Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 1st Question: How effective are these measures to protect minors after one year’s implementation?

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter

　　Strengthening network protection, preventing and controlling school bullying, and mandatory reporting system … … On June 1, 2021, the newly revised Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency were officially implemented, protecting "you as a teenager" in all directions.

　　One year later, how effective are these measures? The reporter of "Xinhua Viewpoint" conducted an investigation.

　　Network protection: games and participation in live broadcast are limited, and there are still loopholes to be filled.

　　The new law on the protection of minors adds a chapter on "network protection", which provides for the prevention of network addiction and network consumption management.

　　Over the past year, all relevant departments have made efforts in succession: in August last year, the State Press and Publication Administration issued a notice clarifying that online game services should not be provided to minors unless the time is specified; In May this year, the Central Civilization Office and other four departments issued opinions prohibiting minors from participating in live broadcast rewards and strictly controlling minors to engage in anchor … …

　　Each network platform responds. Tencent prohibits minors under the age of 12 from spending money in the game, and carries out face recognition on night game login of real-name users over the age of 55. In the fourth quarter of last year, the proportion of domestic minors’ game time dropped to 0.9%. In Aauto Quicker, highly suspected minor accounts without parental authorization are included in the youth mode and the broadcasting function is restricted. At present, tens of thousands of users have been forced to be included in this mode.

　　Although many measures have been taken, the reporter found that there are still minors trying to "bypass" the anti-addiction mechanism. Some parents in Fujian reported that children took the opportunity of online classes to "walk away" their parents’ mobile phones and used their parents’ real-name authentication to play games and buy game equipment.

　　In this regard, Zhang Yiteng, a senior partner of Beijing Kangda (Xiamen) Law Firm, suggested to further improve the anti-addiction mechanism for minors and truly build a firewall to prevent minors from internet addiction.

　　In response to the problem of "quietly rewarding" some underage users on short video and live broadcast platforms, Shen Aiguo, a professor at Zhejiang University City College, said that parents should take care of their online accounts and related financial accounts; At the same time, relevant platforms should also upgrade technical measures to find and stop the reward behavior of suspected underage users in time.

　　Bullying prevention and control: the system is gradually improved, and there are still problems such as difficulty in finding and identifying.

　　Violent beatings, verbal abuse and collective isolation … … The problem of student bullying frequently provokes public nerves.

　　The new law on the protection of minors stipulates that schools should establish a system for the prevention and control of bullying by students. Over the past year, from the central government to the local government, a series of measures have been introduced intensively.

　　The Regulations on the Protection of Minors’ Schools, which came into effect on September 1 last year, set up a special protection system for students’ bullying, campus sexual assault and other social concerns. From May 1 this year, every primary and secondary school should be equipped with at least one vice president of the rule of law to participate in organizations such as student protection committees and student bullying management.

　　In terms of local legislation, the "Regulations on Prevention and Control of school bullying in Liaoning Province (Draft)" was first reviewed in April this year; The local laws and regulations of Beijing, Shanghai, Hebei and Gansu also stipulate the school bullying issue.

　　Under a series of combination punches, the problem has improved obviously. According to the statistics of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, in 2021, the number of cases of crimes of school violence and bullying prosecuted by procuratorial organs nationwide decreased by 74.7% compared with the same period in 2018.

　　However, the reporter’s investigation found that there are still problems such as "difficult to prevent, difficult to find, difficult to identify and difficult to deal with". Some teachers have reported that in some "suspected" school bullying cases, the definition criteria are not clear, which brings difficulties to qualitative disposal.

　　In this regard, the "Regulations on Prevention and Control of school bullying, Liaoning Province (Draft)" defines the specific measures for the prevention and disposal of school bullying one by one in the form of a special chapter. Fu Weichuan, president of Shenyang No.134 Middle School, said that on the basis of legislative norms, supporting measures should be formulated to refine the main responsibilities of family, school, society, network, government and judiciary, and to deal with them scientifically according to laws and regulations, so as to make school bullying’s prevention and control mechanism work more effectively.

　　Mandatory reporting: A number of hidden cases were found to increase the rigid constraint on non-reporting.

　　Infringements on minors often occur in "hidden corners" and it is difficult to find them in time. One of the highlights of the new law on the protection of minors is that it has absorbed the compulsory reporting system that has been effective in practice before.

　　In the past year, the system has played an obvious role. A few days ago, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate reported a typical case: when handling a case of rape of a girl, the People’s Procuratorate of donggang city, Liaoning Province found that in October 2021, Ji Moumou, a gynecologist of an outpatient department in donggang city, performed an induced abortion operation for Sun Moumou, knowing that he was a minor, without a guardian to accompany him and sign for confirmation, and did not report it to the relevant departments. The procuratorial organ informed the donggang city Municipal Health Bureau of the relevant situation and suggested that the medical institutions and personnel involved should be held accountable according to law. The outpatient department was subsequently given an administrative penalty of warning, confiscation of illegal income and a fine of 20 thousand yuan, and the relevant departments were cancelled; Ji Moumou, a doctor, was given an administrative penalty of suspending his practice for six months.

　　According to the statistics of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, in the first quarter of this year, the number of compulsory reporting cases in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi and Ningxia all more than doubled year-on-year.

　　"Mandatory reporting ‘ Every case must be investigated ’ Since the establishment of the mechanism, 2,854 cases of crimes against minors have been prosecuted by procuratorial organs, and a number of hidden cases of crimes against minors have been discovered in time. " Na Yanfang, director of the Ninth Procuratorate of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, said.

　　Many places have also introduced detailed measures based on their own reality. For example, Xihu District of Hangzhou stipulates that if the front desk staff finds that adults bring minors, especially children under the age of 14, or if minors ask for registration alone or in multiple people, they must ask about the relationship, the purpose of occupancy and whether the guardian knows, and report to the local police station in time.

　　In other fields, the Ministry of Civil Affairs has taken the implementation of the compulsory reporting system as one of the national standards for the protection of minors. The newly revised "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Physician Law" also provides for the implementation of mandatory reporting system in related industries.

　　The relevant person in charge of the procuratorate in Xihu District, Hangzhou suggested that the punishment measures for failing to fulfill the compulsory reporting obligations should be implemented in detail and the incentives for active reporting should be increased; Clear the lead department, set up a report telephone for unified acceptance.

　　Crime Prevention: Strengthening the Construction of Specialized Schools and Solving the Social Problems Behind problem children

　　Some minors who have committed crimes are out of the control of their parents and schools, and they are caught in a vicious circle of "grasping and releasing".

　　The new law on the prevention of juvenile delinquency is clear, and the state strengthens the construction of special schools and provides special education for minors with serious bad behavior.

　　The reporter learned that some specialized schools are exploring a new path of replacing punishment with teaching and intervening in advance to help the delinquent minors return to society better.

　　"In the early days, like some old-fashioned work-study schools, we relied on a huge amount of military training to cultivate students’ awareness of rules." Yin Zhangwei, director of the Academic Affairs Office of Guangzhou Xinsui School, told the reporter that at present, the school vigorously promotes the construction of school-based courses such as aesthetic education courses and mental health courses, and makes students consciously correct their mistakes through the internalization of educational concepts. After the implementation of these teaching methods, some students are promoted to key high schools and universities.

　　Graded intervention to correct the abnormal behavior of minors is an important concept of the new law on the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Guangzhou City is exploring the construction of different types of specialized schools for the three different education and correction objects: minors with general or serious bad behaviors, minors involved in crimes who are conditionally not prosecuted or exempted from prosecution, and juvenile offenders who are serving sentences.

　　Behind the "problem children" are social problems. The relevant person in charge of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate said that the procuratorial organs should strengthen the analysis of the causes, laws and trends of cases in handling cases, and cooperate with families, schools and society to solve the deep-seated social problems behind cases involving minors, so as to prevent minors from committing crimes more effectively. (Reporter Bai Yang, Xu Zhuang, Liu Yuzhan, Yan Zhihong, Wang Ying, Wu Shuaishuai, Yang Shuxin)

1. Plot gp2025-01, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province. The project is located in the north of Wulin Street and the west of Poxuequan Road in Jiangnan Development Zone, Mudanjiang City. The land area of the project is about 66,700 square meters, the plot ratio is 1.3, and the floor area is about 86,700 square meters. The land is used for commercial and residential purposes, with a total land price of 97 million yuan. The company owns 100% interest in this project.

2. Tianjin Jinnan International Exhibition East Zone B Phase I residential plot. The project is located in the East Zone of the International Exhibition in Jinnan District, Tianjin. The land area of the project is about 20,100 square meters, the plot ratio is 1.2, and the floor area is about 24,100 square meters. The land use is residential land with a total land price of 133 million yuan. The company owns 40% interest in this project.

3. Tianjin Jinnan International Exhibition East Zone B Phase I commercial plot. The project is located in the East Zone of the International Exhibition in Jinnan District, Tianjin. The land area of the project is about 29,700 square meters, the plot ratio is 3, and the floor area is about 89,000 square meters. The land use is commercial land with a total land price of 149 million yuan. The company owns 10% interest in this project.

(Reporter Wang Xiaobo)

Image source: the idea of the worm

Due to the impact of the epidemic, today’s cross-border e-commerce has become more and more difficult. However, compared with the involution of domestic e-commerce, cross-border e-commerce is still relatively easy to do. As a result, it has also attracted a large number of people to join the cross-border e-commerce industry. However, there are so many cross-border platforms. How to choose as a small white who has just entered the cross-border business? Today, I have sorted out several mainstream cross-border platforms for you to refer to and compare.

No matter which platform you choose, it is very important to choose products, because it accounts for 60% of the whole cross-border business.

Amazon

One of the earliest cross-border platforms, it is also the first choice for many businesses to go to sea. It helps domestic businesses to seize the new opportunities of cross-border e-commerce, develop export business, expand the global market and build international brands. Moreover, the current Amazon has a fairly complete logistics and warehousing system, allowing businesses to concentrate on operating stores without worries.

But for other cross-border platforms, Amazon’s rules are relatively strict, and businesses need to operate in strict accordance with Amazon’s rules.

Advantages:

(1) large flow,Hundreds of millions of people visit the Amazon market every month, which can bring great exposure to goods.

② Perfect service:Amazon has a first-class service system, and its own FBA logistics storage system can handle inventory, packaging, shipping and transportation for merchants, so that you can concentrate on Amazon store operation.

③ It covers a wide range, with 17 sites at present.

Disadvantages:

① Expensive: It is more expensive to settle in FBA warehouse; Moreover, it must also ensure that the stored goods can be sold. If they cannot be sold, you will face the status quo of losing money.

② Great competition: Large flow means great competition. There are a lot of stores in Amazon that sell similar products to you. They may be the source of businesses, and they will sell at lower prices because of their own production. This makes you have to use price war to get higher traffic, but your own profits will be reduced.

Shopee：

Shopee is a relatively large e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia. Since its establishment in Singapore in 2015, Shopee’s business has rapidly covered more than 10 markets including Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan, China, making it the fastest-growing e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia.

Advantages:

Low entry threshold: in some sites, you don’t need to pay any deposit to enter Shopee, as long as you have a business license, self-employed or business license. However, due to the rapid development of Shopee in recent years, a deposit of 3,000 yuan is required for domestic settlement.

Traffic: According to official statistics of Shopee, 40 million users visit Shopee every month, which is the largest e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia.

Perfect warehousing and logistics system: Shopee has warehouses in China and does not need international logistics, so it can be delivered to domestic transfer stations.

Disadvantages:

Low unit price: Compared with Amazon, Shopee’s main market is Southeast Asia, and the traffic is relatively small; Moreover, the current e-commerce market in Southeast Asia is immature, with high return rate, immature logistics system and relatively low unit price.

Consumers don’t trust you when you start late: Shopee platform started late, and the Southeast Asian market is weak and still in the development stage. Therefore, many consumers don’t have high trust in it, and most of them use cash on delivery.

eBay

EBay is also an established cross-border website, and its main services are online auction, e-commerce, shopping malls and so on. EBay has 37 independent websites and portals around the world, covering more than 190 countries and regions.

Advantages:

Have special customer service: eBay has special customer service, which can be communicated by telephone or online conversation.

Relatively flexible; EBay can be priced in a variety of ways, such as bidding without reserve price, bidding with low price, selling at a fixed price, etc., and the marketing methods of goods are also diversified.

Disadvantages:

Background operation is more difficult: at present, eBay only displays in English, so it will be more difficult for those businesses with weak English.

High cost: eBay doesn’t provide customs clearance service, so domestic merchants need to handle customs clearance by themselves.

Difficult to review: eBay is more inclined to buyers, has strict requirements for merchants, and the refund process is very low.

AliExpress

The full name of AliExpress is AliExpress, which is a cross-border e-commerce platform built by Alibaba in the international market, and is also called "international Taobao" by many sellers.

Advantages:

Low entry threshold: AliExpress has a low entry threshold and active trading, which is very suitable for many small businesses to export quickly.

The transaction process is convenient and fast: the exporter does not need to have the qualification of enterprise foreign trade, and does not need to import and declare in person, and the import and export can be completed by the logistics party.

Disadvantages:

Great competition: As the entry threshold of AliExpress is relatively low, a large number of cross-border people have settled in, and the homogenization competition is serious. Most businesses can only gain advantages through low prices.

Low profit: AliExpress mainly focuses on developing countries and underdeveloped countries.

Summary:

Finally, I want to say that no matter which cross-border platform you choose, you must first understand what you want to buy and who to sell it to. Only by clarifying the relationship between people and goods, can the overall operational objectives be determined, and better operational strategies be formulated to obtain more orders.

(Source: Dora)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s cross-border position! This article is reproduced with the authorization of the original author, and it needs the authorization and consent of the original author. ?

　　At least 1,500 people were killed in the conflict, and Saakashvili said that Russia and Georgia entered a state of war.

In South Ossetia, a Georgian tank was hit and burst into flames. This edition of photos was issued by Xinhua News Agency.

On the 9th, Georgia declared a "state of war".

Georgian soldiers ran past a building that caught fire after being attacked.

　　The conflict in South Ossetia, Georgia escalated on the 9th. The Russian military announced on the same day that it had taken control of Tskhinvali, which Georgia claimed to control the day before. Georgia declared a "state of war" on the 9th. Georgian President Saakashvili said that Russia "invaded Georgia without scruple". Although the two countries did not declare war, they actually entered a state of war.

　　At least 1,500 people have died in South Ossetia as of the 9th, and more than 30,000 refugees have flooded into Russia. US President Bush called for a ceasefire between the two sides.

　　situation on the battlefield

　　Russian troops killed and injured more than 100 people.

　　The conflict in South Ossetia, Georgia, continued on the 9th. Russian peacekeepers who entered South Ossetia took control of Tskhinvali that day. The Georgian side has not confirmed this statement. Anatoly Nagovitsyn, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, said on the 9th that two Russian warplanes were shot down.

　　This is the first time that Russia has admitted that the fighter plane was shot down. Georgia claimed on the same day that it shot down 10 Russian warplanes and destroyed 30 tanks.

　　Igor Konashenkov, Assistant Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, said that the number of peacekeepers killed in Russia rose to 15 on the 9th, and 150 were injured. It is unclear how many soldiers and equipment the two sides have invested.

　　respond

　　Ge recalled troops in Iraq

　　Georgian President mikhail saakashvili said on the 9th: "I signed a decree declaring the country into a state of war". Alexander Lomaya, secretary of Georgia’s National Security Council, later said that the Georgian parliament unanimously passed the order signed by Saakashvili on the same day, announcing that the country had entered a state of martial law for 15 days.

　　On the 9th, the Georgian government evacuated the staff in the Presidential Palace and other office buildings to guard against air strikes by Russian warplanes.

　　Bondo Maisuradze, commander of Georgian troops in Iraq, said on the 9th that Georgia plans to withdraw all its troops in Iraq and transfer them all to South Ossetia.

　　Maisuradze said: "All Georgian troops (in Iraq) should leave." He said that the specific withdrawal plan has not yet been finalized, and Georgia has asked the United States for assistance. Earlier, Saakashvili said in an interview with the media that he began to withdraw troops stationed in Iraq on the 9 th. There are 2000 Georgian troops in Iraq.

　　progress

　　Russia wants to send more troops to promote peace

　　Russian President Dmitry Medvedev convened Defense Minister Anatoly serdyukov and Armed Forces Chief of Staff Nikolai makarov to discuss the situation in South Ossetia on the 9th. Medvedev said: "Russian peacekeepers and reinforcements are now taking action to force Georgia to (agree to restore) peace." Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that "the situation in South Ossetia continues to deteriorate" and has now suffered a "humanitarian disaster". He said that about 1,500 people in South Ossetia died in the conflict, and the death toll continues to rise.

　　Itar-Tass quoted sergey sobyanin, director of the Russian Prime Minister’s Office, as saying: "More than 30,000 refugees have poured into Russia in the past 36 hours."

　　■ Link

　　China calls on all parties to the conflict to cease fire.

　　China’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said on the 9th that China is seriously concerned about the escalation of tension and armed conflict in South Ossetia. China calls on relevant parties to exercise restraint and cease fire immediately. Qin Gang said: We sincerely hope that all parties to the conflict can resolve their disputes peacefully through dialogue, so as to maintain peace and stability in the region.

　　US President Bush, who is in Beijing, said on the evening of 9th that the armed conflict in South Ossetia has affected the peace of the whole region. He called on all parties to cease fire immediately and return to the position before August 6.

　　The United Nations Security Council met on the 8th to discuss the conflict in South Ossetia, but the 15 members failed to reach an agreement. This is the second meeting of the Security Council in the past two days to discuss this issue.

　　analyse

　　The United States and Russia wrestle over South Ossetia.

　　Georgian President Saakashvili has been pursuing the policy of actively integrating into the West and joining NATO since he took office. This policy is strongly supported by the United States.

　　After Kosovo declared independence in February this year, Russia began to adjust its policy toward South Ossetia in order to counter the US position of recognizing Kosovo’s independence. On March 21, the Russian State Duma adopted a statement suggesting that the Russian President and government consider recognizing the independence of South Ossetia. Subsequently, then Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered relevant Russian parties to provide material assistance to residents of South Ossetia and Russian expatriates, and to establish a local mechanism to comprehensively protect the rights and freedoms of Russian expatriates.

　　In view of this situation, Georgia resolutely opposes it on the one hand, and actively seeks international support, especially the support of the United States on the other. The Georgian army has also strengthened construction, equipped with new weapons, received training from American instructors, and conducted joint military exercises with the United States and other countries.

　　Analysts believe that the independence of South Ossetia is a major obstacle for Georgia to join NATO, and Georgia launched such a large-scale military operation to eliminate this obstacle. Russia will never allow Georgia’s central government to fully control this region.

　　Analysts believe that the United States and Russia are two key supporters of Georgia and South Ossetia respectively. The policies of the United States and Russia will affect the trend of the situation in South Ossetia.

　　Special text According to Xinhua News Agency

　　■ background

　　South Ossetia has a long history.

　　South Ossetia, located in the Caucasus, is an autonomous prefecture of Georgia, bordering Russia’s North Ossetia, with an area of 3,900 square kilometers and 70,000 residents. South Ossetia demanded independence in the early 1990s, and there were many armed conflicts with the Georgian central government.

　　Since 1992, Russia, Georgia, South Ossetia and North Ossetia have formed the Quadripartite Mixed Supervisory Committee to resolve the conflict in South Ossetia, and the former three parties have formed a mixed peacekeeping force to station in the conflict area.

　　After taking office in early 2004, Georgian President Saakashvili promised to restore Georgia’s control over the entire South Ossetia region.

　　In November 2006, the second referendum in South Ossetia passed the demand for independence, but it was not recognized by the central government.

　　On August 7, 2008, Saakashvili announced a ceasefire and called on the South Ossetian authorities to cease fire immediately and respond to the proposal of direct negotiations. South Ossetia said it agreed to a temporary ceasefire.

Editor: Zhang Renhe

You may think that you are in good health and there will be no major problems, but you know what? Some people suddenly fell down and never woke up because of temporary excitement or fatigue. This is sudden death, an unpredictable fatal event.

There seems to be nothing wrong. Why did you die suddenly?

Is there any rule of sudden death? Is there any warning? Can we avoid it? To answer these questions, let’s take a look at a recent study.

This study was published in the journal chinese journal of critical care medicine in April, 2020, entitled "Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of 5,516 Cases of Autopsy Sudden Death in China". The researchers dissected the bodies of 5516 cases of sudden death and found the following important findings:

1. Emotional excitement and fatigue are the most common causes.

The study found that among the causes of sudden death, emotional excitement accounted for 26%, fatigue accounted for 25%, and blood volume change accounted for 8.95%. Other inducements include drinking, satiety and minor injuries.

2. Heart problem is the main reason.

It was found that among the causes of sudden death, cardiogenic sudden death accounted for 57.76%, pulmonary sudden death accounted for 21.63%, and brain-derived sudden death accounted for 9.21%. Sudden cardiac death is mainly caused by coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and arrhythmia.

3. There are often some uncomfortable signals before sudden death.

It is found that people with symptoms and signs in sudden death are most often manifested as sudden attack (20.10%), rest and sleep (16.71%), followed by vomiting (7.49%), dyspnea, chest tightness and sweating, dizziness, chest pain, abdominal pain, convulsion, headache, palpitation, cough and disturbance of consciousness.

People with chronic diseases are more prone to sudden death.

It was found that hypertension (37.95%), heart disease (30.02%) and diabetes (23.79%) were the most common among those with past history. Followed by dysplasia, hyperlipidemia, tumor, infection, hyperthyroidism and so on.

5.30 ~ 63 years old is the high incidence age of sudden cardiac death.

People in this age group are at an important stage of their career and family, with high work pressure, fast pace of life, irregular diet, and addiction to cigarettes and good wine, which may easily lead to "three highs" and coronary heart disease.

How to avoid sudden death? Please do the following three points.

From these laws, we can get some enlightenment:

Middle-aged people should pay attention to controlling their emotions!

Do you often get angry and quarrel with others because of some small things? Are you sometimes so excited that you get carried away and even laugh until you cry? You may think these are normal emotional expressions, but you know what? These mood swings may bring fatal danger to your heart!

A media person once witnessed such a tragedy. Her father-in-law was taken to the hospital because of a sudden acute myocardial infarction, and survived after the rescue. However, she found that in her father-in-law’s ward, the other six patients have one thing in common: they are all quick-tempered and short-tempered, and they are emotional, angry and angry when things happen.

She learned a lesson from it: these people are all out of control because of their emotions, which leads to heart problems!

Why is emotional excitement harmful to the heart?

It turns out that when we are angry or excited, the body will secrete a lot of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which will double the blood flow of the heart, strengthen the contractility of the heart and accelerate the heartbeat. At the same time, blood vessels will contract, blood pressure will increase and blood viscosity will increase. In this way, the heart will bear a greater burden, prone to arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, chest tightness, palpitation and other symptoms. If the duration is too long or the frequency is too high, it may induce serious cardiovascular events such as angina pectoris or myocardial infarction.

Therefore, middle-aged people should learn to adjust their emotions and maintain peace. Don’t vent or suppress things that don’t go your way, but find a suitable way to release the pressure. For example, you can chat with friends, listen to music, do sports and read books. This can not only relax the body and mind, but also enhance the physical fitness, which is beneficial to the heart.

Middle-aged people should rest moderately and avoid overwork!

Are you often so busy with work and family that you even ignore your physical discomfort? You may think it’s your responsibility and responsibility, but you know what? This lifestyle may make your heart stop beating at any time!

Research shows that many sudden deaths have experienced high pressure, long-term and high-intensity working conditions. This kind of work will make your sympathetic nerves overexcited, leading to heart overload, arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. If the duration is too long or the frequency is too high, it may lead to fatal cardiovascular events such as arrhythmia or myocardial infarction. Some people die suddenly because of working overtime overnight, mood swings and nervous stress, which leads to neurological dysfunction, coronary artery spasm and sudden stop of blood supply to the heart.

Therefore, middle-aged people should arrange their work and rest reasonably, don’t be overworked, and don’t stay up late to hurt themselves. It is necessary to do some aerobic exercise properly to relax and enhance physical fitness. It is necessary to have a regular physical examination to find and treat chronic diseases in time. Keep good living habits and stay away from alcohol, tobacco and greasy food. Only in this way can you protect your heart from the threat of sudden death.

Middle-aged people should pay attention to body signals and seek medical treatment in time!

You may not know that before sudden death, your body actually gave you many warnings. If you can find and deal with it in time, it is possible to avoid the tragedy.

So, what are the signals before sudden death? According to research, the most common symptom before sudden death is chest discomfort, which mainly has the following three manifestations:

Angina pectoris. This is a feeling of pain or oppression in the chest or precordial area, which usually lasts less than 15 minutes and is often accompanied by dysphagia or chest tightness. This is caused by heart ischemia and hypoxia.

Flustered. This is a feeling of rapid or irregular heartbeat, which usually lasts less than 10 minutes and is often accompanied by discomfort such as chest tightness, fatigue and dizziness. This is due to cardiac electrophysiological dysfunction.

Low blood pressure. This is a state in which blood pressure drops below the normal value, which generally lasts less than 5 minutes, and is often accompanied by symptoms such as cold sweat and dyspnea. This is because the pumping function of the heart is weakened.

These signals mostly occur after physical activity, emotional excitement or satiety. If they can be relieved after rest, it means a mild heart problem. However, if it still doesn’t improve after rest, or there are frequent or persistent signals, it means that it is a serious heart problem and needs immediate medical attention.

In addition to these signals, there are some less obvious signals, such as left arm pain, sore throat or toothache. These signals may be nerve reflexes caused by heart problems, which also need attention.

In short, middle-aged people should pay special attention to their physical changes. If there is any chest discomfort, dull pain or fatigue, they should go to the hospital for examination in time and don’t take it lightly. Only early detection and treatment of heart problems can effectively prevent and reduce the risk of sudden death.

Paper materials: Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of 5516 Cases of Autopsy Sudden Death in China, chinese journal of critical care medicine Journal in April 2020.

Original title: "Doctors dissected more than 5,000 cases of sudden death and found that people who died suddenly had these rules! 》

Read the original text

Beijing Medical Insurance No.41 [2022].

The medical insurance bureaus of all districts, the Social Affairs Bureau of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, and the designated medical institutions:

　　In order to continuously improve people’s sense of gain, happiness and security in medical treatment settlement in different places, according to the spirit of the Notice of the National Medical Insurance Bureau and the Ministry of Finance on Further Improving the Direct Settlement of Medical Treatment in Different Provinces of Basic Medical Insurance (No.22 [2022] of Medical Insurance), this Municipality further improves the direct settlement of medical treatment in different provinces of basic medical insurance (hereinafter referred to as direct settlement) and regulates the management of direct settlement services. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, improve the direct settlement policy

　　(a) unified hospitalization, general outpatient and outpatient chronic diseases direct settlement fund payment policy. The medical expenses for inpatient, general outpatient and outpatient chronic and special diseases directly settled by the insured shall, in principle, implement the payment scope and relevant regulations (payment scope of basic medical insurance drugs, medical service items and medical consumables) stipulated by the insured place, and implement the relevant policies such as the basic medical insurance fund Qifubiaozhun, payment ratio, maximum payment limit and outpatient chronic and special diseases.

　　(two) to clarify the scope of medical records in different provinces. Insured persons in this city can apply for inter-provincial medical record when they need medical treatment in different places. After the record, the insured persons can enjoy direct settlement service in the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions where medical treatment is filed.

　　(3) Standardizing the validity period of inter-provincial medical records in different places. Insured persons in this Municipality may, when filing medical treatment in different places across provinces, choose their own effective period of filing according to actual needs, and the effective date and deadline of filing shall be subject to the date of system registration. When the insured person’s place of filing for medical treatment or unit, insurance type and other insured relationships change, it is necessary to go through the filing procedures again, and the original filing validity period will automatically expire after re-filing.

　　(4) It is allowed to re-submit medical records in different provinces and places, and the injured insured without third-party liability can enjoy direct settlement services. Before the settlement of the insured’s inter-provincial medical treatment in different places, the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions shall provide direct settlement services for the insured. If the insured person who goes to different provinces for medical treatment goes through the filing formalities according to the regulations after being discharged from hospital at his own expense, he can apply for manual reimbursement of medical insurance according to the regulations of the insured place. At the same time, the medical expenses of trauma without third-party liability that meet the management regulations of medical treatment places can be included in the direct settlement scope.

　　Two, standardize the direct settlement management services

　　(a) simplify the inter provincial medical record. Insured persons in this city need to go through the inter-provincial medical record before seeking medical treatment in different places. The filing procedures can be handled through online and offline channels, such as the national medical insurance service platform APP, the national remote medical filing applet, the the State Council client applet or the window of each district agency, by registering my information and signing a personal commitment letter.

　　(two) clear the scope of direct settlement. When the insured persons in this city apply for medical treatment in different provinces for the record, in principle, the medical treatment place only needs to be put on record in the co-ordination area where the medical treatment place is located. All the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions in the co-ordination area for the record medical treatment are designated medical institutions for the insured persons in different places, and they can enjoy hospitalization, general outpatient service or direct settlement service for drug purchase. The insured persons in this city who seek medical treatment for special diseases in different provinces need to be filed with the designated medical institutions at the place where they seek medical treatment. In principle, two designated medical institutions can be selected for a special disease, and they can seek medical treatment in the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions that have opened the direct settlement service for corresponding outpatient chronic and special diseases, and the treatment expenses related to special diseases can enjoy direct settlement service.

　　(three) standardize the insured to medical insurance electronic certificate, social security card. Insured persons who seek medical treatment in different places across provinces should take the initiative to show their insured status in the designated medical institutions networked across provinces where they seek medical treatment, and produce valid certificates such as medical insurance electronic certificate or social security cards. Inter-provincial networking designated medical institutions should do a good job in the authentication of insured persons in different places, guide those who have not filed for the record to go through the filing procedures in time, and provide reasonable and standardized diagnosis and treatment services and convenient and fast settlement services for insured persons who meet the requirements of medical places.

　　(4) Standardize the direct settlement process. When medical treatment is directly settled in different provinces, the medical treatment place should upload the cost information to the national medical security information platform according to the unified requirements of the state for direct settlement between designated medical institutions and insured persons connected across provinces. If it cannot be settled directly for some reason, the inter-provincial networked designated medical institutions should also upload medical expenses details, diagnosis and other medical information, and support the pilot online processing of manual reimbursement.

　　(five) the unified management of medical treatment. Medical insurance agencies at all levels should bring medical personnel from different places into the unified management of this Municipality, and provide the same services and management as the insured in this Municipality in terms of medical information recording, performance appraisal, medical behavior monitoring, cost audit, total budget, etc., and make it clear in the medical security service agreement of designated medical institutions; Explore the application of medical insurance payment reform in medical settlement in different places, and guide designated medical institutions to make reasonable diagnosis and treatment.

　　(six) to strengthen the collaborative management of medical services across provinces. Medical insurance departments at all levels should gradually improve the working mechanism, form a coordinated management system of inter-provincial medical services in different places with clear division of labor, clear responsibilities and unified processes, and comprehensively improve the coordinated management ability of inter-provincial medical services in terms of problem coordination, online reimbursement, cost investigation and information sharing.

　　Three, strengthen the management of medical funds across provinces and different places.

　　The medical insurance fund payment part of the inter-provincial medical expenses in different places shall be paid in advance and then liquidated. Inter-provincial medical expenses in different places shall be settled in full on a monthly basis in accordance with the unified national clearing method. The municipal medical insurance agency and the municipal finance department shall, in accordance with the detailed rules for the implementation of direct settlement of medical treatment in different provinces of Beijing (Annex), coordinate in the allocation and collection of clearing funds. Bank charges and bank bill fees incurred in the process of allocating funds for medical treatment in different provinces shall not be charged in the fund. The interest generated by the advance payment in the financial special account of the medical treatment place belongs to the medical treatment place.

　　Fourth, improve the support for standardization of medical insurance informationization

　　(a) continue to deepen the national unified medical insurance information platform for the whole business process application. Medical insurance departments at all levels should solidly promote the dynamic maintenance and deepening application of coding in accordance with the unified national norms and requirements, improve the management system of medical insurance operation and maintenance of information technology, continuously improve the level of medical insurance data governance, and provide strong system support for direct settlement.

　　(2) Continue to optimize and improve the system. Medical insurance departments at all levels should constantly optimize system performance, reduce response time and effectively improve the direct settlement experience of insured persons in accordance with the unified national interface standards and specifications. When the medical insurance system stops and switches, it should be reported in advance, verified in the process and monitored afterwards to ensure that the data migration is timely, complete and accurate, to solve the influence of information changes such as personal number on the business in transit, and to ensure the smooth connection of business and the stable operation of the system.

　　(3) Strengthen system operation and maintenance management and security. Medical insurance departments at all levels should continue to build professional and reliable operation and maintenance management teams, build operation and maintenance management processes in infrastructure, network security, cloud platforms, business subsystems and other fields, and form a scientific and effective operation and maintenance management system. Implement safety management responsibilities, improve system safety operation and maintenance capabilities, strengthen information system boundary protection, prohibit cross-provincial networked designated medical institutions from connecting the information system of medical insurance system to the Internet, standardize cross-provincial medical identity verification, and ensure data security. Standardize the quality control standard of abnormal transaction error information, classify the problems, describe the reasons of errors concisely and easily, facilitate the problem location of abnormal transactions, and respond to them in time.

　　Five, strengthen the supervision of direct settlement funds

　　Medical insurance departments at all levels should earnestly implement the regulatory responsibilities of medical treatment places and insured places. As a place for medical treatment, direct settlement should be regarded as the key content of daily supervision, special inspection and flight inspection, and all kinds of fraudulent insurance fraud should be severely cracked down. At the same time, it is necessary to cooperate with medical insurance departments in different places to do relevant verification; As an insured place, it is necessary to regularly analyze the use of medical insurance funds across provinces and different places, accurately lock the clues of suspicious problems, and actively carry out problem verification to ensure the safe and rational use of medical insurance funds.

　　Medical insurance departments at all levels shall, in accordance with the spirit of this circular, take direct settlement as an important task to deepen the reform of the medical security system, strengthen organizational leadership, coordinate and promote, and do a good job in publicity and training to ensure a smooth transition of direct settlement in this Municipality.

　　This notice shall be implemented as of January 1, 2023. If the previous documents are inconsistent with this notice, this notice shall prevail.

Beijing Municipal Medical Security Bureau　　　　

December 30, 2022　　

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 23 rd, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization pointed out: "Promote the coordinated development and governance of medical care, medical insurance and medicine." Medical treatment refers to the medical and health services provided by medical and health institutions and medical personnel. It is the core content of medical treatment, health care and rehabilitation for the masses. It has the most direct relationship with the masses and the most concrete feelings of the masses. Medical insurance refers to the medical security system and its level of protection. Medical insurance fund is the "life-saving money" for people to see a doctor, and it is also an important source of financing for medical services and medical products. Medicine refers to Chinese and western medicines, medical devices, medical consumables and other related products. As an important means of medical and health services, it is directly related to the quality, safety and ability of services. The state exercises strict supervision over medical products to ensure quality, safety and effectiveness, and encourages innovation to increase the supply of high-quality medical products. There are three main considerations for the coordinated development and governance of "three medicines".

First, the "three doctors" are interrelated and inseparable. Medical care plays a major role in serving the people’s life, illness, illness, and medical treatment. By deepening the structural reform of the supply side of medical services, we will vigorously develop new quality productivity of health care, mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the majority of medical staff, promote the high-quality development of health care, and better meet the people’s yearning for a better life. Medical insurance is connected with the "demand side" of the people, which reduces the economic burden of patients by exerting the guarantee function; The other end is connected with the two "suppliers" of medical care and medicine, which can not only adjust the supply of medical services, standardize medical service behavior, promote hospital reform and promote graded diagnosis and treatment through payment methods and price policies, but also reduce the price of medical products through centralized procurement of pharmaceutical consumables and exert leverage. The production and supply of high-quality and high-efficiency pharmaceutical products provide necessary technical means and material guarantee for medical and health services, and at the same time get reasonable compensation from payers such as medical insurance to realize the healthy development of the industry. Medical care, medical insurance and medicine jointly protect people’s health. To improve the development level of health undertakings, it is necessary for relevant departments to cooperate closely and make concerted efforts to promote the coordinated development and governance of "three medicines".

Second, the coordinated development and governance of the "three medicines" can further benefit the people and the people and better solve the people’s livelihood problems. Medical and health service is an important part of public service and an important field that people expect for a better life. With the development of economy and society and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, people hope to obtain more safe, effective, convenient and cheap medical and health services, more comprehensive coverage and higher level of basic medical security, and innovative and advanced medical products. Only by vigorously promoting the coordinated development and governance of the "three medicines" and forming a joint effort can we better meet the people’s new expectations for a better life, improve the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security, and deepen the reform of the medical and health system to benefit people’s livelihood more directly.

Third, the coordinated development and governance of the "three medicines" is conducive to promoting the governance of all links in the whole chain of the medical field and correcting unhealthy trends. Influenced by many factors, there are still some phenomena and problems in the field of medicine and health that endanger the interests of the people and harm public welfare and people’s health rights and interests. Among them, there are some problems in medical service, such as big prescription, excessive examination and overuse of drugs, which damage people’s health and waste health resources; There are also fraudulent behaviors in the field of medical insurance, which seriously threaten the safety of medical insurance funds; There are also problems in the field of pharmaceutical production, circulation and sales, such as "sales with gold", price increases at different levels, and imaginary costs. These problems are often intertwined, connecting multiple stakeholders and running through many links of "three medicines". To solve these problems, we must adhere to the party’s leadership, treat both the symptoms and the root causes, strengthen supervision in the whole chain, comprehensively adopt institutional supervision, functional supervision, behavioral supervision, penetrating supervision, continuous supervision and other means, strengthen the linkage between the "three medical" departments, strengthen the connection between discipline and law and execution, and severely crack down on and punish acts that infringe on public rights and interests according to law. The coordinated development and management of the "three medicines" can achieve the above objectives, and play a positive role in controlling unhealthy trends and establishing new trends in the industry, and play a significant role.

Huawei Pura 70 seriesIt is on sale today, starting at 5499 yuan.

On April 22nd, Huawei officially launched Pura. 70Series two models, including Pura. 70And Pura 70 Pro. In terms of selling price, the starting price of Pura 70 is 5499 yuan, and the starting price of Pura 70 Pro is 7999 yuan.

Pura 70 Pro configuration upgrade

Compared with Pura 70, Pura 70 Pro is equipped with a more durable.Xuanwu toughened Kunlun glassScreen, storage capacity is also larger. The machine offers two configurations: the 16GB+512GB version costs 7999 yuan, and the 16GB+1TB version costs 8999 yuan.

Pura 70 has a straight screen design and does not support satellite communication.

Pura 70 adoptsStraight screen and straight edge designThe front is equipped with a 6.6-inch straight screen and second-generation Kunlun glass. The rear three-camera combination includes a 50-megapixel super spotlight camera, a 13-megapixel super wide-angle camera and a 12-megapixel periscope telephoto camera. In addition, the machine is equipped with a 4900mAh battery, which supports 66W wired fast charging, 50W wireless fast charging and 7.5W wireless reverse charging.

It is worth noting that Pura 70 Standard Edition does not support satellite communication and star flashing functions.

(reporting)

　　BEIJING, Beijing, July 27 (Wu Tao) Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued "Guiding Opinions on Establishing Modern Hospital Management System" (hereinafter referred to as "Guiding Opinions"), which made a series of arrangements for establishing modern hospitals. What will the modern hospital be built into? Is it more convenient for people to see a doctor? What changes have been made to the salary of medical staff? Zhongxin. com has combed and summarized this.

　　What will a modern hospital look like?

　　— — Adhere to public welfare and control the scale of special needs services in hospitals

　　The Guiding Opinions pointed out that modern hospitals first adhere to the public welfare of public hospitals, adhere to the people’s health as the center, and put people’s health in a strategic position of giving priority to development. Modern hospitals adhere to the separation of government affairs and management, reasonably define the government’s supervisory responsibilities, and give public hospitals the right to operate and manage independently.

　　The reporter observed that the Guiding Opinions put forward some particularly detailed requirements for modern hospitals. For example, it is necessary to strictly control the bed size, construction standards and large-scale medical equipment in public hospitals, prohibit debt construction and luxury decoration, and gradually compress beds that exceed the scale standards. Control the scale of special services in public hospitals, and the proportion of special services provided shall not exceed 10%.

　　The opinions in the Guidance also suggest that an accountability mechanism should be established for acts such as arbitrary charges and bad practices that have a major social impact, acts that have caused major medical accidents and major safety accidents, serious cases of violation of laws and discipline, and serious violations of the construction of professional ethics.

　　It is worth noting that modern hospitals put forward a series of requirements for the position of dean. The dean should be fully responsible for medical treatment, teaching, scientific research and administrative management. The president’s office meeting is the administrative and business decision-making body of public hospitals, which makes decisions on discussion and research matters. At the same time, the annual and term target responsibility of the president is assessed, which is linked to the president’s salary, appointment and dismissal, rewards and punishments.

　　Wu Ming, a professor at peking university health science center College of Public Health, believes that the Guiding Opinions not only gives public hospitals the right to operate and manage independently, but also promotes the reform of medical insurance payment method, cancels drug addition, adjusts the price of medical services, reduces the price of medical consumables, and the "two-vote system", and establishes an effective competition mechanism in the medical service market to form an effective constraint on public hospitals, so as to ensure that the dean has the right not to be willful.

　　It is more convenient for patients to see a doctor.

　　— — Strengthen the emergency power and smooth the green channel

　　What impact does the establishment of modern hospitals have on patients? First of all, the doctor-patient relationship that everyone is concerned about is mentioned in the Guiding Opinions, for example, promoting the construction of the "three mediations and one insurance" mechanism that organically combines hospital mediation, people’s mediation, judicial mediation and medical risk sharing mechanism, properly resolving medical disputes and building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

　　The Guiding Opinions also pointed out that patients’ satisfaction is an aspect of the assessment of medical staff, and the assessment of medical staff is directly related to their salary level and even job appointment and dismissal. City doctors have served at the grassroots or counterpart medical institutions for not less than 1 year before being promoted to the title of attending physician or deputy chief physician.

　　In addition, the "Guiding Opinions" proposes to carry out information-based convenience services such as medical guidance, settlement between clinics, push of inspection results, and settlement of medical treatment in different places. Develop high-quality nursing services and strengthen the services of social workers and volunteers. All these provide better services for people to see a doctor.

　　In addition, tertiary public hospitals should all participate in the construction of medical complexes and play a leading role. Further improve medical services, optimize medical procedures, rationally arrange facilities in consultation areas, scientifically implement appointment diagnosis and treatment, and implement day surgery, telemedicine and multidisciplinary joint diagnosis and treatment models. Strengthen the emergency rescue force and smooth the green passage in front of the hospital.

　　The hospital informatization construction proposed in the Guiding Opinions is also closely related to the convenience of people seeking medical treatment. Zhang Wei, secretary of the Party Committee of west china hospital, analyzed that the Guiding Opinions put forward the effective docking of medical insurance, budget management, drug electronic supervision and other systems, and well designed and implemented medical services, medical quality and safety, internal audit and other systems, so as to minimize the burden of patients seeking medical treatment and the repeated work of medical staff caused by information and communication barriers and cumbersome workflow.

　　How to change the salary of medical staff?

　　— — Do not set revenue targets, and shall not be linked to the business income of the department.

　　Will the salary of medical staff change in the process of establishing modern hospitals? How to change? Presumably this is a problem that many people care about. According to the Guiding Opinions, public hospitals should make independent distribution within the approved total salary, reflecting post differences, taking into account the balance of disciplines, and achieving more work and more rewards.

　　According to the relevant regulations, hospitals can explore the implementation of target annual salary system and agreed salary. The salary of medical personnel shall not be linked to the business income of drugs, sanitary materials, inspection and testing. It is strictly forbidden to set income-generating targets for medical staff.

　　The Guiding Opinions also show that public hospitals should establish a public welfare-oriented assessment and evaluation mechanism, regularly organize public hospital performance assessment and dean’s annual and term target responsibility assessment, and the assessment results are linked to financial subsidies, medical insurance payment, total performance salary and dean’s salary, appointment and dismissal, rewards and punishments, etc. The assessment results will also be linked to the employment of medical staff, promotion of professional titles and personal salary.

　　Wang Hufeng, director of the Medical Reform Research Center of Renmin University of China, analyzed that it is an important aspect to establish a modern hospital management system to grant public hospitals autonomy in salary distribution and management under the framework of laws and regulations. "Only in this way can the enthusiasm of managers and medical staff be fully mobilized, so that medical institutions can provide quality services and efficient services." Wang Hufeng said. (End)

　　The artificial meat company has just listed in the United States, and the artificial milk has come. Recently, Mike Shedlock, a columnist of MishTalk, a global economic research website, introduced artificial milk that is more environmentally friendly, healthier and more expensive. This makes many people lament that with artificial milk, the problems existing in milk can finally be solved.

　　Rumors about milk have never been broken. "Milk causes cancer", "Milk is not suitable for Chinese’s physique" and "Milk will send mankind to the grave" … … Are these terrible stories about milk circulating on the Internet true?

　　Rumor 1: Hormones in milk can cause cancer.

　　An article entitled "Milk sends human beings to the grave" was once heated up, causing widespread panic among the masses. According to the article, milk contains the hormone IGF-1. Women who drink too much will suffer from breast cancer and ovarian cancer, while men are prone to prostate cancer.

　　"The full name of IGF-1 is called insulin-like growth factor No.1, which has a similar effect to insulin, mainly regulating people’s blood sugar and promoting people’s growth and development. Judging from the current experimental or scientific evidence, it does not indicate that it has a carcinogenic effect. " Li Yajun, a professor at the School of Life Sciences of Guizhou Normal University, said in an interview with the Science and Technology Daily reporter.

　　In this regard, some experts have explained that IGF-1 is a protein with important physiological functions, which exists widely in human body. Milk does contain this hormone substance, but the content is very small. Previously, an epidemiological survey showed that IGF-1 seems to have a certain relationship with prostate cancer and other cancers, but so far there is no evidence that IGF-1 is the direct cause of cancer. "Having a certain relationship" does not mean that it will directly induce cancer. In addition, the amount of IGF-1 obtained by drinking milk is insignificant compared with the amount of IGF-1 contained in the human body itself. Moreover, IGF-1 in milk has no biological activity in human body after heating, digestion and absorption, let alone causing cancer.

　　In 2017, Song Xiaomei and other scholars from the School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences of Hebei University published a paper pointing out that the main argument of "milk carcinogenesis" comes from some epidemiological research results (especially for prostate cancer), but it often avoids intake, which is misleading to people who generally lack systematic health knowledge. Its argument is mainly the view of the China Health Survey Report compiled by Cornell University, the main purpose of which is to advocate people in Europe and America to change their bad eating habits mainly based on animal foods. However, the intake of dairy products by Chinese residents is far from the highest intake in European and American epidemiological studies (more than 600 grams per day), even lower than the recommended daily intake of 300 grams in the Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016).

　　Proverbs 2: Chinese was born unfit to drink milk.

　　In life, we often hear the saying that Chinese is mainly vegetarian, and its constitution is peaceful and cool, so it is useless to digest the cold and wet food such as milk. Therefore, more than 60% of Chinese people have diarrhea when drinking milk, which is because milk hurts spleen yang.

　　In this regard, Li Yajun said that for a long time, the academic community thought that milk was flat and sweet and did not belong to cold food. Many people in Chinese will have diarrhea when drinking milk, not because the milk is cold or the milk hurts spleen yang, but because the milk contains lactose, and these people lack enzymes to decompose lactose, which is reflected in the fact that they will not have diarrhea when drinking yogurt or soothing milk with lactose decomposed.

　　Adults in China drink less milk, and the body’s ability to decompose lactose will decrease — — Lactases that decompose lactose in the intestine are "unemployed" one after another, which leads to the basic shutdown of the "factory" that produces lactase. The lack of lactase in most people is caused by "using it and discarding it", rather than congenital lack of this gene. The vast majority of Chinese do not have congenital lactase deficiency, that is to say, Chinese is not born unfit to drink milk, just because he usually drinks too little. For non-congenital lactose deficiency, the ability to digest lactose can be restored through gradual adaptation.

　　Rumor 3: Drinking milk leads to various skin diseases.

　　Some people, especially infants, are prone to eczema after drinking milk, so there is a saying on the Internet: Never drink milk, which will lead to skin diseases such as eczema.

　　"This is a chronic allergic problem of food. Some people will be allergic and acne when drinking milk, but it cannot be proved that this food is inedible, because there are always a few allergic people. In fact, many people in life have different allergens, such as eggs, beef, seafood and even all kinds of fruits. We can’t say that everyone should not eat these things just because a few people are allergic. This is typical and a bit ridiculous. " Fan Zhihong, an associate professor in the Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science, China Agricultural University, said.

　　Li Yajun also said that this statement is not accurate. It is not milk itself that causes allergies, but some people may be allergic to protein contained in milk, so drinking milk will cause skin diseases, but this does not mean that there is something wrong with milk. Just like many people are allergic to pollen and seafood, there are various allergens. As individuals, it is good to avoid contact as much as possible in life. But it doesn’t mean that what is bad for this person is not good for others to eat.

　　Proverbs 4 Casein can increase the prevalence of many diseases.

　　An article entitled "The Great Harm of Milk! The online article "Milk, Meat, Fish and Eggs", which is suggested to be completely fasted, has far-reaching influence and makes many people have doubts about eating milk. The article points out that the research by Professor Campbell of Cornell University in the United States shows that protein in milk, especially casein, is a very strong cancer promoter, and it can increase the incidence of heart disease, diabetes, kidney calculi and hypertension. Li Piao, editor of the rumor mill of the shell network and an agronomy major, once said that Professor Campbell’s research on the carcinogenesis of casein in milk "is not the mainstream view in academic circles, and there is no stronger evidence to prove that milk can increase the risk of cancer". According to reports, Campbell’s experiment was to induce cancerous cells in rats by high dose of aflatoxin (a strong carcinogen), but it could not be directly concluded that casein had the same effect on healthy people. Moreover, Campbell also made it clear in an interview with the media that his research does not mean that dairy products can cause cancer.

　　Fan Zhihong said that this statement is purely a rumor, because existing studies have proved that casein in milk not only does not increase the risk of the above diseases, but is beneficial to the prevention of hypertension and stroke. A study of 64,191 women in China found that the intake of calcium, magnesium and dairy products was negatively correlated with the risk of diabetes. The nutritional epidemiological study of Institute of Nutrition of Chinese Academy of Sciences also found that the intake of dairy products was negatively correlated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin content, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and blood sugar.

　　In Li Yajun’s view, not only milk, but also human milk contains casein. Casein in dairy products is a kind of high-quality protein, which contains eight kinds of amino acids needed by human body, especially the combination of casein and calcium, which is beneficial to promote the absorption of calcium by human body. Reporter Fu Lili