

　　Members (in no particular order): Wang Yinghui, Yu Xiangyang, Wang Yadong, Liu Weihua, Meng Xianglin, Li Putian, Tian Wangxing, Mao Ming, Zhang Huixiu, Wang Guodong, Ni Junquan, Zhang Xianjun, An Dongxia, Li Deguo, Qian Jiandong and Wang Zhijian.

　　At the meeting, Yan Jianlai, deputy secretary-general of China Automotive Engineering Society, pointed out that the Electrical Technology Branch should adhere to the concept of serving its members and the industry, formulate the Work Regulations of the Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society as soon as possible, and strictly supervise funds and organize activities.

　　Zhang Hongye, general manager of China Auto Parts Industry Company, said that the establishment of the Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society will further establish the communication mechanism between the industry and the government, industry and industry, and industry and society. At the same time, it will give full play to the advantages of the platform of the Society and play a role as a bridge and link in carrying out academic exchanges, standards and norms, the combination of Industry-University-Research’s use, the establishment of technological innovation system, and the promotion of new technologies, so as to better promote the better and faster development of enterprises in China’s automotive and electrical industries.

　　Min Xinhe, chairman of the Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society, said that the Electrical Technology Branch of China Automotive Engineering Society is a non-profit social group that promotes the development of automotive electrical disciplines, creates an atmosphere of independent innovation, builds a platform, recommends talents, and unites and condenses scientific and technological workers in the automotive electrical industry through academic exchanges, academic evaluations and academic standardization activities; It is an organization that works under the leadership of China Automotive Engineering Society and the guidance of relevant government departments; It is the bridge and link between the party and the government to contact the scientific and technological personnel in the automotive electrical industry; Is an assistant to the government’s industry management.

　　According to Min Xinhe, chairman of the Electrical Technology Branch of the China Automotive Engineering Society, "after the establishment of the branch, we will actively strive to do the following:

　　(1) Consciously accept the leadership and management of China Automotive Engineering Society, and strengthen the communication between the government and the industry. In accordance with the purpose of the branch, actively develop members, expand their professional fields and professional fields, promote exchanges and cooperation among automobile and electrical enterprises, enhance members’ sense of social responsibility, and continuously enhance the industrial influence of the electrical technology branch.

　　(2) Serve the members wholeheartedly, serve the industry, promptly publicize the policies and regulations of the Party and the government on industrial development, provide legal advice and various scientific and technological information services, actively reflect the reasonable opinions, demands and suggestions of members to the government and relevant departments, earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of members, and make the branch truly become a warm home for members.

　　(3) Build a technical service platform, provide services and information on R&D design, testing and certification, information dissemination, training and exchange, exhibitions and other aspects for members, establish an industry expert database, assist enterprises to overcome difficulties, organize members to carry out various academic exchange activities, and jointly promote the electrical industry to become bigger and stronger;

　　(four) to strengthen cooperation and coordinated development with various technical organizations in the electrical industry, complement each other’s advantages, enhance unity and cooperation among members, promote friendly exchanges of foreign technical cooperation, and bring value to members and enterprises. "

　　Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, etc.

　　In April 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Hainan and came to the "brain" of Nanfan Scientific and Research Breeding Base — — Sanya yazhouwan seed laboratory. The general secretary said: "Only by grasping the seeds of China with your own hands can you stabilize China’s rice bowl and achieve food security."

　　Nanfan, a large number of agricultural workers’ repeated migration journey. From September every year to May the following year, they come to Hainan from all over the world to take advantage of the unique tropical climate conditions here to carry out a series of scientific research activities such as crop seed breeding, hence the name "Southern Breeding".

　　At the moment, it is the season of the south. Let’s follow a rice seed to observe how it will grow from creating materials to breeding and seed production.

　　Sampling — — Sanya, Hainan

　　It took 10 years to produce a good variety.

　　Some have just been sown or seedlings, some are heading green, and some are golden to be harvested — — Walking into the Nanfan Base in Sanya, Zhongzhong Group, you can get a glimpse of rice at all growth stages.

　　"The advantage of Hainan is that there are abundant light and temperature resources, and we will sow here every one or two months." Shi Yitao, assistant of rice breeding in Zhongzhong Group, is a good way in the crop field. "Farmers will, we will;" Farmers won’t, and we understand. "

　　For a year, he guarded the experimental field like a child, and his broad face was tanned. "Water carefully every day to observe, prevent snails, birds and mice. I want every seedling to sprout and thrive. " Shi Yitao said.

　　It’s windy, rainy and sunny, which is a summary of the local climate by Nanfan people.

　　Sowing in the hot sun, sometimes, you have to hide from the rain four or five times for half a day. Whenever it rains, Shi Yitao is on tenterhooks: when the seedlings were young, he was afraid of the heavy rain and washed up the nutrient soil and washed away the seedlings; The rice is a little longer, catching up with the typhoon. The water in the field is more than 60 centimeters, leaving an ear on the water surface. It is raining against the wind and drowning again and again. "Danger is not afraid, and nothing is important to keep the seedlings."

　　In the corner of the experimental field, the iron fence was deeply embedded in the soil, and a small rice field was specially taken care of. "Specially rat-proof, afraid of gnawing materials." Shi Yitao gently pulled open the iron door and walked through a ridge, and the green and tall seedlings came into view.

　　"these are breeding materials R1607 with low cadmium gene introduced, which is already in tillering stage." Shi Yitao bowed down and took off a piece of leaf with tweezers, about 1 cm long, and carefully put it in a deep hole plate. "I hope it will be successful in one sampling."

　　From the summer of 2021 to now, this batch of materials has been planted in Hainan for three consecutive seasons, plus one season in Hainan in winter of 2020 and one season in Hubei in early 2021. It has been crossing, backcrossing and selfing for more than two years, and it has been five generations. Preliminary laboratory data show that the genetic traits of low cadmium gene have already appeared in future generations.

　　"If there is no problem with the re-inspection data, after maturity, you can select a trial plant with the best growth and the best laboratory genetic data from these 2000 strains." Shi Yitao said.

　　Just pick one plant, will it be too few?

　　"You don’t look down upon it, the seed setting rate is very high, one plant also has one or two thousand grains, and the ear of rice is half an arm long. This is also the reason why the rice variety Youyou 607 is favored by the market. "

　　"If you compare Quanyou 607 to an excellent ‘ Baby ’ Then R1607 is like an excellent ‘ Father ’ 。” Zhou Hua, director of rice testing of Zhongzhong Group, said that R1607 not only aggregated 8 rice blast resistance genes and 3 lodging resistance genes, but also aggregated 17 genes of sheath blight resistance, cold tolerance, flood tolerance, nitrogen efficiency and yield. Now, after introducing the low cadmium gene, even if rice is planted in fields with excessive cadmium content, it is low in adsorption or insensitive to cadmium.

　　How long does it take to breed a fine variety like Quanyou 607?

　　"It took 10 years from breeding to variety approval!" Zheng Ruifeng, the head of the R&D team of Quanyou 607 and the director of rice breeding of Zhongzhong Group, said that the creation of new materials is very uncertain. "There have been 52 cross combinations, and finally only R1607 was bred."

　　The R&D team will then introduce genes against bacterial blight, rice planthopper and fragrance, etc., and constantly upgrade and transform R1607 to become an all-around champion, so that the "baby" born will be better.

　　What is the most difficult thing in breeding?

　　Zheng Ruifeng replied in this way: if the varieties that show "leverage" are planted in other places for trial planting, some unexpected situations may occur, such as not resisting high temperature, low temperature, lodging, a certain disease, or a certain climate. Sensitive, "this will make all previous efforts and investments zero."

　　The early research and development is difficult, but the heart is still not hanging. Once it enters large-scale production, the strings in the heart will be tightly stretched. The bigger the promotion area, the more worried it is. "If farmers fail to harvest food, we will have trouble sleeping, and we will be relieved when we harvest it." Zheng Ruifeng said.

　　Detection — — Wuhan, Hubei

　　Breeding experts wear "gene glasses"

　　In Wuhan, Hubei Province, the genotyping laboratory of the Life Science and Technology Center of China Seed Group, the low cadmium sample sent from Sanya base, finally ushered in the key experimental link — — DNA genetic material was extracted and analyzed.

　　Zhang Xiaobo, the head of the laboratory, tapped the button, and the shaker, centrifuge and PCR instrument ran one after another. The data showed that the recovery rate of differential loci was 88.7%, and the recovery rate of whole genome reached 97.5%.

　　What do these data mean? "This shows that the low cadmium gene has indeed been stably passed on to the offspring of R1607. After the upgraded version of R1607 matures, a new trial production process can be started." Zhang Xiaobo explained.

　　"In the breeding process, the laboratory and the experimental field are closely linked." Ye Rongjian, deputy director of the Technology Platform Department of the Science and Technology Center of Zhongzhong Group, said that the genetic performance after the introduction of low cadmium gene is difficult to observe by experience. "Is cadmium adsorbed into rice seeds? The naked eye can’t see it at all."

　　"When R1607 was first created, molecular biological breeding technology was just beginning, and we took the path of traditional cross breeding combined with molecular breeding assisted selection. Nowadays, molecular marker detection and genome breeding technology have become very common, which is like wearing a pair of glasses that can see through the function of genes for breeding experts. " Zheng Ruifeng said that intelligent breeding in the future, relying on artificial intelligence, big data and biotechnology, will be more efficient and accurate.

　　Of course, the powerful function of this pair of glasses depends on the breakthrough of basic research. "The reason why the introduction of low cadmium gene has achieved results for more than two years is because the functional sequence of low cadmium gene is very clear." According to Ye Rongjian, there are about 50,000 genes predicted in rice. At present, about 4,000 genes are cloned and their functions are clear. It may take many years for a gene to know its functions, and the road ahead is still very long.

　　"The laboratory not only undertakes the task of detection and analysis, but also explores the mystery of genes." Nie Dongming, the seed administrator, pushed open the heavy security door, and a germplasm resource bank with more than 100,000 rice materials was presented. Here, at the temperature of 4 degrees Celsius, the seeds enter a dormant state and can be safely stored for 5-mdash; Ten years.

　　Zhou Hua said that the germplasm resource bank is a treasure house for creating breeding materials. At that time, Academician Yuan Longping discovered the special material of wild rice sterile plant "Wild Abortion" in Sanya, and achieved the breakthrough of hybrid rice breeding.

　　R1607′ s breakthrough in rice blast resistance is also due to the germplasm resource bank. "At that time, we were making a breakthrough in the technology against rice blast. I heard that the Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered a gene with strong resistance, but breeding experts did not have this material at hand. We went to the germplasm resource library to search and found the original material. " Zheng Ruifeng introduced that this peasant variety was used to cross and backcross with indica rice varieties, and a series of materials containing rice blast resistance genes were bred.

　　"If things in nature are lost, you may not find them when you want to use them in the future. The importance of the germplasm resource bank is now more and more deeply understood. " Zheng Ruifeng said that it is a source protection when its value is not clear and the advantages of germplasm resources are not tapped.

　　Zhou Hua introduced that China Seed Group and Yazhouwan Seed Laboratory jointly issued a list for the first-class scientific research institutes and universities in China, and Industry-University-Research jointly integrated gene resources, and there were more than 10 topics in the field of rice alone. In addition to further cooperative research on low cadmium genes, there are also cooperation in herbicide resistance and rice false smut resistance. "The goal is to make excellent rice varieties full of treasures."

　　Seed production — — Hainan dongfang

　　One mu of seed production can be used for more than 100 mu of fields.

　　"Yanmei, throw me the seedling!" "Good, then!" Fu Yanmei didn’t lift her head. A bunch of tender rice seedlings came out and flew over eight or nine women who worked hard, drawing an arc over the paddy field and accurately "delivering" it to Zeng Yabei.

　　On February 3rd, gancheng town, Dongfang City, Hainan Province, after the Spring Festival, seed production and rice transplanting have been busy for more than a week. The villagers cooperated skillfully, transplanting rice in the field, and there were bursts of laughter from time to time.

　　Such busy and cheerful scenes often appear in the process of seed production. In the whole seed production process, the most attractive thing is heading and flowering, which is also called catching powder.

　　At the end of October last year, in this field, the reporter witnessed a scene of catching powder. The sky clears up, the temperature rises, the male parent and female parent materials in the rice field bloom and spit, and pale yellow flowers are dotted with light green ears of rice swaying gently in the breeze. A 40-meter-long rope hangs in an arc on the ear of rice. The two workers each held one end and walked quickly forward in parallel. Where the rope passed, the ears of rice touched, the stamens trembled, the pollen floated to the pistil of the female parent, and suddenly a pale yellow powder fog was stirred in the field.

　　Wang Shiming, general manager of Hainan Nongle Nanfan Technology Co., Ltd. said: "Breeding is to bring a bag of seeds and carry a bag of seeds back. Seed production is different. One acre of seed production can be used for more than 100 acres of fields. "

　　There are many seed production processes, so it is necessary to plant seeds in reverse order to let parents meet this flowering period. For example, it takes 100 days for the male parent of Quanyou 607 to plant and 80 days for the female parent, so the male parent should plant 20 days in advance; After that, we constantly observe the leaf period, analyze the flowering period, and sometimes adjust it through water and fertilizer to ensure that the flowering period meets.

　　"Artificial powder driving can improve the seed setting rate of hybrid rice." Wang Shiming introduced that many years ago, there were as many as 100,000 people in Hainan from Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province. In recent years, the country has revitalized the seed industry, and Pingxiang has also introduced measures such as subsidies for large seed producers and subsidies for grain production. Encouraged by this, many Jiangxi farmers who have produced seeds in Hainan have returned to their hometowns for development.

　　"Raising seedlings, transplanting seedlings, heading and pollination, harvesting and drying seeds, selecting seeds and packaging, I can play when I am young." Wang Shiming has been following his parents to Hainan for more than 20 years. His skin is tanned and he speaks slowly. In 2022, Dongfang City, where he lives, was recognized as a national seed production county, with a million mu of fertile land in Thanksgiving Plain. "Winter seed production starts at the end of December every year, and the seeds are harvested in April and May of the following year, which is just the time for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River."

　　Affected by rising land rent and labor costs, Hainan rice seed production has been moving westward, from Sanya to Ledong Li Autonomous County, and then to Dongfang City. "The average annual land circulation per mu in the East is 1,300 yuan, but it has already exceeded 3,500 yuan in Sanya." Wang Shiming said.

　　In the middle and late September of 2022, Wen Mincao, deputy manager of the production department of Zhongzhong Agricultural Science and Technology Company, received an urgent task. When the seed production area of Quanyou 607 Hainan suddenly increased from the original six or seven thousand mu to more than 20,000 mu, his head was buzzing. Where can he find the producer and production base?

　　The Chinese company implements the order system and gives plans to manufacturers and professional teams all over the country every year. However, the farming season in the mainland has passed in winter and it is difficult to produce seeds; Although Hainan can produce seeds, it is also the winter melon and vegetable season, with less open space, high land rent and early seed delivery time. At one time, it is a bit intense to "grab the base".

　　Thanks to Wang Shiming’s contacts in many ways, Wenmin Cao took only one week to reach an intention on 6,000 mu of land and finally breathed a sigh of relief. "Seed production counties support the integration of production, processing, warehousing, packaging and logistics. With favorable policies, we have signed a cooperation framework for the integration of production and supply chain with local manufacturers, which can be produced locally, packaged locally and sent to the market, and can be stored locally if they are not sold out."

　　All the efforts are worthwhile.

　　In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, farmers who have tasted the sweetness have long been thinking about good seeds. In Shilou Village, Wudian Town, Zaoyang City, Hubei Province, Chen Bangguo, a large grain grower, called Qiu Yunze, a seed dealer in Wudian Town, after planting winter wheat.

　　"Good seeds are in demand! When we tried to plant Quanyou 607, it was Laoqiu who came to sell it, and he guaranteed it, saying that it was not good to compensate my output. As a result, two or three hundred kilograms of rice were added to an acre of land. I am happy to invite Laoqiu to eat! " Chen Bangguo said.

　　"In the early stage, we will build a model field display, and invite large households to go to the scene to observe the harvest and yield measurement, so that more farmers can see the comparative advantages of varieties. In the later stage, collect information about high-yield farmers, make posters, and organize seedling meetings from seedling stage to heading stage to expand influence. " Speaking of the promotion experience of good seeds, Wang Hanyong, deputy sales manager of Hubei Branch of China National Seed Group, talked endlessly.

　　The field of hope, season after season, the story of a fine variety will be told constantly.

　　Planning for this issue: Yin Xinyu, Wu Yan and Cheng Juxin

　　Recently, the report that "domestic down jacket sold for 7000 yuan" attracted attention. As a clothing manufacturer and trader, Meng Zhuo is puzzled by this.

　　"Some high-priced situations are marked, and there are often discounts when actually selling." Meng Zhuo opened the e-commerce platform on his mobile phone and said, "You see that some of them have a price tag of 2,000 yuan, and after the discount, it will be 129 yuan."

　　In his long-term experience, the price of conventional down jackets has not risen for many years, and even showed a downward trend in the price war of involution. The prediction of this year’s warm winter also made the down jacket not rebound obviously when the consumption recovery was not as good as expected.

　　To this end, the first financial reporter conducted an investigation and interview, and the suppliers of winter clothes told the truth: the price tag is not the actual price, and the high price is not the price increase.

　　There is no price increase for the regular basic model.

　　Pu Xiaojuan, deputy general manager of Suzhou Fannuo Textile Co., Ltd., has the same feelings as Meng Zhuo. "The cheap down jacket brand, the overall pricing this year is similar to last year." She told CBN that the sales of most brands in various time periods are discounted, and in the end, they must cater to the psychology of the market. The general actual price cannot be ridiculously high.

　　Suzhou Fannuo Textile Co., Ltd. mainly supplies fabrics for high-end down jacket brands. Pu Xiaojuan said that in terms of fabrics, the price of conventional fabrics has not risen, which is basically the same as last year. The affordable e-commerce and lightweight down jackets corresponding to these conventional fabrics sold well in previous years, but this year they only lasted for a week and ended. The total amount is not as good as in previous years, and there is naturally no motivation for price increases.

　　"The price of down jackets sold domestically is basically more than five times the actual price. Some e-commerce platforms are even cheaper. " Meng Zhuo said that in proportion, light down jackets have accounted for the majority of sales in recent years, and they are also one of the most commonly bought winter clothes by ordinary consumers. The price of this kind of clothing has never risen in the context of rising global prices.

　　Wu Dongming, the person in charge of Hengxin Weaving Co., Ltd. told CBN that the price of the basic down jacket fabric has not changed. "It basically can’t go up, even if it has gone up slightly recently, it may only make the enterprise lose a little."

　　The person in charge of Jiangsu Tianwei Textile also admitted that from the overall supply, the market demand this year is lower than expected. In terms of price, "basically, it can’t go up unless new products and old products are reduced in price."

　　Taking into account the shelf life of the market, Meng Zhuo said that for manufacturing factories, the export orders for down jackets have been delivered this winter, and overseas sales are coming to an end in November, as is the case in China. "After New Year’s Day, there are basically few people who buy them … … Needless to say, the factory for domestic sales has basically slowed down at present, mainly supplying small-scale replenishment orders.

　　That is to say, on the one hand, the tag price is not the actual price, on the other hand, the high price on the market today is only some high-end or differentiated products, which does not correspond to the "general increase" of the industry — — A large number of conventional affordable clothing and even raw materials have not seen price increases.

　　Hu Kehua, deputy director of the Social Responsibility Office of China National Textile and Apparel Council, told CBN that the overall global economy was tired, and even though the China market was stable as a whole, there was no obvious improvement in terms of the prices of fabrics and clothing. Recently, the lower-priced down jackets have ushered in some sales due to the approaching cold wave, which has led to certain price increase expectations at the end of down and other materials.

　　Supply chain behind high price

　　"Last year, the same thing sold more expensive this year, but this year’s things are different from many before. (The pricing of different products is different) is not called price increase." Zhou Jianchun, general manager of Wujiang Shengwei Bauhinia Textile Co., Ltd. told CBN. Zhou Jianchun, who is also a fabric supplier of down jackets, thinks that the word "material" can describe their products more accurately than fabric. Because the material of down jacket now goes beyond the scope of traditional fabrics, it emphasizes more and more the sense of science and technology and new functions, and also incorporates materials such as nano-breathable film, volcanic materials and parachutes.

　　Wu Dongming also mentioned that there is no change in the basic model, and the price is increased by the deep-processed materials. "The fabrics used in winter clothes such as down jackets this year are completely different."

　　Pu Xiaojuan said that this year’s hot-selling and high-priced down jackets are mainly those with certain scientific and technological content and partial functionality. This is also the differentiation strategy pursued by brands in recent years in order to seize the mid-to high-end market. Correspondingly, it is the change of consumer demand — — From the original emphasis on warmth and appearance style, it has become more and more functional and scientific, and is willing to pay for it.

　　Zhou Jianchun also said that consumers’ demand for clothing has changed obviously, and the pursuit of technology and functionality of a garment has become a new fashion trend. "This year, the fabrics of the technology series and the corresponding down jackets sell particularly well."

　　"In the past few years, the prices of some conventional down jackets went down, and the involution was seriously playing a price war. However, the prices of down jackets of some brands have been raised all the time, and it is true that things have been done better. " Zhou Jianchun thinks that 70% of the differentiated competition of brands comes from the difference of fabrics, and "more functional and technological fabrics are needed to meet the needs of the consumer market". More functional needs to be realized by science and technology. For example, some down jacket materials can not only prevent wind, store heat and keep warm, but also prevent dirt and oil. When the materials originally used in parachutes are used in clothing, the strength can be improved by more than 1.5 times compared with the traditional ones. A nano-scale film can let water vapor out, but liquid water can’t enter, and at the same time, it has the functions of perspiration, ventilation and waterproof.

　　In addition to functionality and technology, under the global trend of low carbon, high-priced down jackets and fabrics usually need low-carbon environmental protection and renewable elements. These are directly reflected in the product structure, order volume and profit rate of the supply chain.

　　"We started this year, and the conventional lining materials are all renewable materials." Pu Xiaojuan said that today’s materials must have their own characteristics, and they cannot follow the crowd. Those traditional homogeneous materials are highly competitive and have little profit. To this end, since 2019, they have given up their original customers and conventional products, added independent R&D and sample management teams, changed the passive mode of doing development with business, and actively transformed into renewable and technological fabrics. After several years of running-in, they have also gained a doubling of the order amount in these two years. "This year’s orders are expected to increase by 1.75 times, and last year’s increased by 1.2 times." Prior to this, the annual orders were almost flat.

　　Traditional fabrics are declining instead of increasing, but for Pu Xiaojuan, the price of their new materials is more than 30% higher than that of conventional fabrics, which is a rise in volume and price. "Some friends’ enterprises also achieved the performance of last year in August this year."

　　Pu Xiaojuan revealed that they have a vest heating lining jointly developed, and one meter of cloth can be used on several down jackets. The recent orders have been added. "The original order should have ended in October, and now the scale of replenishment has doubled. A domestic brand of this down jacket may have sold more than 1 million pieces. "

　　Zhou Jianchun said that the company’s overall sales this year were the same as last year, but the sales increased by more than 30%. "The price of some (new) fabrics is 2-3 times that of the conventional ones".

　　Jiangnan, head of Romulan Group Outdoor New Materials Co., Ltd., told CBN that since 85% of the company’s orders are mainly for export, this year is inevitably affected by geopolitical and weak market factors. "Originally (this year’s sales) were expected to increase by 20% this year, but the actual forecast is only 8%." However, this growth is in the case of constant quantity, which also means that the price has been significantly improved because of the innovative transformation of outdoor fabrics and the introduction of new products.

　　Not only the high-end functional down jackets, but also the changes in the market and supply chain have made outdoor-related jackets sell better this year. "Many listed textile companies may not meet the overall performance standards, but the related sales of jackets are good". However, Jiangnan believes that, like down jackets with functions such as coping with extreme cold, this kind of clothing is a product with a small customer base in scale, and it is also a high-end subdivision that is less affected by the transfer of traditional textile and clothing production capacity.

　　Whether it is clothing or material manufacturing, another motivation to support high prices lies in branding. As enterprises in China pay more and more attention to brand building, the polarization of the consumer market will become more and more obvious.

　　"Now more and more brands and garment manufacturers are using the design concept of Chinese and foreign integration, and at the same time, they are more and more concerned about the brand effect, which will be expensive." Jiangnan feels that, more accurately, brands have brought about an increase in the added value of products, and there will be two extremes in the future — — Cheaper and more expensive.

　　Zhou Jianchun said that, like clothing brands, the development and transformation of fabric enterprises also need brand building, and in recent years, with the brand transformation of local industrial chain and the introduction of designers, they have also achieved certain brand effects, which is one of the reasons for raising prices. "Some similar fabrics can be sold a little more expensive than their peers."

　　In terms of design and style, Wu Dongming said that Chinese style elements have also become popular recently.

　　Regarding industrial transfer, Jiangnan pointed out that compared with Southeast Asia, China’s manufacturing industry still has certain advantages. First, the demographic dividend is not as good as before, but it still exists. Secondly, the completeness of China’s industrial chain is the most important reason, especially the functional fabric and clothing innovation, which takes time and experience to accumulate. Thirdly, China has a vast domestic market. Even if the export uncertainty increases, it can find a greater balance in the two-legged walk of domestic and foreign trade. Therefore, in addition to adapting to changes in market demand and brand transformation, they will also make a more rational global layout.