Inventory is an unavoidable problem for e-commerce companies, and it is also the life door for e-commerce companies. Problems in supply chain management are often reflected in inventory, either too much inventory leads to slow sales or too little inventory leads to out of stock.

Inventory management, as its name implies, is to manage the quantity of goods. In general, we can divide it into sales inventory and warehouse inventory.

Sales inventory can also be called foreground inventory, which is the inventory quantity facing the user’s latitude.

Warehouse inventory, which can also be called background inventory, is the inventory quantity oriented to warehouse latitude.

Sales inventory and warehouse inventory, the specific details of which we will introduce in later articles.

The most important behaviors that affect warehouse inventory are warehousing and warehousing.

Warehousing refers to how many commodities have been added, such as purchase warehousing, return warehousing, transfer warehousing, production warehousing, inventory warehousing and other warehousing.

Issue refers to how many commodities have been reduced. Common issues include sales issue, purchase return issue, transfer issue, inventory loss issue and other issues.

In order to better explain the contents of goods in and out of the warehouse (inventory management), according to the process, we will first introduce the basic business in the warehouse, including location introduction, allocation business and inventory business.

In order to better manage the goods, warehouses are generally divided into one cargo space. In this way, every time the goods are put into storage, they will be associated with a location, and when the goods are put out of storage, the location of the goods will be associated with the sorting list, so that the warehouse staff can find the location of the goods quickly and efficiently when distributing the goods.

Here is a way to allocate the cargo space, which also provides an idea:

The above picture is a simple plan of the distribution area, which can be divided into several rows. Each row is named A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, and each row has many shelves. Combined with the naming of each row, we name each shelf A01, A02, A03, A04, A05 and A06.

The above picture shows a simple shelf. This shelf is named A01, which can be divided into four floors. Each floor is named A01-1, A01-2, A01-3 and A01-4. For each cargo space, we name it A01-1-01, A01-1-02 and A01-1-03.

(1) List of cargo positions

The prototype is relatively simple, so I don’t need to describe it too much here. It is just a configuration page and a display list page, which contains the most basic information such as warehouse, location and status.

Transfer is mainly used to adjust the inventory quantity in the warehouse. Putting the right goods in the right warehouse/location can be divided into intra-warehouse transfer and inter-warehouse transfer.

Intra-warehouse transfer: it can also be called location inventory transfer, which is generally the adjustment of the internal inventory of the warehouse. For example, the goods are transferred from the goods with sufficient inventory to the goods with insufficient inventory, which is convenient for picking goods and managing the inventory of the goods.

Inter-warehouse transfer: it can also be called warehouse inventory transfer, which is generally the adjustment of inventory between warehouses. For example, goods are transferred from Hangzhou warehouse to Shanghai warehouse.

The flow of transfer business mainly revolves around the transfer of transfer documents, involving business personnel, transfer-out warehouse and transfer-in warehouse, from the creation of transfer documents by business personnel to the creation of transfer issue documents by transfer information transfer to transfer-out warehouse, and then to the creation of transfer receipt documents by transfer information transfer to transfer-in warehouse.

(1) business personnel, according to the actual demand to create a transfer form, and submit it for approval.

(2) Relevant personnel review the transfer form. If the review fails, they need to re-edit and submit it.

(3) Transfer out the warehouse, and create a transfer issue document according to the approved transfer document. Of course, the transfer issue document can also select one or several commodities in the transfer document according to the actual situation, and fill in the actual issue quantity.

(4) Transfer to the warehouse, create a transfer receipt document according to the transfer document and the issue document, and do the warehousing operation according to the actual situation.

(5) Expenses incurred in the process of financial settlement and allocation

(1) Transfer billing

Transfer billing is the first step of transfer business in the system. First, you need to select the most basic transfer-out warehouse and transfer-in warehouse, and then select the goods that need to be transferred, and the goods will reach sku latitude. The system will calculate the quantity of goods that can be transferred according to the rules (the specific calculation method of the quantity that can be transferred will be introduced later when we introduce the inventory details), maintain the actual quantity of goods transferred this time, and select the transfer-in location (the transfer-in location will read the location information of the corresponding warehouse according to the basic information).

(2) Transfer Sheet Management

All transfer documents are displayed here. Transfer documents need to be approved here before subsequent transfer-out and transfer-in operations can be carried out.

Status of transfer document:

• Being Edited: equivalent to the draft status, the transfer document can be modified and then submitted for approval.
• Canceled: the document is cancelled, which means the document has been voided.
• Pending approval: the transfer application has been submitted, but it has not been approved.
• Approved: the transfer application has passed, and you can issue it.
• Pending issue: the transfer issue document has been generated, but it has not been approved.
• Partial issue: some goods in the transfer document have been issued.
• Issued: all goods in the transfer document have been issued.
• Pending receipt: the transfer receipt document has been generated, but it has not been approved.
• Partial receipt: some goods in the transfer document have been received.
• Completed: all the goods in the transfer document have been received.

Inventory refers to the total or partial inventory of the physical inventory in the warehouse, so as to truly grasp the goods status during the period, and thus improve and strengthen management.

General invoicing systems provide strict warehousing management, so theoretically, the inventory quantity of the system is consistent with the actual inventory quantity of the warehouse. However, in actual operation, it is inevitable that there will be mistakes and omissions in delivery, or that the process will not be followed. At this time, there will be a mismatch between the theoretical inventory and the actual inventory in the warehouse.

After counting, if the actual inventory data is inconsistent with the theoretical inventory data, an inventory gain receipt document and an inventory loss issue document will be automatically generated to adjust the inventory quantity. Regular inventory not only ensures the accuracy of inventory data, avoids oversold and other phenomena, but also can grasp the problems in inventory operation in time.

Regular inventory not only ensures the accuracy of inventory data, but also can grasp the problems in inventory operation in time and avoid oversold. After counting, if the inventory data are inconsistent, an inventory profit and loss sheet will be generated. The seller can check the inventory changes in the inventory management interface or check the inventory ledger to check what links caused the inventory inaccuracy.

The business mainly focuses on the circulation of inventory sheets, starting from the creation of inventory sheets by business parties, entering inventory, and automatically generating inventory gain receipt documents and inventory loss issue documents to correct the inventory after the inventory is completed.

(1) business personnel, according to the actual demand to create inventory list, and submit it for review.

(2) Relevant personnel shall review the inventory list. If the review fails, it needs to be re-edited and submitted.

(3) the warehouse personnel, according to the inventory list for inventory entry of goods, enter the actual inventory quantity.

(4) According to the comparison between the counting quantity and the inventory quantity, an inventory gain receipt document and an inventory loss issue document are generated.

(5) Relevant personnel review the inventory gain receipt document and inventory loss issue document (if the inventory document personnel are the reviewers, they can be directly approved by default), so as to correct the inventory.

(1) Inventory billing

Inventory billing is the first step of inventory operation, and our inventory process starts here. Inventory billing is mainly used to select inventory warehouse, inventory goods and other information. After clicking Save/Submit for approval, inventory sheets can be generated, and the generated inventory documents can be displayed in the inventory sheet management interface.

(2) Inventory sheet management

It is mainly used to query and manage the inventory list, where we can review the inventory list, enter the inventory and other operations.

Inventory sheet status:

• Being Edited: equivalent to the draft status, the inventory list can be modified and then submitted for approval.
• Canceled: the document is cancelled, which means the document has been voided.
• Pending approval: the inventory application has been submitted, but it has not been approved.
• To be counted: the counting application has been approved, but it has not been entered yet. You can enter the counting sheet.
• Completed: the inventory entry is completed and the inventory is finished.

(3) Inventory entry

This is mainly used to enter the real quantity of goods in the inventory list. After the inventory is completed, the business personnel fill in the actual inventory quantity. After saving, the inventory entry process is completed, and the system will follow the new and original inventory data. If the input quantity is inconsistent with the inventory quantity, the system will automatically generate an inventory gain receipt document and an inventory loss issue document.

This paper mainly introduces the basic business in the warehouse, including location introduction, transfer business and inventory counting business. The following articles will introduce the warehousing management and warehousing management that directly affect inventory data. Finally, the details of sales inventory for user latitude and warehouse inventory for warehouse latitude will be introduced as a whole. Welcome all interested parties to communicate together.

E-commerce back-office system: account management in the management back-office (1)

E-commerce background system: managing the security, menu and notification management of background articles (2)

E-commerce back-office system: management of back-office procurement management (executive layer)

　

Author: Nonsense, WeChat WeChat official account: dianshanghoutai.

This article was originally published by @ nonsense. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

On April 25th, Extreme Yue 07 appeared at the 2024 Beijing Auto Show. As the second model of Extreme Yue, Extreme Yue 07 locates the AI intelligent pure electric car, which also focuses on high intelligence and has a very amazing design, and is called "the most beautiful 7 Series". In addition, Ji Yue revealed that it has joined forces with NVIDIA again, and Thor, a high-performance computing platform with 1000TFLOPS, will be put into mass production in 2026.

Interestingly, Extreme Yue 07 and Xiaomi SU7 are both in Hall W2, and their levels and design orientations are similar. They are both high-flow new cars at the auto show. From the design point of view, the ultra-07 is even more avant-garde technology, which embodies the family gene of robotization, futurism and empathy. It cancels the complicated components such as the traditional door handle and the roof laser radar, and the shape looks simple and neat. With the slip-back design, the rear shoulder fender also adopts a large undulating curve design comparable to super-running, which has a sense of sight from the future sports car.

In addition, the design of the front face part is great, integrating intelligent interactive lighting system, and the aesthetic feeling and function are extremely integrated. The design highlight of the tail is the automatic lifting of the tail wing, and the overall visual impression is outstanding. The drag coefficient of Extreme Yue 07 is also quite excellent, reaching 0.198, which is due to the design of its hidden outside sensor, hidden water tangent, flat optimization of bottom fender, aerodynamic suite of the whole body and so on.

The design of Extreme Yue 07 has already gained international recognition, and won two top design awards, German Red Dot and iF, bringing China design to a broader stage. Xia Yiping, CEO of Extreme Yue, believes that there will be a shadow of extreme Yue in the design of smart cars in the next 10 years.

In addition to the appearance of Extreme Yue 07, Extreme Yue announced at the auto show that Extreme Yue 01 will also upgrade the latest version of V1.5.0, and PPA Zhijia will have an early adopter experience in 100 cities. Looking back on the release process of Extreme Yue 01, I bought a Extreme Yue 01 and drove a new car every month.

As an automobile robot, the intelligent level of Ji Yue 01 belongs to the first echelon in its class. Extreme Yue 01 is the first model equipped with Baidu map V20 SR intelligent driving version. In 2024, the extreme Yue PPA intelligent driving will be "all over the country", and PPA intelligent driving can be used as long as Baidu map navigation can reach.

At the Beijing Auto Show, Extreme Yue announced that it will cooperate with NVIDIA to build the next generation of smart cars. Extreme Yue plans to start from 2026, and the mass-produced models will be equipped with NVIDIA’s new generation of centralized in-vehicle computing platform, NVIDIA DRIVE? Thor, to meet the end-to-end intelligent driving needs of the whole scene in the future.

Quick review of wheels

At present, there are many new brands in the auto market, whether they cross the circle or are already in the circle, they have begun to accelerate their efforts and try to seize a place in the industry reform. The more you are in it, it is difficult to avoid participating in the fierce market competition. However, Extreme Yue has a very distinct brand personality, including future design and intelligent technology. Extremely Yue has strong strength and has also opened a differentiated distance from other new brands. From Extreme Yue 01 to Extreme Yue 07, extreme Yue lets us see more and more future cars. (Text | ｜DAN)

　　On August 2 nd, children learned to use the intelligent garbage sorting and recycling machine in the "garbage sorting" summer classroom activity in Licang District, Qingdao. Photo by Wang Haibin (People’s Vision)

　　On June 27th, in the Steel Ball Community of Erlang Street, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, two staff members of Chongqing Environmental Sanitation Group were sending the sorted perishable garbage into a special perishable garbage transport vehicle. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Yushe

　　On August 13th, Chen Liangen (pictured right), a garbage collector in Xin ‘an Town, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, collected agricultural harmful waste at the breeding base of freshwater shrimp farmers in Xinqiao Village of this town. Photo by Yao Haixiang (people’s picture)

　　What is the use of leftovers? What process does a plastic bottle go through before it can become a useful material? How to deal with waste electronic products and expired drugs to reduce the harm? Once upon a time, our impression of garbage sorting and recycling was a loud voice shouting in the early morning of the community — — Collect junk! Today, the Internet of Things intelligent recycling machine, garbage sorting applet, anaerobic microbial degradation system, etc., make garbage sorting and recycling become "high", and more recyclable garbage becomes renewable resources.

　　On July 1, the Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste in Shanghai was officially implemented, which triggered a heated discussion among netizens. On the same day, four topics related to garbage were listed on Weibo Hot Search List. In addition to Shanghai, people are concerned about when their cities will start to implement strict garbage sorting policies. According to the requirements of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, by 2020, all cities will fully implement the garbage sorting system, and 46 cities as the first pilot will initially establish the garbage sorting treatment system. Some enterprises have a keen sense of smell. In early July alone, about 200 garbage sorting enterprises were registered.

　　What’s the use of kitchen waste?

　　Less than 8 o’clock every day, Li Ming sets off in a closed electric tricycle. His destination is the kitchen waste drop point in Donghuashi Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, which is the green vat where residents dump leftovers. His job is to sort the kitchen waste and transport it to the centralized point, and hand it over to the staff of the sanitation group for subsequent treatment.

　　Summer in Beijing, even in the morning, is full of enthusiasm. After Li Ming opened the green bucket, he first took a photo, recorded the original release status, and then put on gloves to sort out impurities other than kitchen waste such as plastic bags that residents threw wrong. In a short time, sweat appeared on his forehead. At this time, he took a measuring rod from the car, reached into the bucket to detect, and transmitted the data and the sorted trash can photos to the system. He told us: "In summer, kitchen waste is easy to breed mosquitoes, and we need to clean and deodorize the trash can."

　　Li Ming is an employee of Beijing Tianlong Tianjie Company. The company has 204 kitchen waste bins in the whole street of Donghua City, and each staff member is responsible for about 10 to 15 bins. Liu Quan, the manager of the company, said: "The first step of garbage sorting, recycling and reuse is residents’ putting in. If the work in this step is not done well, the following steps will be affected. Garbage sorting means doing ‘ People ’ Work. "

　　For decades, Liu Quan has explored a set of effective methods. "We tell residents about the necessity of garbage sorting through leaflets, activities and publicity. Invite street workers and party member cadres to visit the garbage treatment plant, let them see how much garbage Beijing will produce every day through field visits, and realize the harm of mountains of garbage to the environment. Their consciousness has suddenly improved, and more and more residents have begun to consciously put it in. " In the case that the amount of kitchen waste generated is generally stable, the amount of kitchen waste in the community has increased from 60 tons per month at the beginning of 2018 to more than 150 tons per month now, and it has entered the recycling channel.

　　It is understood that the domestic waste in China has the characteristics of "three highs and one low", that is, high water content, high impurity, high organic matter content and low calorific value. Chinese people’s eating habits make kitchen waste account for about 50%-60% of the garbage. This kind of wet garbage has high moisture content and low calorific value. It takes 5-7 days to discharge 20%-25% of the total garbage, and the calorific value can reach the most suitable combustion conditions.

　　According to the characteristics of kitchen waste in China, some enterprises are constantly exploring. The project of Guangzhou East Biomass Comprehensive Treatment Plant invested, constructed and operated by Langkun Environment Group is one of them.

　　The relevant person in charge of the factory said: "We mainly deal with catering waste, kitchen waste, etc., and adopt the process of pretreatment+combined anaerobic digestion+comprehensive utilization. At present, the contracted processing scale for the six districts in downtown Guangzhou is 400 tons of catering waste, 600 tons of kitchen waste, and 2,040 tons of other kinds of biomass waste. It is currently the largest urban organic waste treatment project in the world. "

　　How to solve the problem of many impurities and complex components in kitchen waste? The relevant person in charge of the factory said: "After the kitchen waste is delivered to us, we must first remove impurities, which is the most difficult in all aspects of kitchen waste treatment. The way we take is to carry out high-pressure pressing separation. The purpose is to realize the dry-wet separation of kitchen waste and get wet components (organic matter) and dry components (impurities). "

　　The factory adopts automatic ultra-high pressure garbage pressing device, and the separated garbage can be turned into "treasure", in which the wet component is used for anaerobic fermentation, and the biogas generated in anaerobic fermentation can be converted into electric energy; Anaerobic fermented biogas residue can be processed into bio-fertilizer raw materials after dehydration. The dry components are used for incineration to generate electricity.

　　How can a beverage bottle be reborn?

　　According to the data released by the United Nations Environment Programme, nearly 17 million barrels of crude oil are consumed in the production of beverage bottles worldwide every year, 13 million tons of plastic waste flows into the ocean every year, and about 15 million marine creatures die from plastic waste. One million beverage bottles are sold every minute in the world, and it takes 450 years for plastics to decompose in the natural environment.

　　Are the plastic bottles we throw away really useless? What kind of life course will a plastic bottle go through after it leaves the consumer? A few days ago, we visited Yingchuang Renewable Resources Recycling Co., Ltd., located in Shunyi District, Beijing, and felt the process of beverage bottles from discarding to rebirth.

　　Put an empty plastic bottle into Yingchuang’s H-31 intelligent recycling machine for beverage bottles, only to see the bottle turn several times in the recycling machine and then fall into the recycling bin. However, if an unfinished bottle is put into the recycling machine, it will not fall into the recycling bin. It turns out that this recycling machine can sense the weight of bottles. Compressing the recycled empty bottles can reduce the cleaning cost of workers and improve the recycling efficiency.

　　After the recycling is completed, users can choose to donate or receive coupons and get rebates. When choosing coupons, they don’t need to download the mobile phone application, and the whole process from returning bottles to redeeming points can be completed through WeChat applet.

　　Consumer participation ends here. However, for the plastic bottle in the recycling machine, this is only the first step in its regeneration journey.

　　Plastic bottles entering the recycling machine will be compressed, waiting for more bottles to fill the recycling bin. The staff of Yingchuang told us that whether the recycling machine is working normally and whether the recycling bin has been filled can be sent back to the background in real time. According to the situation of each recycling machine, the backstage can arrange the optimal treatment route for the cleaning personnel nearby.

　　After that, these plastic bottles will be transported to the sorting station for sorting and packaging, and pressed into bottle bricks to enter Yingchuang Recycling Factory.

　　The bottle body can be recycled. How to recycle the label on the bottle cap and bottle? Can labels and bottle caps be made into bottles after recycling?

　　It turns out that a beverage bottle can be divided into three parts. Among them, the bottle body can realize the "bottle-to-bottle" level conversion, and after recycling, it is still food-grade and can also hold drinks. But bottle caps and labels are not. After Yingchuang automatically sorts the recovered bottles, it removes the caps and labels and handles them in other ways. Finally, the PET (poly (terephthalic acid) plastic) beverage bottles enter the recycling plant.

　　Yingchuang’s staff also showed us several kinds of crystal particles, all of which were broken and cleaned beverage bottles. These glittering and translucent plastic fragments are restored to cleanliness, waiting to be processed into recycled polyester chips or directly reborn.

　　At present, the annual consumption of plastic bottles in China exceeds 5 million tons, about 200 billion, ranking first in the world. Yingchuang processes 50,000 tons of waste PET beverage bottles every year, which is equivalent to saving 300,000 tons of oil.

　　The story of a bottle will continue.

　　Can harmful waste become harmless?

　　Kitchen waste can be converted into biogas and burned to generate electricity, and plastic bottles can be crushed and reused. What should we do with the expired drugs, remote controls and other discarded batteries in people’s small medicine boxes?

　　In June 2016, the new version of the National Hazardous Waste List was released, and family expired drugs were impressively listed. Once the drug expires, it will not only lose its therapeutic effect, but also be harmful to the human body. However, if the expired drugs are discarded and burned together with ordinary domestic garbage, it will seriously harm the environment, resulting in excessive antibiotic components in soil and water.

　　Expired drugs are very harmful, but the treatment of expired drugs in China is insufficient. The White Paper on the Recovery of Family Expired Drugs in China shows that about 78.6% of families in China have "small medicine boxes", and more than 80% of them don’t have the habit of cleaning them regularly. Few people know how to deal with family expired drugs correctly.

　　Even though there are many difficulties in recycling expired drugs, you have not given up. Since 2004, Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. has been holding expired drugs recycling activities from March to August every year. At present, GPHL has recovered more than 1,500 tons of expired drugs.

　　The recovered expired drugs will be sealed and packaged, labeled, indicating the recovery point, handler, recovery unit and recovery date, transported to the abandoned waste treatment plant by the dangerous goods transport vehicle, treated by professionals, and put into the pyrolysis gasification incinerator for harmless treatment.

　　It has basically become a consensus that waste batteries and waste electronic products belong to harmful waste. E-waste only accounts for 2% of the global landfill waste, but it accounts for 70% of all hazardous waste, which seriously harms the environment. But at the same time, waste electronic products may turn waste into treasure. The International Telecommunication Union estimated that the value of gold thrown into the waste heap in 2016 was $21.5 billion and the value of copper was $13.9 billion.

　　The Implementation Plan of Extended Producer Responsibility System issued by the General Office of the State Council pointed out that producers should be responsible for the resource and environmental responsibilities of their products throughout their life cycle. In other words, for the manufacturers of electronic products, we should not only manage the production links, but also grasp the links of battery recycling.

　　Now, the power batteries eliminated from new energy vehicles can be applied to other fields in a step-by-step way to give full play to their use value. However, batteries whose performance drops below 30% have to be dismantled and regenerated to extract precious metals by chemical means.

　　The action of garbage sorting has gradually become a trend, and the garbage sorting industry is gradually forming a complete industrial chain.

　　Zhang Yi, chairman of the Environmental Protection Alliance of Strategic Emerging Industries in China, said: "Although developed countries started waste sorting earlier than us, no country has raised waste sorting to such a high level like China." According to Zhang Yi’s estimation, in the next 10 years, the industrial scale driven by garbage classification will be about 400 billion yuan.

　　China’s garbage sorting industry is gradually maturing. The life journey of garbage shows us that the garbage sorting industry is not only a public welfare undertaking to protect green water and green mountains, but also brings a blue ocean of commerce, allowing us to see the Jinshan Yinshan in garbage. (Zhang Pengyu Cao Yingyue)