Deputy Director of the National Atomic Energy Agency： The 13th Five-Year Plan or the construction of inland nuclear power plants.

　　According to the Voice of China report, nuclear energy is clean energy and plays an important role in environmental protection and economic development. At present, China has 35 nuclear power units in operation with 33.65 million kilowatts, and 21 nuclear power units under construction with 23.9 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world in the scale of construction. However, the proportion of nuclear power in China’s total power generation is still low, accounting for only about 3%, far below the global average of 11%. International institutions predict that by 2050, the global nuclear power generation will double on the existing basis, and the proportion of power generation will reach 17% of the world’s total power generation. This also means that China’s nuclear energy development must be accelerated.

　　The power of nuclear energy is also frightening. There are Chernobyl far away and Fukushima in Japan recently. Can nuclear energy construction ensure safety? How will we outline a beautiful blueprint for development? Wang Yiren, deputy director of the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and deputy director of the National Atomic Energy Agency, gave a detailed answer to this question.

　　Question: Can a similar disaster like the Fukushima nuclear accident be avoided?

　　Recently, the maximum radiation value in the containment of Unit 2 of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan reached 650 Sv per hour, and people will die if exposed to this radiation for several tens of seconds, which once again caused public concern. Wang Yiren explained that, in fact, this is the sequela of the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan in 2011. The Fukushima nuclear accident is the result of the superposition of extreme natural disasters and improper human handling. If the relevant measures in Japan were put in place after the tsunami and earthquake at that time, this situation can be avoided today. "Improper handling, the power-off reactor is constantly emitting residual heat, and if it is not cooled, it will definitely be damaged. If the emergency is handled properly, the emergency diesel engine should be dispatched immediately to restore power supply. In addition, it is at the seaside and can be cooled by seawater. But he didn’t. He didn’t dare to use seawater for cooling. He thought the reactor would be used in the future. In fact, it has been running for 40 years. When it is time to retire, he is still reluctant to retire, which is’ Tokyo Electric Power’. "

　　In addition, nuclear power technology is the third generation, and its safety performance has been greatly improved. Once a nuclear accident occurs, it will be closed in the factory and in the reactor, which also puts a safety lock on the development of nuclear energy. According to the plan, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP will be reduced by 18%, and emissions of major pollutants including sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will be reduced by 10% to 15%. Wang Yiren said that nuclear energy is one of the best ways to achieve this goal. "Because nuclear power is a low-carbon energy source, it basically does not emit carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and basically does not emit harmful gases, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. At the same time, it is a base load energy, which can generate electricity stably. Solar energy and wind energy are clean energy sources, but they are available for a while, so it is difficult to get online, and they are not available for a while, so they cannot operate stably. Including hydropower, there is this problem. There is too little water in the dry season to provide electricity stably. "

　　Second question: Is it necessary to build a nuclear fuel industrial park?

　　During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, China’s nuclear power operation and installed capacity under construction will reach the goal of 88 million kilowatts. This must first make the nuclear power plant with power generation capacity more efficient. Previously, because China’s nuclear power plants were built near the southeast coast. The construction of nuclear fuel capacity is mainly distributed in the west, far from the concentration of nuclear power plants, and the layout is scattered. To put it simply, raw materials are too far away from power plants. Wang Yiren said that in order to solve these problems, it is necessary to build a nuclear fuel industrial park in coastal areas where nuclear power plants are relatively concentrated, and build a one-stop nuclear fuel component production and supply base. After the mass incident in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, the project of Jiangmen Industrial Park was once terminated. However, after the incident, China National Nuclear Corporation and China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation restarted the site selection work. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China National Nuclear Corporation will cooperate with China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation to build a nuclear fuel industrial park, so as to realize the diversification of investors. We will follow the pace of nuclear power development, grasp the rhythm, and steadily promote the construction of nuclear fuel industrial park. The site selection of nuclear fuel industrial park should comprehensively consider economic, technical and social factors to ensure the construction of a fuel industrial park with advanced technology and international competitiveness. After uranium resources are imported from overseas, they enter the fuel park after entering the dock, and begin to purify, transform, re-enrich uranium, manufacture components, and provide them to nearby nuclear power plants. "

　　Three questions: Why build inland nuclear power plants?

　　At present, inland sites that have already carried out preliminary work for nuclear power plants include taohuajiang, Hunan, Xianning, Hubei and Pengze, Jiangxi. Wang Yiren emphasized that at present, more than 400 nuclear power plants in the world, most of which are built in the mainland where the impact of tsunami and typhoon can be basically ignored, and a few are in the coastal areas, meet the safety requirements, and the same is true in the mainland. "Nuclear power plants built in the coastal areas are safe, but they are not safe in the mainland, and there is no such problem."

　　Why did China first build nuclear power plants along the coast and then consider inland? Wang Yiren analyzed that in the past, the demand for electricity in the southeast coast was stronger, so nuclear power plants took the lead in supporting the southeast coast. However, with the acceleration of inland economic development, the energy demand in inland areas is also increasing, and the impact of nuclear power on the environment is less than that of thermal power. "Inland areas like Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi are also short of energy. My hometown, Hunan, also lacks primary energy, so its electricity is now sent there at high voltage. As soon as we catch up with the freezing season, the high-voltage line can’t be delivered if something goes wrong. It also pulls coal from the outside to generate electricity. It may be a good choice if nuclear power is developed. "

　　Some people worry that the construction of nuclear power plants inland needs to be cooled by Yangtze River water. Wang Yiren said that this concept is wrong again. Although coastal nuclear power plants are cooled by circulating seawater, it is different in inland areas. Water towers are used. "When you go to the power plant, there is a big water tower. Its water is recycled internally. It is not discharged to the Yangtze River at all, and it will not pump water from the Yangtze River endlessly."

　　Wang Yiren revealed that if it goes well, construction of inland nuclear power plants will start during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period.

　　Question 4: What is a floating nuclear power plant at sea?

　　During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, China will also develop offshore floating nuclear power plants, also known as offshore nuclear power floating platforms. Wang Yiren explained: It is actually to build a nuclear power plant on a ship, and it is special because it is floating. The construction of offshore floating nuclear power plants is of great significance to promote the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources and the development of nuclear power technology of surface ships in China. "Now, the energy for offshore resource exploitation is basically with diesel engines and diesel oil to generate electricity. Because it is impossible to pull electricity from the mainland, this is very troublesome and not good for the marine environment. So if floating nuclear power plants can be used at sea, this problem can be solved. In addition, like the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands, there are people living, producing and living on the islands. What about their electricity consumption? Now take diesel power generation from the mainland. These problems can also be solved if the offshore nuclear power platform can be used. In addition, in the future, we will develop the Arctic, and it is very convenient to take many routes to the Arctic. "

　　At present, authoritative experts in the industry and relevant units have been organized to conduct several rounds of argumentation, and the scheme of using mature technology to build offshore floating nuclear power plants has been determined.

　　Question 5: China’s spent fuel treatment technology is 20 years worse than India’s? What is the progress of China’s nuclear industry going global?

　　Spent fuel, also known as irradiated nuclear fuel, is irradiated and used nuclear fuel, usually produced by nuclear reactors of nuclear power plants. The uranium content of this fuel is reduced, so it can’t continue to maintain the nuclear reaction, so it is called spent fuel. Spent fuel contains a lot of radioactive elements, so if it is not properly treated, it will seriously affect the environment and the health of people who come into contact with them. The disposal of spent fuel is the back end of nuclear energy utilization, which is also one of the last links in the nuclear industry chain. Wang Yiren introduced that China has determined the technical route that the closed cycle of nuclear fuel and the development of nuclear energy must develop post-treatment. "We are now taking post-treatment of spent fuel, cutting it into sections by chemical methods and extraction methods, and soaking it in the solution to extract it. Put something useful out, dry it into powder after it is put out, and then make it into components. "

　　Wang Yiren said that people still do not master the technology of large-scale nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Therefore, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, key technologies of post-processing will be tackled. It is understood that in terms of post-processing capacity, we will take three steps. At present, we have built 60 tons of post-processing capacity, the second step is to build 200 tons of industrial capacity, and the third step is to build a large-scale commercial post-processing capacity, which is 800 tons. "Before we fully master the post-processing technology, we will cooperate with France to build an 800-ton post-processing plant to solve our problem of spent fuel post-processing."

　　Previously, some people thought that China’s spent fuel treatment technology was worse than India’s for nearly 20 years. Wang Yiren responded that this statement is inaccurate. It will take about five years at most to catch up with India and 10 to 15 years to catch up with the international advanced level. "Because it takes more than ten years to build an 800-ton reprocessing plant. Now the highest level of post-processing is France. To catch up with France, we must first build an 800-ton factory and run it stably in order to prove that we can catch up with France. "

　　A complete industrial chain of nuclear industry has been established, and the pace of nuclear power going abroad will be further accelerated. Now, countries including Britain, South Africa and Argentina have extended an olive branch of cooperation to China’s nuclear power products. Wang Yiren introduced: "One is Hualong No.1, the other is CAP1400, and the other is high temperature gas cooled reactor. Because the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is now at the leading level in the world, if it is connected to the grid in 2018, it will be the first high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in the world to be officially put into commercial operation, just like a nuclear power plant. So now this is a few brands that are more interested abroad and steadily push the nuclear brand created by China to the world. " (Reporter Zhang Mianmian)