(A) the original achievements made in the frontier field of science
　　　　1. NanoSCIENCE, life science, information science, earth science, mathematics, physics and chemistry have published a series of important papers in first-class magazines of science, NATURE and related disciplines, occupying an important place in the world.

　　　　Nonlinear optical crystals, quantum information and communication, and ultra-strong and ultra-short lasers are among the top in the world. A series of innovative achievements have been made in the fields of nanomaterials and nanostructures, protein’s structure and function, brain and cognition, animal cloning, molecular engineering for creating new substances, paleontology, marine science, etc., and the overall research level has been significantly improved, which has had an important impact in the world; Mathematical mechanization, symplectic geometry algorithm and other aspects to maintain China’s characteristics and advantages.

　　　　2. The research of nonlinear optical crystals keeps the leading position in the world.

　　　　Innovative achievements have been made in the design and growth of ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals and the development of prototype lasers. The fully transparent KBBF single crystal of 20×10×1.8mm3 was successfully grown, which broke through the limit that the thickness of the crystal never exceeded 1mm in the past. KBBF prism coupling technology is put forward for the first time in the world, which realizes the effective output of deep ultraviolet laser from 200 nm to 193 nm, thus jumping over the technical threshold of realizing deep ultraviolet frequency doubling light output and taking an important step towards the realization of the fourth generation light source, which will have a far-reaching impact on the competition of optoelectronic industry in the future.

　　　　3. Quantum information and communication research has achieved a number of important innovations with international influence.

　　　　In the research of preparation and manipulation of multi-particle entangled states, the preparation and manipulation of five-particle entangled states were realized for the first time in the world, and the teleportation of quantum states with "open terminal" was demonstrated experimentally by using a five-photon entangled source, which was rated as one of the top ten advances in international physics in 2004 by american physical society and European physics at the same time. In the aspect of quantum key distribution, an experimental scheme of quantum key distribution with good one-way transmission stability is designed, and a 150 km indoor quantum key distribution experiment is realized. Using the actual communication optical cable, the quantum key distribution with a length of 125 kilometers from Beijing to Tianjin via Xianghe, Hebei Province is realized.

　　　　4. The research of ultra-intense and ultra-short laser is in the forefront of the world.

　　　　Great progress has been made in the development of new principles and methods of CPA’s new generation ultra-short laser and the integration and innovation of miniaturized OPCPA ultra-short laser system, and the output power of 3.67TW has been achieved, and the CPA ultra-short laser device with high beam quality and world-class overall performance has been successfully developed. On this basis, a new phenomenon of double-peak splitting of high-order harmonic spectrum is observed experimentally for the first time, and a new mechanism of generating high-intensity correlated atomic beams by quantum coherent control of atomic system is proposed. The theoretical model and calculation method of non-perturbation quantum electrodynamics of strong-field interaction are established and applied to explain and predict the experimental phenomena of strong-field laser physics.

　　　　5. The research on nano-materials and nano-structures has made a series of innovative achievements, which is at the forefront of the world.

　　　　In the research of carbon nanotubes, the technology of preparing single-walled carbon nanotubes by combining template with organic catalytic pyrolysis is considered by foreign counterparts as one of the four main preparation methods of carbon nanotubes at present. The growth process of carbon nanotubes was proved by isotope labeling method, ultrafine carbon nanotubes were prepared by secondary discharge method, carbon nanotube wires were drawn by superparamagnetic carbon nanotube array, and preparation methods of double-walled nanotubes by floating catalysis method and large-scale preparation of carbon nanotubes by alcohol thermal reduction method were developed. In the preparation of ordered array of one-dimensional nanowires of GaN single crystal, coaxial nano-cables with the core of GaN and the outer layer of BN and the diameter of 50nm have been successfully developed, and the world’s thinnest probe with good performance has been assembled by using single-walled carbon nanotubes, which has had an important impact in the world. The work of polarized incandescent spectrum of carbon nanotube filament opens up a new way for the application of carbon nanotube in lighting field. It is found that the deformation process of bulk nano-copper is mainly controlled by grain boundary behavior rather than traditional lattice dislocation behavior. It is found that the twin interface induces the high strength and high conductivity of nano-copper, which shows that the material properties can be optimized through the structural design on the nano-scale. A new principle of binary synergism to produce superhydrophobicity is put forward, and interface structural materials with bionic superhydrophobicity function are designed and synthesized, and the "switching effect" of superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity reversible transformation controlled by temperature field and light field is found. Lead thin films with atomic flatness were successfully prepared on silicon single crystal substrate by low temperature growth method.It is also observed that the superconducting transition temperature and thermal expansion coefficient of lead thin films oscillate with the thickness of the films and other strange material properties.

　　　　6. A breakthrough was made in the study of protein’s structure and function.

　　　　The 3-D structure analysis of spinach light-harvesting complex (LHCII) with resolution of 2.72 was obtained for the first time. This is the first 3-D structure analysis of LHC II at atomic level so far, which is considered as a breakthrough in photosynthesis research in recent years. The research results were published in the journal NATURE in the form of an article. The crystal structure of mitochondrial respiratory chain membrane protein complex II and its inhibitor complex was successfully analyzed, which filled a blank in the study of mitochondrial respiratory chain and provided a real and available model for studying the electron transfer system of mitochondrial respiratory chain and human mitochondrial diseases related to this complex. The research results were published in CELL magazine.

　　　　7. Breakthrough in brain science research

　　　　A number of innovative achievements have been made in brain cognition, nerve signal transmission and nerve growth, and a number of important papers have been published in internationally renowned journals such as SCIENCE, NATURE and NEURON. The research on the choice of Drosophila in the face of dilemma clues has been initiated internationally. It is found that Drosophila can learn multiple clues of visual mode to guide flight orientation behavior, and it is proved that the mushroom body of Drosophila brain participates in the choice process, which provides a simpler model organism and a new choice paradigm for understanding this intelligent behavior of brain. In the study of the regulation mechanism of some basic processes of nerve development, it is found that a protein kinase called CSK has polarity in the development of nerve cells, and its activity in axons is lower than that in dendrites, which controls the polarity of nerve cells. In the research of cognitive science, the initial perception theory of topological properties is put forward, which challenges the dominant feature analysis theory for half a century. Further research has found the biological evidence of magnetic resonance imaging to support this theory.

　　　　8. Successful birth of transgenic intergeneric cloned fish.

　　　　It marks a new breakthrough in the basic research field of animal cloning in China. Intergeneric nuclear transfer was carried out with the blastocyst cells of the transgenic red carp (Cyprinus carpio var. rubra) with MThGH F4 as the donor and the enucleated eggs of goldfish as the recipient, and the transgenic inter-generic cloned fish was successfully obtained, and the new evidence that cytoplasm affected the development of cloned fish was found at the molecular level for the first time.

　　　　9. Important new breakthroughs have been made in immunology research.

　　　　A new DC subgroup with special negative immune regulation function was found, which challenged the traditional theory that mature DC no longer proliferated in traditional immunology, and was helpful to deeply understand the mechanism of immune response and the pathogenesis of many diseases.

　　　　10. Molecular engineering to create new substances

　　　　It has gathered 5 academicians in this field, 14 winners of the National Outstanding Youth Fund and 3 "innovative research groups" to carry out innovative research, made high-level research results, and published more than 40 papers in international authoritative magazines in the chemical field such as SCIENCE, NATURE, ACCOUNT OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH and JACS, which has had an important impact internationally.

　　　　11. Paleontological research

　　　　Based on the abundant paleontological data in China, a series of important discoveries and innovative achievements have been made in the origin of important biological groups such as metazoa, vertebrates and birds, the Cambrian biological explosion, the biological radiation in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the three biological extinctions in Paleozoic and their subsequent recovery, and the exploration of the basic laws of the co-evolution of biology and environment. The first author published 32 papers in SCIENCE and NATURE, which attracted great attention from international academic circles. Among them, the research on "Chengjiang Fauna and Cambrian Outbreak" won the first prize of National Natural Science Award in 2003; The Paibi section of Huayuan, Hunan Province was established as the first global boundary stratotype section ("Golden Nail") in Cambrian.

　　　　12. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau evolution and environmental effects

　　　　New views are put forward on the collision time limit, process and collision mode of the northern and southern edges of the plateau in India. High-resolution environmental records in different areas of the plateau have been established, revealing the characteristics of climate and environment changes in the past 20 thousand years, especially in the last 2000 years. The relationship between the uplift of Himalayas and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Asian monsoon climate is studied comprehensively and systematically for the first time. The results show that the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 10-8 million years ago led to the emergence of the Asian monsoon, and the accelerated uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 3.6-2.6 million years ago laid the basic framework of the Asian monsoon climate. It shows that the evolution of Asian monsoon is closely related to the periodic uplift of plateau.

　　　　13. Many breakthroughs have been made in the deep subduction of the mainland.

　　　　The continuous material composition, three-dimensional structure, material exchange between crust and mantle and geophysical state in the deep part of plate convergence boundary are revealed. It is proved that there was an important geological event in geological history when the plate carried a huge amount of material and dived deep into the mantle below 100 kilometers. It is found that the instability caused by dehydration of structural water (OH) in eclogite minerals can induce fractures and cause high-temperature earthquakes, which explains the cause of deep earthquakes in mantle transition zone. This achievement was published in NATURE magazine in 2004.

　　　　14. Marine scientific research

　　　　The theoretical framework of China’s offshore ecosystem dynamics is established, and it is the first time to establish a theoretical framework based on the ecosystem level. The quota fishing assessment and management model, taking fish as an example, found that the strategy of Daphnia sinensis to spend the summer in the shallow sea of temperate continental shelf is considered as one of the representative research achievements since the implementation of the international Global Marine Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) plan. At the invitation of members of the GLOBEC Scientific Steering Committee and the North Pacific Scientific Organization (PICES), it was reported at international scientific conferences many times, which had a great impact. In terms of the formation mechanism and variation of offshore circulation, the formation mechanism of Kuroshio "multi-core structure" in the East China Sea is revealed. It is found that the circulation exists in the outer shelf of the southern East China Sea, and the distribution and variation of "flow-vortex structure" are simulated. The evolution law of "multi-vortex structure" of South China Sea circulation is expounded. A wind-wave-tide-current coupled numerical model is developed.

　　　　15. Research on Mathematical Mechanization Method

　　　　This paper proves the "finite kernel" theorem of global optimization of a certain algebraic system, gives a complete global optimization method for this kind of system, provides a new method for global optimization in many scientific fields, and completes the automatic reasoning platform of mathematical mechanization. It is proved theoretically that any reversible linear transformation can be realized by integer, and a necessary and sufficient condition and a fast algorithm for integer realization are given. The "multi-component transformation" technology based on this theory has been adopted by the international standard of JPEG2000 image compression.

　　　　16. Large-scale scientific computing research

　　　　The adaptive algorithm, symplectic algorithm and multi-scale algorithm suitable for solving large partial differential equations are developed. Symplectic algorithm is used to assimilate atmospheric and ocean GPS data for the first time, and a new generation atmospheric circulation model GAMIL1.0 is established.

　　　　17. Research on high performance optimization algorithm

　　　　An innovative method that can quickly find the effective solution space and algorithm is developed, which improves the quality of stable solution and the calculation speed of solving very large-scale examples of the same scale traveling salesman problem by one order of magnitude respectively. Large-scale optimization algorithms such as multi-space search are developed and applied to Internet search, mobile communication and multimedia communication systems, VLSI design, intelligent power information management systems and other technical fields.

　　　　(B) the source of innovation in basic theory
　　　　1. Basic theoretical research on solidification and crystallization control of steel.

　　　　It is found that the regulation of grain refinement in metallurgical process can greatly improve the strength of steel. A new generation of steel materials developed by systematically integrating high clean steel production technology, high homogeneous solidification structure technology and deformation-induced transformation structure refinement technology is characterized by high cleanliness, high homogeneity and ultra-fine structure, and its strength is about twice that of ordinary materials at present. The achievements have been partially applied to automobile, construction and other industries, and are regarded by domestic metallurgical circles as a "revolution" to promote the structural adjustment, product upgrading and improve the technical level of the steel industry.

　　　　2. Key problems in industrial production of high performance polyolefin materials.

　　　　Based on the relationship between polymer chain structure and processability, this paper puts forward the theory of analyzing the flow stability of biaxial stretching, introduces rheological research into the improvement of polyolefin processability, designs the chain structure of BOPP film special material suitable for high-speed stretching, and develops an ultra-high-speed BOPP special material with a capacity of 400 m/min without basically changing the existing production equipment conditions, and the product quality exceeds that of imported products.

　　　　3. The theory and technology of diaspore bauxite reverse flotation are established for the first time in the world.

　　　　The principle of changing the interfacial interaction force between aluminum and silicon minerals to control dispersion is put forward, the structural model of high-efficiency collector for aluminosilicate minerals and the new idea of activated flotation are put forward, and the desilication technology prototype of "controlling dispersion-selective inhibition-enhanced collection" and the desilication technology of selective grinding-agglomeration positive flotation are formed. The original flotation desilication method and the improved Bayer process may expand the available bauxite resources in China by 2-5 times.

　　　　4. Some breakthroughs have been made in the research of optoelectronic devices, optical storage and information functional materials, and a series of achievements with independent intellectual property rights have been made.

　　　　In the research of quantum cascade lasers and detectors, gallium arsenic/aluminum gallium arsenic quantum cascade lasers and the world’s first short cavity single-mode strain compensation indium gallium arsenic/indium aluminum arsenic quantum cascade laser have been successfully developed, and the world’s first gallium indium nitrogen arsenic/gallium arsenic multi-quantum well resonant cavity enhancement detector has been developed. These achievements indicate that the research level of GaAs-based near-infrared optoelectronic materials and devices in China has entered the world’s advanced ranks. In the aspect of optical storage, a new generation of optical storage technology is developed by using multi-wavelength and multi-order optical storage method, which can greatly improve the storage density and capacity of optical disks without changing the numerical aperture of optical systems, thus doubling the capacity of optical disks and opening up a new way for establishing the optical disk industry with independent intellectual property rights in China. In the research of semiconductor optical amplifier, the polarization insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier with graded strain active region is proposed and fabricated for the first time in the world, and the semiconductor optical amplifier is fabricated by alternately growing tensile strain quantum wells and compressive strain quasi-materials for the first time. In the aspect of organic small molecule fluorescent materials, a series of phenol pyridine complexes with independent intellectual property rights were designed and synthesized. Breaking through the framework of studying microwave dielectric ceramics in traditional perovskite compounds, a new system of K2NiF4 MRAlO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with independent intellectual property rights was developed.

　　　　5. A series of outstanding progress has been made in the research of micro-nano electronic materials and devices and micro-electromechanical systems.

　　　　In the research of miniaturization of silicon-based integrated devices, a new CMOS device with a gate length of 27nm and a CMOS32 frequency division circuit with a gate length of 36nm have been successfully developed, which marks a new step in the research of chip miniaturization in China. In the research of compound semiconductor electronic devices, a PHEMT transistor with cutoff frequency exceeding 100GHz was successfully obtained, which laid the foundation for the development of InP-based devices in China. In the research of field emission flat panel display, silicon nanowire cold cathode with grid structure and WO3 nanowire cold cathode array have been developed, and the research results are first reported at home and abroad. The energy transfer model of thin air damping is proposed by integrating the research of MEMS. DBao model and air damping model of MEMS orifice plate structure? D modified Reynolds equation; According to the characteristics of MEMS structure, a new dynamic equation is established, and a micro inertial sensor with independent intellectual property rights is developed and applied.

　　　　(3) A number of key scientific problems have been solved in energy, resources and environment.
　　　　1. Many innovations have been made in efficient and clean utilization of fossil energy.

　　　　On the basis of revealing the mechanism of calcium-based desulfurization promoted by water, the medium temperature flue gas desulfurization technology was developed, and the desulfurization efficiency could reach 85-95% with only 4% water equivalent to wet desulfurization technology. The mechanism of plasma NOx reduction reaction is put forward and proved, and the new technology of NOx removal developed on this basis has been preliminarily popularized and applied. The basic research on catalysis for the optimal utilization of natural gas and coalbed methane pioneered the application theory and technology of ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy in in-situ and dynamic characterization of catalysis in the world, which was widely recognized by peers at home and abroad. The technology of preparing low-carbon olefins from synthetic gas made from natural gas and coal gasification by methanol and dimethyl ether was successful. A theory of anaerobic activation of methane is put forward, which opens up a new way to prepare chemical raw materials and hydrogen from natural gas.

　　　　2. Petroleum exploration and development and enhanced oil recovery

　　　　The grading evaluation method and index system of carbonate oil and gas source rocks are established, and four distribution prediction models and two development models of marine source rocks in China superimposed basin are put forward. It is put forward that the lower limit of organic matter abundance of carbonate rocks as source rocks is TOC=0.5%, which has played an important role in the new round of oil and gas resources evaluation as a new standard of China Petroleum and China Petrochemical Company. The relationship between the structure and performance of surfactant for oil displacement is mastered from the molecular scale, and the molecular design criteria of surfactant for oil displacement are put forward for the first time. The cheap, efficient and pollution-free alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant products for oil displacement with independent intellectual property rights are designed and produced. The field test in Daqing Oilfield shows that the recovery ratio is 15-20% higher than that of water flooding, and the cost is significantly reduced. In the exploration and development of natural gas reservoirs, wavelet analysis and multi-attribute quantitative prediction methods are used for the first time to effectively predict the gas-bearing characteristics of reservoirs and improve the success rate of drilling. The research results are initially applied to the study of gas reservoir identification in Sulige gas field.

　　　　3. Research on strategic mineral resources

　　　　Around the eastern Pacific Rim metallogenic domain, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic and Late Paleozoic continental metallogenic theories were initially established, a number of new technologies and methods for prospecting and prediction were developed, and a series of target areas of large mines and large ore concentration areas were put forward, which were successively included in the preliminary risk exploration by China Geological Survey. In the area of Paleo-Tethys metallogenic domain, the geological map and structural outline map of the main collision zone of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been compiled, a new model of tectonic evolution in collision orogeny process has been preliminarily put forward, and a new theoretical framework of continental collision orogeny has been established.

　　　　4. Ecological environment

　　　　Aiming at the arid and semi-arid areas in the north, the relationship between the long-term evolution of Asian monsoon and the drought in the north and related evidence are systematically analyzed, and the integrated model of regional environmental system is established, which provides an effective tool for drought prediction and virtual experiment of "orderly human activities", and the forecast report of drought development trend has been paid attention to by relevant government departments. In the aspect of the evolution and regulation of ecological environment in the western arid area, the ecological construction and sustainable agriculture paradigm of the mountain-oasis-desert system in the northern Tianshan Mountains and the ecological division in the northwest arid area are put forward, and the technical integration of major engineering protection system construction in the desert area is established, which provides support for the protection of the Tarim desert highway and the desert section of the Xinjiang North-South Water Transfer Project. The relationship between soil quality and erosion, acidification and acid deposition, and gas exchange at soil-air interface was deeply studied, and the viewpoint that paddy field ecosystem is an environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural ecosystem in Taihu Lake area was put forward. Based on this viewpoint, the proposal of "protecting artificial wetland-paddy field in Taihu Lake basin" was adopted by Suzhou Municipal Government.

　　　　5. Prevention and control of environmental pollution

　　　　A comprehensive monitoring of air pollution in Beijing and its surrounding areas was carried out, especially the observation of air-water-soil interaction, urban building development, and the influence of U-shaped topography on the strengthening of heat island. A number of accurate quantitative results were obtained, which provided scientific basis for improving forecasting ability, pollution control decision-making, early warning of pollution and monitoring system design. It was highly evaluated by the World Meteorological Organization and was rated as one of only two pilot demonstration projects in the world.

　　　　6. Formation mechanism and prediction of harmful red tide in China’s offshore waters.

　　　　The discovery of a large-scale harmful red tide of Alexandrium in the East China Sea for the first time confirmed the important role of key physical ocean processes in the formation of red tide in the East China Sea, and initially revealed the potential harm and harm mechanism of large-scale red tide in the East China Sea. In 2005, a large-scale red tide was found in the waters with high incidence of red tide in the East China Sea, and some suggestions on red tide prevention and control were put forward for reference by relevant departments.

　　　　7. Formation mechanism and prediction of major disasters

　　　　This paper reveals the basic fact that strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland are controlled by the movement of active blocks and concentrated on the boundaries of active blocks, obtains a preliminary understanding of the process of strong earthquakes in mainland China, develops the method of medium and long-term strong earthquake prediction, and gives the prediction of strong earthquake risk areas in Chinese mainland in the next 10 years. A large-scale scientific experiment of intensive observation of rainstorm in the field was carried out, and a multi-scale physical model and a synoptic model of Meiyu front rainstorm were put forward, and a mesoscale numerical forecast model system with three-dimensional variational assimilation scheme suitable for China was developed. Based on some important climate theories, such as "Monsoon-Warm Pool -ENSO Cycle Interaction Theory" and "Atmospheric Thermal Adaptation Theory", the inter-seasonal and annual prediction experiments of climate anomalies in East Asia were carried out, and the evolution of La Nina event and the severe drought climate in North China were successfully predicted. A cross-seasonal climate numerical prediction system is proposed, and an 18-layer new atmospheric circulation numerical model framework is designed, which provides a basis for the updating of China’s climate numerical model.

　　　　(4) The level of basic research in the fields of agriculture, population and health has been significantly improved.
　　　　1. Basic research on functional genomics and molecular improvement of agricultural animals and plants.

　　　　The important gene MOC1 related to rice tillering formation was cloned for the first time. This achievement is one of the most important discoveries in the field of plant morphogenesis, especially lateral branch formation in recent years, and its application in agricultural production is of great significance to improve the yield of Gramineae crops such as rice. The BC1 gene directly involved in rice cellulose synthesis and regulation was cloned. The study showed that it was of great significance to regulate the stem and leaf strength of Gramineae plants, make efficient and rational use of plant stems and improve the utilization rate of crop resources. Successfully cloned pig FSH-β gene, which was the first in the world to be found as a major gene or genetic marker affecting the litter size of pigs. The application of this achievement greatly accelerated the breeding speed of excellent pig breeds.

　　　　2. Efficient utilization of agricultural resources

　　　　The core germplasm of rice, wheat and soybean with 5% samples representing more than 85% genetic diversity was constructed for the first time in the world, which laid an important foundation for deepening the research of germplasm resources and crop breeding in China. In the study on the interaction of gene regulation level of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, it was found that HetR, the key protein in charge of heterotopic cell development in cyanobacteria, could form dimer, which could regulate the gene expression level by combining the DNA of the target gene, and put forward a gene regulation model affecting the new nitrogen fixation efficiency, which laid a theoretical foundation for improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops. In the research of plant drought resistance mechanism, it is found that the stomatal oscillation can be caused by regulating the atmospheric water deficit. According to this principle, a stomatal oscillation drought-resistant agent was developed. Field experiments show that the crop yield in semi-arid areas with annual rainfall of about 300 mm can be 1 to 2 times higher than that in the control in large and medium drought years, which is of great significance to agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas of China.

　　　　3. Agricultural ecological security

　　　　The biotype of Bemisia tabaci in China was identified at the molecular level, the rapid molecular detection technology of Phytophthora sojae was successfully developed, and the risk of wheat dwarf smut (TCK) invading China was systematically studied, which provided scientific basis and technical support for the negotiation of wheat import and quality inspection and quarantine in China. It is found for the first time that the change of insect resistance is related to the mutation of functional sites related to acetylcholine receptor. This achievement can not only guide the development of new molecular detection technology for drug resistance, but also provide theoretical basis for drug resistance management, and at the same time provide new ideas and new ways for molecular design of efficient and safe pesticides. A class of highly active nicotine compound IPP-44 with novel structure and independent intellectual property rights was successfully developed, and the adaptive defect mechanism of point mutation D421 and AChE resistance allele related to organophosphorus and carbamate resistance was found. It is found that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has gradually acquired the ability to infect mammals, and it is proved that its pathogenicity to mice is closely related to the 701st amino acid of PB2 protein, which lays a foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanism of cross-species transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

　　　　4. Major breakthroughs have been made in the localization, cloning and functional research of disease-causing genes.

　　　　In the aspect of monogenic diseases, the essential pathogenic gene of hereditary milk Koga was cloned, and the essence of hereditary milk Koga caused by mutation of DSPP gene was clarified. The pathogenic gene of type A-1 short finger disease was cloned, and the role of IHH gene in causing human genetic diseases was clarified. The pathogenic gene of atrial fibrillation was cloned, which explained the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation caused by multiple pathway reentry. In the aspect of polygenic diseases, it was found that the susceptibility gene of nasopharyngeal carcinoma exists in the region of 4p15.1 -4q12 on human chromosome 4, which proved the genetic susceptibility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for the first time. It was found that the gene expression of primary tumor and metastatic tumor was highly consistent between liver cancer and gastric cancer, which showed that tumor metastasis had no obvious relationship with tumor size and capsule integrity, but was related to gene expression of tumor itself. The preliminary evidence that PRKCZ is a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus is provided.

　　　　5. Significant progress has been made in the treatment and research of major diseases.

　　　　Studies on the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) show that the disease has a specific chromosome heterotopic t(15; 17) PML caused? DRARα fusion protein and all-trans retinoic acid can induce APL cell differentiation, while arsenic trioxide can selectively induce apoptosis, and their targets are PML? DRARα fusion protein, clinical research shows that the application of two drugs combined with targeted therapy makes the initial APL the first curable adult leukemia, which has been widely used. Active immunotherapy for anti-tumor angiogenesis can induce autoimmune reaction against tumor angiogenesis in mice, showing anti-tumor activity, which provides a new idea for tumor vaccine development and tumor treatment.

　　　　6. Basic research on important infectious diseases

　　　　Complete the whole genome sequencing of four representative strains of Shigella dysenteriae; Determine the transmission route of HIV epidemic in China from the molecular level; The three-dimensional structure of the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS coronavirus was firstly analyzed in the world, and the precise mode of binding 3CLpro to substrate was revealed, which opened up a new way for developing drugs for preventing and treating SARS coronavirus.

　　　　7. Reproductive health

　　　　Bin1b, the first natural antimicrobial peptide gene in reproductive system, was cloned for the first time. It was found that this gene can start the movement of sperm in epididymis head, thus revealing the important cause of sperm from inactive state to active state, and providing clues for the design of male contraceptives and the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. It was found that the mutation of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene hindered the secretion of HCO3- in uterine epithelium, which affected sperm capacitation and fertilization, and revealed the infertility mechanism of this kind of patients.

　　　　8. Innovative drug research

　　　　A series of research platforms and new methods for new drug creation have been established and improved, and many candidate drug targets have been found. It is the first time in the world that CD146 molecule is selectively expressed in tumor vascular endothelial cells, which provides a new target molecule for the screening of new anti-tumor drugs. More than 80 novel enzyme, receptor and cell-level screening models, including matrix metalloproteinase Qualcomm screening and tumor angiogenesis inhibitor screening, have been established, and a number of lead compounds and candidate new drugs with new structures or novel pharmacological effects for major diseases have been found. Three new drugs, Shipulin (ZT-1) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Salvicine (Salvicine) and Lidamycin (Lidamycin), have entered clinical research. Among them, Shipulin has completed Phase II clinical trials in more than 30 hospitals in Europe, which may become a new drug for China to go global and produce remarkable economic and social benefits. Some achievements in innovative drug research have been supported by the 863 Program and major scientific and technological projects, or cooperative development relations have been established with enterprises.

　　　　9. Bone induction theory of biomedical materials

　　　 This theory has gained international recognition, clarified that biomaterials can induce bone formation, confirmed the important conditions of inducing bone formation from two aspects of materials science and biology, and established a relatively complete original bone induction theory. A new generation of osteoinductive bone developed based on this theory has obtained the production registration certificate of the State Food and Drug Administration, and more than 400 clinical trials have achieved good results.

CCTV News:On August 18th, Zhuhai New Hengqin Port was opened for four years. In the past four years, with the continuous promotion of the construction of Hengqin Guangdong-Macao deep cooperation zone and the continuous improvement of the software and hardware facilities at Hengqin Port, the personnel exchanges between Hengqin and Macao have continuously set a new record for customs clearance, and the total number of entry-exit personnel at the port has exceeded 48 million.

The reporter learned that the average daily passenger flow and traffic volume of Hengqin Port this year reached 57,000 passengers and 6,000 vehicles respectively, which doubled compared with 25,000 passengers and 2,700 vehicles four years ago. At the same time, this year, the single-day passenger flow at Hengqin Port exceeded 86,000, and the traffic volume exceeded 7,200, both of which were the highest levels since the opening of the new Hengqin Port. The high convenience of going in and out of Hengqin is gradually changing the living habits of Macao residents, and the demand of Hong Kong and Macao residents to go to Hengqin for home ownership, entrepreneurship and leisure tourism is also growing.

The deputy stationmaster of Hengqin Border Inspection Station of Zhuhai Border Inspection Station once introduced that, according to statistics, among the inbound and outbound personnel, about 39% are from the mainland who go to Australia for employment and study, about 26% are from Hong Kong and Macao residents, and about 24% are from the mainland who go to Australia. The characteristics of the people’s livelihood port of Hengqin Port "seven points for people’s livelihood and three points for tourists" are increasingly prominent.

In recent years, the infrastructure of the new Hengqin Port has been continuously improved, and the vehicle joint inspection system and the vehicle attendant inspection and release hall of five units in Guangdong and Macao, the first in China, have been launched successively, achieving highly convenient customs clearance for vehicles and vehicle attendants. At present, the customs clearance of goods and transport vehicles at Hengqin Port is being resumed in an orderly manner in stages, and the policy dividend is fully released to fully improve the efficiency of customs clearance services. At the same time, Hengqin Border Inspection Station has accelerated the construction of an intelligent car body inspection system, continuously optimized the customs clearance process of "Qin-Ao Tour Group" and "Frequent Traveler", and further created a highly convenient customs clearance environment for personnel to enter and leave.

Zeng Xiang said that since the beginning of this year, there have been more than 13 million passengers and about 1.4 million vehicles entering and leaving through Hengqin Port. It is expected that the total number of passengers entering and leaving the country will exceed 20 million and the traffic volume will exceed 2 million during the year. Facing the increasing passenger flow, Hengqin Border Inspection Station will continue to improve customs clearance services, optimize personnel customs clearance mode, and contribute border inspection wisdom to the rapid development of Qin-Macao integration.

As of August 17, the number of people entering and leaving Baiyun Port reached a five-year high this year.

The reporter learned from Baiyun Border Inspection Station that as of August 17, this year, Baiyun Border Inspection Station inspected 8.28 million entry-exit personnel, a five-year high.

With the continuous optimization of China’s visa policy for foreigners, the "circle of friends" of visa-free countries is constantly expanding. Baiyun Airport Port is the landing port of Guangdong’s 144-hour transit visa-free policy, and the Canton Fair and other activities have been held. Since this year, more than 2.46 million foreign tourists have entered and exited the Baiyun Airport Port for business travel, visiting relatives and studying, and visiting and communicating. The number of foreign tourists who entered the country through visa-free policy accounted for 28.5% of the total number of foreign tourists entering the country. Among them, more than 38,000 foreign tourists entered the country through 24/72/144-hour transit visa-free policy, up 54.2% year-on-year.

As one of the national large-scale international airport hubs, Baiyun Airport Port has a strong "flow" with obvious characteristics of "big entry and big exit", which plays an important role in promoting the exchange of Chinese and foreign personnel and promoting the development of foreign trade and economy.

According to the statistics of Baiyun Border Inspection Station, since the beginning of this year, the daily average number of people entering and leaving through Baiyun Airport Port has reached 40,000, and the peak passenger flow in a single day has exceeded 46,000. At present, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport has opened more than 80 international and regional passenger navigation points, and the total number of international and regional passenger flights entering and leaving Hong Kong exceeds 1,900 per week.

Chen Xiaoyun, deputy captain of the Eighth Team of Baiyun Border Inspection Station, said: "Since the beginning of this year, the port has opened, encrypted and restored more than 20 international and regional passenger routes from Guangzhou to Singapore and Istanbul, and will also open international passenger and cargo routes from Guangzhou to Belgrade in the near future. In order to actively respond to the rising trend of inbound and outbound passenger flow at the port, we continue to strengthen diversion guidance during peak hours, dynamically adjust channel settings, and continuously optimize the allocation of police force on duty to ensure efficient customs clearance, safety and smoothness. "

China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center: As of August 17, the number of people entering and leaving the cooperation center this year increased by 81% year-on-year.

Since August, the Sino-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center in Yili, Xinjiang has ushered in the peak of border tour, cross-border tour and shopping tourists. As of August 17, the number of people entering and leaving the cooperation center exceeded 4 million this year, up 81% year-on-year. Border shopping tour shows a booming development momentum.

According to the statistics of Horgos entry-exit frontier inspection station, since August, the number of people entering and leaving the cooperation center has exceeded 30,000, and the highest number of people in a single day is nearly 34,000. The reporter saw in the joint inspection hall of the China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Center that at present, 12 manual inspection channels and 10 quick inspection channels have all been opened. The on-site police guided tourists to enter in batches in an orderly manner to avoid congestion, and at the same time took various measures to ensure customs clearance efficiency.

Yan Kang, deputy captain of the Seventh Team of Horgos Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station, said that there are now more than 30,000 passengers entering and leaving the park every day. At the peak of passenger flow like this in the morning, the checkpoint will implement the "wrong customs clearance" measure, and open the fast inspection channel one hour in advance, effectively reducing the morning peak; In case of large-scale events and comprehensive exhibitions, the checkpoint will implement the "booking customs clearance" measure to ensure the safe and smooth customs clearance of inbound and outbound passengers to the maximum extent.

China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center is planned to be 3.43 square kilometers from China and 2.17 square kilometers from Kazakhstan. Up to now, there are more than 2,000 merchants in the China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Center alone, and there are more than 200 duty-free enterprises selling more than 1,000 kinds of goods from more than 40 countries. Visitors who enter the cooperation center can carry 8,000 yuan of duty-free goods every day.

　　At the China committee of 100 Forum on Electric Vehicles held yesterday, Finance Minister Lou Jiwei said that the subsidy standard for new energy vehicles will be gradually lowered from 2017, and the subsidy policy will be withdrawn after 2020. Xin Guobin, vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the state subsidy policy for new energy vehicles will be gradually withdrawn in the future, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is prepared to adopt the method of linking the points of new energy vehicles with the fuel consumption limit of traditional energy vehicles to encourage industrial development.

　　Last year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles exceeded 300,000.

　　Xin Guobin said that the rapid development of China’s new energy automobile industry is changing from a market introduction period to a rapid growth period and entering a new stage of large-scale development. In the past 2015, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China exceeded 300,000. By the end of 2015, the cumulative production and sales of new energy vehicles in China was nearly 500,000, making it the largest new energy vehicle market in the world.

　　Xin Guobin said that compared with the world’s advanced level, there is still a big gap in the quality of new energy vehicles in China, and the development of new energy vehicles in China still faces some prominent contradictions and problems. These problems include the lack of general technology development ability of the whole vehicle, insufficient technical reserves such as intelligent networked vehicles, the incompatibility between the construction of charging facilities and the development of new energy vehicles, and the imperfect follow-up maintenance system.

　　Prepare to adopt the new energy vehicle integral method.

　　Lou Jiwei said that the original intention of the consumer subsidy policy is to cultivate the initial market. However, if the consumer subsidy is implemented for a long time, enterprises are prone to policy dependence, keeping a close eye on policies to set products and forming new industrial surpluses. From 2017 to 2018, the subsidy standard for new energy vehicles will be lowered by 20% on the basis of 2016 and 40% from 2019 to 2020. After 2020, the subsidy policy will be withdrawn.

　　Xin Guobin revealed that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is going to adopt the method of linking the points of new energy vehicles with the fuel consumption limit of traditional energy vehicles to encourage industrial development.

　　Resolutely crack down on fraudulent compensation of new energy vehicles

　　In response to recent media reports that some enterprises have falsified data and defrauded financial subsidies for new energy vehicles, Minister of Finance Lou Jiwei said that special inspections will be organized in conjunction with relevant ministries and commissions, and the problem of fraudulent compensation will be dealt with seriously according to laws and regulations, and all kinds of fraudulent compensation and rent-seeking behaviors will be severely cracked down, and they will never be soft. "Several electric vehicle safety accidents that occurred last year and the recent online exposure of electric vehicles have fully demonstrated that the new energy vehicle management system needs to be improved." Xin Guobin said that these problems require relevant departments to take effective measures and make great efforts to solve them.

　　Eleven, sail boat (1 staff, 2 coaches, 6 athletes)

　　Team leader: Yu Huawu (Shandong)

　　Coaches: Suri (Shandong) and Wang Jianbin (Shandong)

　　Male athletes: Qi Mingxue (Shandong), Jia Hailiang (Shandong), Wang Tao (Shandong), Xu Jingkun (Shandong) and Li Ke (Shandong).

　　Female athlete: Xiujuan Yang (Shandong)

　　Twelve, rowing (2 staff, 2 coaches, 8 athletes)

　　Leader: Song Biwen (Guangdong)

　　Deputy Team Leader: Gu Yangchun (Guangdong)

　　Coaches: Liu Xiaochun (Guangdong) and Li Kunyun (Guangdong)

　　Male athletes: Tan Yeteng (Guangdong), Dan Zilong (Guangdong), Liming (Guangdong) and Dong Hongyan (Liaoning).

　　Female athletes: Zhang Jinhong (Guangdong), Zhou Yangjing (Guangdong), Lin Cuizhi (Guangdong) and Gao Wenwen (Liaoning).

　　Helmsman: Hao Tongtu (Beijing, male)

　　Thirteen, hard ball (3 staff, 5 coaches, 9 athletes)

　　Team leader: Xie Xile (Guangdong)

　　Deputy Team Leader: Li Xiaohua (Guangdong)

　　Liaison: Lu Juan (Paralympic Center)

　　Coaches: Tian Jianan (Beijing), Ran Jun (Chongqing), Wen Dinghua (Guangdong), Tan Weilin (Guangdong) and Yang Sen (Guangdong).

　　Male athletes: Zhu Jianhui (Guangdong), Shen Cong (Guangdong), Wang Yi (Beijing), Yan Zhiqiang (Chongqing) and Cao Fei (Liaoning).

　　Female athletes: Zhang Qi (Beijing), Zhu Heqiao (Guangdong), Ni Suili (Guangdong) and Qi Cuifang (Guangdong)

　　Fourteen, horse skills (2 staff, 1 coach, 1 athlete)

　　Team leader: Tan Zhiqin (Guangdong)

　　Coach: Bai Jieyong (Guangdong)

　　Stable boy: Huang Yumei (Guangdong)

　　Athlete: Peng Yulian (Guangdong)

　　Fifteen, sitting volleyball (2 staff, 3 coaches, 24 athletes)

　　Team leader: Lv Zhixin (Shanghai)

　　Liaison: Zhang Guiying (Paralympic Center)

　　Men’s team

　　Coaches: Liu Fangqing (Yunnan) and Zhang Guiying (Paralympic Center, concurrently)

　　Athletes: Tong Ba (Shanghai), Huang Chunji (Shanghai), Wang Haidong (Shanghai), Wang Xiaoliang (Shanghai), Ding Xiaochao (Shanghai), Li Lei (Shanghai), Gao Hui (Yunnan), Li Mingfa (Yunnan), Li Ji (Yunnan) and Zhou Canming (Zhejiang) Dou.

　　Women’s team

　　Coaches: Zhang Jun (Shanghai) and Ma Dongmei (Gan Su)

　　Athletes: Lu Hongqin (Shanghai), Li Liping (Shanghai), Lu Chunli (Shanghai), Zhang Xufei (Shanghai), Zhong Haihong (Shanghai), Sheng Yuhong (Jiangsu), Tan Yanhua (Jiangsu), Yang Yanling (Gansu), Liu Lijuan (Gansu), Zheng Xiongying (Zhejiang) and Liang Fen (Yunnan).

　　Sixteen, goalball (3 staff, 4 coaches, 12 athletes)

　　Team Leader: Chen Yuguo (Zhejiang)

　　Deputy Team Leader: Lu Cailiang (Zhejiang)

　　Liaison: Fu Juan (Paralympic Center)

　　Men’s team:

　　Coaches: Zhang Yong (Yunnan) and Xia Xiang (Zhejiang)

　　Athletes: Du Jinran (Beijing), Yao Yongquan (Beijing), Chen Liangliang (Zhejiang), Cai Changgui (Zhejiang), Yang Chunhong (Yunnan) and Bao Daolei (Shanghai).

　　Women’s team

　　Coaches: Shao Baolin (Beijing) and Wang Jinqin (Shandong)

　　Athletes: Wang Ruixue (Shandong), Fan Feifei (Shandong), Xu Juan (Jiangsu), Wang Shasha (Jiangsu), Lin Shan (Beijing) and Chen Fengqing (Yunnan).

　　17. Wheelchair Basketball (2 staff members, 4 coaches and 24 athletes)

　　Leader: Qiao Jingchun (Beijing)

　　Liaison: Xue Liang (Paralympic Center)

　　Men’s team

　　Coaches: Xu Yuansheng (Paralympic Center) and Zhai Yongjun (Beijing)

　　Athletes: Chen Haijiang (Beijing), Guo Zhendong (Beijing), Yang Lei (Beijing), Li Pengcheng (Beijing), Zhang Lei (Beijing), Huang Xunan (Liaoning), Qu Huanjian (Liaoning), Ding Hai (Liaoning), Xu Hang (Jiangsu), Chen Guojun (Jiangsu), Chen Qi (Guangdong), Chen Qi.

　　Women’s team

　　Coaches: Liu Tiehua (Yunnan) and Zhang Chunling (Shaanxi)

　　Female athletes: Peng Fengling (Beijing), Cao Qiuping (Beijing), Li Yanhua (Yunnan), Zheng Donghuai (Yunnan), Chen Damei (Yunnan), Yang Chao (Yunnan), Fu Yongqing (Yunnan), Chen Qiurong (Yunnan), Liu Mihuan (Yunnan), Gu Li (Liaoning) and Hao Wenhua (Hebei).

　　Eighteen, cerebral palsy football (2 staff, 2 coaches, 12 athletes)

　　Team leader: Geng Lin (Chongqing)

　　Liaison: Fan Ko (Paralympic Center)

　　Coaches: Li Yi (Chongqing) and Jia Hongwen (Jiangxi)

　　Male athletes: Fan Zhichao (Yunnan), Dong Xinliang (Yunnan), Yang Wenshun (Yunnan), He Jinghua (Liaoning), Zhu Xu (Liaoning), Li Chuan (Chongqing), WU GANG (Chongqing), Zhu Gebin (Beijing), Liu Bo (Heilongjiang), Xu Guojun (Jiangsu), Yang Ye (Shanghai), and so on.

　　Nineteen, blind football (2 staff, 2 coaches, 1 guide, 10 athletes)

　　Leader: Lu Shangji (Fujian)

　　Liaison Officer: Cheng Xuyang (Paralympic Center)

　　Coaches: Dong Junjie (Liaoning) and Zou Hongmou (Fujian)

　　Guide: Li Jianwei (Shandong)

　　Male athletes: Zhang Qiang (Heilongjiang), Yang Xinqiang (Heilongjiang), Zheng Wenfa (Liaoning), Wei Zhi (Liaoning), Wang Yafeng (Fujian), Wang Zhoubin (Fujian), Yu Yuchun (Fujian), Chen Shanyong (Jiangsu), Xia Zheng (Jiangsu) and Li Xiaoqiang (Yunnan).

　　Twenty, wheelchair football (5 staff, 2 coaches, 12 athletes)

　　Team leader: Wang Rongguang (Liaoning)

　　Deputy Team Leader: Xu Shuguo (Liaoning)

　　Liaison: Yue Xin (Paralympic Center)

　　Coaches: Wen Yan (Beijing) and Wu Zhiming (Liaoning)

　　Male athletes: Cheng Shuangmiao (Beijing), Han Guifei (Beijing), Chen Jun (Beijing), Tian Shilin (Beijing), Shao Dequan (Beijing), Xia Junfeng (Beijing), Sheng Wang (Shandong), Tao Zhenfeng (Shandong), Cui Maosheng (Yunnan), Pan Zilin (Guangdong) and Yu Zhongtao (Liaoning

　　Female athlete: Zhang Wenli (Shandong)

　　Carers: Feng Yining (Beijing) and Yu Zhiwei (Liaoning)

Editor: Feng Ye

1. Amazon International

Amazon.com is the world’s largest online store, which sells all over the world. Payment methods are usually international credit cards and debit cards. Amazon allows buyers to pay in local currency.

2、eBay

EBay is an online auction and shopping website that allows people all over the world to buy and sell goods online. EBay is a great website for anyone who wants to buy things from foreign countries. However, not all suppliers on eBay ship goods worldwide.

3. Ali Express

AliExpress is a cross-border e-commerce platform built by Alibaba for the international market, and it is called "International Taobao" by the majority of sellers. AliExpress is the third largest English online shopping website in the world, which faces overseas buyers and customers, conducts secured transactions through Alipay international accounts and uses international logistics channels to transport and deliver goods.

4、 Indiamart.com

Indiamart is a well-known trade B2B website in India. Its purpose is to promote cooperation between buyers and suppliers from all over the world and help them trade with each other, thus bringing wide business opportunities to suppliers and rewarding suppliers from all over the world by creating profits. In fact, this is a dropshipping website. People all over the world can order all kinds of things from India and then sell them through dropshipping.

Indiamart doesn’t sell anything directly. Instead, it lists the products of countless manufacturers. Most of these manufacturers can deliver goods on a global scale.

5、KrisShop

KrisShop is an international shopping website, which is sold all over the world. It is actually a duty-free shop from Singapore. KrisShop’s business began with selling all kinds of duty-free goods on Singapore Airlines flights. KrisShop also runs an online store where sellers can order high-quality goods without paying local taxes in various countries.

6、Laphroaig

Laphroaig is one of the top scotch whiskies in the world. They also have an international shopping website, where you can buy high-quality whisky produced by Laphroaig. Laphroaig also offers a wide range of branded clothing, bar requirements and souvenirs. Buyers need to be at least 18 years old to enter the website.

7、Maven POS

If buyers want to buy imported cigarettes, high-grade perfume, cheap wine and other supplies, they can go to Maven POS. This is an online store headquartered in Britain, which can help buyers buy cheap goods from duty-free shops all over the world. Maven POS has also established a cooperative relationship with Dubai Duty Free.

8、Nike

Nike.com comes from the eponymous brand of best-selling sports goods and sportswear. Buyers can buy almost all kinds of sporting goods from Nike.com. Nike.com has business in most countries. This means that you can easily buy Nike products from foreign countries and pay the equivalent in local currency.

9、Coleman

Coleman is an international shopping website for camping and outdoor life lovers, providing more than 10,000 kinds of products, including outdoor lighting, camping supplies, gas appliances and cookers, thermal insulation products, water sports and so on. Coleman accepts international orders and delivers them around the world.

10、 USA.gov

The federal government of the United States also sells many things online. These include souvenirs, collectibles, stamps, coins, books and other various commodities. USA.gov carries out international transportation through the United States Postal Service (USPS).

Discovery Store, an international shopping website, is owned and operated by the world-famous Discovery Channel. People all over the world can order from Discovery Store because they deliver goods all over the world. Discovery Store has a large number of educational toys, clothes, books, stickers, posters, gifts and souvenirs.

11. Royal Mail

For collectors of stamps and souvenirs, Royal Mail operates an international shopping website where buyers can buy some amazing collections. Royal Mail also delivers around the world.

12. Lotte International

Rakuten, a popular online store in Japan, also provides an international shopping website, which is sold all over the world. Buyers only need an international credit card or debit card to pay for shopping.

(Source: cross-border e-commerce BB machine)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s position! This article is exclusively authorized by the original author, and the reprint needs the authorization of Hugo. com.

(Source: cross-border e-commerce BB machine)

From AlphaGo’s battle with Ke Jie to OpenAI’s bloody abuse of Dota2 semi-professional players, AI once again stepped onto the stage of history. Since 2012, thanks to the increase in data volume and the substantial increase in computing power due to the emergence of deep learning, artificial intelligence has begun to explode.

However, there are reports that IBM’s medical department has laid off a large number of employees, with a scale of 50%-70%; Then there was news from STAT, an American medical media. STAT got a document from Andrew Norden, then the deputy chief health officer of IBM Watson Health. The report showed that doctors who were using Watson for Oncology(Watson strong criticisms, pointing out that Watson often made inaccurate medical advice, which made IBM Watson fall into the biggest crisis of trust in history. Recently, some media surveys have pointed out that many medical imaging AI products are lying in the hospital "eating ash".

Behind the medical AI carnival is the embarrassment that new technologies frequently encounter the application of landing scenes. Is medical AI a conceptual obscenity or just a capital game? If the technical scene can be realized, then what characteristics of products can be truly accepted by hospitals and avoid the fate of "eating ash"?

At present, the development trend of artificial intelligence is unstoppable. From abroad to China, from capital giants to technology giants, the smart medical industry has been actively deployed. Medical imaging AI is highly favored by capital and is considered to be the first to be commercialized, which is expected to achieve overtaking in corners.

At present, many companies have developed products to assist doctors in different departments, which are accelerating the commercial layout. However, after the carnival from 2017 to the first half of 2018, medical AI companies did not seem to hand over a beautiful answer sheet. It is reported that there are as many as 10 medical AI companies cooperating with the Imaging Department of Run Run Run Shaw Hospital in Zhejiang.

Chai Xiangfei, CEO of Huiyi Huiying, believes that AI medical entrepreneurship is still in its infancy as a whole, and there is still much room for improvement in terms of underlying technology, product creativity and product experience. At present, there are several reasons why medical AI products lie in the hospital and "eat ash":

First, everyone has relatively high expectations for medical AI. At present, the speed requirement of AI medical care and the slow change of the medical industry are the biggest contradictions, and the overall research and development cycle is long. Medical care is a traditional industry, which has many characteristics of the original industry. For example, it may take 10 to 15 years for new drugs to be developed and commercialized, and 5 to 10 years for devices to be developed.

Second, at present, most of the products are actually tried in hospitals, and the usability and friendliness remain to be investigated, and at present, AI’s participation in clinical practice is too shallow and too little. AI company should not only design products with doctors as the center, but also integrate products into doctors’ work scenes, and also conform to doctors’ usage habits to help doctors improve diagnosis efficiency and accuracy; In addition, it is necessary to design products with patients as the center, and truly serving patients and improving their medical experience are the end points of product design, and creating easy-to-use and friendly medical AI products is the key to success. Huiyi Huiying cooperates with well-known medical equipment suppliers at home and abroad, such as GE, Philips, Qixi Medical and Medtronic, and develops customized applications for the application of medical equipment such as imaging equipment and high-value consumables, so that artificial intelligence can empower traditional medical care. For example, Huiyi Huiying provides intelligent report interpretation services to patients on the basis of existing business digital films, which has been welcomed by hospitals and patients in many aspects.

AI technology can master different professional knowledge through data training, and many business fields can benefit. The artificial intelligence medical image is to use the method of image recognition to judge the picture. There may be several kinds of data in medicine, mainly image data and pathological data, and many of them can be solved by image recognition.

Lung nodule screening is an area that most AI imaging companies focus on at present. Although AI can help to find out nodules, AI can’t give a conclusion on further benign and malignant judgment and report opinions. Moreover, the products on the market at present are mostly concentrated on pulmonary nodules, and the homogenization is serious. A top-three hospital may install more than 10 AI companies’ products at the same time, but only one or two are often used. Because there is no feedback from doctors to optimize the products of other companies, the product iteration is slow, and there is a situation of lying in the hospital "eating ash".

There are many public data of pulmonary nodules, and many data sets can be downloaded directly, so a large number of companies have developed pulmonary nodule screening products in the past two years. However, for a wider range of diseases, the research and development of AI products is difficult. It is difficult to obtain data of new diseases, and high-quality data needs experts to cooperate and label, so the research and development cycle of the whole disease AI product is long. In addition, it is not enough to identify images in medical scenes alone, and the clinical value of disease screening and auxiliary diagnosis is limited. To become an indispensable tool for doctors’ daily use, they must be involved in clinical decision-making, and doctors need AI products that can cover all medical processes.

Therefore, products that go deep into more diseases and participate in more medical processes may be supported and affirmed by more hospitals and doctors, which may be the most important competitive advantage of AI imaging companies in the future. At this point, Huiyi Huiying found a new way, reached cooperation with Tsinghua University, Peking University, Stanford University and intel, and set up a joint laboratory of artificial intelligence, hoping to cut in with image data, let AI run through the whole process of imaging department, and realize a closed-loop service from screening to diagnosis to treatment and prognosis.

In 2018, Huiyi Huiying released three commonly used mapping products for screening scenes, such as CT lung nodule detection, chest DR detection and fracture detection. Its training model not only has image information, but also adds many patients’ clinical information, test information and follow-up information. Its AI products can not only locate and label lesions, but also participate in tumor staging and classification, and can provide support for doctors’ treatment decisions.

In April 2019, Huiyi Huiying and 301 Hospital released AORTIST3.0, an artificial intelligence platform for aortic dissection, which well combined the development of new disease models with the whole process coverage of single disease. Through verification, the accuracy of AORTIST3.0 far exceeds that of conventional manual measurement, and it also provides the prognosis prediction results of aortic dilatation and composite endpoint events. The performance of AORTIST3.0 can basically reach the level of accurate judgment and prediction like 301 Hospital, which can reduce the five-year recovery of 40% to 15%, and can go deeper into the medical scene and decision-making process.

Chai Xiangfei said that medical AI has entered the second half, and AI has moved from the 1.0 era to the 2.0 era. The reason for this change is. "In the past 1-2 years, we have focused on improving the diagnostic efficiency for doctors. Today, we find that the real core of medical services is patients. It is very important to take patients as the center and open up the service chain from patients to doctors to hospitals."

At present, Huiyi Huiying is committed to building an online image center, connecting patients, hospitals and doctors, providing a digital, mobile and intelligent image closed-loop service system for the three, and trying to build a platform that can continuously incubate innovative medical services and develop in depth, trying to participate in medical treatment and prognosis follow-up links. At the same time, the most troublesome profit dilemma in the industry was broken by Huiyi Huiying’s full-chain service business model. deus ex jumped out of the curse of burning money. It is reported that Huiyi Huiying has a beautiful income report card and has been regarded as a quasi-unicorn and unicorn by the industry.

The medical field in China faces two difficult problems, one is the lack of medical resources, and the other is the unbalanced distribution of medical resources. According to the data of China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook, among all medical institutions in China, there are 28,261 urban hospitals, and the number of primary medical institutions reaches 927,147, which is 32 times that of urban hospitals.

Statistics on the number of various medical institutions in China in 2016

According to a misdiagnosis data of China Medical Association, the total misdiagnosis rate of clinical medicine in China is 27.8%, among which the average misdiagnosis rate of malignant tumor is 40%, and these misdiagnosis mainly occur in primary medical institutions. The total number of misdiagnosed patients in China exceeds 5,700 every year, which is four times that of the United States.

Guo Na, co-founder and COO of Huiyi Huiying, said: The scarcity and scarcity of high-quality medical resources is a fundamental contradiction. What primary hospitals really lack is diagnostic ability, which is a scarce resource. As an inevitable starting point for graded diagnosis and treatment, artificial intelligence can enable grassroots people to enjoy homogeneous resources and services.

In this regard, Huiyi Huiying has cooperated strategically with China Telecom, China Unicom, Alibaba Cloud, Jiuzhoutong, excellent companies and teams in medical care, IT, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other dimensions, integrating various resources and its own solid technical foundation, hoping to provide a whole set of services for primary hospitals by taking the medical association as the carrier. Taking the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University as an example, Huiyi Huiying, based on cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence technology, built a set of intelligent imaging center for the Women and Children’s Union Medical Association, which realized the sharing of medical imaging information and diagnostic information in the medical association, promoted the integration and sharing of medical imaging resources and imaging medical resources, and all women and children’s medical institutions in the medical association could realize the uploading and centralized management of image data, as well as the sharing and reading of image information and diagnostic reports, and finally realized the sinking of high-quality medical resources.

The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University is not a case. It is reported that there are dozens of cases of such medical association imaging center. Guo Na said that in order to further promote the application and popularization of medical AI in primary medical institutions and greatly improve their diagnosis and treatment capabilities, Huiyi Huiying will launch the AI-empowered graded diagnosis and treatment public welfare 100 projects recently, and first provide 100 primary hospitals with free screening services for pulmonary nodules for one year. At present, Huiyi Huiying’s lung nodule screening products can quickly locate and label the lesions, and the automatic recognition accuracy of CT lung nodules exceeds 90%, which helps doctors improve the diagnostic efficiency and reduce the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Talking about starting from lung nodule screening, Guo Na said that this is based on the current national conditions and future strategic goals. On the one hand, lung cancer can be said to be the first killer of cancer in China. According to the 2013 Annual Report on Cancer Registration in China issued by the National Cancer Registry, there are about 600,000 new cases of lung cancer every year. Lung cancer accounts for 20.48% of all malignant tumors in the city and 27.05% of the mortality. It accounts for 18.05% of the incidence and 22.42% of the mortality of rural malignant tumors, and the incidence and mortality are on the rise. Pulmonary nodule screening can help primary hospitals to provide primary screening services.

On the other hand, the country is vigorously promoting the policy of graded diagnosis and treatment. The medical image cloud platform provided by Huiyi Huiying can provide a good cloud platform support for medical associations and graded diagnosis and treatment, help primary medical institutions and urban hospitals to share data and doctors’ resources, and truly realize "primary examination and superior diagnosis", which can be said to be in response to the call of national graded diagnosis and treatment.

As Chai Xiangfei said, "In the context of insufficient overall medical production capacity, the application of medical artificial intelligence to the grassroots is not only just needed at present, but also the environment is relatively mature. First, using artificial intelligence to help doctors improve the efficiency of diagnosis and liberate doctors from inefficient repetitive work; The second is to help grassroots doctors improve their diagnostic level and reduce the misdiagnosis rate at the grassroots level. Although this road is difficult to walk, we can’t quit because it is difficult. Someone has to do it, and it is valuable to do it. It is worthless not to do it. "

At present, Huiyi Huiying intelligent imaging products have entered more than 1000 hospitals and are widely used in hundreds of medical institutions. It can be said that AI+ primary medical institutions are an excellent pair of "CP", which has achieved a win-win situation for AI medical enterprises, primary medical institutions and primary patients, and has also greatly promoted the development of China’s AI medical industry.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, Huiyi Huiying has devoted herself to product development, upgrading and implementation. Based on the overall framework of Huiyi Huiying intelligent imaging solution, the algorithm and platform were upgraded for COVID-19 epidemic, and the "Trinity" COVID-19 AI solution was launched, which was helpful for clinical work by effectively combining intelligent auxiliary screening, intelligent remote consultation and digital intelligent film to empower COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. It has provided scientific and technological assistance to many designated hospitals and shelter hospitals in Beijing, Shanxi, Henan and other places, as well as in the center of Hubei epidemic area. The solution has achieved good feedback in clinical application. The landing application results of Huiyi Huiying COVID-19 AI solution have been reported and affirmed by the top domestic and international media, and also highly praised by the three users in the hospital.

Recently, in the face of the global COVID-19 epidemic, Huiyi Huiying developed and upgraded the artificial intelligence aided diagnosis system in COVID-19 for the rapid COVID-19 epidemic. At present, Huawei has been promoted in Germany, Russia, Thailand, South Africa, Malaysia and other 40+ countries, and has cooperated with 200+ hospitals to provide support for global epidemic prevention and control.

　　Cctv newsAccording to "Tianjin Hexi" WeChat WeChat official account news, the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of Hexi District reported on September 12 that at present, the situation of epidemic prevention and control in the whole country is still severe and complicated. Hexi District is located in the bustling area of this city, and people are highly mobile. In order to effectively reduce the risk of epidemic spread, safeguard the life safety and health of the broad masses of people, and ensure that there is no local large-scale epidemic around the "National Day", from September 13, 2022, the nucleic acid test will be negative for 72 hours in the whole region. The relevant information is hereby notified as follows:

　　I. Scope of inspection

　　Personnel entering all organs, enterprises and institutions in the district, tourist attractions, commercial buildings, supermarkets, vegetable markets and other crowded places; Migrant workers staying in hotels, hotels and other places and all residential areas.

　　Second, the inspection method

　　It is recommended to use the "Tianjin Digital Epidemic Prevention" APP to produce a 72-hour negative nucleic acid test certificate. Old people and children without smart phones can be assisted to inquire about the test results after their families are bound by the "Tianjin Digital Epidemic Prevention" APP. If there is no escort, they can download and print the test results in advance or register their identity information on site before entering.

　　Iii. Inspection requirements　

　　All kinds of public places should strictly implement the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control, urge the employees of this unit to take the initiative to participate in nucleic acid testing, and set up special personnel to check the negative certificate of nucleic acid testing within 72 hours. Residents of this community enter and leave the community with their "pass" (the health code of those who have not participated in nucleic acid screening within 72 hours is given "yellow code"). When migrant workers enter the community, please actively cooperate with the personnel on duty for inspection. All kinds of personnel entering residential areas and various public places must strictly implement epidemic prevention and control measures such as scanning codes, wearing masks and preventing gathering.

Intellectual property offices of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Sichuan Intellectual Property Service Promotion Center and relevant local centers; Local trade promotion agencies and industry trade promotion agencies:

In order to thoroughly implement the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Trade, the Outline for Building a Powerful Intellectual Property Country (2021-2035) and the Opinions on Strengthening Intellectual Property Protection, and comprehensively strengthen overseas intellectual property protection, we hereby put forward the following guiding opinions on further strengthening the construction of overseas intellectual property dispute settlement mechanism.

I. General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology and principles. Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 19th Congress, thoroughly implement the spirit of the important speech delivered by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader at the 25th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, adhere to overall coordination and multi-party linkage, base ourselves on the new development stage, grasp the new development concept, build a new development pattern, and strive to improve the guidance system for overseas intellectual property disputes. Strengthen information services, capacity building and support, promote international cooperation and competition in the field of intellectual property as a whole, earnestly safeguard national security in the field of intellectual property, effectively promote high-level opening up and promote high-quality economic development.

Adhere to government guidance, multi-party linkage, problem-oriented and key breakthroughs. Government departments take the lead in integrating the superior resources of trade associations, service organizations, enterprises and other parties, focusing on the pain points and difficulties of overseas rights protection of enterprises, focusing on key areas and key links, continuously improving the guidance system for overseas intellectual property disputes, and effectively increasing the assistance for overseas intellectual property rights protection.

(2) Work objectives. By 2025, an overseas intellectual property dispute response mechanism with horizontal interconnection, vertical intercommunication, cooperation and sharing between central and local governments will be basically established, a convenient and efficient international intellectual property risk early warning and emergency response mechanism will be initially formed, the foreign-related risk prevention and control system of intellectual property rights will be more perfect, the overseas intellectual property dispute response guidance service network will be more perfect, the awareness of overseas intellectual property protection of Chinese enterprises will be significantly enhanced, the ability to deal with overseas intellectual property disputes will be significantly improved, and the social satisfaction of overseas intellectual property dispute response guidance will reach and maintain a high level.

Two, improve the work system, enrich the overseas intellectual property dispute response network.

(3) Improve the guidance system for dealing with disputes. Optimize the layout of work outlets, lay out and build local sub-centers of the National Overseas Intellectual Property Dispute Response Guidance Center in places with high demand, good foundation and mature conditions, and explore the construction of overseas sub-centers of the National Overseas Intellectual Property Dispute Response Guidance Center in key trading countries (regions) to form an overseas dispute response service network. Establish and improve the work rules for dealing with disputes, realize standard management, standardize operation, and comprehensively improve the ability of dealing with overseas intellectual property disputes.

(4) Optimize the information service platform. Relying on the national overseas intellectual property information service platform "Zhinan Needle Network", we will strengthen the integration of information resources and gradually realize the efficient circulation and sharing of overseas intellectual property information throughout the country. Optimize the website of the National Overseas Intellectual Property Dispute Response Guidance Center, and promote the smooth interconnection between the National Guidance Center and the websites of local sub-centers and overseas sub-centers. Promote the upgrade of business modules, and constantly improve the "four-in-one" information service network of websites, service numbers, small programs and offline salons.

(5) Strengthen the support system for dispute handling guidance talents. Improve the overseas intellectual property expert consultation system, strengthen the construction of overseas intellectual property dispute response guidance expert database, encourage and support the docking of expert databases around the country, and fully share expert resources. Select and cultivate overseas intellectual property research think tanks and conduct research on major overseas intellectual property disputes. Guide export-oriented enterprises, intellectual property and legal service institutions to strengthen the training of overseas intellectual property practitioners and strengthen the overseas intellectual property talent reserve. Establish an overseas intellectual property Commissioner system to help enterprises expand overseas intellectual property protection talent resources.

Third, strengthen guidance services and improve the level of overseas intellectual property disputes.

(6) Strengthen overseas risk prevention and control and dispute response guidance services. Establish and improve the tracking and publishing mechanism of overseas intellectual property litigation, trade investigation and other information, provide early warning services for enterprises in a timely manner, and strengthen the guidance of coping strategies. Strengthen intellectual property rights protection assistance services for overseas key exhibitions, strengthen exchanges, cooperation and coordination and consultation with exhibition organizers and law enforcement agencies in the host places, and realize the full chain service of pre-exhibition training and risk investigation, exhibition resident service and rights protection guidance, post-exhibition case tracking and summary feedback. Establish and improve the early warning and response mechanism for overseas registered trademarks of enterprises in China, continuously update the guidelines for trademark rights protection in key overseas countries, and guide China enterprises to reasonably deal with overseas trademark disputes. Carry out the construction of overseas intellectual property risk prevention and control system in key industries, monitor key overseas intellectual property information in real time, strengthen the research on overseas intellectual property protection mode of key industries, and provide timely guidance services for overseas intellectual property risk prevention and control and dispute response.

(seven) to promote the development of diversified dispute resolution mechanism. Promote the establishment of intellectual property arbitration institutions and mediation organizations, explore the establishment of intellectual property professional committees in overseas civil and commercial dispute mediation institutions, give full play to the advantages of diversified dispute resolution mechanisms such as arbitration and mediation, provide efficient and convenient overseas intellectual property dispute resolution platforms for Chinese enterprises, and guide enterprises to quickly resolve overseas intellectual property disputes through reconciliation, mediation and arbitration.

(eight) encourage the use of various means to reduce the cost of overseas rights protection of enterprises. Encourage insurance institutions to carry out overseas intellectual property infringement liability insurance, patent enforcement insurance, patent infringement loss insurance and overseas exhibition intellectual property disputes legal fees insurance, and reduce the cost of overseas intellectual property rights protection for enterprises. We will promote the establishment and improvement of overseas IPR protection and mutual assistance mechanisms, encourage enterprises to set up overseas IPR protection and mutual assistance funds, and ease the pressure on overseas IPR protection funds.

Fourth, strengthen information services and optimize the dynamic release mechanism of overseas intellectual property rights.

(nine) to carry out overseas intellectual property legal system tracking research. Establish and improve the dynamic tracking mechanism, strengthen the tracking research on the revision of intellectual property laws, regulations and policies in key countries (regions), and timely release the information on the adjustment and change of intellectual property protection legal system and policy environment in key countries (regions). Continue to issue national guides for intellectual property protection in key countries (regions). Regularly update the official fee information of intellectual property rights in key countries (regions).

(ten) to strengthen the analysis and research of major typical cases. Collect and sort out typical cases of overseas intellectual property disputes, and gradually establish and enrich case databases in the fields of patents, trademarks, geographical indications, trade secrets and unfair competition. Strengthen the study of typical cases and release risk warning or early warning information in time. Strengthen the statistics, analysis and judgment of overseas trade information data of key countries (regions) to provide basic support for enterprises to deal with intellectual property-related trade investigations.

(eleven) to carry out environmental assessment of overseas intellectual property protection. In view of the intellectual property difficulties encountered by enterprises in China in the process of "going global", a survey report on the business environment of key countries (regions) was released. Improve the evaluation index system of intellectual property protection index and publish the annual global intellectual property protection index report.

Five, strengthen the professional construction, improve the ability of market players to deal with overseas disputes.

(twelve) to enhance the awareness and ability of overseas intellectual property protection of enterprises. Focus on the intellectual property protection needs of China enterprises in the process of "going global", focus on the key areas and key links of overseas intellectual property disputes, and carry out special training for enterprises and other market entities to comprehensively enhance their awareness of overseas intellectual property protection and their ability to deal with disputes. Establish a contact mechanism with overseas intellectual property and legal service institutions, select a number of qualified and powerful domestic and foreign intellectual property and legal service institutions, publish a list of service institutions that meet the needs of enterprises’ foreign trade development, and provide professional and high-quality services for enterprises. Explore the establishment of a "1+1" cooperation mechanism between domestic service agencies and overseas legal service agencies to provide enterprises with professional and high-quality services with controllable costs.

(XIII) Improve the information communication mechanism for overseas intellectual property protection. Establish and improve the communication mechanism for overseas intellectual property protection of China enterprises, understand the demands of enterprises, and strengthen information exchange and experience sharing among all parties. To carry out overseas intellectual property protection work, we should focus on enterprise cultivation projects and build a network of overseas intellectual property observation enterprises. Improve the information notification and emergency response mechanism for major overseas intellectual property disputes. Explore the establishment of feedback channels for Chinese enterprises to encounter unfair treatment of intellectual property rights and give targeted support and guidance. Organize local and industry associations for the promotion of international trade to build an overseas intellectual property rights protection assistance platform for enterprises, open a service hotline, and rely on overseas intellectual property expert consultants to provide public welfare consulting services.

(14) Strengthen foreign cooperation and exchanges on intellectual property protection. Actively promote the coordination and response of overseas intellectual property disputes and improve the overseas law enforcement cooperation mechanism. Give full play to the functions of the overseas representative offices of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, strengthen communication with relevant institutions in the host countries, and support and guide "going global" enterprises to do a good job in overseas intellectual property protection. Timely convey China’s intellectual property protection policy trends to overseas foreign associations, relevant institutions and enterprises, comprehensively use various international exchange and cooperation platforms, and actively publicize China’s intellectual property protection development achievements.

Six, strengthen organizational guarantee, and lay a solid foundation for the construction of overseas dispute response mechanism.

(15) Strengthen organizational leadership. China National Intellectual Property Administration and the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade will strengthen the top-level design of overseas intellectual property disputes, and make overall planning and coordination. The provincial intellectual property management departments, together with the local and trade promotion councils, will make overall plans to promote the response to overseas intellectual property disputes within their respective jurisdictions, strengthen coordination and linkage, establish working mechanisms, integrate regional resources, form joint efforts, and comprehensively promote all work. Major issues arising in the work should be reported to the China National Intellectual Property Administration and China Committees for the Promotion of International Trade in a timely manner.

(sixteen) do a good job in the implementation of the work. All provincial intellectual property management departments, local and industry CCPIT should improve their sense of responsibility and strictly implement their responsibilities in accordance with the division of functions. It is necessary to respond to the actual demand in combination with overseas intellectual property disputes in the region and the industry, refine the work objectives and implementation plans, increase resource input, strengthen team building, strengthen comprehensive security, and ensure the effectiveness of the work.

(seventeen) to strengthen publicity and guidance. All provincial intellectual property management departments, local and industry CCPIT should make full use of various platform channels, innovate ways and means, and increase the publicity of overseas intellectual property disputes. Select typical cases for key publicity and interpretation, so that more enterprises can understand overseas intellectual property protection work, create a good social environment for the detailed implementation of various tasks, and give full play to the role of overseas intellectual property dispute response mechanism.

China National Intellectual Property Administration　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

November 30, 2021　　　　　　　

Image source: the idea of the worm

First, Amazon

Founded in 1994, Amazon is the world’s largest cross-border e-commerce platform. At present, the cross-border e-commerce Amazon’s retail product line covers books, audio-visual products, software, consumer electronics, household appliances, kitchen utensils, food, toys, maternal and child products, cosmetics, daily necessities, sports equipment, clothing, shoes and hats, jewelry and other categories.

Second, AliExpress

AliExpress is Alibaba’s online trading platform for the international market. Founded in 2010, its customers and buyers have covered more than 220 countries and regions, covering 30 first-class industry categories such as clothing, 3C, home and accessories.

Third, ebay

EBay (EBAY Chinese Electronic Bay, Yibei, Yi Bei) is an online auction and shopping website that allows people all over the world to buy and sell goods online. Ebay was founded in San Jose, California on September 4th, 1995 by Pierre Omidyar under the name of Auctionweb. People can sell goods online on ebay.

Fourth, Shopee

Shopee is an e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia and Taiwan, China. In 2015, it was established and headquartered in Singapore, and then expanded to seven major markets: Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Viet Nam and the Philippines. Shopee has a variety of goods, including consumer electronics, home, beauty care, maternal and child, clothing and fitness equipment.

V. Coupang

Coupang is the largest cross-border e-commerce platform in Korea, an e-commerce enterprise headquartered in Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Its founder is Bom Kim, and the company was established in 2010. In May 2015, the company’s total financing has reached 1.4 billion US dollars, and Coupang’s valuation has exceeded one trillion won, about 913 million US dollars.

Sixth, Wish

A mobile e-commerce shopping APP in North America. In 2018, Wish supplied more than 200 million products to more than 350 million consumers around the world, with more than 90 million monthly active users and 125,000 active merchants. The daily shipment reached 2 million orders, and the orders mainly came from the United States, Canada, Europe and other regions around the world.

VII. Lazada

Lazada, one of the largest online shopping websites in Southeast Asia. With the support of SamwerBrothers, a German business incubator, Lazada mainly targets users in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. Lazada Group has become the flagship e-commerce platform of Alibaba Group in Southeast Asia since 2016.

Eight, Cdiscount

The largest e-commerce platform in France, established in 1998, belongs to the Casino Group, including the sales of 3C digital, home, gardening, outdoor and entertainment products.

Nine, Ozon

Ozon is a Russian B2C e-commerce platform and the largest online retailer in Russia. It was founded in 1998 and is often called "Russian Amazon" or "Russian Taobao". Ozon has more sales categories than other Russian e-commerce platforms, covering books, electronics, clothing, family, children, beauty, food and pets, sports and other commodity categories, so that sellers have more distribution options.

X. 11th 11street

11th Street ranks among the top three most popular e-commerce websites in Korea, and local platforms in Turkey, Malaysia and Thailand are currently in operation. It is an open platform operated by celcom planesdn.bhd.

(Source: Cross-border compass)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s cross-border position! This article is reproduced with the authorization of the original author, and it needs the authorization and consent of the original author. ?

　　CCTV News:On August 29th, the website of Shenyang Municipal Government reported that the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of COVID-19 in Shenyang announced that at present, many cases of people with abnormal nucleic acid test results were found in the regional nucleic acid screening in Shenyang. In order to resolutely and effectively block the spread of the epidemic, effectively protect people’s life safety and health, and reduce the risk of epidemic spread caused by the flow and gathering of people, the relevant measures for strict epidemic prevention and control are hereby announced as follows:

　　First, strict prevention and control measures during regional nucleic acid detection

　　From 0: 00 on August 30 to 24: 00 on September 5, the city continuously carried out regional nucleic acid testing.

　　1. All the people living in Shenyang, before sampling, remain relatively static in their places of residence. According to the unified deployment of the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of each district, county (city) and the organizational arrangement of streets (towns) and communities (villages), nucleic acid testing will be carried out in an orderly manner, and no one will be missed. Only after participating in the nucleic acid sampling can people go to work, go to school and arrange necessary travel.

　　2. The citizens should consciously obey the community (village) organization and on-site management, do personal protection throughout the process, keep a distance of more than 1.5 meters with others, and do not cut in line, talk or gather.

　　3. From now on, the effective time limit of "Liaoshitong" health code will be adjusted from 72 hours to 48 hours. Those who fail to participate in nucleic acid testing within the prescribed time limit will be given a "yellow code" for their health code, and those who cause the spread of the epidemic will be held accountable according to law.

　　4. Shopping malls, supermarkets, hotels, scenic spots, farmers’ markets and other public places with dense personnel, closed space and prone to cluster epidemics shall strictly implement the epidemic prevention and control requirements such as limited quantity and peak shifting, and the number of customers accepted shall not exceed 50% of the maximum carrying capacity.

　　5. Closed public places such as theaters, bath centers, massage parlors, beauty salons, gymnasiums, chess rooms, secret rooms, entertainment halls, cultural centers (stations), Internet cafes, indoor scenic spots, KTV, dance halls, discos, performance venues, and direct sales experience venues are temporarily closed; Night markets, flower and bird markets, and large rural gatherings will be closed in the morning and evening; Restaurants Restaurants are suspended from eating.

　　6. Party and government organs, enterprises and institutions at all levels shall implement "two points and one line", fully implement measures such as nucleic acid detection and health monitoring, and urge them to go to the nearest fever clinic for investigation if abnormal symptoms are found. Advocate qualified citizens to work at home as much as possible and reduce the flow of people.

　　7 welfare institutions, pension institutions, mental health institutions, public security and judicial administrative supervision institutions and other temporary closed management, stop unnecessary visits.

　　8. Primary and secondary schools, kindergartens and off-campus training institutions temporarily stop offline teaching.

　　9. All kinds of public transport vehicles must be disinfected and ventilated, and the drivers and passengers should strictly protect themselves and conduct nucleic acid testing in accordance with industry regulations. Take public transport must strictly check the "four-piece set" (code scanning, temperature measurement, wearing a mask, negative proof of 48-hour nucleic acid test), and the passengers in the car shall not exceed 50% of the rated passenger capacity.

　　10. The city’s long-distance buses and tourist chartered buses (excluding those returning to other cities) are suspended from operation, and the buses and subways (light rail) in the nine urban areas of the city are operating normally during the morning and evening peak hours (6: 00 to 8: 30, 16: 30 to 19: 00), and the interval between vehicles during the peak hours is doubled as that during the daily peak hours.

　　11. Carefully organize large-scale meetings, forums, exhibitions, sales promotions and other personnel gathering activities. If it can be postponed, it will be postponed, and if it can be online, it will be online. In accordance with the principle of "who sponsors who is responsible and who approves who is responsible", the requirements for epidemic prevention and control will be strictly implemented.

　　12. If the wedding is postponed, the funeral is simple, and the banquet is not held, to reduce the gathering time and control the number of people, the participants must strictly implement the "four-piece set".

　　13. Advocate the general public in the city not to leave Shen unless it is necessary. Those who really need to leave Shen must hold a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours and travel with the green code of "Liaoshitong Health Code".

　　District and county (city) epidemic prevention and control headquarters can formulate specific prevention and control programs in combination with the actual situation.

　　Second, strict normalization of epidemic prevention and control key measures

　　1. Strictly implement the "active filing". Before arriving in Shenyang, all foreign (returning) Shen personnel should download the "Grand Event Link" App, search for "Grand Event Link" by WeChat applet or scan the QR code of "Self-reported by Shen personnel", complete self-reported to local communities (villages) and units one day in advance, report to local communities (villages) and units as soon as they arrive in Shenyang, and implement various control measures according to requirements. The community (village) should do a good job in service to ensure the living needs of residents.

　　2. Strictly "check on landing". At airports, railway stations, passenger stations, highways and other entry channels, they will be reported for inspection, and "landing" nucleic acid testing will be conducted free of charge.

　　3. Strictly implement classified control measures. Strictly implement classified control measures such as centralized isolation, home isolation, home health monitoring and nucleic acid detection for those who come (return) to Shenyang in high, medium and low risk areas outside the territory.

　　4. In high-risk areas, people who really need to go out for medical treatment should be coordinated and arranged by communities (villages) and streets (towns), and a special car should be used for personal protection and closed-loop management.

　　5. In the medium-risk area, "people don’t leave the area and take things at the wrong peak". For those who really need to go out for medical treatment, the community (village) will issue a certificate and make a good audit and registration.

　　6. In low-risk areas, "personal protection, avoiding gathering" shall be implemented, and during the period, going out as little as possible, not gathering, not getting together, and doing personal protection when going out; Strictly implement measures such as booking, peak shifting, current limiting, temperature measurement, registration and wearing masks when entering indoor public places.

　　7. All kinds of units, institutions, public places, residential areas, "nine small places" and other comprehensive applications of "place code" to achieve global coverage, everything must be swept; Strictly check the "four-piece set" for all personnel entering.

　　8. All pharmacies should register the personnel who buy antipyretic, antitussive, antiviral, antibiotic, cold and other drugs with their real names.

　　Third, strictly compact the "four-party responsibility"

　　We will further tighten the "four-party responsibility" of the territories, departments, units and individuals, and strictly implement various prevention and control measures such as "four-piece inspection", reporting of personnel coming (returning) to Shenyang, inspection on landing, site code, employee monitoring and daily ventilation and disinfection in accordance with the requirements of epidemic prevention and control. Places, units and individuals that fail to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control and fail to implement the "four-party responsibility" according to regulations shall be dealt with severely according to law.

　　Citizens and friends, in the face of severe and complicated epidemic situation, let’s tighten the string of epidemic prevention and control together, always do personal protection, adhere to good living habits such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, often ventilating, using public chopsticks, consciously abide by various epidemic prevention regulations, protect ourselves and defend the city, and love and protect the city as home!

　　This circular shall come into force as of the date of promulgation, and shall be adjusted as the epidemic situation changes.