(A) the original achievements made in the frontier field of science
　　　　1. NanoSCIENCE, life science, information science, earth science, mathematics, physics and chemistry have published a series of important papers in first-class magazines of science, NATURE and related disciplines, occupying an important place in the world.

　　　　Nonlinear optical crystals, quantum information and communication, and ultra-strong and ultra-short lasers are among the top in the world. A series of innovative achievements have been made in the fields of nanomaterials and nanostructures, protein’s structure and function, brain and cognition, animal cloning, molecular engineering for creating new substances, paleontology, marine science, etc., and the overall research level has been significantly improved, which has had an important impact in the world; Mathematical mechanization, symplectic geometry algorithm and other aspects to maintain China’s characteristics and advantages.

　　　　2. The research of nonlinear optical crystals keeps the leading position in the world.

　　　　Innovative achievements have been made in the design and growth of ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals and the development of prototype lasers. The fully transparent KBBF single crystal of 20×10×1.8mm3 was successfully grown, which broke through the limit that the thickness of the crystal never exceeded 1mm in the past. KBBF prism coupling technology is put forward for the first time in the world, which realizes the effective output of deep ultraviolet laser from 200 nm to 193 nm, thus jumping over the technical threshold of realizing deep ultraviolet frequency doubling light output and taking an important step towards the realization of the fourth generation light source, which will have a far-reaching impact on the competition of optoelectronic industry in the future.

　　　　3. Quantum information and communication research has achieved a number of important innovations with international influence.

　　　　In the research of preparation and manipulation of multi-particle entangled states, the preparation and manipulation of five-particle entangled states were realized for the first time in the world, and the teleportation of quantum states with "open terminal" was demonstrated experimentally by using a five-photon entangled source, which was rated as one of the top ten advances in international physics in 2004 by american physical society and European physics at the same time. In the aspect of quantum key distribution, an experimental scheme of quantum key distribution with good one-way transmission stability is designed, and a 150 km indoor quantum key distribution experiment is realized. Using the actual communication optical cable, the quantum key distribution with a length of 125 kilometers from Beijing to Tianjin via Xianghe, Hebei Province is realized.

　　　　4. The research of ultra-intense and ultra-short laser is in the forefront of the world.

　　　　Great progress has been made in the development of new principles and methods of CPA’s new generation ultra-short laser and the integration and innovation of miniaturized OPCPA ultra-short laser system, and the output power of 3.67TW has been achieved, and the CPA ultra-short laser device with high beam quality and world-class overall performance has been successfully developed. On this basis, a new phenomenon of double-peak splitting of high-order harmonic spectrum is observed experimentally for the first time, and a new mechanism of generating high-intensity correlated atomic beams by quantum coherent control of atomic system is proposed. The theoretical model and calculation method of non-perturbation quantum electrodynamics of strong-field interaction are established and applied to explain and predict the experimental phenomena of strong-field laser physics.

　　　　5. The research on nano-materials and nano-structures has made a series of innovative achievements, which is at the forefront of the world.

　　　　In the research of carbon nanotubes, the technology of preparing single-walled carbon nanotubes by combining template with organic catalytic pyrolysis is considered by foreign counterparts as one of the four main preparation methods of carbon nanotubes at present. The growth process of carbon nanotubes was proved by isotope labeling method, ultrafine carbon nanotubes were prepared by secondary discharge method, carbon nanotube wires were drawn by superparamagnetic carbon nanotube array, and preparation methods of double-walled nanotubes by floating catalysis method and large-scale preparation of carbon nanotubes by alcohol thermal reduction method were developed. In the preparation of ordered array of one-dimensional nanowires of GaN single crystal, coaxial nano-cables with the core of GaN and the outer layer of BN and the diameter of 50nm have been successfully developed, and the world’s thinnest probe with good performance has been assembled by using single-walled carbon nanotubes, which has had an important impact in the world. The work of polarized incandescent spectrum of carbon nanotube filament opens up a new way for the application of carbon nanotube in lighting field. It is found that the deformation process of bulk nano-copper is mainly controlled by grain boundary behavior rather than traditional lattice dislocation behavior. It is found that the twin interface induces the high strength and high conductivity of nano-copper, which shows that the material properties can be optimized through the structural design on the nano-scale. A new principle of binary synergism to produce superhydrophobicity is put forward, and interface structural materials with bionic superhydrophobicity function are designed and synthesized, and the "switching effect" of superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity reversible transformation controlled by temperature field and light field is found. Lead thin films with atomic flatness were successfully prepared on silicon single crystal substrate by low temperature growth method.It is also observed that the superconducting transition temperature and thermal expansion coefficient of lead thin films oscillate with the thickness of the films and other strange material properties.

　　　　6. A breakthrough was made in the study of protein’s structure and function.

　　　　The 3-D structure analysis of spinach light-harvesting complex (LHCII) with resolution of 2.72 was obtained for the first time. This is the first 3-D structure analysis of LHC II at atomic level so far, which is considered as a breakthrough in photosynthesis research in recent years. The research results were published in the journal NATURE in the form of an article. The crystal structure of mitochondrial respiratory chain membrane protein complex II and its inhibitor complex was successfully analyzed, which filled a blank in the study of mitochondrial respiratory chain and provided a real and available model for studying the electron transfer system of mitochondrial respiratory chain and human mitochondrial diseases related to this complex. The research results were published in CELL magazine.

　　　　7. Breakthrough in brain science research

　　　　A number of innovative achievements have been made in brain cognition, nerve signal transmission and nerve growth, and a number of important papers have been published in internationally renowned journals such as SCIENCE, NATURE and NEURON. The research on the choice of Drosophila in the face of dilemma clues has been initiated internationally. It is found that Drosophila can learn multiple clues of visual mode to guide flight orientation behavior, and it is proved that the mushroom body of Drosophila brain participates in the choice process, which provides a simpler model organism and a new choice paradigm for understanding this intelligent behavior of brain. In the study of the regulation mechanism of some basic processes of nerve development, it is found that a protein kinase called CSK has polarity in the development of nerve cells, and its activity in axons is lower than that in dendrites, which controls the polarity of nerve cells. In the research of cognitive science, the initial perception theory of topological properties is put forward, which challenges the dominant feature analysis theory for half a century. Further research has found the biological evidence of magnetic resonance imaging to support this theory.

　　　　8. Successful birth of transgenic intergeneric cloned fish.

　　　　It marks a new breakthrough in the basic research field of animal cloning in China. Intergeneric nuclear transfer was carried out with the blastocyst cells of the transgenic red carp (Cyprinus carpio var. rubra) with MThGH F4 as the donor and the enucleated eggs of goldfish as the recipient, and the transgenic inter-generic cloned fish was successfully obtained, and the new evidence that cytoplasm affected the development of cloned fish was found at the molecular level for the first time.

　　　　9. Important new breakthroughs have been made in immunology research.

　　　　A new DC subgroup with special negative immune regulation function was found, which challenged the traditional theory that mature DC no longer proliferated in traditional immunology, and was helpful to deeply understand the mechanism of immune response and the pathogenesis of many diseases.

　　　　10. Molecular engineering to create new substances

　　　　It has gathered 5 academicians in this field, 14 winners of the National Outstanding Youth Fund and 3 "innovative research groups" to carry out innovative research, made high-level research results, and published more than 40 papers in international authoritative magazines in the chemical field such as SCIENCE, NATURE, ACCOUNT OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH and JACS, which has had an important impact internationally.

　　　　11. Paleontological research

　　　　Based on the abundant paleontological data in China, a series of important discoveries and innovative achievements have been made in the origin of important biological groups such as metazoa, vertebrates and birds, the Cambrian biological explosion, the biological radiation in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the three biological extinctions in Paleozoic and their subsequent recovery, and the exploration of the basic laws of the co-evolution of biology and environment. The first author published 32 papers in SCIENCE and NATURE, which attracted great attention from international academic circles. Among them, the research on "Chengjiang Fauna and Cambrian Outbreak" won the first prize of National Natural Science Award in 2003; The Paibi section of Huayuan, Hunan Province was established as the first global boundary stratotype section ("Golden Nail") in Cambrian.

　　　　12. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau evolution and environmental effects

　　　　New views are put forward on the collision time limit, process and collision mode of the northern and southern edges of the plateau in India. High-resolution environmental records in different areas of the plateau have been established, revealing the characteristics of climate and environment changes in the past 20 thousand years, especially in the last 2000 years. The relationship between the uplift of Himalayas and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Asian monsoon climate is studied comprehensively and systematically for the first time. The results show that the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 10-8 million years ago led to the emergence of the Asian monsoon, and the accelerated uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 3.6-2.6 million years ago laid the basic framework of the Asian monsoon climate. It shows that the evolution of Asian monsoon is closely related to the periodic uplift of plateau.

　　　　13. Many breakthroughs have been made in the deep subduction of the mainland.

　　　　The continuous material composition, three-dimensional structure, material exchange between crust and mantle and geophysical state in the deep part of plate convergence boundary are revealed. It is proved that there was an important geological event in geological history when the plate carried a huge amount of material and dived deep into the mantle below 100 kilometers. It is found that the instability caused by dehydration of structural water (OH) in eclogite minerals can induce fractures and cause high-temperature earthquakes, which explains the cause of deep earthquakes in mantle transition zone. This achievement was published in NATURE magazine in 2004.

　　　　14. Marine scientific research

　　　　The theoretical framework of China’s offshore ecosystem dynamics is established, and it is the first time to establish a theoretical framework based on the ecosystem level. The quota fishing assessment and management model, taking fish as an example, found that the strategy of Daphnia sinensis to spend the summer in the shallow sea of temperate continental shelf is considered as one of the representative research achievements since the implementation of the international Global Marine Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) plan. At the invitation of members of the GLOBEC Scientific Steering Committee and the North Pacific Scientific Organization (PICES), it was reported at international scientific conferences many times, which had a great impact. In terms of the formation mechanism and variation of offshore circulation, the formation mechanism of Kuroshio "multi-core structure" in the East China Sea is revealed. It is found that the circulation exists in the outer shelf of the southern East China Sea, and the distribution and variation of "flow-vortex structure" are simulated. The evolution law of "multi-vortex structure" of South China Sea circulation is expounded. A wind-wave-tide-current coupled numerical model is developed.

　　　　15. Research on Mathematical Mechanization Method

　　　　This paper proves the "finite kernel" theorem of global optimization of a certain algebraic system, gives a complete global optimization method for this kind of system, provides a new method for global optimization in many scientific fields, and completes the automatic reasoning platform of mathematical mechanization. It is proved theoretically that any reversible linear transformation can be realized by integer, and a necessary and sufficient condition and a fast algorithm for integer realization are given. The "multi-component transformation" technology based on this theory has been adopted by the international standard of JPEG2000 image compression.

　　　　16. Large-scale scientific computing research

　　　　The adaptive algorithm, symplectic algorithm and multi-scale algorithm suitable for solving large partial differential equations are developed. Symplectic algorithm is used to assimilate atmospheric and ocean GPS data for the first time, and a new generation atmospheric circulation model GAMIL1.0 is established.

　　　　17. Research on high performance optimization algorithm

　　　　An innovative method that can quickly find the effective solution space and algorithm is developed, which improves the quality of stable solution and the calculation speed of solving very large-scale examples of the same scale traveling salesman problem by one order of magnitude respectively. Large-scale optimization algorithms such as multi-space search are developed and applied to Internet search, mobile communication and multimedia communication systems, VLSI design, intelligent power information management systems and other technical fields.

　　　　(B) the source of innovation in basic theory
　　　　1. Basic theoretical research on solidification and crystallization control of steel.

　　　　It is found that the regulation of grain refinement in metallurgical process can greatly improve the strength of steel. A new generation of steel materials developed by systematically integrating high clean steel production technology, high homogeneous solidification structure technology and deformation-induced transformation structure refinement technology is characterized by high cleanliness, high homogeneity and ultra-fine structure, and its strength is about twice that of ordinary materials at present. The achievements have been partially applied to automobile, construction and other industries, and are regarded by domestic metallurgical circles as a "revolution" to promote the structural adjustment, product upgrading and improve the technical level of the steel industry.

　　　　2. Key problems in industrial production of high performance polyolefin materials.

　　　　Based on the relationship between polymer chain structure and processability, this paper puts forward the theory of analyzing the flow stability of biaxial stretching, introduces rheological research into the improvement of polyolefin processability, designs the chain structure of BOPP film special material suitable for high-speed stretching, and develops an ultra-high-speed BOPP special material with a capacity of 400 m/min without basically changing the existing production equipment conditions, and the product quality exceeds that of imported products.

　　　　3. The theory and technology of diaspore bauxite reverse flotation are established for the first time in the world.

　　　　The principle of changing the interfacial interaction force between aluminum and silicon minerals to control dispersion is put forward, the structural model of high-efficiency collector for aluminosilicate minerals and the new idea of activated flotation are put forward, and the desilication technology prototype of "controlling dispersion-selective inhibition-enhanced collection" and the desilication technology of selective grinding-agglomeration positive flotation are formed. The original flotation desilication method and the improved Bayer process may expand the available bauxite resources in China by 2-5 times.

　　　　4. Some breakthroughs have been made in the research of optoelectronic devices, optical storage and information functional materials, and a series of achievements with independent intellectual property rights have been made.

　　　　In the research of quantum cascade lasers and detectors, gallium arsenic/aluminum gallium arsenic quantum cascade lasers and the world’s first short cavity single-mode strain compensation indium gallium arsenic/indium aluminum arsenic quantum cascade laser have been successfully developed, and the world’s first gallium indium nitrogen arsenic/gallium arsenic multi-quantum well resonant cavity enhancement detector has been developed. These achievements indicate that the research level of GaAs-based near-infrared optoelectronic materials and devices in China has entered the world’s advanced ranks. In the aspect of optical storage, a new generation of optical storage technology is developed by using multi-wavelength and multi-order optical storage method, which can greatly improve the storage density and capacity of optical disks without changing the numerical aperture of optical systems, thus doubling the capacity of optical disks and opening up a new way for establishing the optical disk industry with independent intellectual property rights in China. In the research of semiconductor optical amplifier, the polarization insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier with graded strain active region is proposed and fabricated for the first time in the world, and the semiconductor optical amplifier is fabricated by alternately growing tensile strain quantum wells and compressive strain quasi-materials for the first time. In the aspect of organic small molecule fluorescent materials, a series of phenol pyridine complexes with independent intellectual property rights were designed and synthesized. Breaking through the framework of studying microwave dielectric ceramics in traditional perovskite compounds, a new system of K2NiF4 MRAlO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with independent intellectual property rights was developed.

　　　　5. A series of outstanding progress has been made in the research of micro-nano electronic materials and devices and micro-electromechanical systems.

　　　　In the research of miniaturization of silicon-based integrated devices, a new CMOS device with a gate length of 27nm and a CMOS32 frequency division circuit with a gate length of 36nm have been successfully developed, which marks a new step in the research of chip miniaturization in China. In the research of compound semiconductor electronic devices, a PHEMT transistor with cutoff frequency exceeding 100GHz was successfully obtained, which laid the foundation for the development of InP-based devices in China. In the research of field emission flat panel display, silicon nanowire cold cathode with grid structure and WO3 nanowire cold cathode array have been developed, and the research results are first reported at home and abroad. The energy transfer model of thin air damping is proposed by integrating the research of MEMS. DBao model and air damping model of MEMS orifice plate structure? D modified Reynolds equation; According to the characteristics of MEMS structure, a new dynamic equation is established, and a micro inertial sensor with independent intellectual property rights is developed and applied.

　　　　(3) A number of key scientific problems have been solved in energy, resources and environment.
　　　　1. Many innovations have been made in efficient and clean utilization of fossil energy.

　　　　On the basis of revealing the mechanism of calcium-based desulfurization promoted by water, the medium temperature flue gas desulfurization technology was developed, and the desulfurization efficiency could reach 85-95% with only 4% water equivalent to wet desulfurization technology. The mechanism of plasma NOx reduction reaction is put forward and proved, and the new technology of NOx removal developed on this basis has been preliminarily popularized and applied. The basic research on catalysis for the optimal utilization of natural gas and coalbed methane pioneered the application theory and technology of ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy in in-situ and dynamic characterization of catalysis in the world, which was widely recognized by peers at home and abroad. The technology of preparing low-carbon olefins from synthetic gas made from natural gas and coal gasification by methanol and dimethyl ether was successful. A theory of anaerobic activation of methane is put forward, which opens up a new way to prepare chemical raw materials and hydrogen from natural gas.

　　　　2. Petroleum exploration and development and enhanced oil recovery

　　　　The grading evaluation method and index system of carbonate oil and gas source rocks are established, and four distribution prediction models and two development models of marine source rocks in China superimposed basin are put forward. It is put forward that the lower limit of organic matter abundance of carbonate rocks as source rocks is TOC=0.5%, which has played an important role in the new round of oil and gas resources evaluation as a new standard of China Petroleum and China Petrochemical Company. The relationship between the structure and performance of surfactant for oil displacement is mastered from the molecular scale, and the molecular design criteria of surfactant for oil displacement are put forward for the first time. The cheap, efficient and pollution-free alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant products for oil displacement with independent intellectual property rights are designed and produced. The field test in Daqing Oilfield shows that the recovery ratio is 15-20% higher than that of water flooding, and the cost is significantly reduced. In the exploration and development of natural gas reservoirs, wavelet analysis and multi-attribute quantitative prediction methods are used for the first time to effectively predict the gas-bearing characteristics of reservoirs and improve the success rate of drilling. The research results are initially applied to the study of gas reservoir identification in Sulige gas field.

　　　　3. Research on strategic mineral resources

　　　　Around the eastern Pacific Rim metallogenic domain, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic and Late Paleozoic continental metallogenic theories were initially established, a number of new technologies and methods for prospecting and prediction were developed, and a series of target areas of large mines and large ore concentration areas were put forward, which were successively included in the preliminary risk exploration by China Geological Survey. In the area of Paleo-Tethys metallogenic domain, the geological map and structural outline map of the main collision zone of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been compiled, a new model of tectonic evolution in collision orogeny process has been preliminarily put forward, and a new theoretical framework of continental collision orogeny has been established.

　　　　4. Ecological environment

　　　　Aiming at the arid and semi-arid areas in the north, the relationship between the long-term evolution of Asian monsoon and the drought in the north and related evidence are systematically analyzed, and the integrated model of regional environmental system is established, which provides an effective tool for drought prediction and virtual experiment of "orderly human activities", and the forecast report of drought development trend has been paid attention to by relevant government departments. In the aspect of the evolution and regulation of ecological environment in the western arid area, the ecological construction and sustainable agriculture paradigm of the mountain-oasis-desert system in the northern Tianshan Mountains and the ecological division in the northwest arid area are put forward, and the technical integration of major engineering protection system construction in the desert area is established, which provides support for the protection of the Tarim desert highway and the desert section of the Xinjiang North-South Water Transfer Project. The relationship between soil quality and erosion, acidification and acid deposition, and gas exchange at soil-air interface was deeply studied, and the viewpoint that paddy field ecosystem is an environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural ecosystem in Taihu Lake area was put forward. Based on this viewpoint, the proposal of "protecting artificial wetland-paddy field in Taihu Lake basin" was adopted by Suzhou Municipal Government.

　　　　5. Prevention and control of environmental pollution

　　　　A comprehensive monitoring of air pollution in Beijing and its surrounding areas was carried out, especially the observation of air-water-soil interaction, urban building development, and the influence of U-shaped topography on the strengthening of heat island. A number of accurate quantitative results were obtained, which provided scientific basis for improving forecasting ability, pollution control decision-making, early warning of pollution and monitoring system design. It was highly evaluated by the World Meteorological Organization and was rated as one of only two pilot demonstration projects in the world.

　　　　6. Formation mechanism and prediction of harmful red tide in China’s offshore waters.

　　　　The discovery of a large-scale harmful red tide of Alexandrium in the East China Sea for the first time confirmed the important role of key physical ocean processes in the formation of red tide in the East China Sea, and initially revealed the potential harm and harm mechanism of large-scale red tide in the East China Sea. In 2005, a large-scale red tide was found in the waters with high incidence of red tide in the East China Sea, and some suggestions on red tide prevention and control were put forward for reference by relevant departments.

　　　　7. Formation mechanism and prediction of major disasters

　　　　This paper reveals the basic fact that strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland are controlled by the movement of active blocks and concentrated on the boundaries of active blocks, obtains a preliminary understanding of the process of strong earthquakes in mainland China, develops the method of medium and long-term strong earthquake prediction, and gives the prediction of strong earthquake risk areas in Chinese mainland in the next 10 years. A large-scale scientific experiment of intensive observation of rainstorm in the field was carried out, and a multi-scale physical model and a synoptic model of Meiyu front rainstorm were put forward, and a mesoscale numerical forecast model system with three-dimensional variational assimilation scheme suitable for China was developed. Based on some important climate theories, such as "Monsoon-Warm Pool -ENSO Cycle Interaction Theory" and "Atmospheric Thermal Adaptation Theory", the inter-seasonal and annual prediction experiments of climate anomalies in East Asia were carried out, and the evolution of La Nina event and the severe drought climate in North China were successfully predicted. A cross-seasonal climate numerical prediction system is proposed, and an 18-layer new atmospheric circulation numerical model framework is designed, which provides a basis for the updating of China’s climate numerical model.

　　　　(4) The level of basic research in the fields of agriculture, population and health has been significantly improved.
　　　　1. Basic research on functional genomics and molecular improvement of agricultural animals and plants.

　　　　The important gene MOC1 related to rice tillering formation was cloned for the first time. This achievement is one of the most important discoveries in the field of plant morphogenesis, especially lateral branch formation in recent years, and its application in agricultural production is of great significance to improve the yield of Gramineae crops such as rice. The BC1 gene directly involved in rice cellulose synthesis and regulation was cloned. The study showed that it was of great significance to regulate the stem and leaf strength of Gramineae plants, make efficient and rational use of plant stems and improve the utilization rate of crop resources. Successfully cloned pig FSH-β gene, which was the first in the world to be found as a major gene or genetic marker affecting the litter size of pigs. The application of this achievement greatly accelerated the breeding speed of excellent pig breeds.

　　　　2. Efficient utilization of agricultural resources

　　　　The core germplasm of rice, wheat and soybean with 5% samples representing more than 85% genetic diversity was constructed for the first time in the world, which laid an important foundation for deepening the research of germplasm resources and crop breeding in China. In the study on the interaction of gene regulation level of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, it was found that HetR, the key protein in charge of heterotopic cell development in cyanobacteria, could form dimer, which could regulate the gene expression level by combining the DNA of the target gene, and put forward a gene regulation model affecting the new nitrogen fixation efficiency, which laid a theoretical foundation for improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops. In the research of plant drought resistance mechanism, it is found that the stomatal oscillation can be caused by regulating the atmospheric water deficit. According to this principle, a stomatal oscillation drought-resistant agent was developed. Field experiments show that the crop yield in semi-arid areas with annual rainfall of about 300 mm can be 1 to 2 times higher than that in the control in large and medium drought years, which is of great significance to agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas of China.

　　　　3. Agricultural ecological security

　　　　The biotype of Bemisia tabaci in China was identified at the molecular level, the rapid molecular detection technology of Phytophthora sojae was successfully developed, and the risk of wheat dwarf smut (TCK) invading China was systematically studied, which provided scientific basis and technical support for the negotiation of wheat import and quality inspection and quarantine in China. It is found for the first time that the change of insect resistance is related to the mutation of functional sites related to acetylcholine receptor. This achievement can not only guide the development of new molecular detection technology for drug resistance, but also provide theoretical basis for drug resistance management, and at the same time provide new ideas and new ways for molecular design of efficient and safe pesticides. A class of highly active nicotine compound IPP-44 with novel structure and independent intellectual property rights was successfully developed, and the adaptive defect mechanism of point mutation D421 and AChE resistance allele related to organophosphorus and carbamate resistance was found. It is found that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has gradually acquired the ability to infect mammals, and it is proved that its pathogenicity to mice is closely related to the 701st amino acid of PB2 protein, which lays a foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanism of cross-species transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

　　　　4. Major breakthroughs have been made in the localization, cloning and functional research of disease-causing genes.

　　　　In the aspect of monogenic diseases, the essential pathogenic gene of hereditary milk Koga was cloned, and the essence of hereditary milk Koga caused by mutation of DSPP gene was clarified. The pathogenic gene of type A-1 short finger disease was cloned, and the role of IHH gene in causing human genetic diseases was clarified. The pathogenic gene of atrial fibrillation was cloned, which explained the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation caused by multiple pathway reentry. In the aspect of polygenic diseases, it was found that the susceptibility gene of nasopharyngeal carcinoma exists in the region of 4p15.1 -4q12 on human chromosome 4, which proved the genetic susceptibility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for the first time. It was found that the gene expression of primary tumor and metastatic tumor was highly consistent between liver cancer and gastric cancer, which showed that tumor metastasis had no obvious relationship with tumor size and capsule integrity, but was related to gene expression of tumor itself. The preliminary evidence that PRKCZ is a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus is provided.

　　　　5. Significant progress has been made in the treatment and research of major diseases.

　　　　Studies on the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) show that the disease has a specific chromosome heterotopic t(15; 17) PML caused? DRARα fusion protein and all-trans retinoic acid can induce APL cell differentiation, while arsenic trioxide can selectively induce apoptosis, and their targets are PML? DRARα fusion protein, clinical research shows that the application of two drugs combined with targeted therapy makes the initial APL the first curable adult leukemia, which has been widely used. Active immunotherapy for anti-tumor angiogenesis can induce autoimmune reaction against tumor angiogenesis in mice, showing anti-tumor activity, which provides a new idea for tumor vaccine development and tumor treatment.

　　　　6. Basic research on important infectious diseases

　　　　Complete the whole genome sequencing of four representative strains of Shigella dysenteriae; Determine the transmission route of HIV epidemic in China from the molecular level; The three-dimensional structure of the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS coronavirus was firstly analyzed in the world, and the precise mode of binding 3CLpro to substrate was revealed, which opened up a new way for developing drugs for preventing and treating SARS coronavirus.

　　　　7. Reproductive health

　　　　Bin1b, the first natural antimicrobial peptide gene in reproductive system, was cloned for the first time. It was found that this gene can start the movement of sperm in epididymis head, thus revealing the important cause of sperm from inactive state to active state, and providing clues for the design of male contraceptives and the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. It was found that the mutation of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene hindered the secretion of HCO3- in uterine epithelium, which affected sperm capacitation and fertilization, and revealed the infertility mechanism of this kind of patients.

　　　　8. Innovative drug research

　　　　A series of research platforms and new methods for new drug creation have been established and improved, and many candidate drug targets have been found. It is the first time in the world that CD146 molecule is selectively expressed in tumor vascular endothelial cells, which provides a new target molecule for the screening of new anti-tumor drugs. More than 80 novel enzyme, receptor and cell-level screening models, including matrix metalloproteinase Qualcomm screening and tumor angiogenesis inhibitor screening, have been established, and a number of lead compounds and candidate new drugs with new structures or novel pharmacological effects for major diseases have been found. Three new drugs, Shipulin (ZT-1) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Salvicine (Salvicine) and Lidamycin (Lidamycin), have entered clinical research. Among them, Shipulin has completed Phase II clinical trials in more than 30 hospitals in Europe, which may become a new drug for China to go global and produce remarkable economic and social benefits. Some achievements in innovative drug research have been supported by the 863 Program and major scientific and technological projects, or cooperative development relations have been established with enterprises.

　　　　9. Bone induction theory of biomedical materials

　　　 This theory has gained international recognition, clarified that biomaterials can induce bone formation, confirmed the important conditions of inducing bone formation from two aspects of materials science and biology, and established a relatively complete original bone induction theory. A new generation of osteoinductive bone developed based on this theory has obtained the production registration certificate of the State Food and Drug Administration, and more than 400 clinical trials have achieved good results.

CCTV News:On August 18th, Zhuhai New Hengqin Port was opened for four years. In the past four years, with the continuous promotion of the construction of Hengqin Guangdong-Macao deep cooperation zone and the continuous improvement of the software and hardware facilities at Hengqin Port, the personnel exchanges between Hengqin and Macao have continuously set a new record for customs clearance, and the total number of entry-exit personnel at the port has exceeded 48 million.

The reporter learned that the average daily passenger flow and traffic volume of Hengqin Port this year reached 57,000 passengers and 6,000 vehicles respectively, which doubled compared with 25,000 passengers and 2,700 vehicles four years ago. At the same time, this year, the single-day passenger flow at Hengqin Port exceeded 86,000, and the traffic volume exceeded 7,200, both of which were the highest levels since the opening of the new Hengqin Port. The high convenience of going in and out of Hengqin is gradually changing the living habits of Macao residents, and the demand of Hong Kong and Macao residents to go to Hengqin for home ownership, entrepreneurship and leisure tourism is also growing.

The deputy stationmaster of Hengqin Border Inspection Station of Zhuhai Border Inspection Station once introduced that, according to statistics, among the inbound and outbound personnel, about 39% are from the mainland who go to Australia for employment and study, about 26% are from Hong Kong and Macao residents, and about 24% are from the mainland who go to Australia. The characteristics of the people’s livelihood port of Hengqin Port "seven points for people’s livelihood and three points for tourists" are increasingly prominent.

In recent years, the infrastructure of the new Hengqin Port has been continuously improved, and the vehicle joint inspection system and the vehicle attendant inspection and release hall of five units in Guangdong and Macao, the first in China, have been launched successively, achieving highly convenient customs clearance for vehicles and vehicle attendants. At present, the customs clearance of goods and transport vehicles at Hengqin Port is being resumed in an orderly manner in stages, and the policy dividend is fully released to fully improve the efficiency of customs clearance services. At the same time, Hengqin Border Inspection Station has accelerated the construction of an intelligent car body inspection system, continuously optimized the customs clearance process of "Qin-Ao Tour Group" and "Frequent Traveler", and further created a highly convenient customs clearance environment for personnel to enter and leave.

Zeng Xiang said that since the beginning of this year, there have been more than 13 million passengers and about 1.4 million vehicles entering and leaving through Hengqin Port. It is expected that the total number of passengers entering and leaving the country will exceed 20 million and the traffic volume will exceed 2 million during the year. Facing the increasing passenger flow, Hengqin Border Inspection Station will continue to improve customs clearance services, optimize personnel customs clearance mode, and contribute border inspection wisdom to the rapid development of Qin-Macao integration.

As of August 17, the number of people entering and leaving Baiyun Port reached a five-year high this year.

The reporter learned from Baiyun Border Inspection Station that as of August 17, this year, Baiyun Border Inspection Station inspected 8.28 million entry-exit personnel, a five-year high.

With the continuous optimization of China’s visa policy for foreigners, the "circle of friends" of visa-free countries is constantly expanding. Baiyun Airport Port is the landing port of Guangdong’s 144-hour transit visa-free policy, and the Canton Fair and other activities have been held. Since this year, more than 2.46 million foreign tourists have entered and exited the Baiyun Airport Port for business travel, visiting relatives and studying, and visiting and communicating. The number of foreign tourists who entered the country through visa-free policy accounted for 28.5% of the total number of foreign tourists entering the country. Among them, more than 38,000 foreign tourists entered the country through 24/72/144-hour transit visa-free policy, up 54.2% year-on-year.

As one of the national large-scale international airport hubs, Baiyun Airport Port has a strong "flow" with obvious characteristics of "big entry and big exit", which plays an important role in promoting the exchange of Chinese and foreign personnel and promoting the development of foreign trade and economy.

According to the statistics of Baiyun Border Inspection Station, since the beginning of this year, the daily average number of people entering and leaving through Baiyun Airport Port has reached 40,000, and the peak passenger flow in a single day has exceeded 46,000. At present, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport has opened more than 80 international and regional passenger navigation points, and the total number of international and regional passenger flights entering and leaving Hong Kong exceeds 1,900 per week.

Chen Xiaoyun, deputy captain of the Eighth Team of Baiyun Border Inspection Station, said: "Since the beginning of this year, the port has opened, encrypted and restored more than 20 international and regional passenger routes from Guangzhou to Singapore and Istanbul, and will also open international passenger and cargo routes from Guangzhou to Belgrade in the near future. In order to actively respond to the rising trend of inbound and outbound passenger flow at the port, we continue to strengthen diversion guidance during peak hours, dynamically adjust channel settings, and continuously optimize the allocation of police force on duty to ensure efficient customs clearance, safety and smoothness. "

China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center: As of August 17, the number of people entering and leaving the cooperation center this year increased by 81% year-on-year.

Since August, the Sino-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center in Yili, Xinjiang has ushered in the peak of border tour, cross-border tour and shopping tourists. As of August 17, the number of people entering and leaving the cooperation center exceeded 4 million this year, up 81% year-on-year. Border shopping tour shows a booming development momentum.

According to the statistics of Horgos entry-exit frontier inspection station, since August, the number of people entering and leaving the cooperation center has exceeded 30,000, and the highest number of people in a single day is nearly 34,000. The reporter saw in the joint inspection hall of the China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Center that at present, 12 manual inspection channels and 10 quick inspection channels have all been opened. The on-site police guided tourists to enter in batches in an orderly manner to avoid congestion, and at the same time took various measures to ensure customs clearance efficiency.

Yan Kang, deputy captain of the Seventh Team of Horgos Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station, said that there are now more than 30,000 passengers entering and leaving the park every day. At the peak of passenger flow like this in the morning, the checkpoint will implement the "wrong customs clearance" measure, and open the fast inspection channel one hour in advance, effectively reducing the morning peak; In case of large-scale events and comprehensive exhibitions, the checkpoint will implement the "booking customs clearance" measure to ensure the safe and smooth customs clearance of inbound and outbound passengers to the maximum extent.

China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center is planned to be 3.43 square kilometers from China and 2.17 square kilometers from Kazakhstan. Up to now, there are more than 2,000 merchants in the China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Center alone, and there are more than 200 duty-free enterprises selling more than 1,000 kinds of goods from more than 40 countries. Visitors who enter the cooperation center can carry 8,000 yuan of duty-free goods every day.

1905 movie network news India’s annual word-of-mouth masterpiece released the poster "Against the World". hrithik roshan, the "Grand Commander", is fearless in the face of gun threats. He will fight against the world for love and show omnipotent revenge. The film is another high-burning and brain-burning Indian film to be released in China after Andhadhun. The film omnipotent is directed by Sanjay Gupta, starring hrithik roshan and yami gautam, and will be released nationwide on June 5th.

Against the world, he needs to be omnipotent.

The movie "Omnipotence" tells the story that the blind Lohan and his wife, who are both blind, came together through hardships. At the beginning of their marriage life, they suffered an accident. The sudden major changes made Lohan fall into deep sorrow, helplessness and despair, and then began a "lone ranger" type of counterattack and revenge.

In the movie "Against the World" poster, the hero Luohan, played by the Indian king hrithik roshan, is fearless in the face of gun threats, because he knows that he must have the determination to dare to fight against the world in order to help him achieve revenge. Lohan is blind. In order to live as an equal as his neighbors, he has honed his extraordinary survival skills. I never wanted to be disturbed by an arrogant criminal, forcing him to arm himself and achieve revenge independently. In the film, Lohan has many wonderful and hot action scenes. He listens to the sound to avoid the blow, the design agency captures the opponent, and changes his identity by using the voice-changing technique. As a blind person, a series of incredible god operations are particularly eye-catching.

Take over the "Andhadhun", the Indian new divine film has a clear expectation.

Andhadhun, an Indian suspense film, is being shown in China, and its box office reputation has been double bumper, which has once again triggered a movie-watching craze for China audiences, and also generated new expectations for the release of the next Indian "magic film". Omnipotence is a genre film that combines love, song and dance, suspense, crime, action and many other elements. It is a movie-watching experience full of many emotional shocks and many "unexpected" experiences. After the film was released in India, the box office rushed into the top ten of the year, surpassing many powerful rivals such as Aamir Hussain Khan, and was rated as "India’s Top Ten Films of the Year" by authoritative media.

Hrithik roshan, the leading actor in the film, has the reputation of "Grand Commander" and "Indian Superman" and has been rated as "the most handsome male star in India" for many times. The Phantom Car God 2, starring him, is very popular in India. His superb acting skills, excellent singing and dancing talents and the general appearance and figure of "Greek God" have made him a top Bollywood superstar. The release of "omnipotent" also marks the first time that the Indian king will land on the China screen and enter the China market.

　　[PConline evaluation]Among the newly released Intel and AMD processors, the author Xiao Bian found that the models with K or X suffixes are often more popular among consumers on major e-commerce platforms, but in fact Xiao Bian believes that the processor models without suffix are not as high as those with suffixes, and their performance is not as strong as theirs, but in fact they also have outstanding models. Today, let’s follow Xiaobian to learn about the charm of i7-8700, i5-8600, Ryzen 7 2700 and Ryzen 5 2600.

　　I7-8700 is the second flagship model of the 8th generation Core home platform. Compared with i7-8700K, both specifications are 6 cores and 12 threads, but the frequency setting of i7-8700 is much more conservative, with the basic frequency of 3.2GHz and the maximum turbo frequency of 6 cores of 4.3GHz. The highest core frequency of a single core is 4.6GHz, while the three frequencies of i7-8700K are 3.7GHz, 4.3GHz and 4.7GHz respectively. Thanks to the lower frequency setting, the thermal design power consumption of i7-8700 is only 65W, which is very low. So is it actually a small expert in energy saving and emission reduction? We will have related tests next.

　　The i5-8600 is the second highest rated i5 of the 8th generation Core. It is designed with 6 cores and 6 threads. Compared with the older brother i5-8600K, its basic frequency is 0.5GHz lower, only 3.1GHz, while the highest core frequency and the highest core frequency are 4.1GHz and 4.3GHz, which are consistent with the i5-8600K. Therefore, its thermal design power consumption is only 65W. Compared with i7-8700, its frequency design is more conservative, and it is believed that the power consumption will be further reduced.

　　AMD released the second-generation Ruilong in April this year, but only two processors in the second-generation Ruilong have no suffixes. One is this Ryzen 7 2700, which is also the second flagship model of the second generation Ruilong. Ryzen 7 2700 has a fundamental frequency of 3.2GHz, and the highest acceleration frequency of a single core can reach 4.1GHz, with a wide span. At the same time, its TDP is only 65W, which is very surprising for an 8-core and 16-thread processor. Another surprise is that, unlike the flagship model Ryzen 7 2700X, this processor has only 200 poor reviews on the JD.COM platform. What caused consumers to abandon it? Is it performance or price? Don’t worry, xiaobian will take you to explore the answer in the actual measurement later.

　　Ryzen 5 2600 is another processor without suffix in the second generation Ruilong, and it is also a low-power processor with TDP of only 65W. Ryzen 5 2600 is designed for 6 cores and 12 threads, and is built by Grofonde’s 12nm process. The fundamental frequency is 3.4GHz, and the highest acceleration frequency can reach 3.9GHz.

　　From the chart, we can see the detailed specifications of the four processors to be evaluated today. The models on Intel side generally have higher frequency and built-in nuclear display, while those on AMD side are cheaper and open to overclocking.

　　Next, let’s take a look at the changes of these four processors compared with the previous generation.

　　Due to the change of market competition, the 8th generation Core no longer squeezes toothpaste as before. From the table, we can simply see that the 8th generation Core has improved a lot compared with the previous generation. In the face of Ruilong’s multi-core offensive, first of all, the specifications of the 8 th generation i7 and i5 are compared with the previous generation.There are two more coresAlthough there are more cores, using the updated 14nm++ process can make more cores.The frequencies of i7-8700 and i5-8600 are slightly higher than the previous generation.At the same time, the thermal design power consumption of the processor is still maintained at 65W. In addition, the three-level cache of CPU has been increased a lot to adapt to more cores. In terms of nuclear display, i7-8700 and i5-8600 use HD630 vest nuclear display UHD630, which only improves the frequency by 0.05GHz, which is better than nothing, and the memory support is also upgraded from 2400MHz to 2666MHz.

　　Although the specifications and performance have been improved so much, the starting price of i7-8700 and i5-8600 is not much higher than that of i7-7700 and i5-7600, and now the actual price is only 200~300 yuan, so there is no price increase.The 8th generation of Core is the most conscientious generation in recent years.. A detailed technical analysis on the 8th generation Core canClick here to view past articles.

　　Unlike Intel’s 8th generation Core, which was hastily launched to cope with Ruilong, the 2nd generation Ruilong is obviously the product of AMD’s plan to iterate over the 1st generation Ruilong. The product uses GF’s 12nm process to make up for the shortcomings of the 1st generation Ruilong, but the TDP is still 65W. At the same time, the smarter Precision Boost 2 acceleration technology and XFR2 dynamic spread spectrum technology are used, which can make the core of the processor run at a higher frequency as much as possible, so that the processor is still excellent in applications with poor multi-core optimization.

　　In addition to the low frequency, another area criticized by the first generation Ryzen processor is the memory delay, so the focus of AMD optimization on Zen+ architecture is the cache and memory system. L1 cache delay is reduced by 13%, L2 cache delay is reduced by 34%, L3 cache delay is reduced by 16%, and memory cache delay is also reduced by 11%. At the same time, the frequency supported by the memory controller is improved, reaching 2933MHz.

　　These targeted improvements have greatly improved the second generation Ruilong compared with the first generation Ruilong and made it more mature in more applications. Want to know the detailed technical analysis of the second generation Ruilong canClick here to view past articles..

　　After comparing the improvement of these four processors compared with the previous generation, let’s enter the actual measurement link.

　　As usual, go to the test platform first.

　　In order to make the test results more objective, in addition to the motherboard and processor,We are consistent with other accessories, and the motherboard also uses ROG HERO series motherboards from ASUS, and all of them use the latest BIOS..

AMD platform

　
Willamette

　　In terms of memory, because the highest frequency that the two platforms officially claim to support is different, the memory frequency of the two platforms is not the same.It is 2933MHz on AMD platform and 2666MHz on Intel platform.

　　Memory We use the flame gun memory optimized by Zhiqi for Ryzen. When X.M.P is turned on, it can easily reach the frequency of 3200MHz, and the adaptability of the memory is also very good.

　　When testing, the motherboard BIOS is set to the full default optimal state, and then the memory frequency is changed, and other options remain unchanged.

　　Let’s first test the theoretical performance of the processor. The following tests can detect the processor in different ways.manyThreaded computing performance and single-threaded computing performance.

　　Fritz Chess Benchmark is called chess software in Chinese. You can know your processor’s computing performance by measuring the number of chess steps calculated by the processor per second.

　　WPrime is a software that tests the computing power of computers by calculating prime numbers, and has been widely used in the performance testing of processors all over the world.

　　CPU-Z is a well-known CPU detection software, and it is the most used software to detect CPU. Its own Benchmark can accurately judge the multi-core performance and single-core performance of CPU.The version of CPU-Z adopted this time is 1.85..

　　3Dmark is a software specially designed for measuring the performance of graphics cards by futuremark Company, and it has released 3Dmark99, 3Dmark2001, 3Dmark2003, 3Dmark2005, 3Dmark2006, 3Dmark vantage, 3Dmark 11 and The new 3DMark. Now, 3Dmark is not only a software to measure the performance of graphics cards, but has gradually turned into a software to measure the performance of the whole machine. 3DMark’s test physical score can be basically calculated.Actual game performance of CPU.

　　Summary of CPU theory test:The results of this evaluation are also consistent with the previous evaluation results of Ryzen and Core para-processors. Ryzen is superior in multi-thread testing because of the higher specification of para-processors, and Core processor is stronger in single-thread testing because of its higher frequency.

　　Breakdown, in the comparison between Ryzen 7 2700 and i7-8700, i7-8700 won the chess operation and CPU-Z single-thread test, while Ryzen 7 2700 gained the advantage in the other three tests, and there was not much difference between them in the test, which can be described as a tie, diamond cut diamond.

　　In the comparison between Ryzen 5 2600 and i5-8600, because Ryzen 5 2600 has six more threads than i5-8600, four of the five theoretical tests have won, and most of them have a big lead.

　　Now that the theoretical performance of the processors is known, what is the working efficiency of these four processors in practical application? Next, Xiao Bian will test the performance of the processor in practical application with the software that everyone will use in life.

　　CineBench R15 is a convincing test system for CPU and graphics card. The Cinema 4D special effects software engine developed for film and television industry is used to test a 3D scene picture with high precision, which can support up to 256 logic cores. In addition, the new version also strengthens the investigation of shaders, anti-aliasing, shadows, lighting and reflection blur, and the detection of CPU performance is more accurate.

　　WinRAR is one of the most commonly used compression software. You all know how high it requires the performance of the CPU. The stronger the performance of the CPU, the faster it is pressed and the shorter it takes.

　　Let’s compress a 2.66GB file and see how much time they take.

　　X264 FHD Benchmark can effectively test the floating-point operation performance of CPU and the actual file-changing ability of multimedia audio and video.

　　The testing significance of POV-Ray is similar to that of CineBench R15, and it also represents the 3D rendering performance of CPU. The more pixels rendered per second, the stronger the performance.

　　Video export, like WinRAR above, consumes huge CPU resources, and friends who specialize in video have extremely strong demand for this performance. We will let them export the same video, with the same video parameters and total recording time. There will be two export formats, one is the H.264 format which is more commonly used and should be the most widely used, and the other is the H.265 format which is more efficient in updating compression but has less application scope.

　　Summary of professional software testing:Generally speaking, in the professional application software test, the four processors have their own advantages and disadvantages in the comparison, which is equally divided.

　　To break it down, let’s first look at the comparison between i7-8700 and Ryzen 7 2700. When using CPU for 3D rendering, Ryzen processor will have a greater advantage because there are more cores and threads. Although i7-8700 is stronger in single-core rendering, no one actually uses only one core for rendering, so this project is of little significance. In the aspect of audio and video transcoding, there is not much difference between them when exporting video to H264 code, and i7-8700 is slightly stronger, but i7-8700 has an overwhelming advantage when exporting H.265 code, because in the latest version of X265 decoder, Intel’s native AVX 256-bit instructions are fully optimized, while Ryzen series processors do not have the native AVX 256 instruction set. It must be split into two 128-bit instructions for execution, so the efficiency is much lower. We can see that even the i5-8600 hangs Ryzen 7 2700 in this test. In other tests, there is not much difference between the two.

　　In the comparison between i5-8600 and Ryzen 5 2600, it presents another situation, which is the same as the theoretical test result, because Ryzen 5 2600 has twice as many threads as i5-8600, and it has the upper hand in most application tests, except the H.265 transcoding mentioned above.

　　Therefore, when you buy a processor, you should look at what you will often use in your daily use. If it is 3D rendering, it is wise to choose Ryzen processor. If you often need video transcoding, i7-8700 is obviously a better choice.

　　Of course, the CPU test is inseparable from the game performance. Tomb Raider 10, Wizard 3: wild hunt, Whole Territory Blockade and Ghost Action: Wilderness are selected for the project, all of which have 1080P resolution and the highest special effects. The colorful iGame1080 Flame God of War is selected for the graphics card to ensure that the graphics card will not become a test bottleneck at 1080p resolution.

　　Summary of CPU game performance test;We can clearly see that the optimization of multi-threading in 3A masterpieces is still not very good. The performance of i7-8700 and i5-8600 is not much different, and so are Ryzen 7 2700 and Ryzen 5 2600.

　　Therefore, with higher frequency and stronger ipc, the 8th generation Core won the game performance test, but the gap between the four processors is very small.

　　Since it is impossible to test the power consumption of a certain hardware separately, the following are all the power consumption of the whole machine, which are three application scenarios. The game is fully loaded with the peak power consumption of the whole machine in the process of Tomb Raider 10》Benchmark, while the CPU is fully loaded with Prime95 running FPU baking machine test and the graphics card is empty.

　　In order to ensure the stable operation of the whole machine, we use the MVP P850 power supply of Hangjia, which has passed the 80PLUS white gold medal certification and is located at the top of the power pyramid.

　　We can see that the power consumption of Core is obviously higher than that of Ruilong. After all, the frequency of Core is also higher. Intel will officially set the maximum core frequency and the maximum core frequency of a single core, from which we can know that the full core frequency of i7-8700 is 4.3GHz and that of i5-8600 is 4.1GHz when the CPU is fully loaded.

I5-8600 baking machine

　　The same is true in the actual baking machine, but we can still see some problems. Why is the power consumption of Ryzen 5 2600 higher than that of Ryzen 7 2700? This is actually related to the processor frequency. So what’s the frequency of baking machine in Ryzen processor?

Ryzen 7 2700 baking machine

Ryzen 5 2600 baking machine

　　We can clearly see that the full-core frequency of Ryzen 7 2700 roaster is 3.425GHz, while that of Ryzen 5 2600 roaster is 3.675GHz, which is 0.25GHz higher than that of Ryzen 5 2600, so it is not surprising that the power consumption is relatively high. Therefore, we can draw two conclusions. One is that the accelerated frequency policy of Ryzen 7 2700 will be more conservative than that of Ryzen 5 2600. The other is that for the second generation Ryzen processor, the increase of frequency is more likely to cause the increase of power consumption than the increase of core.

　　In the choice of radiator, in order not to reduce the frequency of the processor, we use the relatively high-end air-cooled overclocking three Donghai hegemony. The radiator is a 6-heat pipe dual-fan radiator, and theoretically four processors with TDP of only 65W should be enough. Let’s take a look at the temperature performance of the four processors under this radiator. The room temperature was 25 degrees Celsius during the test.

　　With the same radiator, the Ryzen 7 2700 with the most cores but the lowest frequency has the best performance. No wonder Acer has stuffed the Ryzen 7 2700 into the notebook, and the excellent temperature performance of Ryzen 7 2700 and Ryzen 5 2600 is also very suitable for DIYer to buy them to assemble high-performance ITX hosts. Let’s take a look at Intel again. Although the thermal design power consumption of the i5-8600 and the i7-8700 is 65W, it can be seen that the temperature difference between them is quite obvious. The performance of the i5-8600 is still normal, while the i7-8700 has a core-wide maximum frequency of 4.3GHz consistent with the i7-8700K, and the temperature reaches a relatively high of 87.Therefore, users who choose i7-8700 should pay attention not to neglect the purchase of radiator just because its thermal design power consumption is only 65W..

　　Based on the above performance tests, including 16 tests of theoretical performance, professional application performance and game performance, we can get the following comprehensive performance ranking chart.

　　I7-8700 won the battle between the second generation Ruilong and the eighth generation Core flagship with a slight advantage, while Ryzen 5 2600 helped the second generation Ruilong regain a city. Of course, our tests in this paper are all carried out at the default frequency, while Ryzen series processors are all frequency-unlocked. In the previous first test of the second generation Ruilong, we have tested that the overclocking ceiling of the second generation Ruilong is between 4.2 and 4.3 GHz, and the performance of Ryzen processor after overclocking is also acceptable.Click here to view past articles..

　　This is the ranking of the four processors in this paper in our new version of PConline CPU ladder diagram. The above picture is a brand-new interactive CPU ladder diagram released by PConline, which includes linked e-commerce price, related original articles, parameter comparison, ranking comparison and performance comparison. Users who need it will collect it soon, and there will be ladder diagrams such as graphics cards and notebook processors released one after another in the future.

　　The PC side canClick here to jump.

　　On the mobile side.Click here to jump.

　　Let’s summarize the situation at Intel first. Because i7-8700 has the same full-core turbo performance as i7-8700K, the performance difference between them at the default frequency will not be very big. Moreover, due to the rising specifications of the 8th generation i7, the heat and power consumption are relatively high. In other words, the cost of overclocking i7-8700K on the radiator, power supply and motherboard will be relatively high. For consumers who are not very keen on the ultimate performance, i7-8700 that can be used with B360 motherboard is undoubtedly a better choice.

　　As for the i5-8600, because of its high pricing, its performance will not be very outstanding compared with Ryzen 5 2600 or its younger brother i5-8500/8400, and its power consumption is also high, and its temperature is high. Xiaobian thinks that the purchase value of this processor is relatively low.

　　On the AMD side, we can see from the above evaluation that Ryzen 7 2700, the sub-flagship, actually has its own advantages in comparison with the 8th generation Core sub-flagship i7-8700, so why is its sales volume so low? This can only blame its big brother Ryzen 7 2700X. Ryzen 7 2700X has stronger performance, and a new belief RGB ghost radiator is presented, but it is only 200 yuan more expensive than Ryzen 7 2700, and most consumers will choose the flagship Ryzen 7 2700X with higher standards. Nevertheless, we can still see an outstanding advantage of Ryzen 7 2700, that is, excellent temperature and power consumption performance, which will be particularly prominent in notebooks or when building ITX hosts. We can expect more manufacturers to directly put this processor into notebooks in the future. However, there are only a few consumers with this demand. We can also foresee that if AMD does not further adjust the price of Ryzen 7 2700, the audience of Ryzen 7 2700 will be very small for a long time to come, and the sales volume will not change much.

The radiators of Ryzen 7 2700 and Ryzen 5 2600 are different, and the materials are better.

　　As for the Ryzen 5 2600, it has gained the upper hand compared with the i5-8600, and it also has certain advantages in temperature and power consumption. More importantly, the Ryzen 5 2600X, which is 200 yuan more expensive than it, does not give away the temptation to believe in the RGB ghost radiator, so this processor has a fair sales volume. When it comes to overclocking, Ryzen 5 2600 can easily exceed 4,0GHz, but whether it can exceed 4,2GHz depends on the face. Although it is 200 yuan cheaper than Ryzen 5 2600X, the highest acceleration frequency of Ryzen 5 2600X single core can reach 4.2GHz. If the temperature and power consumption are not too high, Xiao Bian still recommends everyone to buy Ryzen 5 2600X.

　　In the choice of Ruilong and Core processors, it is necessary to choose according to the needs of the readers. For example, it is more wise for netizens who often use 3D renderers who are very concerned about the temperature of power consumption or to use Ryzen 7 2700 or Ryzen 5 2600 naturally, but for consumers who often need video transcoding, especially H.265 format transcoding, it is more efficient to use i7-8700. Of course, what we discuss in this paper is based on the price of JD.COM’s self-operated platform on July 13th. If the original price of i7-8700 is three or four hundred more expensive than that of Ryzen 7 2700X, its purchase value will be greatly reduced.

　　Cctv newsAccording to "Tianjin Hexi" WeChat WeChat official account news, the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of Hexi District reported on September 12 that at present, the situation of epidemic prevention and control in the whole country is still severe and complicated. Hexi District is located in the bustling area of this city, and people are highly mobile. In order to effectively reduce the risk of epidemic spread, safeguard the life safety and health of the broad masses of people, and ensure that there is no local large-scale epidemic around the "National Day", from September 13, 2022, the nucleic acid test will be negative for 72 hours in the whole region. The relevant information is hereby notified as follows:

　　I. Scope of inspection

　　Personnel entering all organs, enterprises and institutions in the district, tourist attractions, commercial buildings, supermarkets, vegetable markets and other crowded places; Migrant workers staying in hotels, hotels and other places and all residential areas.

　　Second, the inspection method

　　It is recommended to use the "Tianjin Digital Epidemic Prevention" APP to produce a 72-hour negative nucleic acid test certificate. Old people and children without smart phones can be assisted to inquire about the test results after their families are bound by the "Tianjin Digital Epidemic Prevention" APP. If there is no escort, they can download and print the test results in advance or register their identity information on site before entering.

　　Iii. Inspection requirements　

　　All kinds of public places should strictly implement the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control, urge the employees of this unit to take the initiative to participate in nucleic acid testing, and set up special personnel to check the negative certificate of nucleic acid testing within 72 hours. Residents of this community enter and leave the community with their "pass" (the health code of those who have not participated in nucleic acid screening within 72 hours is given "yellow code"). When migrant workers enter the community, please actively cooperate with the personnel on duty for inspection. All kinds of personnel entering residential areas and various public places must strictly implement epidemic prevention and control measures such as scanning codes, wearing masks and preventing gathering.

　　CCTV News:On August 29th, the website of Shenyang Municipal Government reported that the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of COVID-19 in Shenyang announced that at present, many cases of people with abnormal nucleic acid test results were found in the regional nucleic acid screening in Shenyang. In order to resolutely and effectively block the spread of the epidemic, effectively protect people’s life safety and health, and reduce the risk of epidemic spread caused by the flow and gathering of people, the relevant measures for strict epidemic prevention and control are hereby announced as follows:

　　First, strict prevention and control measures during regional nucleic acid detection

　　From 0: 00 on August 30 to 24: 00 on September 5, the city continuously carried out regional nucleic acid testing.

　　1. All the people living in Shenyang, before sampling, remain relatively static in their places of residence. According to the unified deployment of the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of each district, county (city) and the organizational arrangement of streets (towns) and communities (villages), nucleic acid testing will be carried out in an orderly manner, and no one will be missed. Only after participating in the nucleic acid sampling can people go to work, go to school and arrange necessary travel.

　　2. The citizens should consciously obey the community (village) organization and on-site management, do personal protection throughout the process, keep a distance of more than 1.5 meters with others, and do not cut in line, talk or gather.

　　3. From now on, the effective time limit of "Liaoshitong" health code will be adjusted from 72 hours to 48 hours. Those who fail to participate in nucleic acid testing within the prescribed time limit will be given a "yellow code" for their health code, and those who cause the spread of the epidemic will be held accountable according to law.

　　4. Shopping malls, supermarkets, hotels, scenic spots, farmers’ markets and other public places with dense personnel, closed space and prone to cluster epidemics shall strictly implement the epidemic prevention and control requirements such as limited quantity and peak shifting, and the number of customers accepted shall not exceed 50% of the maximum carrying capacity.

　　5. Closed public places such as theaters, bath centers, massage parlors, beauty salons, gymnasiums, chess rooms, secret rooms, entertainment halls, cultural centers (stations), Internet cafes, indoor scenic spots, KTV, dance halls, discos, performance venues, and direct sales experience venues are temporarily closed; Night markets, flower and bird markets, and large rural gatherings will be closed in the morning and evening; Restaurants Restaurants are suspended from eating.

　　6. Party and government organs, enterprises and institutions at all levels shall implement "two points and one line", fully implement measures such as nucleic acid detection and health monitoring, and urge them to go to the nearest fever clinic for investigation if abnormal symptoms are found. Advocate qualified citizens to work at home as much as possible and reduce the flow of people.

　　7 welfare institutions, pension institutions, mental health institutions, public security and judicial administrative supervision institutions and other temporary closed management, stop unnecessary visits.

　　8. Primary and secondary schools, kindergartens and off-campus training institutions temporarily stop offline teaching.

　　9. All kinds of public transport vehicles must be disinfected and ventilated, and the drivers and passengers should strictly protect themselves and conduct nucleic acid testing in accordance with industry regulations. Take public transport must strictly check the "four-piece set" (code scanning, temperature measurement, wearing a mask, negative proof of 48-hour nucleic acid test), and the passengers in the car shall not exceed 50% of the rated passenger capacity.

　　10. The city’s long-distance buses and tourist chartered buses (excluding those returning to other cities) are suspended from operation, and the buses and subways (light rail) in the nine urban areas of the city are operating normally during the morning and evening peak hours (6: 00 to 8: 30, 16: 30 to 19: 00), and the interval between vehicles during the peak hours is doubled as that during the daily peak hours.

　　11. Carefully organize large-scale meetings, forums, exhibitions, sales promotions and other personnel gathering activities. If it can be postponed, it will be postponed, and if it can be online, it will be online. In accordance with the principle of "who sponsors who is responsible and who approves who is responsible", the requirements for epidemic prevention and control will be strictly implemented.

　　12. If the wedding is postponed, the funeral is simple, and the banquet is not held, to reduce the gathering time and control the number of people, the participants must strictly implement the "four-piece set".

　　13. Advocate the general public in the city not to leave Shen unless it is necessary. Those who really need to leave Shen must hold a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours and travel with the green code of "Liaoshitong Health Code".

　　District and county (city) epidemic prevention and control headquarters can formulate specific prevention and control programs in combination with the actual situation.

　　Second, strict normalization of epidemic prevention and control key measures

　　1. Strictly implement the "active filing". Before arriving in Shenyang, all foreign (returning) Shen personnel should download the "Grand Event Link" App, search for "Grand Event Link" by WeChat applet or scan the QR code of "Self-reported by Shen personnel", complete self-reported to local communities (villages) and units one day in advance, report to local communities (villages) and units as soon as they arrive in Shenyang, and implement various control measures according to requirements. The community (village) should do a good job in service to ensure the living needs of residents.

　　2. Strictly "check on landing". At airports, railway stations, passenger stations, highways and other entry channels, they will be reported for inspection, and "landing" nucleic acid testing will be conducted free of charge.

　　3. Strictly implement classified control measures. Strictly implement classified control measures such as centralized isolation, home isolation, home health monitoring and nucleic acid detection for those who come (return) to Shenyang in high, medium and low risk areas outside the territory.

　　4. In high-risk areas, people who really need to go out for medical treatment should be coordinated and arranged by communities (villages) and streets (towns), and a special car should be used for personal protection and closed-loop management.

　　5. In the medium-risk area, "people don’t leave the area and take things at the wrong peak". For those who really need to go out for medical treatment, the community (village) will issue a certificate and make a good audit and registration.

　　6. In low-risk areas, "personal protection, avoiding gathering" shall be implemented, and during the period, going out as little as possible, not gathering, not getting together, and doing personal protection when going out; Strictly implement measures such as booking, peak shifting, current limiting, temperature measurement, registration and wearing masks when entering indoor public places.

　　7. All kinds of units, institutions, public places, residential areas, "nine small places" and other comprehensive applications of "place code" to achieve global coverage, everything must be swept; Strictly check the "four-piece set" for all personnel entering.

　　8. All pharmacies should register the personnel who buy antipyretic, antitussive, antiviral, antibiotic, cold and other drugs with their real names.

　　Third, strictly compact the "four-party responsibility"

　　We will further tighten the "four-party responsibility" of the territories, departments, units and individuals, and strictly implement various prevention and control measures such as "four-piece inspection", reporting of personnel coming (returning) to Shenyang, inspection on landing, site code, employee monitoring and daily ventilation and disinfection in accordance with the requirements of epidemic prevention and control. Places, units and individuals that fail to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control and fail to implement the "four-party responsibility" according to regulations shall be dealt with severely according to law.

　　Citizens and friends, in the face of severe and complicated epidemic situation, let’s tighten the string of epidemic prevention and control together, always do personal protection, adhere to good living habits such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, often ventilating, using public chopsticks, consciously abide by various epidemic prevention regulations, protect ourselves and defend the city, and love and protect the city as home!

　　This circular shall come into force as of the date of promulgation, and shall be adjusted as the epidemic situation changes.

　　Shoulder-to-shoulder queue, the booming catering industry … … With the optimization and adjustment of epidemic prevention and control policies, offline consumption scenes such as restaurants and restaurants have been restored in an orderly manner, driving related consumption to pick up. According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics recently, from January to February 2023, the national catering revenue increased by 9.2% year-on-year.

　　Food and beverage consumption demand has been greatly released.

　　Recently, "one table is hard to find" has become a common feeling for many consumers to eat. At the Chaoshan beef shop in Beijing Road, Guangzhou, the "Chaofa" has a long queue, and there are dozens of tables waiting at 6 pm. By the weekend, the average daily number of this store is nearly 1,000 tables. The waiter trotted to serve food and shouted, "It seems that the guests can’t finish receiving it recently."

　　Passenger flow recovery promotes turnover growth. From January to February, 2023, the brands owned by Beijing Huatian increased by about 12% year-on-year. Among them, Tongheju Restaurant and Xinchuan Noodle Restaurant increased by more than 20% year-on-year. In particular, the sales of Tongheju Restaurant and Eryouju in February have exceeded 2019 and returned to normal levels.

　　In order to help the catering industry recover, from January to February, Beijing, Shenzhen and Hangzhou issued special coupons for catering, with obvious results. According to the data of Meituan, after Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Dongguan and other cities issued coupons, the year-on-year growth rate of food consumption in restaurants reached double digits. In addition to issuing consumer vouchers, many local governments have also introduced policies to further optimize the business environment, including supporting outbound operations and launching "catering loan" financial products.

　　The "small" of catering reflects the "big" of development. According to the analysis of China Cuisine Association, from January to February, 2023, the growth rate of national catering revenue and catering revenue of units above designated size increased by 0.3 percentage points and 0.1 percentage points respectively compared with the same period of last year. From January to February this year, the national catering revenue accounted for 10.9% of the total retail sales of consumer goods, which was 5.7 percentage points higher than the total retail sales of consumer goods.

　　The relevant person in charge of the China Cuisine Association believes that from January to February, driven by the Spring Festival holiday and the policy of helping enterprises, the demand for catering consumption was greatly released, and the catering market rebounded significantly, which made a good start for the development of the whole year and played a "catalyst" role in boosting consumer confidence in 2023.

　　Customers dine in the Wuyi Hotel in Xi ‘an. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Jiaxu photo

　　New kinetic energy "combustion-supporting" catering market

　　Potted vegetables and quick-frozen vegetables … … Guangzhou Restaurant accelerated the research and development of new prefabricated dishes and product upgrading, and the revenue of quick-frozen food was once the company’s second largest source of income. The White Paper on the Development of Prefabricated Vegetable Industry in China in 2022 shows that the scale of prefabricated vegetable market in China will reach 419.6 billion yuan in 2022, up by 21.3% year-on-year, and it is estimated that the market scale will exceed one trillion yuan in 2026.

　　Cheng Gang, secretary-general of Guangdong Food and Beverage Service Association, believes that due to the epidemic, people’s consumption behaviors and habits have changed, and many catering entities are "looking for opportunities in danger". Some actively adjust their business methods, including innovating catering products such as prefabricated vegetables, strengthening industrial cross-border integration, overlapping emerging consumption elements, expanding business space, optimizing brand experience and cognition, and finally enhancing consumer trust to activate the market, so as to achieve more stable, sustainable and virtuous development.

　　Including live broadcast, short video, digital channels and social sharing functions to help stimulate consumer demand, attract more passengers and stimulate catering consumption. "We enhance the brand’s popularity by planning videos such as the Fat Story Collection and the food recommendation official shop." Chai Biao, chairman of Feifei Shrimp Village, said that 70% to 80% of the passenger flow in some stores comes from the network platform.

　　More time-honored brands try cross-border innovation, combining eating and drinking with tourism, performance, entertainment, shopping and other formats, and enriching the consumption experience with diverse new scenes. In Shaanxi, there are more and more tourists in Yi Sushe Cultural District of Xi ‘an, which integrates Shaanxi opera performance, time-honored food and new retail of the country. Xi’ an restaurant head office lets customers immerse themselves in the local food culture through the Shaanxi cuisine culture experience museum; Time-honored enterprises turned into "convenience community canteens" and opened a new model of community chain.

　　Jin Wenping, secretary of the Party Committee and chairman of Xi ‘an Catering Co., Ltd. said that the opening of a new chapter of diversified development by time-honored brands is the epitome of the market-oriented reform and exploration of the catering industry with consumer demand as a breakthrough, which is conducive to promoting the development of the industry and enhancing the social and economic benefits of the brand.

　　New measures to stabilize industry confidence

　　"Give priority to restoring and expanding consumption", "Enhance consumption capacity, improve consumption conditions and innovate consumption scenarios" … … We will implement the requirements of the Central Economic Work Conference, and all localities will further clarify policies and stabilize expectations.

　　The policy of benefiting enterprises and benefiting the people continued to increase, boosting food and beverage consumption. For example, Beijing holds a variety of catering activities to promote consumption; Guangzhou has successively introduced catering support policies, with a maximum reward of 1 million yuan for transformed and upgraded catering enterprises and 2 million yuan for enterprises with increased turnover; Wenzhou has introduced ten measures to boost the confidence of catering industry development around reducing the institutional cost of catering industry access.

　　The main body of the catering industry is more confident and the investment layout is accelerated. Not long ago, at the China (Guangzhou) Catering Industry Development Conference and Investment and Financing Cooperation and Exchange Exhibition, hundreds of catering enterprises proposed nearly 1,000 brand catering investment projects, including Guangdong cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Shandong cuisine and other major domestic cuisines, as well as Japanese cuisine, Southeast Asian cuisine, Central Asian cuisine and other international flavors, with an investment of more than 3 billion yuan.

　　Zhang Yi, the person in charge of Ai Media Consulting, a third-party research institution, said that the expansion of the catering industry shows that confidence has gradually recovered, diversified and tends to middle and high-end projects. The catering industry pursues higher quality brand development and provides better services for consumers.

　　"From banquets, dinners, business receptions, prepared dishes and other aspects, we can see the signal of rapid recovery of the catering industry. New models, new channels and new technologies are constantly emerging, promoting the development of the catering industry to multiple formats and quality. " Chen Jianqi, vice president of Shaanxi Cooking and Catering Industry Association, said that it is also necessary to pay attention to the low threshold, intensified industry competition, low overall profit rate and increasing cost of raw materials and services. Therefore, it is necessary to make further efforts in specialization and industrialization to improve competitiveness.

　　Insiders said that in order to accelerate the comprehensive and steady recovery of the catering industry, it is necessary to continuously improve policy support and guidance, introduce policies to help and promote consumption that are more in line with enterprise needs and market expectations, guide the cultivation of leading enterprises and leading talents, and rationalize the industrial layout. At the same time, it is necessary to promote development and anti-waste, to innovate products and to keep the bottom line of food safety. (Reporter Ding Le, Ning Ji, Cai Xinyi, Li Jiaxu)

　　Beijing, June 15th (Reporter Qiu Yu) The last legal holiday in the first half of this year — — Dragon Boat Festival is coming!

　　The college entrance examination is over, the graduation season is here, and the World Cup has begun. This small holiday, is it necessary to let go of yourself?

　　If you plan to travel, you can collect this guide, which will make you have fun and worry-free, and avoid crowds.

　　First of all, people who travel in go on road trip or by bus should pay attention:

　　Dragon boat festival holiday,High speed is not free..

　　Say it again,Normal highway toll collection during Dragon Boat Festival.

　　Trend of congestion during the national high-speed Dragon Boat Festival. Source: 2018 Dragon Boat Festival National Highway Network Travel Forecast Report issued by the Ministry of Communications in conjunction with other institutions.

　　If you want to avoid the headache traffic jam, pay attention to the following peak hours:

　　Ministry of communications estimatesJune 16th is the peak of travel.,9: 00 am to 12: 00 am on the same day is the peak travel time; Especially from 10: 00 to 11: 00, the congestion degree is the highest.

　　June 18th is the peak of return trip.,On the same day, 15: 00 -21: 00 pm was the peak time of return trip, and the peak appeared at 16: 00 -17: 00.

　　Which highway sections are prone to congestion?

　　It is estimated that the highways with high traffic flow include: Hebei section of Jingcheng Expressway, Beijing section and Hebei section of Daguang Expressway, Guangdong section of Guanfo Expressway, Hunan section of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, Jiangsu section, Shanghai section and Zhejiang section of Shenhai Expressway.

　　The expressway around the city with high traffic volume includes: Guangzhou Ring Road, Chengdu Ring Road, Shanghai Ring Road and Hangzhou Ring Road Expressway.

　　Provincial congestion during the Dragon Boat Festival. Source: 2018 Dragon Boat Festival National Highway Network Travel Forecast Report issued by the Ministry of Communications in conjunction with other institutions.

　　The Ministry of Communications predicts that,The high-incidence areas of expressway network in provinces are mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and other areas with strong traffic demand or concentrated self-driving tourism.

　　Some people choose to travel by high-speed rail. Have you grabbed the tickets for the following popular routes?

　　Meituan Travel Big Data shows that during the Dragon Boat Festival, the demand for high-speed rail travel is mostly in the province, and the top three popular routes are Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Chengdu-Chongqing and Hefei-Lu ‘an.

　　Jingzhou-Wuhan, Beijing-Tianjin, Chengdu-Xi ‘an, Chengdu-Mianyang, Shenzhen-Xiamen, Wuhan-Yichang and Wuhan-Xiangyang high-speed rail lines are also very popular.

　　Small partners who want to fly can also find cheap air tickets in relatively "unpopular" places.

　　Ctrip data shows thatFly to Fuzhou, Kunming, Guiyang, Quanzhou and overseas destinations such as Sydney and Singapore, and the ticket price is nearly half cheaper than last year’s Dragon Boat Festival.Come and pick up the leak!

　　On the contrary, Beijing, Chengdu and Xi ‘an have become the top three popular destinations in China. It is difficult to see tickets with a discount of less than 20% during hot hours, and some flights only have full-price tickets in economy class.

　　By the way, this year’s Dragon Boat Festival is different from the past, because there is an important event — — World Cup.

　　According to Ctrip data, during the small holiday,The destination with the most obvious price increase is Russia, the host of the 2018 World Cup, with the increase of more than 30% compared with the group and free travel routes.

　　However, the enthusiasm of China tourists has not diminished. During the World Cup, the number of Ctrip Russian tour groups has increased by 60%.

　　In addition, the weather is also a key factor in the journey.

　　According to the forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory,During the Dragon Boat Festival holiday, there will be a strong rainfall process in the eastern part of southwest China, the lower reaches of Hanshui River and the north-central part of the south of the Yangtze River. There will be heavy rain in some areas and heavy rain in the local area, accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term thunderstorms or hail.

　　If you want to travel to these places, you’d better prepare rain gear in advance.

　　Refer to the above information, make a good travel plan, and wish you a beautiful Dragon Boat Festival holiday.

　　Finally, I will tell you quietly that it will be more than three months before the next legal holiday is over after this small holiday. So, cherish the holiday and have fun.

Yang Jianfei: Computational Medicine Promotes Accurate Clinical Trials.

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Yang Jianfei, Chief Scientific Officer of Zheyuan Technology

Computational medicine needs to be composed of interdisciplinary teams and platforms. By integrating supercomputing system, AI platform, molecular and clinical data, massive literature and biological information, it can realize effective analysis and calculation of drug development and assist decision-making.

Taking an anti-tumor drug in our pipeline as an example, we read all the literatures of the target disease by using the "TWIRLS stick" of the computational medicine platform, first we have all the scientific knowledge known on the earth at present, and then we analyze the digital twins of patients in the patient database in a data-driven way to obtain the disease mechanism, specific targets and "portraits" of patients.

As we all know, the tumor is heterogeneous in time and space, and the immune system around the tumor is particularly complex. Therefore, only by having an accurate "portrait" of the patient’s tumor and accompanying diagnosis can we enter the stage of accurate clinical trials.

Through the computational medical platform, we established the response mechanism model of CDK4/6 inhibitor, and the effectiveness of this model was verified by the data of TCGA and Chinese patients. Then we put this drug currently used to treat breast cancer on the computational medical platform to study whether it has other applicable diseases. It was found that the model score of chordoma was very high, so we established cooperation with shanghai changzheng hospital and saw that some patients achieved partial remission in the third week after taking the drug. Although this drug has not yet entered the clinical trial stage, as long as it is carried out in accordance with the norms of computational medicine platform, we are confident to achieve truly accurate clinical trials.

Peng Ao: Behind the clinical success rate from 2% to 21%

Peng Ao, Project Management Team Leader of Pfizer China Product Line

The efficiency of Pfizer’s new drug research and development has increased from 2% to 21%. I think we can sum up three experiences. First, accurate positioning, clear their own specific advantages in the field of biology. Pfizer currently focuses on internal medicine, immunity and inflammation, oncology drugs and vaccines. Second, choose the drug mode. At present, more complex and novel molecular entities account for more and more in our pipelines. Thirdly, the decision-making adheres to two principles. First, quantitative POM analysis is carried out in the first and second phase of the experiment, which can help the success rate of the second phase reach 40%; The second is to plan again. If the first direction of clinical research and development fails, then we will transform it and try again in another direction. If there is a very clear biological basis, our success rate can reach 31%.

Ertuglifozin is a SGLT-2 hypoglycemic agent, and a large number of technologies and methods related to computational medicine are used in its research and development, including systematic pharmacological model and Emax Model. Using this model, the highest hypoglycemic effect of the drug can reach 77%. Meta-analysis shows that the drug has the highest hypoglycemic level among similar products. This is a typical case of using model or computational medicine to guide drug research and development.

The US Food and Drug Administration has begun to build a framework for digital health tools. I believe that after the introduction of the framework, the guiding principles of the corresponding rules will also be introduced, which will guide the application of some new drug research and development more specifically and deeply.

Tang Yu: The insights generated by computational medicine need to be verified clinically.

Tang Yu, Executive Director of the Office of Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, Cancer Hospital, China Academy of Medical Sciences

Computational medicine has produced a large number of insights by analyzing massive data, but how to prove that these insights are authentic and can be used in clinical practice through clinical trials?

The first case is to verify the specific answer given by computational medicine to a specific problem, such as verifying whether the first innovative drug under the guidance of AI can treat pancreatic cancer. The second is based on massive data to verify whether the treatment mode formulated by AI for individual patients or groups is better.

In the course of such an experiment, we need to consider several issues:

First, the consistency of the AI model. When we want to prove that an algorithm or an AI-based paradigm can guide medical care, we must ensure the consistency of the paradigm and not make it change irregularly.　

Second, it is necessary to consider whether there is an accessible clinical treatment for a class of patients with more concentrated biological characteristics found by AI model. If there is no targeted treatment, although this model can guide the prognosis of patients, it is difficult to change the existing treatment methods.

Finally, establish a model that can not only explain the results, but also explain the mechanism, so as to better combine human wisdom with the wisdom of computer based on data integration.

At present, we are carrying out an umbrella research design, focusing on soft tissue sarcoma. Although the overall incidence of the disease is not high, there are nearly 100 subtypes. Our anti-vascular targeted drugs have shown excellent effects in individual subtypes, but the overall effect is still not ideal. Therefore, we hope to use Turing Darwin’s laboratory’s in-depth analysis of the whole sarcoma mechanism and digital twin technology to find drugs with ideal curative effect and high accessibility.

Niu gang: the big disease model changes the new paradigm of drug research and development

Niu Gang, Director of Turing Darwin Laboratory

In today’s medical field, we are committed to collecting and utilizing all kinds of disease-related data, looking for clues of logical unity for diseases, and establishing complex and real mechanism portraits. But the key lies in how to understand the so-called mechanism and who is the subject of the complex mechanism?

We have built and trained a brand-new AI method-"Genome Shotgun Damage Assessment Process" (DAGG). By inputting the sequence information of human germ line or tumor genome, AI can translate the sequence gobbledygook that human can’t understand into understandable changes in cell function.

According to the information of genome variation, clinicians can use DAGG to judge whether HER2 gene is amplified in tumor cells of breast cancer patients, so as to further clarify the pathological types of patients and provide clearer and more accurate judgments for patients’ diagnosis and treatment.

With the DAGG method, we can also transform the real patient data into the digital twins of the patient and his disease. With the large-scale accumulation of patients’ digital twins in virtual environment, we conducted a large-scale virtual clinical trial for PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. The results showed that the efficacy of most immunodrugs with indications was not ideal.

Therefore, the virtual clinical trial based on digital twins can replace the original clinical trial results that cost tens of billions of dollars. Based on the curative effect data of a small sample of individual indications, the potential indications of other tumor diseases can be inferred. At the same time, according to the biological mechanism directly suggested by the model, the combination scheme and even new molecules can be rationally designed, which saves many clinical development steps and costs and ensures greater benefits for patients.

Shi Rong: Computational Medicine Helps Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer

Shi Rong, Secretary General of Cancer Prevention and Treatment Committee of Wu Jieping Medical Foundation.

Breast cancer is the largest cancer in the world. HER2 is a definite prognostic indicator and a predictive indicator of drug treatment effect for breast cancer, but the tumor heterogeneity of HER2 expression is obvious, and the detection method of HER2 can not meet the demand of anti-HER2 treatment. Therefore, studying the etiology of the germ line carried in the germ line genome is not only helpful to deeply understand the pathogenesis of breast cancer, but also helpful to develop new methods and provide prospective judgment for subsequent treatment.

Recently, the artificial intelligence algorithm DAGG independently developed by the computational medicine team revealed the pathogenesis of breast cancer. It is found that the signal pathway function spectrum (APSP) can be obtained by using the DAGG model based on the germline fingerprint rare coding variation data. According to the difference in the distribution of APSP between patients and people with low etiology, a prediction model can be effectively constructed to evaluate the etiological risk of female individuals, and the HER2-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer patients can be effectively distinguished.

The clinical transformation path of breast cancer based on APSP is divided into three steps. The first step is to guide the clinical treatment plan based on the pathological classification of breast cancer by APSP. The second step, based on APSP, is the extremely early diagnosis of women with breast nodules and breast cancer with familial breast cancer genetic history, so as to reduce the proportion of breast cancer patients who enter advanced and advanced stages at the first diagnosis. The third step, breast cancer risk assessment of healthy population based on APSP, fills the gap of the lack of effective primary prevention measures for breast cancer in the world.

Jiang Min: Virtual clinical trial is a new paradigm in the future.

Jiang Min, Director of the Office of National Drug Clinical Trial Institution of Peking University Cancer Hospital

From a global perspective, there have been exploratory studies on virtual clinical trials, but retrospective cases are the main ones. Regarding whether we can carry out prospective virtual trial design and generate higher-level digital evidence to verify the computer simulation model, so as to better guide clinical research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and the computational medicine team collided from the perspectives of technology and experimental requirements, forming a real landing research.

The two sides jointly carried out a parallel virtual clinical research project by using the digital twin model of patients in computational medicine. The purpose of the research is to explore the relationship between the pathogenesis of tumor and the mechanism of anti-tumor drugs. Through the virtual clinical trial, the curative effect of anti-tumor drugs is predicted, and the characteristics and differences of patients are analyzed, so as to optimize the design of clinical trials. This study compares head-to-head with a real clinical study of registered new drugs to verify the consistency between the predicted results of virtual clinical research and the curative effects of real-world clinical trials.

Virtual clinical trial is a new paradigm in the future. With the support of computational medicine technology, the future clinical trial model may be transformed into more accurate clinical trial design, which will bring a more holistic drug research and development idea, which will bring revolutionary changes to the success rate and effectiveness of clinical trials.

Roundtable Forum I: Cognition and Evaluation of Non-consensus and Subversive Technology

Moderator: Li Lei, Associate Research Fellow of Frontier Science and Education Bureau of China Academy of Sciences.

Roundtable forum site.

Lv Benfu (Professor, School of Economics and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences)The so-called breakthrough innovation mainly depends on three points. First, whether a brand-new track has been developed; Secondly, on the original track, whether its performance-to-value ratio conforms to the law of ten times speed; Third, whether it belongs to the pattern innovation from 0 to 1 depends on the support of industrial policies.

Gu Chengming (Head of Sanofi Greater China Medical Department)The non-consensus stage is the primary stage. As long as it is accepted by the industry, it is considered as consensus, or it is available, which can solve some problems. However, in the field of drug research and development, if you want to be a First-in-Class, it must be a non-consensus. If you become a consensus, it will be Me too.

Zhang Chunming (Vice President of the Western Research Institute of Computing Technology, Zhongke)From a practical point of view, today’s world structure does not support small steps forward, and we must give full play to the ability of large-scale team operations. In terms of innovation, it is indeed possible for computational medicine to open up a brand-new track, so any government department should carefully evaluate it.

Weng Huajian (deputy head of Changning District, Shanghai)In 2021, I first learned about computational medicine. At that time, we envisaged to set up a life science innovation center between Suzhou and Shanghai, specializing in high-end research and development, focusing on computer +Inside and AI+, so as to give full play to the accumulation of digital economy in Changning, Shanghai in the past 20 years, especially the accumulation advantages of talents and innovation ecology. Therefore, from the perspective of the government, we are full of expectations for disruptive innovation technology in computational medicine.

Roundtable Forum II: Investment Logic from the Perspective of Computational Medicine

Moderator: translated by Hu Ming, partner of Mingde Capital.

Roundtable forum site.

Tian Feng (Minister of Industry Service Department of Shanghai Biomedical Industry Promotion Center)The most noteworthy point of the whole AI+ pharmaceutical industry is to change from logical successful practice to probabilistic successful practice, and finally return to logical successful practice. From the perspective of AI+ diseases, developing virtual clinical trials, I think it can effectively reduce the cost of clinical development and improve the success rate in the future.

Jing Xutian (Managing Director of Wuyuan Capital): AI technology has brought some new algorithms and breakthroughs in computing power. In the past, many AI pharmaceutical companies paid more attention to the field of small molecules with the most data and the most mature data, but today we see that more and more algorithms are actually very suitable for doing some new modal drug discovery.

Zeng Yingzhe (Partner of Linear Capital)Before AI technology, we usually build low-dimensional models to solve high-dimensional problems, but the emergence of AI can solve these high-dimensional problems. With more and more data and more powerful computing power, the prospect of AI pharmaceutical is very broad. At present, we are observing what progress the big language model will bring to AI pharmaceutical. It is exciting that some new progress has been made in the field of molecular characterization algorithms.

Ma Rui (partner of Fengrui Capital)We always overestimate the progress of computational medicine in five years, but underestimate the progress it can bring in ten years. I think that in the next three years, macromolecular protein drugs will basically be subverted by AI, just like AlphaFold in 2021 completely solved the problem of structural prediction of single domain proteins. (Photo courtesy of the organizer)

A few years ago, there was a movie called Shopaholic, which told the story of several people who were addicted to shopping. When they saw their favorite items, they couldn’t stop, even if they owed huge credit card debts, they had to take them home. Such people are called shopaholic in English. By analogy, then the "chatter" we are talking about today is talkaholic.

Talkaholic is a person who takes great pleasure in talking. A talkaholic has trouble keeping quiet and listening when other people are around.

Talkaholic refers to someone who likes talking and enjoys it, which is what we call "chattering" Generally, when others are present, it is difficult to talk without listening to others.

Similar words like workaholic and shopaholic are all ended with the same suffix -aholic, which means of an obsessive interest in something.

Both Workaholic and shopaholic, like talkaholic, have the suffix -aholic, which means they are extremely interested in or addicted to something.

For example:

Jane was a talkaholic who gave everyone her opinion whether they asked for it or not.

Jane is a chatty talker. She always gives her opinion whether others want to listen or not.

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(Edited by China Daily English Dianjin Helen)

Click to see more English idioms and new words.